DOCSLIB.ORG

Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad Positive and Negative

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad 195 UDC 070 Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad Assistant Professor, Sudan E-mail: [email protected] Positive And Negative Characteristics Of DBS TV Channels On Audience: Case study on Sudanese Viewers This study was on the positive and negative effects of the DBS TV channels on Sudanese viewers. The sample of the study represented the viewers who watch the DBS programs in Khartoum (capital of Sudan). It found that there are some positive and negative effects of the DBS viewers. The problem of communication in the third world countries could be tackled by applying modern technology and urging these governments in providing sufficient finance for media. The negative impacts of the DBS TV channels issue could be solved by producing high quality of TV products and activation of the media education among viewers. Keywords: positive and negative effects, communication, media education. Иба Ахмед Эль-Тигани ОМЕР Авад «DBS ТВ» жағымды жəне жағымсыз сипаттамасы: Судан көрермендері мысалында Мақалада DBS телеарнасы бағдарламаларының судандық телекөрермендерге оң жəне кері əсерін зерттел- ген. Судан астанасы Хартум қаласындағы DBS телеарнасы бағдарламаларының көрермендерін зерттеу негізге алынған. Соның нəтижесінде DBS телеарнасының көрермендерге оң жəне кері əсері бар екені анықталды. Үшінші əлем елдеріндегі мұндай мəселелердің шешімі заманауи технологиялар мен үкіметті БАҚ- ты жеткілікті қаржыландыруға шақыру арқылы, сонымен қатар DBS телеарналарының кері əсерін телеөнімдер сапасын жақсарту жəне көрермендер арасында медиа білім беруді дамыту арқылы шешуге болатыны көрсетілген. Түйін сөздер: оң жəне кері əсер, коммуникация, медиа білім беру. Ибаа Ахмед Эль-Тигани ОМЕР Авад Положительные и отрицательные характеристики DBS ТВ: Кейс-стади суданских зрителей Данная статья содержит исследование положительных и отрицательных эффектов влияния телеканалов DBS (Судан) на зрителей. Автор отмечает, что проблема общения в странах третьего мира может быть решена путем применения современных технологий, путем создания высокого качества телевизионной продукции и активации медиаобразования среди зрителей. Ключевые слова: положительные и отрицательные эффекты, коммуникация, медиаобразование. Introduction This study is concerned with communication satellites which play a great role in sending and Satellites are considered as modern innovation exchanging of the information through TV channels. in the fi eld of communication. Scientists exerted They also help in sending radio transmission. great efforts to make communication among people Newspapers can also be printed and published in easy through satellites. TV channels benefi t from several cities of the world simultaneously by the satellites by sending messages to their targeted help of satellites. audience. Satellites are placed in the outer space in ISSN 1563-0242 KazNU Bulletin. Journalism series. №1 (35). 2014 196 Positive And Negative Characteristics Of DBS TV Channels On Audience: case study on Sudanese Viewers geosynchronous orbit in a speed allows them to state beside they illustrate similarities among match exactly the same speed of Earth’s rotation, so different cultures in Sudan. that their stationary in relation to any point on Earth. The sample of this study was chosen from the DBS TV programs can create impacts on their viewers of the DBS TV channels who own receiving viewers in all fi elds of life. The impacts of TV sets in Khartoum- the capital of Sudan. programs on the viewers may be positive or negative. Objectives of Study These effects are not only on the third world viewers This study aims at some objectives, which are but also on those who live in the developed counties. as follows: There are two types of communication satellites, Measuring the positive and negative effects of the fi rst ones are the indirect communication the DBS TV channels on Sudanese viewers. satellites. It requires ground stations though Specifying the types of positive and negative which messages are sent and distributed to the impacts of the DBS TV channels. other destinations. The second ones are the Direct Allocation of means of tackling the negative Broadcasting Satellites (DBS) by which massages effects of the DBS TV channels on Sudanese can be sent directly to TV to reach viewers by viewers. receiving sets without using ground stations. Questions of the Study There are a number of communication satellites Questions of this study are: systems in the world. The most important ones are What are the positive and negative effects of the Interest and Comsat which are established by the DBS TV channels on Sudanese viewers? US as international systems and Eurosat which is How can viewers benefi t from the positive placed on the orbit by European nations. There are effects of the DBS TV channels? also regional ones such as Arabsat and Afrosat. 3-What the ways of tackling the negative Necessity of the Study impacts of the DBS TV channels? The importance of this study comes from the Methodology Of the Study necessity of the DBS TV channels because it is The study chose the historic and descriptive considered as an effi cient tool of conveying and research methodology beside the questionnaire exchange of information. which was distributed to the sample to reach some This type of communication can promote the results. values of accuracy and quickness in news receiving. Sample of the Study The communication message can be clear for the This study was on the positive and negative audience the DBS TV channels because TV is an effects of the DBS TV channels on Sudanese viewers audio–visual medium. who watch DBS programs in Khartoum (capital of This study is on the DBS TV channels which Sudan). Some 100 persons represented the sample reach home directly, applied study on Sudanese beside another one of decision makers of Sudanese audience who live in Khartoum. This type of media. communication plays a prominent role in the fi eld Terms of the Study of communication connectivity in Sudan. There are some terms which are used in any Problem of the Study study. This study has . The DBS TV channels have become dominant International communication in the market of the media in the world because It (referred to as global communication or they are available and can reach viewers all over the transnational communication) is the communication world easily. practice that occurs across international borders [1]. The DBS TV channels also play a great role in As a fi eld of study, the international commu- the political, economic and social fi elds. They also nication is a branch of communication studies, promote the social development and apply types concerning with the scope of «government-to- of entertainment through fi lms, series, interviews, government», «business-to-business», and «people- political programs. to-people» interactions at a global level [2]. The DBS TV channels and their refl ections are International communication «encompasses considered as a phenomenon in such country like political, economic, social, cultural and military Sudan which has varieties of the politics, culture, concerns». economics and ethnicity. They also can activate the 2-Communication Satellites building of the national integration and the national A communications satellite or what it is called ҚазҰУ хабаршысы. Журналистика сериясы. №1 (35). 2014 Ibaa Ahmed El-Tigani Omer Awad 197 Comsat is an artifi cial satellite sent to space for feeds for network and syndicated programming, the purpose of Telecommunications. Modern live shots, and backhauls), as well as being used communications satellites use a variety of orbits for distance learning by schools and universities, including geostationary orbits, Molniya orbits, business television (BTV), Videoconferencing, and elliptical orbits and low (polar and non-polar Earth general commercial telecommunications. orbits). FSS satellites are also used to distribute national For fi xed (point-to-point) services, communi- cable channels to cable television headends. cations satellites provide a microwave radio relay Free-to-air satellite TV channels are also technology complementary to that of communication usually distributed on FSS satellites in the Ku band. cables. The Intelsat Americas 5, Galaxy 10R and AMC They are also used for mobile applications 3 satellites over North America provide a quite such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes large amount of FTA channels on their Ku band and hand-held terminals, and for TV and radio transponders. broadcasting. The American Dish Network DBS service DBS TV channels has also recently utilized FSS technology as well The Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) is a for their programming packages requiring their term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts SuperDish antenna, due to Dish Network needing intended for home reception. more capacity to carry local television stations per A designation broader than the DBS would be the FCC’s «must-carry» regulations, and for more direct-to-home signals, or DTH. This has initially bandwidth to carry HDTV channels. distinguished the transmissions directly intended A Direct Broadcast Satellite is a communica tions for home viewers from cable television distribution satellite that transmits to small DBS satellite dishes services that sometimes carried on the same satellite. (usually 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in diameter). The term DTH predates DBS and is often used Direct broadcast satellites generally operate in the in reference to services carried by lower power upper portion of the microwave
Recommended publications
  • FCC-06-11A1.Pdf

