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Hausein, an Aniatomiiist at the U'niversity of Bonni
I 0 5 Early Research on Pleistocene Races in Europe: Putting Neandertal Man's Head Together Stephen R. Holtzman' The validity of putative associations of disarticu- A most remarkable peculiarity is at once obvious in the lated hominid fossil remains has been a recurrent extra-ordinary development of the frontal sinuses, owing to which the superciliary ridges, which coalesce theme in the history of interpretations of human completely in the middle, are rendered so prominent, evolution. The debate over the supposed affinity, and that the frontal bone exhibits a considerable hollow or the ultimate demonstration of the lack of association, depression above, or rather behind them, whilst a of the mandible and calvarial fragments from deep depression is also formed in the situation of the Piltdown is the most notorious example. Simons' root of the nose. The forehead is narrow and low ... (1961) more recent taxonomic association of (trans. in Busk 1861:156). "Bramapithecus" and "Kenyapithecus" with All the remains were "characterized by their unusual Ramapithecus in another controversial example. thickness, and the great development of all the eleva- Perhaps the earliest case of an error of association is tions and depressions for the attachment of muscles" that of the Neandertal calvaria and the La Naulette (Ibid: 158). mandible, now recognized as belonging to the same One of the difficulties with the man from Neander- taxon, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. Studies dealing tal was the question of his antiquity. It was not possible with the affinities of these two specimens took place to date with assurance the remains, as they were not durinig the debate betwseen scholars favoring dar- clearly associated with animal remains. -
SPAIN EXPEDITION WHO Tracing Thetransition from Neanderthal to Cro-Magnon in Western Europe Dr
FLAG REPORT 3 SPAIN EXPEDITION WHO Tracing theTransition from Neanderthal to Cro-Magnon in Western Europe Dr. Ana Pinto Llona Dr. Ana Pinto Llona journeyed to her archaeological site at a Her test excavation at the Sopeña rock shelter in WHAT 2002 revealed an occupation sequence that included Archaeological excavation limestone rock shelter, high in Spain’s Cantabrian Mountains, the first arrival of modern humans in Europe, back to carrying Wings WorldQuest Flag #4 in June 2005 to begin her the time of the Neanderthals, and even farther back WHERE to the time of Homo erectus, a more ancient ancestor. fourth field season. Cantabrian Mountains of WORKING AT THE SOPEÑA SITE northern Spain The site contains an intact and large succession of strata, all archaeologically fertile, bear- In 2004, Levels I and II were excavated. Eighteen ing testimony to the disappearance of Neanderthal culture and the appearance of modern volunteers joined Ana for the 2005 field season, from WHY humans around 35,000 years ago. June 15 to August 15, to begin work on Level III. Understand and compare the behavior of Neanderthals and Fragments of ancient tools, bones, and teeth yield clues about diet, hunting, and other Monday through Friday, work followed a predictable behaviors. Ana is studying the differences in these behaviors that would have benefited schedule. By 9 A.M., after an invigorating uphill walk modern humans of the Iberian modern humans, while contributing to the extinction of Neanderthals. to the site, one group went to work in the field lab Peninsula THE IBERIAN COAST: THE LAST STRONGHOLD OF THE NEANDERTHALS - and another at the rock shelter. -
An Early Modern Human from the Pes¸Tera Cu Oase, Romania
An early modern human from the Pes¸tera cu Oase, Romania Erik Trinkaus*†, Oana Moldovan‡,S¸ tefan Milota§, Adrian Bıˆlga˘r¶, Laurent¸iu Sarcina§, Sheela Athreyaʈ, Shara E. Bailey**, Ricardo Rodrigo††, Gherase Mircea§, Thomas Higham‡‡, Christopher Bronk Ramsey‡‡, and Johannes van der Plicht§§ *Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; ‡Institutul de Speologie ‘‘Emil Racovit¸a˘ ,’’ Clinicilor 5, P.O. Box 58, 3400 Cluj, Romania; §Pro Acva Grup, Strada˘Surduc 1, 1900 Timis¸oara, Romania; ¶Strada˘Decebal 1, 1500 Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania; ʈDepartment of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843; **Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street, Washington, DC 20052; ††Centro Nacional da Arqueologia Na´utica e Subaqua´tica, Instituto Portugueˆs de Arqueologia, Avenida da India 136, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal; ‡‡Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QJ, United Kingdom; and §§Centrum voor