Rhabdoviridae VMC 321: Systemic Veterinary Virology Dr
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Virus Replication
Introduction • Encompasses > 150 viruses Rhabdoviridae •Rabies –only important human Brian Wells pathogen • One of the most lethal of all infectious diseases History History • Adapted from Latin meaning “to rage” • 1885 – Louis Pasteur – rabies vaccine • Greeks – lyssa – “frenzy” – Attenuated form of virus produced by inoculation of rabbit spinal cord • Rabies represents one of the oldest and most feared diseases • Occurs throughout the world except in Australia, Japan, Great Britain, • Recognized in Egypt before 2300 B.C. and islands such as Hawaii • Well described by Aristotle • “Reportable” disease • Iliad – “canine madness” Taxonomy Viral Structure • 3 Genera – Ephemerovirus, Lyssavirus, • 170 nm x 70 nm Vesiculovirus • Bullet-shaped enveloped virion • Infect vertebrates, invertebrates, and – Glycoprotein peplomers & matrix protein plants under envelope • Genus Lyssavirus comprises rabies • Helical symmetry virus and 3 rabies-like viruses • Linear minus sense ssRNA – 11-12 kb • Each capable of causing rabies-like • Glycoprotein spikes in outer membrane disease in humans bilayer 1 Virus Replication • Receptor-mediated endocytosis • Uncoat and release nucleocapsid into cytoplasm • Production of 5 monocistronic mRNA species - N, P (NS), M, G, L – by L+P viral transcriptase • Each mRNA capped and poly-A’ed • dsRNA replicative intermediate Virus Replication Virus Replication • N+P+L and (-) ssRNA form core • M forms matrix around core • Virus buds from glycoprotein area of plasma membrane and thus acquires its envelope Transmission • Unstable -
Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana
Sampling and Testing Guide for Common Viral Diseases of Animals in Louisiana Please click on the species of interest: Cattle Deer and Small Ruminants The Louisiana Animal Swine Disease Diagnostic Horses Laboratory Dogs A service unit of the LSU School of Veterinary Medicine Adapted from Murphy, F.A., et al, Veterinary Virology, 3rd ed. Cats Academic Press, 1999. Compiled by Rob Poston Multi-species: Rabiesvirus DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 1 Cattle Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 2 Deer and Small Ruminants Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral disease Respiratory viral disease Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 3 Swine Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 4 Horses Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Neurological viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Abortifacient/neonatal viral diseases Viral infections affecting the skin Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. B2 5 Dogs Please click on the principle system involvement Generalized viral diseases Respiratory viral diseases Enteric viral diseases Reproductive/neonatal viral diseases Back to the Beginning DCN LADDL Guide for Common Viral Diseases v. -
Characterization of Farmington Virus, a Novel Virus from Birds That Is Distantly Related to Members of the Family Rhabdoviridae
Palacios et al. Virology Journal 2013, 10:219 http://www.virologyj.com/content/10/1/219 RESEARCH Open Access Characterization of Farmington virus, a novel virus from birds that is distantly related to members of the family Rhabdoviridae Gustavo Palacios1†, Naomi L Forrester2,3,4†, Nazir Savji5,7†, Amelia P A Travassos da Rosa2, Hilda Guzman2, Kelly DeToy5, Vsevolod L Popov2,4, Peter J Walker6, W Ian Lipkin5, Nikos Vasilakis2,3,4 and Robert B Tesh2,4* Abstract Background: Farmington virus (FARV) is a rhabdovirus that was isolated from a wild bird during an outbreak of epizootic eastern equine encephalitis on a pheasant farm in Connecticut, USA. Findings: Analysis of the nearly complete genome sequence of the prototype CT AN 114 strain indicates that it encodes the five canonical rhabdovirus structural proteins (N, P, M, G and L) with alternative ORFs (> 180 nt) in the N and G genes. