Understanding the Hazardous Waste Rules a Handbook for Small Businesses—1996 Update

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United States Solid Waste EPA530-K-95-001 Environmental Protection and Emergency Response April Agency 5305W 1EPA Understanding the Hazardous Waste Rules A Handbook for Small Businesses—1996 Update

2Recycled/Recyclable Printed with soy/canola ink on paper that contains at least 20% recycled fiber TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DECIDING WHETHER HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS APPLY TO YOU

2 Defining Hazardous Waste 3 Identifying Your Waste 4 Finding Your Generator Category

6 REQUIREMENTS FOR CONDITIONALLY EXEMPT SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS

7 REQUIREMENTS FOR SMALL QUANTITY GENERATORS

7 Obtaining an EPA Identification Number

10 Managing Hazardous Waste On Site

10 Accumulating Your Waste 12 Treating Your Waste to Meet the Land Disposal Restrictions 13 Preventing Accidents 13 Responding to Emergencies

15 Shipping Waste Off Site

15 Selecting a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility 15 Labeling Waste Shipments 16 Preparing Hazardous Waste Manifests 17 Land Disposal Restrictions Reporting Requirements 17 Export Notification

18 SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS FOR LARGE QUANTITY GENERATORS

19 WHERE TO GET MORE HELP

19 Appendix A: State Hazardous Waste Management Agencies 24 Appendix B: EPA and Other Federal Resource Centers 25 Appendix C: EPA Regional Contacts INTRODUCTION

oes your business generate Each category of generator must Dhazardous waste? Many small comply with the hazardous waste businesses do. If you need help rules specific to that category. This TIP understanding which federal haz- handbook is intended primarily for ardous waste management regulations businesses that generate a small ou can look up unfamiliar apply to your business, this handbook quantity of hazardous waste (SQGs Y words or phrases on a list of is for you. It has been prepared by the and CESQGs) to help them learn definitions found on the inside U.S. Environmental Protection about regulations that apply to back cover of this booklet. Agency (EPA) to help small business them. owners and operators understand how best to comply with federal hazardous This handbook only explains the fed- waste management regulations. This eral requirements for hazardous waste OR ORE handbook provides an overview of the management. Many states have their F M regulations to give you a basic under- own hazardous waste regulations INFORMATION standing of your responsibilities. It is based on the federal hazardous waste not a complete description of the regulations. In some of these states, If you have questions hazardous waste management require- the requirements are the same as the ments and should not be used as a federal standards and definitions. about any part of this substitute for the actual regulations. Other states, however, have devel- book, or the federal All of the federal hazardous waste oped more stringent requirements hazardous waste regulations are located in Title 40 of than the federal program. If this is the Code of Federal Regulations the case in your state, you must regulations, call the (CFR), Parts 260 to 299. comply with the state regulations. To RCRA Hotline at become familiar with your state’s EPA defines three categories of haz- requirements, consult your state 703 412-9810 or TDD ardous waste generators based upon hazardous waste agency listed on 703 412-3323 in the the quantity of hazardous waste they pages 19-23. generate per month: Washington, DC, area This handbook provides a general (1) Conditionally exempt small or at 800 424-9346 or overview of the hazardous waste quantity generators (CESQGs), generator regulations and should not TDD 800 533-7672 which generate less than 220 lbs be used as a substitute for the actual (100 kg) per month. from other locations. requirements. (2) Small quantity generators (SQGs), which generate between 220 lbs (100 kg) and 2,200 (1,000 kg) per month. (3) Large quantity generators (LQGs), which generate more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per month.

1 DECIDING Defining Hazardous Waste WHETHER TIP HAZARDOUS waste is any solid, liquid, or WASTE A contained gaseous material that ne way to help determine if is discarded by being disposed of, Oyour waste exhibits a char- REGULATIONS burned or incinerated, or recycled. acteristic is to check the Material (There are some exceptions for Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that APPLY TO YOU recycled materials.) It can be the by- comes with all products contain- product of a manufacturing process or ing hazardous materials. In Federal hazardous waste simply a commercial product that you addition, your national trade asso- management regulations use in your business—such as a clean- ciation or its local chapter might ing fluid or battery acid—that is be able to help you. apply to most businesses being disposed of. Even materials that that generate hazardous are recyclable or can be reused in waste. To determine if some way (such as burning used oil for fuel) may be considered waste. Ł It corrodes metals or has a very these regulations apply to high or low pH. This is known as your business, you must Hazardous waste can be one of two a corrosive waste. Examples are first determine if you even types: rust removers, acid or alkaline cleaning fluids, generate hazardous waste. Ⅲ Listed waste. Your waste is considered and battery acid. hazardous if it appears on one of four lists published in the Code of Federal Ł It is unstable and explodes or Regulations (40 CFR Part 261). produces toxic fumes, gases, and Currently, more than 400 wastes are vapors when mixed with water or listed. Wastes are listed as hazardous under other conditions such as because they are known to be harmful heat or pressure. This is known as to human health and the environment a reactive waste. Examples are when not managed properly. certain cyanides or sulfide-bearing wastes. Even when managed properly, some listed wastes are so dangerous that Ł It is harmful or fatal when ingest- they are called acutely hazardous ed or absorbed, or it leaches toxic wastes. Examples of acutely hazardous chemicals into the soil or ground wastes include wastes generated from water when disposed of on land. nu Determine if you some pesticides that can be fatal to This is known as a toxic waste. generate hazardous humans even in low doses. Examples are wastes that contain high concentrations of waste in the first place. Ⅲ Characteristic wastes. If your heavy metals, such as waste does not appear on one of nu Measure the amount of cadmium, lead, or mercury. hazardous waste that the hazardous waste lists, it still might be considered hazardous if it you produce per You can determine if your waste is demonstrates one or more of the toxic by having it tested using the month. following characteristics: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching u n Determine your Ł It catches fire under certain con- Procedure (TCLP), or by simply generator category to ditions. This is known as an knowing that your waste is hazardous learn the management ignitable waste. Examples are or that your processes generate haz- requirements that apply paints and certain degreasers ardous waste. to you. and solvents.

