2003 List of Attachments
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FCC-06-11A1.Pdf
Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-11 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 05-255 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: February 10, 2006 Released: March 3, 2006 Comment Date: April 3, 2006 Reply Comment Date: April 18, 2006 By the Commission: Chairman Martin, Commissioners Copps, Adelstein, and Tate issuing separate statements. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Scope of this Report......................................................................................................................... 2 B. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2005 ................................................................................... 4 2. General Findings ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. Specific Findings....................................................................................................................... 8 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING ......... 27 A. Cable Television Service .............................................................................................................. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 05-13 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 in the Matter Of
Federal Communications Commission FCC 05-13 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 04-227 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: January 14, 2005 Released: February 4, 2005 By the Commission: Chairman Powell issuing a statement; Commissioners Copps and Adelstein concurring and issuing a joint statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................1 A. Scope of this Report..................................................................................................................2 B. Summary of Findings ..............................................................................................................4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2004 ...................................................................4 2 General Findings .........................................................................................................7 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING......16 A. Cable Television Service.......................................................................................................16 1. General Performance.................................................................................................17 2. Capital Acquisition and Disposition.........................................................................33 -
Development of Satellite Communication
satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide. Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself. A typical satellite link involves the transmission or uplinking of a signal from an Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and reamplified by Earth stations and terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and handheld devices. Development of satellite communication The idea of communicating through a satellite first appeared in the short story titled “The Brick Moon,” written by the American clergyman and author Edward Everett Hale and published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1869–70. The story describes the construction and launch into Earth orbit of a satellite 200 feet (60 metres) in diameter and made of bricks. The brick moon aided mariners in navigation, as people sent Morse code signals back to Earth by jumping up and down on the satellite’s surface. The first practical concept of satellite communication was proposed by 27-year-old Royal Air Force officer Arthur C. Clarke in a paper titled “Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?” published in the October 1945 issue of Wireless World. -
Satellite Communication
Satellite Communication Fig.No. LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Fig.1 Geostationary orbit 6 Fig.2 Low Earth Orbit 7 Fig.3 Transponders 10 Fig.4 Power subsystems 11 Fig.5 Basic operation 12 Dept of ECE Page 1 Satellite Communication 1. INTRODUCTION A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space. Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites orbit Earth. Some take pictures of the planet that help meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some take pictures of other planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or faraway galaxies. These pictures help scientists better understand the solar system and universe. Still other satellites are used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV signals and phone calls around the world. 1.1 IMPORTANCE The bird's-eye view that satellites have allows them to see large areas of Earth at one time. This ability means satellites can collect more data, more quickly, than instruments on the ground. Satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at Earth's surface. That's because satellites fly above the clouds, dust and molecules in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level. Dept of ECE Page 2 Satellite Communication 1.2 TYPES OF SATELLITE Natural satellite: Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. -
Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad Positive and Negative
Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad 195 UDC 070 Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad Assistant Professor, Sudan E-mail: [email protected] Positive And Negative Characteristics Of DBS TV Channels On Audience: Case study on Sudanese Viewers This study was on the positive and negative effects of the DBS TV channels on Sudanese viewers. The sample of the study represented the viewers who watch the DBS programs in Khartoum (capital of Sudan). It found that there are some positive and negative effects of the DBS viewers. The problem of communication in the third world countries could be tackled by applying modern technology and urging these governments in providing sufficient finance for media. The negative impacts of the DBS TV channels issue could be solved by producing high quality of TV products and activation of the media education among viewers. Keywords: positive and negative effects, communication, media education. Иба Ахмед Эль-Тигани ОМЕР Авад «DBS ТВ» жағымды жəне жағымсыз сипаттамасы: Судан көрермендері мысалында Мақалада DBS телеарнасы бағдарламаларының судандық телекөрермендерге оң жəне кері əсерін зерттел- ген. Судан астанасы Хартум қаласындағы DBS телеарнасы бағдарламаларының көрермендерін зерттеу негізге алынған. Соның нəтижесінде DBS телеарнасының көрермендерге оң жəне кері əсері бар екені анықталды. Үшінші əлем елдеріндегі мұндай мəселелердің шешімі заманауи технологиялар мен үкіметті БАҚ- ты жеткілікті қаржыландыруға шақыру арқылы, сонымен қатар DBS телеарналарының кері əсерін телеөнімдер сапасын жақсарту жəне көрермендер арасында медиа білім беруді дамыту арқылы шешуге болатыны көрсетілген. Түйін сөздер: оң жəне кері əсер, коммуникация, медиа білім беру. Ибаа Ахмед Эль-Тигани ОМЕР Авад Положительные и отрицательные характеристики DBS ТВ: Кейс-стади суданских зрителей Данная статья содержит исследование положительных и отрицательных эффектов влияния телеканалов DBS (Судан) на зрителей. -
Satellite Television
Satellite television Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.[1] The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna commonly referred to as a satellite dish and a low-noise block downconverter. A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television program for viewing on a television set. Receivers can be external set-top boxes, or a built-in television tuner. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services. It is usually the only television available in many remote geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television service. Modern systems signals are relayed from a communications satellite on the X band (8–12 GHz) or Ku band (12–18 GHz) frequencies requiring only a small dish less than a meter in diameter.[2] The first satellite TV systems were an obsolete type now known as television receive-only. These systems received weaker analog signals transmitted in the C-band (4–8 GHz) from FSS type satellites, requiring the use of large 2–3-meter dishes. Consequently, these systems were nicknamed "big dish" systems, and were more expensive and less popular.[3] Early systems used analog signals, but modern ones use digital signals which allow transmission of the modern television standard high-definition television, due to the significantly improved spectral efficiency of digital broadcasting. As of 2018, Star One C2 from Brazil is the only remaining satellite broadcasting in analog signals, as well as one channel (C-SPAN) on AMC-11 from the United States.[4] Different receivers are required for the two types.