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of FARV has confirmed that it is a novel rhabdovirus and probably represents a new species within the family Rhabdoviridae. Conclusions: In sum, our analysis indicates that FARV represents a new species within the family Rhabdoviridae. Keywords: Farmington virus (FARV), Family Rhabdoviridae, Next generation sequencing, Phylogeny Background Results Therhabdovirusesarealargeanddiversegroupofsingle- Growth characteristics stranded, negative sense RNA viruses that infect a wide Three litters of newborn (1–2 day old) ICR mice with aver- range of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants [1]. The family agesizeof10pupswereinoculated intracerebrally (ic) with Rhabdoviridae is currently divided into nine approved ge- 15–20 μl, intraperitoneally (ip) with 100 μlorsubcutane- nera (Vesiculovirus, Perhavirus, Ephemerovirus, Lyssavirus, ously (sc) with 100 μlofastockofVero-grownFARV(CT Tibrovirus, Sigmavirus, Nucleorhabdovirus, Cytorhabdovirus AN 114) virus containing approximately 107 plaque and Novirhabdovirus);however,alargenumberofanimal forming units (PFU) per ml. -
VMC 321: Systematic Veterinary Virology Retroviridae Retro: from Latin Retro,"Backwards”
VMC 321: Systematic Veterinary Virology Retroviridae Retro: from Latin retro,"backwards” - refers to the activity of reverse RETROVIRIDAE transcriptase and the transfer of genetic information from RNA to DNA. Retroviruses Viral RNA Viral DNA Viral mRNA, genome (integrated into host genome) Reverse (retro) transfer of genetic information Usually, well adapted to their hosts Endogenous retroviruses • RNA viruses • single stranded, positive sense, enveloped, icosahedral. • Distinguished from all other RNA viruses by presence of an unusual enzyme, reverse transcriptase. Retroviruses • Retro = reversal • RNA is serving as a template for DNA synthesis. • One genera of veterinary interest • Alpharetrovirus • • Family - Retroviridae • Subfamily - Orthoretrovirinae [Ortho: from Greek orthos"straight" • Genus -. Alpharetrovirus • Genus - Betaretrovirus Family- • Genus - Gammaretrovirus • Genus - Deltaretrovirus Retroviridae • Genus - Lentivirus [ Lenti: from Latin lentus, "slow“ ]. • Genus - Epsilonretrovirus • Subfamily - Spumaretrovirinae • Genus - Spumavirus Retroviridae • Subfamily • Orthoretrovirinae • Genus • Alpharetrovirus Alpharetrovirus • Species • Avian leukosis virus(ALV) • Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) • Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) • Fujinami sarcoma virus (FuSV) • ALVs have been divided into 10 envelope subgroups - A , B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I & J based on • host range Avian • receptor interference patterns • neutralization by antibodies leukosis- • subgroup A to E viruses have been divided into two groups sarcoma • Noncytopathic (A, C, and E) • Cytopathic (B and D) virus (ALV) • Cytopathic ALVs can cause a transient cytotoxicity in 30- 40% of the infected cells 1. The viral envelope formed from host cell membrane; contains 72 spiked knobs. 2. These consist of a transmembrane protein TM (gp 41), which is linked to surface protein SU (gp 120) that binds to a cell receptor during infection. 3. The virion has cone-shaped, icosahedral core, Structure containing the major capsid protein 4. -
Para Influenza Virus 3 Infection in Cattle and Small Ruminants in Sudan
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research ISSN 2311-7710 (Electronic) http://doi.org/10.5455/ javar.2016.c160 September 2016 A periodical of the Network for the Veterinarians of Bangladesh (BDvetNET) Vol 3 No 3, Pages 236-241. Original Article Para influenza virus 3 infection in cattle and small ruminants in Sudan Intisar Kamil Saeed, Yahia Hassan Ali, Khalid Mohammed Taha, Nada ElAmin Mohammed, Yasir Mehdi Nouri, Baraa Ahmed Mohammed, Osama Ishag Mohammed, Salma Bushra Elmagboul and Fahad AlTayeb AlGhazali • Received: March 24, 2016 • Revised: April 26, 2016 • Accepted: April 29, 2016 • Published Online: May 2, 2016 AFFILIATIONS ABSTRACT Intisar Saeed Objective: This study was aimed at elucidating the association between Para