2 Identifying Your Waste with these waste streams to determine if your waste is hazardous. Commercial chemical products that are discarded o help you identify some of the waste streams com- might also become hazardous waste. For a complete listing T mon to your business, consult the table below to find of hazardous waste codes, consult with 40 CFR Part 261. a list of typical hazardous wastes generated by small businesses. Use the insert in the middle of this handbook for a If your waste is hazardous, you will need to manage it more detailed listing of the EPA waste codes associated according to appropriate federal regulations.

TYPICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATED BY SMALL BUSINESSES

TYPE OF BUSINESS HOW GENERATED TYPES OF WASTES WASTE CODES TYPICAL

Drycleaning and Commercial drycleaning processes Still residues from solvent distilla- D001, D039, Laundry Plants tion, spent filter cartridges, cooked F002 powder residue

Furniture/Wood Wood cleaning and wax removal, refinish- Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, Manufacturing and ing/stripping, staining, painting, finishing, solvent wastes, paint wastes D001, F001-F005 Refinishing brush cleaning and spray brush cleaning

Construction Paint preparation and painting, carpentry Ignitable wastes, toxic wastes, D001, D002, and floor work, other specialty contracting solvent wastes, paint wastes, used F001-F005 activities, heavy construction, wrecking and oil, acids/bases demolition, vehicle and equipment maintenance for construction activities

Laboratories Diagnostic and other laboratory testing Spent solvents, unused reagents, D001, D002, reaction products, testing samples, D003, F001- contaminated materials F005, U211 Vehicle Maintenance Degreasing, rust removal, paint preparation, Acids/bases, solvents, ignitable D001, D002, spray booth, spray guns, brush cleaning, wastes, toxic wastes, paint wastes, D006, D008, paint removal, tank cleanout, installing lead- batteries F001-F005 acid batteries

Printing and Allied Plate preparation, stencil preparation for screen Acids/bases, heavy metal wastes, D002, D006, Industries printing, photoprocessing, printing, cleanup solvents, toxic wastes, ink D008, F001-F005

Equipment Repair Degreasing, equipment cleaning, rust Acids/bases, toxic wastes, ignitable D001, D002, removal, paint preparation, painting, paint wastes, paint wastes, solvents D006, D008, removal, spray booth, spray guns, and brush F001-F005 cleaning.

Pesticide End- Pesticide application and cleanup Used/unused pesticides, solvent D001, F001- Users/Application wastes, ignitable wastes, contaminat- F005, U129, Services ed soil (from spills), contaminated U136, P094, rinsewater, empty containers P123

Educational and Automobile engine and body repair, metal- Ignitable wastes, solvent wastes, D001, D002, Vocational Shops working, graphic arts-plate preparation, acids/bases, paint wastes F001-F005 woodworking

3 Finding Your Generator weighs about 220 pounds; 300 gal- Category lons of a waste with a density similar to water weighs about 2,200 lbs TIP nce you know that you gener- (1,000 kg). n many cases, small businesses O ate hazardous waste, you need I that fall into different genera- to measure the amount of waste you EPA has established three generator tor categories at different times produce per month. The amount of categories, as follows, each of which is choose to satisfy the more hazardous waste you generate deter- regulated differently: stringent requirements to simpli- mines your generator category. fy compliance. CESQGs: Many hazardous wastes are liquids Conditionally Exempt Small and are measured in gallons—not Quantity Generators: You are con- pounds. In order to measure your liq- sidered a CESQG if you generate no LQGs: uid wastes, you will need to convert more than 220 lbs (100 kg) per Large Quantity Generators: You are from gallons to pounds. To do this, month of hazardous waste. You are considered an LQG if you generate you must know the density of the liq- exempt from hazardous waste man- more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) per uid. A rough guide is that 30 gallons agement regulations provided that month of hazardous waste. LQGs (about half of a 55-gallon drum) of you comply with the basic require- must comply with more extensive waste with a density similar to water ments described on page 6. hazardous waste rules than those summarized in this handbook. See page 18 for an overview. SQGs: Small Quantity Generators: You are WHAT IS YOUR If you are a CESQG and you generate considered an SQG if you generate no more than 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of acute- GENERATOR between 220 and 2,200 lbs (100 ly hazardous waste (or 220 lbs (100 and 1,000 kg) per month of haz- CATEGORY? kg) of acutely hazardous waste spill ardous waste. SQGs must comply residues) in a calendar month, and epending on your type of with EPA requirements for manag- never store more than that amount business, you might be ing hazardous waste described in D for any period of time, you may man- regulated under different rules this document. age the acutely hazardous waste at different times. If, for exam- according to the CESQG require- ple, you generate less than 220 ments. If you generate more than 2.2 lbs (100 kg) of hazardous waste lbs (1kg) of acutely hazardous waste, during the month of June, you you must manage it according to the would be considered a CESQG LQG requirements. for June and your June waste would be subject to the hazardous waste management requirements for CESQGs. If, in July, you generate between 220 and 2,200 lbs (100 kg to 1,000 kg) of hazardous waste, your generator status would change, and you would be considered an SQG for July. Your July waste would then be subject to the management requirements for SQGs.