    FCC-06-11A1.Pdf

    Federal Communications Commission FCC 06-11 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 05-255 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: February 10, 2006 Released: March 3, 2006 Comment Date: April 3, 2006 Reply Comment Date: April 18, 2006 By the Commission: Chairman Martin, Commissioners Copps, Adelstein, and Tate issuing separate statements. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Scope of this Report......................................................................................................................... 2 B. Summary.......................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2005 ................................................................................... 4 2. General Findings ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. Specific Findings....................................................................................................................... 8 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING ......... 27 A. Cable Television Service ..............................................................................................................
  • Federal Communications Commission FCC 05-13 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 in the Matter Of

    Federal Communications Commission FCC 05-13 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 in the Matter Of

    Federal Communications Commission FCC 05-13 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of Competition ) MB Docket No. 04-227 in the Market for the Delivery of Video ) Programming ) ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT Adopted: January 14, 2005 Released: February 4, 2005 By the Commission: Chairman Powell issuing a statement; Commissioners Copps and Adelstein concurring and issuing a joint statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................1 A. Scope of this Report..................................................................................................................2 B. Summary of Findings ..............................................................................................................4 1. The Current State of Competition: 2004 ...................................................................4 2 General Findings .........................................................................................................7 II. COMPETITORS IN THE MARKET FOR THE DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING......16 A. Cable Television Service.......................................................................................................16 1. General Performance.................................................................................................17 2. Capital Acquisition and Disposition.........................................................................33

  • Development of Satellite Communication

    satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide. Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself. A typical satellite link involves the transmission or uplinking of a signal from an Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and reamplified by Earth stations and terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and handheld devices. Development of satellite communication The idea of communicating through a satellite first appeared in the short story titled “The Brick Moon,” written by the American clergyman and author Edward Everett Hale and published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1869–70. The story describes the construction and launch into Earth orbit of a satellite 200 feet (60 metres) in diameter and made of bricks. The brick moon aided mariners in navigation, as people sent Morse code signals back to Earth by jumping up and down on the satellite’s surface. The first practical concept of satellite communication was proposed by 27-year-old Royal Air Force officer Arthur C. Clarke in a paper titled “Extra-Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?” published in the October 1945 issue of Wireless World.