Yahia Ali influenza virus 3 (PIV3) and respiratory infections in domestic ruminants in Baraa Ahmed Virology Department, Veterinary Research different areas of Sudan. Institute, P.O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Materials and methods: During 2010-2013, five hundred sixty five lung samples Khartoum, Sudan. #Current address: with signs of pneumonia were collected from cattle (n=226), sheep (n=316) and Northern Border University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Rafha, Saudi Arabia. goats (n=23) from slaughter houses in different areas in Sudan. The existence of PIV3 antigen was screened in the collected samples using ELISA and Fluorescent Khalid Taha antibody technique. PIV3 genome was detected by PCR, and sequence analysis was Atbara Veterinary Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 121 Atbara, River Nile State, conducted. Sudan. Results: Positive results were found in 29 (12.8%) cattle, 31 (9.8%) sheep and 11 (47.8%) goat samples. All the studied areas showed positive results. -
Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans
Synopses Borna Disease Virus Infection in Animals and Humans Jürgen A. Richt,* Isolde Pfeuffer,* Matthias Christ,* Knut Frese,† Karl Bechter,‡ and Sibylle Herzog* *Institut für Virologie, Giessen, Germany; †Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Giessen, Germany; and ‡Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Germany The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neuro- logic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. The etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with unique properties of replication. Data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of BDV in its natural host, the horse. Studies in the Lewis rat have shown that BDV replication does not directly influence vital functions; rather, the disease is caused by a virus-induced T-cell–mediated immune reaction. Because antibodies reactive with BDV have been found in the sera of patients with neuro- psychiatric disorders, this review examines the possible link between BDV and such disorders. Seroepidemiologic and cerebrospinal fluid investigations of psychiatric patients suggest a causal role of BDV infection in human psychiatric disorders. In diagnostically unselected psychiatric patients, the distribution of psychiatric disorders was found to be similar in BDV seropositive and seronegative patients. In addition, BDV-seropositive neurologic patients became ill with lymphocytic meningoencephali- tis. In contrast to others, we found no evidence is reported for BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious BDV in peripheral blood cells of psychiatric patients. Borna disease (BD), first described more predilection for the gray matter of the cerebral than 200 years ago in southern Germany as a hemispheres and the brain stem (8,19). -
Monitoring of Activity and Spread by Using Dead Bird Surveillance in Austria, 2003–2005 S
Monitoring of activity and spread by using dead bird surveillance in Austria, 2003–2005 S. Chvala, T. Bakonyi, C. Bukovsky, T. Meister, K. Brugger, F. Rubel, N. Nowotny, H. Weissenböck To cite this version: S. Chvala, T. Bakonyi, C. Bukovsky, T. Meister, K. Brugger, et al.. Monitoring of activity and spread by using dead bird surveillance in Austria, 2003–2005. Veterinary Microbiology, Elsevier, 2007, 122 (3-4), pp.237. 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.029. hal-00532203 HAL Id: hal-00532203 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00532203 Submitted on 4 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: Monitoring of Usutu Virus activity and spread by using dead bird surveillance in Austria, 2003–2005 Authors: S. Chvala, T. Bakonyi, C. Bukovsky, T. Meister, K. Brugger, F. Rubel, N. Nowotny, H. Weissenbock¨ PII: S0378-1135(07)00066-1 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.029 Reference: VETMIC 3583 To appear in: VETMIC Received date: 25-10-2006 Revised date: 26-1-2007 Accepted date: 31-1-2007 Please cite this article as: Chvala, S., Bakonyi, T., Bukovsky, C., Meister, T., Brugger, K., Rubel, F., Nowotny, N., Weissenbock,¨ H., Monitoring of Usutu Virus activity and spread by using dead bird surveillance in Austria, 2003–2005, Veterinary Microbiology (2007), doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.029 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. -