4 WHAT DO YOU MEASURE TO DETERMINE YOUR GENERATOR CATEGORY?

DO MEASURE: DO NOT MEASURE: Ⅲ Are managed in an “elementary neutralization unit,” a “totally All quantities of listed and charac- Wastes that: enclosed treatment unit,” or a teristic hazardous wastes that are: Ⅲ Are specifically exempted from “wastewater treatment unit,” Ⅲ Accumulated on the property for counting. Examples include without being stored first. (See any period of time before disposal lead-acid batteries that will be definitions for an explanation of or recycling. (Dry cleaners, for reclaimed, scrap metal that will be these types of units.) example, must count any residue recycled, used oil managed under Ⅲ Are discharged directly to publicly removed from machines, as well the used oil provisions of 40 CFR owned treatment works (POTWs) as spent cartridge filters.) 279, and universal wastes (e.g., without being stored or accumulat- Ⅲ Packaged and transported away batteries, pesticides, and ed first. This discharge to a POTW from your business. thermostats) managed under 40 must comply with the Clean Water CFR 273. Act. POTWs are public utilities, Ⅲ Placed directly in a regulated usually owned by the city, county, treatment or disposal unit at your Ⅲ Might be left in the bottom of or state, that treat industrial and place of business. containers that have been thoroughly emptied through domestic sewage for disposal. Ⅲ Generated as still bottoms or conventional means such as Ⅲ Have already been counted once sludges and removed from pouring or pumping. during the calendar month, and product storage tanks. Ⅲ Are left as residue in the bottom are treated on site or reclaimed in of tanks storing products, if the some manner, and used again. residue is not removed from the Ⅲ Are regulated under the universal product tank. waste rule or have other special Ⅲ Are reclaimed continuously on requirements. The federal regulations site without storing prior to contain special, limited requirements reclamation, such as drycleaning for managing certain commonly solvents. generated wastes. These wastes can be managed following the less bur- densome requirements listed below instead of the usual hazardous waste requirements. Check with your state agency to determine if your state has similar regulations. Used oil—40 CFR Part 279 Lead-acid batteries that are reclaimed—40 CFR Part 266, Subpart G Scrap metal that is recycled—40 CFR 261.6 (a)(3) Universal wastes (e.g., certain batteries, recalled and collected pesticides, mercury-containing thermostats)—40 CFR Part 273

5 CESQGs

REQUIREMENTS FOR irst, you must identify all haz- F ardous waste that you generate. STATE CONDITIONALLY Second, you may not store more than EQUIREMENTS 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of hazardous R EXEMPT SMALL waste on site at any time. Finally, you ome states have additional must ensure delivery of your haz- Srequirements for CESQGs. QUANTITY ardous waste to an offsite treatment For example, some states require GENERATORS or disposal facility that is one of the CESQGs to follow some of the following, or, if you treat or dispose SQG requirements such as obtain- If you generate no more of your hazardous waste on site, your ing an EPA identification number, than 220 lbs (100 kg) of facility also most be: or complying with storage standards. See page 10 for SQG Ⅲ A state or federally regulated hazardous waste per month, storage requirements. hazardous waste management treat- you are a Conditionally ment, storage, or disposal facility. Exempt Small Quantity Ⅲ A facility permitted, licensed, or Generator (CESGQG). You registered by a state to manage Suggestion: must comply with three municipal or industrial solid waste. It’s a good idea to call the appropriate basic waste management Ⅲ A facility that uses, reuses, or state agency to verify that the treatment, storage, and disposal facili- requirements to remain legitimately recycles the waste (or treats the waste prior to use, reuse, ty (TSDF) you have selected has any exempt from the full or recycling). necessary permits, etc. You also may hazardous waste regulations want to see that the facility fits into Ⅲ A universal waste handler or desti- one of the above categories. (It’s a that apply to generators of nation facility subject to the good idea to document such calls for larger quantities (SQGs and universal waste requirements of 40 your records.) LQGs). CFR Part 273. (Universal wastes are wastes such as certain batteries, recalled and collected pesticides, or (Note: there are different mercury-containing thermostats.) quantity limits for acutely hazardous waste.)

nu Identify your hazardous waste.

nu Comply with storage quantity limits.

nu Ensure proper treatment and disposal of your waste.

