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Valdur Tiit Toimetajad / Compiled By Peatoimetaja / Editor-in-chief: Valdur Tiit Toimetajad / Compiled by: Sirli Lember Tiina Kivisäkk Toimetus on toetuse eest tänulik / Editorial staff is very grateful for the support of: Eesti Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeeriumile Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications SA Archimedes Archimedes Foundation Kaanekujundus / Cover design by: Michael Walsh Trükitud: OÜ Paar Printed by: Paar Ltd Kirjastaja: OÜ Halo Kirjastus Publisher: Halo Kirjastus Ltd © 2004 Eesti Põllumajandusülikool Estonian Agricultural University All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-9949-426-38-6 (PDF) ISBN 978-9985-9553-2-1 (trükis) SISUKORD TULEVIK KUULUB TAASTUVATELE ENERGIAALLIKATELE Valdur Tiit ............................................................................................................. 7 TUULEENERGIA ARENGUKAVAD MAAILMAS Toomas Frey .......................................................................................................... 9 TUULEENERGEETIKAST EUROOPA LIIDUS JA EESTIS Jaan Lepa, Andres Annuk, Kuno Jürjenson ja Tõnis Peets .................................. 21 EESTI ESIMENE KAASAEGNE TUULEPARK Raimo Pirksaar ja Valdur Tiit .............................................................................. 25 TUULEENERGIA PROGNOOSI TÄPSUSE UURING Teolan Tomson, Maire Hansen ja Raimo Pirksaar .............................................. 29 PÄIKESEENERGIA – OLMEENERGIA KOKKUHOID JA KUIVATUS Taito Mikkonen .................................................................................................... 37 PÄIKESE TERMOTUUMAREAKTOR – MÄEKÕRGUSELT PARIM ENERGIAALLIKAS; ISOMEERSEISUNDID – KAS TUUMAENERGIA AKUMULAATORID Karl K. Rebane …………………………………………………………….…… 41 KAS PÕLEVKIVI ANNAB TEED TAASTUVATELE ENERGIAALLIKATELE? Marko Kaasik ………………………………………………………...………… 44 BIOKÜTUSED + JÄÄTMED. KAS TULEVIKUS ENERGEETIKA PÄÄSETEE? Ülo Kask ……………………………………………………………………….. 49 PILLIROO PÕLETUSKATSETE TULEMUSI Aadu Paist, Ülo Kask ja Livia Kask ………………………………..………….. 53 BIOKÜTUSTE TUHA KOOSTISE MÕJU KATLA TÖÖLE Teet Parve, Aadu Paist, Maaris Nuutre ja Raaja Aluvee ……………….……… 60 JÄÄTMAADE ENERGIAPOTENTSIAALI ANALÜÜS PALAMUSE JA SAARE VALLA NÄITEL Moonika Ani ………………………………………………………………….... 64 PILLIROO TERMOKEEMILINE DESTRUKTSIOON Rein Veski, Vilja Palu, Irina Bljahhina, Kristjan Kruusement, Natalia Vink, Livia Kask ja Ülo Kask ……….………………………………… 72 ENERGIARESSURSID EESTI VÄLISKAUBANDUSES JA NENDE PIIRKONDLIK KASUTAMINE Anton Laur ja Koidu Tenno ……………………………………………………. 80 BIOKÜTUSTE VEEKATELDES PÕLETAMISE SOOJUSTEHNILISTEST PROBLEEMIDEST Ants Veski ja Toomas Tiikma ………………………………………………….. 88 ÜHISRAKENDUSPROJEKTIDE TEOSTAMISEST EESTIS Inge Roos …………..…………………………………………………………… 97 KOOSTOOTMISE TEHNOLOOGIAD PUITKÜTUSE KASUTAMISEL Ülo Mets ……………………………………….……………………………… 106 KÜTUSENA KASUTATAVATE RAIEJÄÄTMETE POTENTSIAAL HARVENDUS- JA UUENDUSRAIES Kairi Kiivit, Merlika Niidumaa ja Peeter Muiste ……………….…………….. 118 3 TAASTUV- JA FOSSIILKÜTUSESEGUDE TERMOKEEMILISE VEDELDAMISE SAADUSTE LAHUTAMISE MEETOD Vilja Palu, Rein Veski ja Hans Luik ……………...…………………………… 124 EESTI SUURIM TUULEPARK PAKRI POOLSAAREL Tiit Kallaste, Enn Kareda, Anton Laur ja Koidu Tenno ………………………. 