Virus Pathogen Resource (Vipr) March 2019 New Features in Vipr
Virus Pathogen Resource (ViPR) March 2019 New Features in ViPR New Genome Annotation Tool New RNA Structure Data VIGOR4, a new genome annotation tool is In collaboration with the NIAID-funded Loading Virus Pathogen Database and AnalysisAbout Resource Us Community (ViPR)... Announcements Links Resources Support now available on the Zika virus portal. VIGOR4 Orfeome project, we have released new RNA News & Events (Viral Genome ORF Reader) is developed by structure data for MERS-CoV on the ViPR • June 9-13, 2019: Positive Strand J. Craig Venter Institute. VIGOR 4 predicts site. This new dataset is generated as part RNA Viruses, Killarney, Ireland. Oral protein sequences encoded in a viral of the effort to identify, characterize and presentation. genomes by sequences similarity searching then determine the role of uncharacterized against curated viral protein databases. viral genesSearch that may function to auto- Analyze• July 21-25, 2019: Annual Conference Save to Workbench regulate virus replication efficiency and host In the next few releases, we will enhance the Search our comprehensive database for: Analyzeon Intelligent data online: Systems for Molecular Use your workbench to: responses. The structure data is predicted Biology, Basel, Switzerland. current VIGOR4 implementation and make it Sequences & strains Sequence Alignment Store and share data available for other virus familes. using SHAPE chemical reactivity data (PMID: 22475022Immune). epitopes • AugustPhylogenetic 4-9, T2019:ree 24th International Combine working sets 3D protein -
Risk Groups: Viruses (C) 1988, American Biological Safety Association
Rev.: 1.0 Risk Groups: Viruses (c) 1988, American Biological Safety Association BL RG RG RG RG RG LCDC-96 Belgium-97 ID Name Viral group Comments BMBL-93 CDC NIH rDNA-97 EU-96 Australia-95 HP AP (Canada) Annex VIII Flaviviridae/ Flavivirus (Grp 2 Absettarov, TBE 4 4 4 implied 3 3 4 + B Arbovirus) Acute haemorrhagic taxonomy 2, Enterovirus 3 conjunctivitis virus Picornaviridae 2 + different 70 (AHC) Adenovirus 4 Adenoviridae 2 2 (incl animal) 2 2 + (human,all types) 5 Aino X-Arboviruses 6 Akabane X-Arboviruses 7 Alastrim Poxviridae Restricted 4 4, Foot-and- 8 Aphthovirus Picornaviridae 2 mouth disease + viruses 9 Araguari X-Arboviruses (feces of children 10 Astroviridae Astroviridae 2 2 + + and lambs) Avian leukosis virus 11 Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 3 (wild strain) + (ALV) 3, (Rous 12 Avian sarcoma virus Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 sarcoma virus, + RSV wild strain) 13 Baculovirus Viral vector/Animal virus 1 + Togaviridae/ Alphavirus (Grp 14 Barmah Forest 2 A Arbovirus) 15 Batama X-Arboviruses 16 Batken X-Arboviruses Togaviridae/ Alphavirus (Grp 17 Bebaru virus 2 2 2 2 + A Arbovirus) 18 Bhanja X-Arboviruses 19 Bimbo X-Arboviruses Blood-borne hepatitis 20 viruses not yet Unclassified viruses 2 implied 2 implied 3 (**)D 3 + identified 21 Bluetongue X-Arboviruses 22 Bobaya X-Arboviruses 23 Bobia X-Arboviruses Bovine 24 immunodeficiency Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 3 (wild strain) + virus (BIV) 3, Bovine Bovine leukemia 25 Viral vector/Animal retrovirus 1 lymphosarcoma + virus (BLV) virus wild strain Bovine papilloma Papovavirus/ -
Arenaviridae Astroviridae Filoviridae Flaviviridae Hantaviridae