6 SQGs

OBTAINING AN EPA o obtain an EPA ID number, you Ⅲ Send the completed form to your T should: state hazardous waste contact. This IDENTIFICATION address is listed in the information Ⅲ Call or write your state hazardous booklet that NUMBER waste management agency or the you will receive hazardous waste division of your with the form. If your business generates EPA Regional office and ask for a between 220 lbs (100 kg) copy of EPA Form 8700-12, “Notification of Hazardous Waste EPA records the information on the and 2,200 lbs (1,000 kg) of form and assigns an EPA- Activity.” (State and EPA Regional hazardous waste per offices are listed on pages 19-25.) Identification Number to the site month, you are an SQG, You will be sent a booklet that con- identified on your form. The EPA number stays with the property when and you must obtain and tains a form with instructions and those portions of the regulations that ownership changes. If you move your use an EPA Identification will help you identify your waste. A business, you must notify EPA or the Number. EPA and states use sample copy of a completed notifica- state of your new location and submit a new form. If another business previ- these 12-character numbers tion form is shown on pages 8-9. (Note: A few states use a form that is ously handled hazardous waste at this to monitor and track haz- different from the one shown. Your location and obtained an EPA ardous waste activities. You state agency will Identification Number, you will be assigned the same number after you will need to use your send you the appropriate form to have notified EPA that you have identification number when complete.) moved to this location. Otherwise, you send waste off site to ຜ EPA will assign you a new identifica- be managed. Ⅲ Fill in the form as shown in the tion number. example. To complete Item IX of the form, you will need to identify your hazardous waste by its EPA Hazardous Waste Code. A list of common hazardous wastes and their waste codes can be found on the insert in this handbook; for a complete list of waste codes, you should consult 40 CFR Part 261, or call u your state or regional EPA office or n Call your state agency the RCRA Hotline. The form you to determine if you receive from your state might con- need an EPA identifica- tain an additional sheet that provides tion number. more space for waste codes. Complete one copy of the form for u If you do, obtain a copy n each business site where you gener- of EPA Form 8700-12. ate or handle hazardous waste. Each nu Fill in the form com- site will receive its own EPA pletely. Identification Number. Make sure you sign the nu Send the form to your certification in Item X. STATE hazardous waste contact. 4

7 SQGs

SAMPLE “N OTIFICATION OF REGULATED WASTE ACTIVITY” FORM

8 SQGs

SAMPLE “N OTIFICATION OF REGULATED WASTE ACTIVITY” FORM (Continued)

9 SQGs

MANAGING Accumulating Your Waste HAZARDOUS TIP WASTE ON SITE ccumulating hazardous waste on site can pose a threat to human A t is a good practice never to mix Most small businesses health and the environment, so you wastes. Mixing wastes can create may only keep it for a short time with- I accumulate some an unsafe work environment and out a permit. Before shipping the waste lead to complex and expensive hazardous waste on site for for disposal or recycling, you are cleanups and disposal. a short period of time and responsible for its safe management, then ship it off site to a which includes safe storage, safe treat- treatment, storage, or ment, preventing accidents, and responding to emergencies in accor- For containers, you must: disposal facility (TSDF). dance with federal regulations. Ⅲ Label each container with the words “HAZARDOUS WASTE,” and SQGs can accumulate no more than mark each container with the date 13,228 lbs (6,000 kg) of hazardous the waste was generated. waste on site for up to 180 days with- Ⅲ Use a container made of, or lined out a permit. You can accumulate this with, a material that is compatible amount of waste for up to 270 days if with the hazardous waste to be you must transport it more than 200 stored. (This will prevent the waste miles away for recovery, treatment, or from reacting with or corroding the disposal. Limited extensions may be container.) granted by the state director or the regional EPA administrator. If you Ⅲ Keep all containers holding haz- exceed these limits, you are considered a ardous waste closed during storage, TSDF and must obtain an operating except when adding or removing permit. Special storage requirements waste. Do not open, handle, or apply to liquid hazardous wastes con- store (stack) containers in a way taining polychlorinated biphenyls that might rupture them, cause u Accumulate wastes n (PCBs). them to leak, or otherwise fail. according to limits Ⅲ Inspect areas where containers are established by EPA for SQGs must accumulate waste in tanks stored at least weekly. Look for SQGs. or containers, such as 55-gallon leaks and for deterioration caused u drums. Your storage tanks and con- n Follow the storage and by corrosion or other factors. tainers must be managed according to handling procedures EPA requirements summarized below: Ⅲ Maintain the containers in good required by EPA for condition. If a container leaks, put SQGs. the hazardous waste in another con- nu Follow EPA require- tainer, or contain it in some other way that complies with EPA ments for equipment regulations. testing and maintenance, access to Ⅲ Do not mix incompatible wastes or communications or materials unless precautions are alarms, aisle space, and taken to prevent certain hazards. emergency arrangements with local authorities.

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WASTE MINIMIZATION: THE KEY TO BETTER WASTE MANAGEMENT

he easiest and most cost-effective way of managing any waste is not to generate it in the first place. You can T decrease the amount of hazardous waste your business produces by developing a few “good housekeeping” habits. Good housekeeping procedures generally save businesses money, and they prevent accidents and waste. To help reduce the amount of waste you generate, try the following practices at your business.