Isotopen Onderzoek, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Contributed by Erik Trinkaus, August 8, 2003 The 2002 discovery of a robust modern human mandible in the Pes¸tera cu Oase, southwestern Romania, provides evidence of early modern humans in the lower Danubian Corridor. Directly accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (14C)-dated to 34,000– 36,000 14C years B.P., the Oase 1 mandible is the oldest definite early modern human specimen in Europe and provides perspec- tives on the emergence and evolution of early modern humans in the northwestern Old World. The moderately long Oase 1 mandi- ble exhibits a prominent tuber symphyseos and overall proportions that place it close to earlier Upper Paleolithic European specimens. -
Palynology of Surface Sediments from Caves in the Zagros Mountains (Kurdish Iraq)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by LJMU Research Online 1 Palynology of surface sediments from caves in the Zagros Mountains (Kurdish Iraq): 2 patterns and processes. 3 4 Marta Fiacconia and Chris O. Hunta 5 a School of Natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, 6 Byrom Street, L3 3AF Liverpool, United Kingdom 7 8 Abstract 9 Cave palynology has been widely used to reconstruct past vegetation in areas where 10 other conventional sources of pollen are scarce. However, the mechanisms involved 11 in pollen transport, deposition and accumulation in caves are still poorly understood, 12 mostly because of the number of interplaying factors that affect these processes. In 13 this paper we explore some of these factors further by assessing differences in 14 pollen assemblages in transects of surface samples from six caves in the Zagros 15 Mountains of Kurdish Iraq. Simple sac-like caves show a clear pattern in pollen 16 distribution with anemophilous taxa declining from the highest percentages near the 17 front of the cave to lower percentages at the rear of the cave and entomophilous 18 taxa showing the opposite trend. There is a tendency for this pattern to be most 19 marked in caves which are narrow in relation to their length. It is less clear at 20 Shanidar Cave, most probably because of the geometry of the cave but also 21 because of the disturbance and mixing of the superficial sediments caused by the 22 large numbers of people visiting the cave. -
Upper Pleistocene Human Remains from Vindija Cave, Croatia, Yugoslavia
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 54~499-545(1981) Upper Pleistocene Human Remains From Vindija Cave, Croatia, Yugoslavia MILFORD H. WOLPOFF, FRED H. SMITH, MIRKO MALEZ, JAKOV RADOVCIC, AND DARKO RUKAVINA Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (MH.W.1,Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Kmxuille, Tennessee 37916 (FHS.),and Institute for Paleontology and Quaternary Geology, Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts, 41000 Zagreb, Yugoslavia (M.M., J.R., D.R.) KEY WORDS Vindija, Neandertal, South Central Europe, Modern Homo sapiens origin, Evolution ABSTRACT Human remains excavated from Vindija cave include a large although fragmentary sample of late Mousterian-associated specimens and a few additional individuals from the overlying early Upper Paleolithic levels. The Mousterian-associated sample is similar to European Neandertals from other regions. Compared with earlier Neandertals from south central Europe, this sam- ple evinces evolutionary trends in the direction of Upper Paleolithic Europeans. Compared with the western European Neandertals, the same trends can be demon- strated, although the magnitude of difference is less, and there is a potential for confusing temporal with regional sources of variation. The early Upper Paleo- lithic-associated sample cannot be distinguished from the Mousterian-associated hominids. We believe that this site provides support for Hrdlicka’s “Neandertal phase” of human evolution, as it was originally applied in Europe. The Pannonian Basin and surrounding val- the earliest chronometrically dated Upper leys of south central Europe have yielded a Paleolithic-associated hominid in Europe large and significant series of Upper Pleisto- (Smith, 1976a). cene fossil hominids (e.g. Jelinek, 1969) as well This report presents a detailed comparative as extensive evidence of their cultural behavior description of a sample of fossil hominids re- (e.g. -
Sites with Paintings in Morocco and the Atlantic Sahara