129 MTÜ EESTI VESKIVARAMU Mae Juske, Anto Juske ja Katrin Poell ………………………………………… 137 BIOENERGIA RESSURSSIDEST EESTI METSA- JA PÕLLUMAJANDUSES Margot Mäesaar ja Jaan Kivistik ……………………………………………… 142 4 CONTENTS THE FUTURE BELONGS TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Valdur Tiit …………………………………………………….………………...... 8 TRENDS IN The WORLD WIND ENERGY MARKET Toomas Frey .......................................................................................................... 20 ABOUT WIND ENERGETICS IN THE EU AND ESTONIA Jaan Lepa, Andres Annuk, Kuno Jürjenson and Tõnis Peets ................................ 24 THE FIRST ESTONIAN MODERN WIND PARK Raimo Pirksaar and Valdur Tiit ............................................................................ 28 INVESTIGATION OF THE ACCURACY OF PROGNOSED WIND ENERGY Teolan Tomson, Maire Hansen and Raimo Pirksaar ............................................ 36 SOLAR ENERGY – ECONOMY AND DRYING IN EVERYDAY USE OF ENERGY Taito Mikkonen ..................................................................................................... 40 SUN – THE BEST NUCLEAR REACTOR; ISOMER STATES OF THE NUCLEI – THE ENERGY ACCUMULATORS OF THE FUTURE? Karl K. Rebane ………………………………..………………………………… 43 DOES OIL SHALE LEAVE A PLACE FOR RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY? Marko Kaasik …………………..……………………………………………….. 48 BIOMASS + WASTE. IS IT THE SALVATION OF FUTURE ENERGY? Ülo Kask …………………………………………...…………………………… 52 THE RESULTS OF COMBUSTION TESTS OF REED Aadu Paist, Ülo Kask and Livia Kask ………………………………………….. 59 THE INFLUENCE OF ASH-FORMING ELEMENTS ON THE RUNNING OF BIOMASS FIRED BOILERS Teet Parve, Aadu Paist, Maaris Nuutre and Raaja Aluvee …….………….……. 63 ANALYSIS OF ENERGY POTENTIAL OF ABANDONED AREAS IN PALAMUSE AND SAARE LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES Moonika Ani ……………………………………………………………………. 71 THE THERMOCHEMICAL DESTRUCTION OF REED Rein Veski, Vilja Palu, Irina Bljahhina, Kristjan Kruusement, Natalia Vink, Livia Kask and Ülo Kask …………………………..……….……. 79 ENERGY RESOURCES IN ESTONIAN FOREIGN TRADE AND THEIR REGIONAL UTILISATION Anton Laur and Koidu Tenno ………………………………………….…….…. 87 SOME THERMAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS IN BURNING BIOFUELS IN WATER HEATING BOILERS Ants Veski and Toomas Tiikma …...……………………………………….…… 96 DEVELOPMENT OF JOINT IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS IN ESTONIA Inge Roos ……………………………………………………………………… 105 CO-GENERATION HEAT AND POWER TECHNOLOGIES USING BIOFUELS Ülo Mets ………………………………………………….…………………… 117 5 POTENTIAL OF HARVESTING RESIDUES FROM THINNING AND FINAL FELLING AS FUEL Kairi Kiivit, Merlika Niidumaa and Peeter Muiste …………………………… 123 METHOD TO SEPARATE PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY THERMOCHEMICAL LIQUEFACTION OF RENEWABLE AND FOSSIL FUELS MIXTURES Vilja Palu, Rein Veski and Hans Luik ……………………………..………….. 128 THE BIGGEST ESTONIAN WIND FARM AT THE PAKRI PENINSULA Tiit Kallaste, Enn Kareda, Anton Laur and Koidu Tenno ......... ........................ 136 NPO EESTI VESKIVARAMU Mae Juske, Anto Juske and Katrin Poell ……………………………………… 141 BIOENERGY RESOURCES IN ESTONIAN FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURE Margot Mäesaar and Jaan Kivistik ……….………………………..………….. 