Ⅲ Do not mix wastes. Do not mix nonhazardous Ⅲ Change materials, processes, or both. Businesses waste with hazardous waste. Once you mix can save money and increase efficiency by replacing nonhazardous waste with hazardous waste, you may a material or a process with another that produces increase the amount of hazardous waste created, as less waste. For example, you could use plastic blast the whole batch may become hazardous. Mixing media for paint stripping of metal parts rather than waste can also make recycling very difficult, if not conventional solvent stripping. impossible. A typical example of mixing wastes would be putting nonhazardous cleaning agents in a Ⅲ Safely store hazardous products and containers. container of used hazardous solvents. You can avoid creating more hazardous waste by preventing spills or leaks. Store hazardous product Ⅲ Recycle and reuse manufacturing materials. Many and waste containers in secure areas, and inspect companies routinely put useful components back them frequently for leaks. When leaks or spills into productive use rather than disposing of them. occur, materials used to clean them up also become Items such as oil, solvents, acids, and metals are hazardous waste. commonly recycled and used again. In addition, some companies have taken waste minimization actions such as using fewer solvents to do the same job, using solvents that are less toxic, or switching to a detergent solution.

11 SQGs

For tanks, you must: Ⅲ Use the National Fire Protection Treating Your Waste to Association’s (NFPA’s) buffer zone Ⅲ Label each tank with the words Meet the Land Disposal requirements for covered tanks “HAZARDOUS WASTE.” containing ignitable or reactive Restrictions (LDRs) Ⅲ Store only waste that will not cause wastes. These requirements specify ost hazardous wastes may not the tank or the inner liner of the distances considered to be safe be land disposed unless they tank to rupture, leak, corrode, or buffer zones for various ignitable or M meet “treatment standards.” The Land fail. reactive wastes. You can reach the Disposal Restrictions (LDR) program NFPA at 617 770-3000. Ⅲ Equip tanks that have an automatic requires that the waste is treated to waste feed with a waste feed cutoff Ⅲ Do not mix incompatible wastes or reduce the hazardous constituents to system, or a bypass system for use materials unless precautions are levels set by EPA, or that the waste is in the event of a leak or overflow. taken to prevent certain hazards. treated using a specific technology. It is your responsibility to ensure that Ⅲ Inspect discharge control and mon- Ⅲ Do not place ignitable or reactive itoring equipment and the level of your waste is treated to meet LDR wastes in tanks unless certain treatment standards before it is land waste in uncovered tanks at least precautions are taken. once each operating day. Inspect disposed. (See page 17 for a descrip- the tanks and surrounding areas for Ⅲ Provide at least two feet (60 cen- tion of required LDR notices.) Most leaks or other problems (such as timeters) of freeboard (space at the SQGs probably will have their desig- corrosion) at least weekly. top of each tank) in uncovered nated TSDF do this treatment. If you tanks, unless the tank is equipped choose to treat your waste yourself to with a containment structure, a meet LDR treatment standards, there drainage control system, or a stand- are additional requirements including by tank with adequate capacity. waste analysis plans, notifications, and certifications. To learn about these requirements call the RCRA Hotline, your state agency, or EPA Regional office, and consult 40 CFR Part 268.

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Preventing Accidents IF YOU THINK YOU HAVE AN EMERGENCY, henever you store hazardous W waste on site, you must mini- IMMEDIATELY CALL THE NATIONAL mize the potential risks from fires, RESPONSE CENTER AT 800 424-8802. explosions, or other accidents. n the event of a fire, explosion, or other release of hazardous waste All SQGs that store hazardous waste I that could threaten human health outside the facility, or if you think on site must be equipped with: that a spill has reached surface water, call the National Response Center to report the emergency. The Response Center will evaluate the situation Ⅲ An internal communications or and help you make appropriate emergency decisions. In many cases, you alarm system capable of providing will find that the problem you faced was not a true emergency, but it is immediate emergency instruction better to call if you are not sure. Stiff penalties exist for failing to (voice or signal) to all personnel. report emergencies. Ⅲ A device, such as a telephone (immediately available at the scene of operations) or a hand-held, two- way radio, capable of summoning You must test and maintain all equip- Responding to Emergencies emergency assistance from local ment to ensure proper operation. police and fire departments or Allow sufficient aisle space to permit ou must be prepared for an emer- emergency response teams. the unobstructed movement of per- Y gency at your facility. One way is to develop a contingency plan. A con- Ⅲ Portable fire extinguishers, fire con- sonnel, fire protection equipment, tingency plan usually answers a set of trol devices (including special spill control equipment, and deconta- “what if” questions. For example: extinguishing equipment, such as mination equipment to any area of “What if there is a fire in the area that using foam, inert gas, or dry facility operation. Attempt to secure where hazardous waste is stored?” or chemicals), spill control materials, arrangements with fire departments, “What if I spill hazardous waste, or and decontamination supplies. police, emergency response teams, equipment suppliers, and local hospi- one of my hazardous waste containers Ⅲ Water at adequate volume and tals, as appropriate, to provide services leaks?” Although EPA does not pressure to supply water hose in the event of an emergency. Ensure require SQGs to develop a written streams, foam-producing equip- that personnel handling hazardous contingency plan, in case of a fire, ment, automatic sprinklers, or waste have immediate access to an explosion, or toxic release, having water spray systems. alarm or emergency communications such a plan would provide an orga- device. nized and coordinated course of action. EPA does require SQGs to establish basic safety guidelines and response procedures to follow in the event of an emergency.

Worksheets 1 and 2 (on page 14) can help you set up these procedures. The information on Worksheet 1 must be posted near your phone. You must ensure that employees are familiar with these procedures.