arts Article Sites with Paintings in Morocco and the Article SitesAtlantic with Sahara Paintings in Morocco and the AtlanticSusan Searight Sahara 42 Rue Franceville, Casablanca 20410, Morocco; [email protected] Susan Searight Academic Editor: Robert Bednarik 42Received: Rue Franceville, 15 July 2016; Casablanca Accepted: 20410, 12 October Morocco; 2016; [email protected] Published: date Academic Editor: Robert Bednarik Abstract: This article lists the rock art sites in Morocco with painted images so far published. It Received: 15 July 2016; Accepted: 12 October 2016; Published: 4 July 2017 updates and includes the inventory of such sites published over 15 years ago. Short descriptions of Abstract:the situationThis and article contents lists of the both rock new art and sites old in sites Morocco are given. with painted images so far published. It updates and includes the inventory of such sites published over 15 years ago. Short descriptions of theKeywords: situation rock and art contents; painted of images both new; Morocco and old sites are given. Keywords: rock art; painted images; Morocco 1. Introduction Morocco (Figure 1) is well endowed with rock art sites: some 250 were recorded in the 1977 1. Introduction national inventory [1]. Other sites found subsequently bring the total up to around 300. The vast majorityMorocco are sites (Figure with1 )petroglyphs; is well endowed sites with rockpaintings art sites: are rare. some This 250 is were understandable, recorded in thesince 1977 for nationalpaintings inventory to survive [—1].and Other to be sites discovered found subsequently today—they have bring to the be totalin protected up to around places, 300.such Theas caves vast majorityor rock-shelters. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Anthropology
CALIFOR!:HA STATE UNIVERSI'fY, NO:R'l'HRIDGE 'l'HE EVOLUTIONARY SCHENES 0!.'' NEANDER.THAL A thesis su~nitted in partial satisfaction of tl:e requirements for the degree of Naste.r of A.rts Anthropology by Sharon Stacey Klein The Thesis of Sharon Stacey Klein is approved: Dr·,~ Nike West. - Dr. Bruce Gelvin, Chair California s·tate University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·There are many people I would like to thank. Firs·t, the members of my corr.mi ttee who gave me their guidance and suggestions. Second, rny family and friends who supported me through this endea7cr and listened to my constant complaining. Third, the people in my office who allowed me to use my time to complete ·this project. Specifically, I appreciate the proof-reading done by my mother and the French translations done by Mary Riedel. ii.i TABLE OF' CONTENTS PAGE PRELIMINA:H.Y MATEIUALS : Al")stra-:-:t vi CHAP'I'ERS: I. Introduction 1 II. Methodology and Materials 4 III. Classification of Neanderthals 11 Species versus Subspecies Definitions of Neanderthals 16 V. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis .i9 VI. The Unilinear Hypothesis 26 Horphological Evidence Transi tiona.l Sp.. ::;:cimens T'ool Complexes VII. The Pre-Neanderthal Hypothesis 58 Morphological Evidence Spectrum Hypothesis "Classic'1 Neanderthal's Adaptations Transitional Evidence Tool Complexes VIII. Sumnary and Conclusion 90 Heferences Cited 100 1. G~<ological and A.rchaeoloqical 5 Subdivisions of the P1eistoce!1e 2. The Polyphyletic Hypothesis 17 3. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis 20 4. The UnilinPar Hypothesis 27 iv FIGUHES: P.Z\GE 5. Size Comparisons of Neanderthal 34 and Australian Aborigine Teeth 6. -
Du Trou Al'wesse, Modave
L e site préhistorique du Trou Al’Wesse, Modave REBECCA MILLER, MARCEL OTTE & JOHN STEWART Publié dans le cadre de l’Année de l’Archéologie en Wallonie « Archéo 2014 » Édité par Professeur Marcel OTTE Université de Liège, Belgique – Service de Préhistoire Tél.: +32/4/366.54.76 – Fax.: +32/4/366.55.51 Email: [email protected] – Web: web.philo.ulg.ac.be/prehist/ Illustrations de couverture : ©Service de Préhistoire, Université de Liège, Site de fouilles du Trou Al’Wesse, Modave Place du XX Août 7, bât. A1 – B-4000 Liège – Belgique Photographie aérienne du Site de fouilles Crédits photographiques : Conception graphique / Mise en page : ©Service de Préhistoire de l’Université de Liège ©Mary ÉTIENNE, Collaboratrice scientifique, ULg ©John Stewart Tél.: +32/4/366.58.07 – Fax.: +32/4/366.55.51 ©Wikimedia Common Email: [email protected] – Web: web.philo.ulg.ac.be/prehist/ D/2014/.../... – ISBN ... Tous droits réservés – Reproduction interdite sans autorisation L e site préhistorique du Trou Al’Wesse, Modave REBECCA MILLER, MARCEL OTTE & JOHN STEWART À l’aube de son Histoire, notre Royaume chercha à définir et à comprendre ses origines. Ce furent aussi les débuts de la Pré- histoire elle-même, science pionnière en Belgique. En 1863, Cau- martin, dans le récit d’une promenade le long du Hoyoux, donna une description sommaire de la grotte qui venait d’être découverte (« il y a quelques années ») en recoupant des taillis. À ce moment, la grotte, qui n’avait « jamais été explorée à fond », était encore presque entièrement comblée par les sédiments. -
