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Digiost 12.Indb Contents List of Maps, Tables and Figures ����������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Maps ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Tables ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10 Figures ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 Preface �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Chapter 1� Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 (a) Ethnic maps as instruments and their different roles – a general overview �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 (b) Methods of investigation ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 34 (c) The region examined ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 (d) The perception(s) of nationality in the Balkan Peninsula ��������������� 40 (e) The influence of Western science and political goals ������������������������ 47 Chapter 2� Ethnic Maps and their Background (1840s–1920s) ���������������� 53 (a) The first generation of ethnic maps (1840s–1870s) – the emergence of Slavs �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 53 (b) The second generation – growing rivalry and diversifying approaches during the Great Eastern Crisis ���������������� 79 (c) From the turn of the century to the First World War – from science to propaganda �������������������������������������������������������������� 109 Chapter 3� Data Reliability and Visualization Methods ��������������������������� 133 (a) Visualization techniques �������������������������������������������������������������������� 134 (b) Criticism of data reliability and its interpretations ������������������������� 150 (c) The complexity of identity – problems of comparison (measuring migration and ethnic changes) ������������������������������������� 208 (d) Summary ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 Chapter 4� Maps �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 231 Appendix� List of Historical Maps �������������������������������������������������������������� 281 DigiOst 12 | 5 Contents Bibliography �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 293 (a) Archival and printed sources ������������������������������������������������������������� 293 (b) Literature ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 294 DigiOst 12 | 6 List of Maps, Tables and Figures Maps Map 1� A part of Müller’s sketch map ����������������������������������������������������������� 59 Map 2� Parts of the sketch map of Hahn (1861) ������������������������������������������ 66 Map 3� Romanians in Serbia (1866) ������������������������������������������������������������� 67 Map 4� The plan of Calice (Austrian ambassador to Constantinople) from 1896 ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 107 Map 5� Ethnographic distribution of the population of Macedonia ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 109 Map 6� A simplified ethnic map of the Balkans for Hungarian military officers ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 116 Map 7� The linguistic map of Belić in the Balkans ������������������������������������ 117 Map 8� A simplified sketch map of the evolution of Cvijic’s ideas ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 121 Map 9� The ethnic map of Chekrezi, on the southern border of Albania, in 1913 ���������������������������������������������� 139 Map 10� Schultze-Jena’s map from the last years of Ottoman rule, published in 1927 ����������������������������������������������������������������� 140 Map 11� Hasluck’s map from 1930, showing ethnic diversity in Macedonia in 1923 ��������������������������������������� 140 Map 12� Ethnic/religious map of European Turkey based on the census of 1906 ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 209 Map 13a� Kaza-level administrative map of Tuna and Edirne Vilayets after 1878 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 232 Map 13b� Kaza-level administrative map of Macedonian vilayets after 1900 �������������������������������������������������������������� 233 Map 14a� Kaza-level ethnographic map of Tuna and Edirne Vilayets after 1831 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 234 Map 14b� Kaza-level ethnographic map of Tuna and Edirne Vilayets after 1831 ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 235 Map 15� Ethnic map of Macedonia prior to 1878 (Extrait) �������������������� 236 Map 16� Ethnographic map of North-Macedonia (Kosovo Vilayet) before 1878 (Austrian version) ������������������������������������������������������������������� 237 DigiOst 12 | 7 List of Maps, Tables and Figures Map 17� Ethnic map of South-Macedonia prior to 1878 (English version) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 238 Map 18� Ethnic map of South-Macedonia in 1903 (Ottoman version) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 239 Map 19� Ethnic map of Macedonia prior to 1878 (based on the Ottoman census) ������������������������������������������������������������������ 240 Map 20� Ethnic map of Macedonia in 1881 (based on the Ottoman census) ������������������������������������������������������������������ 241 Map 21� Ethnographic patch map of Macedonia, cca� 1878 (Austrian version – Sax) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 242 Map 22� Ethnographic patch map of Macedonia, cca� 1900 (Austrian version) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 243 Map 23� Religious patch map of Macedonia, cca� 1900 (Austrian version) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 244 Map 24� Kaza-level religious pie chart map of Macedonia, cca� 1900 (Austrian version) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 245 Map 25� Kaza-level ethnic pie chart map of Macedonia, cca� 1900 (Austrian version) ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 246 Map 26� Christian schools in Macedonia, cca� 1900 �������������������������������� 247 Map 27� Churches and schools in Macedonia, cca� 1900 (based on Phocas-Cosmetatos) ������������������������������������������������� 248 Map 28� Ethnographic distribution of the population in Saloniki Vilayet (Gopčević, 1889) �������������������������������������������������������������� 249 Map 29� Ethno-religious distribution of the population in Macedonia (based on Kănchov’s trip in 1894) ������������������������������������� 250 Map 30� Ethnographic distribution of the population in Macedonia according to Nikolaides (1899) ���������������������������������������������� 251 Map 31� Ethnographic distribution of the population in Macedonia according to Ivanov (1912) ����������������������������������������������������� 252 Map 32� Majority patch map of Macedonia from 1905 (Austrian) �������� 253 Map 33� Ethnic distribution of the Christian population according to R� von Mach (1906) �������������������������������������������������������������� 254 Map 34� Religious distribution of the population in Tuna and Edirne Vilayets, cca� 1873 ����������������������������������������������������������� 255 Map 35� Ethnic distribution of the population in Edirne Vilayet, cca� 1873 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 256 DigiOst 12 | 8 Maps Map 36� Ethno-religious distribution of the urban population in Tuna and Edirne Vilayets, cca� 1874 ������������������������������������������������������ 257 Map 37� Religious distribution of the Christian population in Macedonia and Thrace (Syllogos and the Greek Patriarchate, 1878) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 258 Map 38� Language distribution of the Christian population in Macedonia and Thrace (Syllogos and the Greek Patriarchate, 1878) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 258 Map 39� Ethnic distribution of the urban population in Tuna Vilayet before 1878 ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 259 Map 40� Significance and central function of towns in Tuna Vilayet, 1876 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 260 Map 41� Churches and mosques in the towns of Tuna Vilayet, 1876 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 261 Map 42� Inns (han) and baths (hamam) in the towns of Tuna Vilayet, 1876 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 262 Map 43� Stores and bazaar shops in the towns of Tuna Vilayet, 1876 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 263 Map 44� Religious distribution of the population in Edirne
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