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WORKSHEET 1 FILL IN AND POST THIS INFORMATION NEXT TO YOUR TELEPHONE.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION

Emergency Coordinator Spill Control Materials

Name: ______Location(s):______Telephone:______Fire Alarm (if present) Location(s):______Fire Extinguisher ______Location(s):______Fire Department ______Telephone:______✂ WORKSHEET 2 FILL IN AND POST THIS INFORMATION NEXT TO YOUR TELEPHONE. MAKE SURE ALL EMPLOYEES READ AND ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS CONTENTS.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES

In the event of a spill: Our company name: Contain the flow of hazardous waste ______to the extent possible, and as soon as is possible, clean up the hazardous ______waste and any contaminated materi- Our address: als or soil. ______In the event of a fire: ______Call the fire department and, if safe, attempt to extinguish the fire using a Our U.S. EPA identification number: fire extinguisher. ______

In the event of a fire, explosion, or Date of accident ______other release that could threaten human health outside the facility, Time of accident ______or if you know that the spill has Type of accident (e.g., spill or fire) ______reached surface water: Quantity of hazardous waste involved______Call the National Response Center at its 24-hour number (800 424-8802). Extent of injuries, if any______Provide the following information: Estimated quantity and disposition of recovered materials, if any

______✂

14 SQGs

SHIPPING WASTE OFF SITE Selecting a TSDF Labeling Waste Shipments When shipping waste off QGs may send their waste only to QGs must properly package, S a regulated TSDF or recycler. S label, and mark all hazardous site, SQGs must follow Most regulated TSDFs and recyclers waste shipments, and placard the vehi- certain procedures that are will have a permit from the state or cles in which these wastes are shipped designed to ensure safe EPA. Some, however, may operate following Department of transport and proper under other regulations that do not Transportation (DOT) regulations. require a permit. Check with the Most small businesses use a commer- management of the waste. appropriate state authorities to be sure cial transporter to ship hazardous the facility you select has any neces- waste. These transporters can advise sary permits. All TSDFs and recyclers you on specific requirements for plac- must have EPA identification arding, labeling, marking, and numbers. packaging; however, you remain responsible for compliance. For additional information, consult the DOT regulations (49 CFR Parts 172 and 173), or call the DOT hazardous materials information line at 202 366- 4488.

Federal regulations allow you to transport your own hazardous waste to a designated TSDF provided that you u comply with DOT rules. Some states, n Package, label, and however, do not allow this practice. mark your shipment, Call DOT and your state hazardous and placard the vehicle waste manage- in which your waste is ment agency shipped as specified in (see page 19) DOT regulations. regarding u applicable n Prepare a hazardous regulations. waste manifest to accompany your shipment. nu Include a notice and certification with each waste shipment. nu Ensure the proper management of any hazardous waste you ship (even when it is no longer in your possession).

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Preparing Hazardous Waste SELECTING A TRANSPORTER OR Manifests

TSDF/RECYCLER hazardous waste manifest must A accompany all hazardous waste t is important to choose your transporter and your TSDF carefully that is shipped off site. A hazardous I since you remain responsible for the proper management of your waste manifest is a multipart form hazardous waste even after it has left your site. designed to track hazardous waste from generation to disposal. It will For help in choosing a transporter or TSDF, check with the following help you to track your waste during sources: shipment and make sure it arrives at Ⅲ References from business colleagues who have used a specific the proper destination. If you send hazardous waste transporter or TSDF. waste to a recycling facility, you may be able to use a tolling agreement Ⅲ Trade associations for your industry that might keep a file on instead of a manifest. A tolling agree- companies that handle hazardous waste. ment is a “closed-loop” arrangement Ⅲ The Better Business Bureau or Chamber of Commerce in the TSDF’s whereby a generator contracts with a area, which might have a record of any complaints registered against a recycling company to reclaim its haz- transporter or a facility. ardous waste and return it as a recycled Ⅲ Your state hazardous waste management agency or EPA Regional product, thereby office, which can tell you whether the transporter or TSDF has a U.S. avoiding disposal. A EPA identification number and a permit, if required. copy of the contract 1 must be kept on file for three years after the contract has ended.

Various versions of hazardous waste manifest forms are available. Ⅲ Some states require their own manifest form. If the state to which you are shipping your waste requires its own manifest, use that state’s form. To obtain manifest forms, contact the hazardous waste management agency of the recipient state, your transporter, or the TSDF that you intend to use. Ⅲ If the state to which you are shipping your waste does not have its own manifest, but the state in which your waste was generated does require its own manifest, use your state’s form. To obtain blank forms, contact your transporter or your state hazardous waste agency.

16 SQGs

Ⅲ If neither state requires a manifest, Land Disposal Restrictions Export Notification you can use the federal Uniform (LDR) Reporting Hazardous Waste Manifest, EPA Requirements f you choose to export your haz- Form 8700-22. Copies are avail- I ardous waste, you must notify able from some transporters, EPA 60 days before the intended date egardless of where the waste is TSDFs, and some commercial of shipment to obtain written con- being sent, for each shipment of printers. Your state hazardous R sent. EPA’s “Acknowledgement of waste subject to LDRs you must send waste agency can refer you to man- Consent” document must accompany the receiving TSDF or recycler an ifest suppliers. the shipment at all times. For more LDR notice. This notice must pro- information on how to obtain the vide information about your waste, You must fill in all parts of a mani- consent to export hazardous waste, such as the EPA hazardous waste fest. Information requested includes: contact the RCRA Hotline at 800 code and the LDR treatment stan- name of transporter, name of the des- 424-9346. ignated facility, your EPA ID dard. The purpose of this notice is to number, and a description of the let the TSDF know that the waste waste based on DOT requirements, must meet treatment standards before such as proper shipping name and it is land disposed. There is no hazard class. Call the DOT informa- required form for this notice, but tion line for more information on your TSDF may provide a form for DOT waste description requirements. you to use. A certification may also be required in specific situations. Call The transporter signs the completed the RCRA Hotline, your state agency, manifest when the shipment is or EPA regional office and consult 40 accepted for transport. The facility CFR Part 268 for help with LDR operator at the designated TSDF also notification and certification require- signs the form when the shipment is ments. received and sends a copy of it back to you. You must keep this copy on file for three years. (It might be a good practice, however, to keep it for as long as you are in business.)