Amerindian Cosmologies and European Prehistoric Cave Art: Reasons for and Usefulness of a Comparison
Arts 2014, 3, 1- 14; doi:10.3390/arts3010001 OPEN ACCESS arts ISSN 2076-0752 www.mdpi.com/journal/arts Article Amerindian Cosmologies and European Prehistoric Cave Art: Reasons for and Usefulness of a Comparison Enrico Comba Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento Culture, Politica e Società, Lungo Dora Siena, 100, Torino 10153, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-4805. Received: 28 October 2013; in revised form: 2 December 2013 / Accepted: 17 December 2013 / Published: 27 December 2013 Abstract: Several anthropological studies conducted in recent years among different Native American cultures have revealed a series of common features in ontological premises and cosmological frameworks. These features seem to be shared by most of the Native peoples in both North and South America. They include: a system of relationships between humans and non-human beings based on an ontology “of persons” as contrasted to the ontology “of things” typical of the Western attitude towards Nature; a structure of the cosmos made by superposed layers, which express the idea of a reality represented as comprising hidden dimensions and invisible domains; and the key role played by ecstatic practitioners in establishing relationships with and acquiring knowledge from these multiple dimensions of the universe. Here, the idea is suggested that these elements could be profitably utilized to interpret the meaning of Paleolithic cave art, not simply implying a series of typological likenesses, but suggesting the possibility of historic (pre-historic) links. It should be remembered that the main settlement of the Americas occurred in a period (from 30,000–20,000 years B.P.) which is contemporaneous with the creation of the masterworks in the caves of France and Spain. -
The Chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah Cave (Cyrenaica, Northeast Libya)
The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya) Douka, K., Jacobs, Z., Lane, C., Grün, R., Farr, L., Hunt, C., Inglis, R. H., Reynolds, T., Albert, P., Aubert, M., Cullen, V., Hill, E., Kinsley, L., Roberts, R. G., Tomlinson, E. L., Wulf, S., & Barker, G. (2014). The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya). Journal of Human Evolution, 66, 39-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.001 Published in: Journal of Human Evolution Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2014 The Authors This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. -
Homo Aestheticus’
Conceptual Paper Glob J Arch & Anthropol Volume 11 Issue 3 - June 2020 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Shuchi Srivastava DOI: 10.19080/GJAA.2020.11.555815 Man and Artistic Expression: Emergence of ‘Homo Aestheticus’ Shuchi Srivastava* Department of Anthropology, National Post Graduate College, University of Lucknow, India Submission: May 30, 2020; Published: June 16, 2020 *Corresponding author: Shuchi Srivastava, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, National Post Graduate College, An Autonomous College of University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India Abstract Man is a member of animal kingdom like all other animals but his unique feature is culture. Cultural activities involve art and artistic expressions which are the earliest methods of emotional manifestation through sign. The present paper deals with the origin of the artistic expression of the man, i.e. the emergence of ‘Homo aestheticus’ and discussed various related aspects. It is basically a conceptual paper; history of art begins with humanity. In his artistic instincts and attainments, man expressed his vigour, his ability to establish a gainful and optimistictherefore, mainlyrelationship the secondary with his environmentsources of data to humanizehave been nature. used for Their the behaviorsstudy. Overall as artists findings was reveal one of that the man selection is artistic characteristics by nature suitableand the for the progress of the human species. Evidence from extensive analysis of cave art and home art suggests that humans have also been ‘Homo aestheticus’ since their origins. Keywords: Man; Art; Artistic expression; Homo aestheticus; Prehistoric art; Palaeolithic art; Cave art; Home art Introduction ‘Sahityasangeetkalavihinah, Sakshatpashuh Maybe it was the time when some African apelike creatures to 7 million years ago, the first human ancestors were appeared.