Hantaviridae 0.7 Filoviridae 0.6 Picornaviridae 0.3 Wenling red spikefish hantavirus Rhinovirus C Ahab virus * Possum enterovirus * Aronnax virus * * Wenling minipizza batfish hantavirus Wenling filefish filovirus Norway rat hunnivirus * Wenling yellow goosefish hantavirus Starbuck virus * * Porcine teschovirus European mole nova virus Human Marburg marburgvirus Mosavirus Asturias virus * * * Tortoise picornavirus Egyptian fruit bat Marburg marburgvirus Banded bullfrog picornavirus * Spanish mole uluguru virus Human Sudan ebolavirus * Black spectacled toad picornavirus * Kilimanjaro virus * * * Crab-eating macaque reston ebolavirus Equine rhinitis A virus Imjin virus * Foot and mouth disease virus Dode virus * Angolan free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * * Human cosavirus E Seoul orthohantavirus Little free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * African bat icavirus A Tigray hantavirus Human Zaire ebolavirus * Saffold virus * Human choclo virus *Little collared fruit bat ebolavirus Peleg virus * Eastern red scorpionfish picornavirus * Reed vole hantavirus Human bundibugyo ebolavirus * * Isla vista hantavirus * Seal picornavirus Human Tai forest ebolavirus Chicken orivirus Paramyxoviridae 0.4 * Duck picornavirus Hepadnaviridae 0.4 Bildad virus Ned virus Tiger rockfish hepatitis B virus Western African lungfish picornavirus * Pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus * European eel hepatitis B virus Bluegill picornavirus Nemo virus * Carp picornavirus * African cichlid hepatitis B virus Triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus * * Fathead minnow picornavirus -
Genomics and Structure/Function Studies of Rhabdoviridae Proteins Involved in Replication and Transcription
Genomics and structure/function studies of Rhabdoviridae proteins involved in replication and transcription. R. Assenberg, O Delmas, B Morin, C Graham, X de Lamballerie, C Laubert, B Coutard, J Grimes, J Neyts, R J Owens, et al. To cite this version: R. Assenberg, O Delmas, B Morin, C Graham, X de Lamballerie, et al.. Genomics and struc- ture/function studies of Rhabdoviridae proteins involved in replication and transcription.. Antivi- ral Research, Elsevier Masson, 2010, 87 (2), pp.149-61. 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.322. pasteur- 01492926 HAL Id: pasteur-01492926 https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01492926 Submitted on 21 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - ShareAlike| 4.0 International License *Manuscript Genomics and structure/function studies of Rhabdoviridae proteins involved in replication and transcription R. Assenberg1, O. Delmas2, B. Morin3, S. C. Graham1, X. De Lamballerie4, C. Laubert5, B. Coutard3, J. M. Grimes1, J. Neyts6, R. J. Owens1, -
Virology Techniques
Chapter 5 - Lesson 4 Virology Techniques Introduction Virology is a field within microbiology that encom- passes the study of viruses and the diseases they cause. In the laboratory, viruses have served as useful tools to better understand cellular mechanisms. The purpose of this lesson is to provide a general overview of laboratory techniques used in the identification and study of viruses. A Brief History In the late 19th century the independent work of Dimitri Ivanofsky and Martinus Beijerinck marked the begin- This electron micrograph depicts an influenza virus ning of the field of virology. They showed that the agent particle or virion. CDC. responsible for causing a serious disease in tobacco plants, tobacco mosaic virus, was able to pass through filters known to retain bacteria and the filtrate was able to cause disease in new plants. In 1898, Friedrich Loef- fler and Paul Frosch applied the filtration criteria to a disease in cattle known as foot and mouth disease. The filtration criteria remained the standard method used to classify an agent as a virus for nearly 40 years until chemical and physical studies revealed the structural basis of viruses. These attributes have become the ba- sis of many techniques used in the field today. Background All organisms are affected by viruses because viruses are capable of infecting and causing disease in all liv- ing species. Viruses affect plants, humans, and ani- mals as well as bacteria. A virus that infects bacteria is known as a bacteriophage and is considered the Bacteriophage. CDC. Chapter 5 - Human Health: Real Life Example (Influenza) 1 most abundant biological entity on the planet.