Any SQG that does not receive a signed copy of the manifest from the designated TSDF within 60 days of shipment must submit a legible copy of the manifest to the state or EPA regional office. This copy, known as an exception report, simply indicates that a signed copy was not received from the facility operator.

17 LQGs

SUMMARY OF

REQUIREMENTS LQG REQUIREMENTS SUMMARY FOR LARGE Hazardous Waste Identify all hazardous wastes you generate. QUANTITY Determination Measure the amount of hazardous waste you gen- (40 CFR 262.10) erate per month to determine your generator GENERATORS Generator Category category (e.g., LQG). Determination If you are a Large Quantity (40 CFR 262.10 (b) and Generator (LQG) (generating 261.5 (b) and (c)) more than 2,200 lbs (1,000 EPA Identification Obtain a copy of EPA Form 8700-12, fill out the kg) per month), you must Numbers form, and send it to the contact listed with the comply with the full set of (40 CFR 262.12) form. An EPA identification number will be hazardous waste returned to you for your location. regulations. This table Prepare Hazardous Waste Package, label, mark, and placard wastes follow- summarizes the federal LQG for Shipment Off Site ing Department of Transportation requirements. requirements. This is only a (40 CFR 262.30 - 262.33) Ship waste using hazardous waste transporter. summary and does not The Manifest Ship waste to hazardous waste treatment, storage, include all of the LQG (40 CFR 262.20 - 262.23, disposal, or recycling facility. Ship hazardous requirements. For more 262.42) waste off site using the manifest system (EPA Form 8700-22) or state equivalent. details, call the RCRA Hotline or see 40 CFR Part 262. Be Managing Hazardous Accumulate waste for no more than 90 days sure to check with your Waste On Site without a permit. Accumulate waste in: (40 CFR 262.34) - Containers - Tanks state as well, as some states - Drip pads - Containment buildings have additional or more and comply with specified technical standards for stringent requirements than each unit type. Comply with Preparedness and Prevention requirements. Prepare written the federal government. Contingency Plan. Train employees in hazardous waste management and emergency response.

Recordkeeping and Retain specified records for three years. Submit Biennial Report biennial report by March 1 of even numbered years (40 CFR 262.40 - 262.41) covering generator activities for the previous year.

Comply with Land Ensure that wastes meet treatment standards Disposal Restrictions prior to land disposal. Send notifications and cer- (40 CFR 268) tifications to TSDF as required. Maintain waste analysis plan if treating on site.

Export/Import Follow requirements for exports and imports, Requirements including notification of intent to export and (40 CFR Subparts acknowledgement of consent from receiving E and F) country.

18 WHERE TO GET MORE HELP APPENDIX A For further assistance in STATE HAZARDOUS Arizona understanding the Hazardous Waste Compliance Unit WASTE MANAGEMENT Arizona Department of hazardous waste regulations AGENCIES Environmental Quality applicable to you, contact 3033 N. Central Avenue your state hazardous waste ne of the best ways to ensure Phoenix, AZ 85012 O compliance with hazardous 602 207-4108 agency. Other assistance waste regulations is to set up a visit by resources include the EPA an inspector from your state or local Arkansas hazardous waste agency. These visits Resource Centers (including Hazardous Waste Division can help you identify and correct prob- Arkansas Department of Pollution the RCRA Hotline) (page 24), lems. During the visit, you can ask the Control and Ecology inspectors questions and receive advice or your EPA Regional office 8001 National Drive on effective ways to manage your haz- (page 25). Little Rock, AR 72219 ardous waste. The best way to prepare 501 562-6533 for a visit from an inspector is to con- Also, see other related sections of duct your own self inspection. See California the Code of Federal Regulations: Worksheet 3 on page 26 for a list of questions that should help. Hazardous Waste Management ■ Handling PCBs (40 CFR Part 761) Program ■ Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Alabama Department of Toxic Substances Reporting (40 CFR Part 372) Control Land Division ■ Domestic Sewage Waste P.O. Box 806 Alabama Department of Disposal Reporting (40 CFR Part Sacramento, CA 95812 Environmental Management 403) 916 324-1781 1751 Cong. William L. Dickinson ■ Shipping Hazardous Materials 800 61-TOXIC (CA only) (49 CFR Parts 171-180) Drive Montgomery, AL 36130 Colorado 334 271-7730 Hazardous Materials and Waste Alaska Management Division Colorado Department of Health Division of Air and Water 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Hazardous Waste Section Denver, CO 80222 Alaska Department of Environmental 303 692-3320 Conservation 410 Willoughby Avenue, Suite 105 Juneau, AK 99801 907 465-5158