148 6 TULEVIK KUULUB TAASTUVATELE ENERGIAALLIKATELE Valdur Tiit Eesti Põllumajandusülikool, Kreutzwaldi 56, 51014 Tartu, e-post: [email protected] Viies taastuvate energiaallikate uurimisele ja kasutamisele pühendatud konverents TEUK-V toimus 6. novembril 2003. a Tartus Eesti Põllumajandusülikooli aulas. Sellest võttis osa ligemale 200 inimest üle kogu Eesti. Konverentsil esitati 23 ette- kannet, millest enamik on trükitud käesolevas kogumikus. Siin on esitatud töid biomassi kasutamisest ja võimalustest seda toota energeetika tarbeks, samuti edusammudest päikese- ning tuuleenergeetika arengus. Viiel TEUK-konverentsil esitatud ettekanded ja nende põhjal koostatud kogumikud on kindlasti aidanud Eestis levitada teadmisi taastuvate energiaallikate olemuse, ressurs- side ning kasutamisvõimaluste kohta. Kokku on viiel konverentsil esitatud 128 ette- kannet, millest enamik on koos ingliskeelse resümeega kogumikes publitseeritud. Konverentsil toimunud arutelud on aidanud kaasa uute kontaktide ja ideede tekki- misele ning innustanud inimesi selles valdkonnas edasi töötama. Konverentsidel on selgunud taastuvate energiaallikate kasutamisega seotud edu- sammud ja vajakajäämised Eestis. Hea meel on märkida biopõhiste energiakandjate kasvatamise ja kasutamise jätkuvat arengut, sh ettevalmistusi biodiislikütuse ulatusli- kuks tootmiseks. Jätkub edukas tegevus jõgede vee-energia kasutamisel elektri toot- miseks. Selle valdkonna tippsündmus oli Eesti suurima, 1,1 MW võimsusega Linnamäe HEJ uuesti käikulaskmine 2002. a detsembris. Hea algatus oli MTÜ Eesti Veskivaramu asutamine, et aidata kaasa vanade veskikohtade taastamisele ja korrashoiule. Ajalooliselt tähtsate objektidena on neil lisaks lokaalsele elektrienergia tootmisele jätkuvalt suur väärtus ka kui inimese kujundatud looduselementidel ja turismiobjektidel. Tuuleenergeetika jaoks oli suursündmus Eesti esimese kaasaegse 1,8 MW võimsusega kolme tuulikuga tuulepargi avamine 2002. a oktoobris. Märkimisväärne on seejuures Eesti Energia AS-i, kes on praegu suurim nn rohelise energia tootja Eestis, osaluse kasv tuule- ja veejõu kasutuselevõtul. Vaatamata positiivsetele tulemustele, millest on siin nimetatud vaid mõned, peaks energeetikaga seonduvad küsimused ja sh taastuvate energiaallikate ulatuslik kasutuse- levõtt jääma nii riigi kui kogu ühiskonna tähelepanu keskpunkti. Oluliselt rohkem on vaja anda sellealast haridust, teostada uuringuid ja arendada kohalikku tootmist. Eestil on suurepärased looduslikud eeldused katta tulevikus kogu oma energiatarve taastuvate varude abil. Seda arvestades püstitas taastuvenergeetika nõukogu aastal 2001 eesmärgi toota aastal 2050 vähemalt 75 protsenti soojus- ja elektrienergiast taastuvate energiaallikate abil. Soovi ja sihikindla töö tulemusena on võimalik kogu Eesti energiatarbimine viia selle sajandi jooksul otstarbekalt üle taastuvate energiaallikate kasutamisele. See on väärikas eesmärk, mille saavutamisele aitavad kaasa TEUK-konverentsid. 7 THE FUTURE BELONGS TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Valdur Tiit Estonian Agricultural University, e-mail: [email protected] The 5 th conference devoted to the investigation and usage of renewable energy sources (TEUK-V) took place on 6 th November 2003 in Tartu in the hall of the Estonian Agricultural University. There were about 200 participants from all over Estonia.
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