  • Satellite Communication

    Satellite Communication Fig.No. LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Fig.1 Geostationary orbit 6 Fig.2 Low Earth Orbit 7 Fig.3 Transponders 10 Fig.4 Power subsystems 11 Fig.5 Basic operation 12 Dept of ECE Page 1 Satellite Communication 1. INTRODUCTION A satellite is a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star. For example, Earth is a satellite because it orbits the sun. Likewise, the moon is a satellite because it orbits Earth. Usually, the word "satellite" refers to a machine that is launched into space and moves around Earth or another body in space. Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites. Thousands of artificial, or man-made, satellites orbit Earth. Some take pictures of the planet that help meteorologists predict weather and track hurricanes. Some take pictures of other planets, the sun, black holes, dark matter or faraway galaxies. These pictures help scientists better understand the solar system and universe. Still other satellites are used mainly for communications, such as beaming TV signals and phone calls around the world. 1.1 IMPORTANCE The bird's-eye view that satellites have allows them to see large areas of Earth at one time. This ability means satellites can collect more data, more quickly, than instruments on the ground. Satellites also can see into space better than telescopes at Earth's surface. That's because satellites fly above the clouds, dust and molecules in the atmosphere that can block the view from ground level. Dept of ECE Page 2 Satellite Communication 1.2 TYPES OF SATELLITE Natural satellite: Earth and the moon are examples of natural satellites.
  • 2003 List of Attachments

    2003 List of Attachments

    Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Annual Assessment of the Status of ) MB Docket No. 03-172 Competition in the Market for the Delivery ) Of Video Programming ) LIST OF ATTACHMENTS A. SBCA Press Release: Satellite Television Viewer Satisfaction Continues to Rise, May 20, 2003 B. SBCA Press Release: U.S. DBS Satellite Television Subscribers Top 20 Million Mark, August 20, 2003 C. List of markets where local-into-local service is available via DBS (as of 9/11/03) D. DIRECTV Press Release: DIRECTV Names 39 New Local Channel Markets, March 19, 2003 E. DISH Network Press Release: Dish Network Satellite TV Names 42 New Local Channel Markets for 2003, May 1, 2003 F. J.D. Power and Associates Press Release: J.D. Power and Associates 2003 Residential Cable/Satellite TV Customer Satisfaction Study SM, August 19, 2003 Satellite Broadcasting and 225 Reinekers Lane Communications Association Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22314 September 11, 2003 (703) 549-6990 ATTACHMENT A Satellite Broadcasting and 225 Reinekers Lane Communications Association Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22314 September 11, 2003 (703) 549-6990 SATELLITE BROADCASTING AND COMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION 225 Reinekers Lane · Alexandria, VA 22314 · 703.549.6990 Fax:703.549-7640 · www.sbca.org Contact: Robert Udowitz 703.739.8351 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE SATELLITE TELEVISION SUBSCRIBER SATISFACTION CONTINUES TO RISE TAYLOR RESEARCH UNVEILS SURVEY DATA AT SPRING SKYFORUM Focus on Customer Needs Has Fueled Growth in DBS Industry NEW YORK, May 20, 2003 – An expanding product line, quality services and competitive pricing continue to remain the key to customer satisfaction and retention in the direct broadcast satellite industry, according to a survey of current DBS subscribers released today by the Taylor Research & Consulting Group during SkyFORUM, the satellite service industry’s top financial symposium held in New York.
  • Satellite Television

    Satellite Television

    Satellite television Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.[1] The signals are received via an outdoor parabolic antenna commonly referred to as a satellite dish and a low-noise block downconverter. A satellite receiver then decodes the desired television program for viewing on a television set. Receivers can be external set-top boxes, or a built-in television tuner. Satellite television provides a wide range of channels and services. It is usually the only television available in many remote geographic areas without terrestrial television or cable television service. Modern systems signals are relayed from a communications satellite on the X band (8–12 GHz) or Ku band (12–18 GHz) frequencies requiring only a small dish less than a meter in diameter.[2] The first satellite TV systems were an obsolete type now known as television receive-only. These systems received weaker analog signals transmitted in the C-band (4–8 GHz) from FSS type satellites, requiring the use of large 2–3-meter dishes. Consequently, these systems were nicknamed "big dish" systems, and were more expensive and less popular.[3] Early systems used analog signals, but modern ones use digital signals which allow transmission of the modern television standard high-definition television, due to the significantly improved spectral efficiency of digital broadcasting. As of 2018, Star One C2 from Brazil is the only remaining satellite broadcasting in analog signals, as well as one channel (C-SPAN) on AMC-11 from the United States.[4] Different receivers are required for the two types.