American Samoa American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency Government of American Samoa Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Overseas Operator: 684 663-2304

19 Commonwealth of Northern Florida Mariana Islands Bureau of Solid and Hazardous Waste Division of Environmental Quality MS4560 Department of Public Health and Division of Waste Management Environmental Services Department of Environmental P.O. Box 1304 Protection Commonwealth of the Northern 2600 Blair Stone Road Mariana Islands Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 Saipan, MP 96950 904 488-0300 Overseas Operator: 670 234-6114 Cable Address: Gov. NMI Saipan Georgia Hazardous Waste Management Connecticut Branch Bureau of Waste Management Environmental Protection Division Department of Environmental Department of Natural Resources Protection Floyd Towers East/Room 1154 Illinois 79 Elm Street 205 Butler Street, S.E. Division of Land Pollution Control Hartford, CT 06106 Atlanta, GA 30334 Illinois Environmental Protection 203 424-3023 404 656-7802 Agency 2200 Churchill Road Delaware Guam Springfield, IL 62794-9276 Hazardous Waste Management Solid and Hazardous Waste 217 785-8604 Branch Management Program Department of Natural Resources and Guam Environmental Protection Indiana Environmental Control Agency Hazardous Waste Management P.O. Box 1401 130 Rajas Street, D107 Harmon Branch 89 Kings Highway Plaza Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste Dover, DE 19903 Harmon, Guam 96911 Indiana Department of 302 739-3689 Overseas Operator: 671 646-8863 Environmental Management 105 N. Senate Avenue District of Columbia Hawaii P.O. Box 6015 Hazardous Waste Management Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015 Branch Office of Solid Waste Management 317 232-4417 Pesticides and Hazardous Materials Department of Health Division 919 Ala Moana, 2nd Floor Iowa Environmental Regulatory Honolulu, HI 96814 Environmental Protection Division Administration 808 586-4226 Department of Natural Resources 2100 Martin Luther King Avenue, 900 East Grand Avenue S.E. Idaho Des Moines, IA 50319-0034 Suite #203 Hazardous Materials Bureau 515 281-4968 Washington, DC 20020 Division of Environmental Quality 202 645-6080 Department of Health and Welfare Kansas 1410 North Hilton Street Bureau of Waste Management Boise, ID 83706 Department of Health and 208 334-5898 Environment Forbes Field, Building 740 Topeka, KS 66620-0001 913 296-1608

20 Kentucky Maryland Minnesota Hazardous Waste Branch Hazardous Waste Program Hazardous Waste Division Division of Waste Management Hazardous and Solid Waste Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Department of Environmental Management Administration 520 North Lafayette Road Protection Maryland Department of the St. Paul, MN 55155 18 Reilly Road, Frankfort Office Park Environment 612 297-8512 Frankfort, KY 40601 2500 Broening Highway 502 564-6716 Baltimore, MD 21224 Mississippi 301 631-3345 Division of Hazardous Waste Louisiana Management Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste Massachusetts Office of Pollution Control Hazardous Waste Division Division of Hazardous Waste Department of Environmental Louisiana Department of Massachusetts Department of Quality Environmental Quality Environmental Protection 2380 Highway 80 West P.O. Box 82178 One Winter Street, 7th Floor P.O. Box 10385 7290 Bluebonnet Drive Boston, MA 02108 Jackson, MS 39204 Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2178 617 292-5574 601 961-5052 504 765-0249 Michigan Missouri Maine Hazardous Waste Permit Section Hazardous Waste Management Division of Oil and Hazardous Waste Management Division Program Materials Facilities Department of Natural Resources Division of Environmental Quality Bureau of Hazardous Materials 608 West Allegan, 1st Floor Department of Natural Resources Control and Solid Waste Control Lansing, MI 48933 Jefferson Building Department of Environmental 517 373-0530 205 Jefferson Street Protection P.O. Box 176 State House, Station #17 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Augusta, ME 04333 314 751-3176 207 287-2651 Montana Solid and Hazardous Waste Bureau Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Cogswell Building P.O. Box 200901 Helena, MT 59620-0901 406 444-1430

Nebraska Air and Waste Management Division Department of Environmental Quality 1200 N Street, The Atrium Suite 400 P.O. Box 98922 Lincoln, NE 68509-8922 402 471-4217

21 Nevada North Carolina Pennsylvania Waste Management Bureau Hazardous Waste Section Bureau of Waste Management Division of Environmental Protection Division of Solid Waste Management Pennsylvania Department of Department of Conservation and Department of Environment, Health, Environmental Resources Natural Resources and Natural Resources 400 Market Street 333 West Nye Lane P.O. Box 27687 P.O. Box 8472 Carson City, NV 89710 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8472 702 784-1717 919 733-2178 717 787-6239 800 882-3233 (NV only) North Dakota Puerto Rico New Hampshire Division of Hazardous Waste Environmental Quality Board Waste Management Compliance Management Office of the Governor Bureau Department of Health Management Banco Nationale Plaza Building Waste Management Division and Special Studies Suite 431 Department of Environmental P.O. Box 5620 Hatorey, PR 00910 Services Bismarck, ND 58502-5520 809 767-8056 6 Hazen Drive 701 328-5166 Concord, NH 03301-6509 Rhode Island 603 271-2942 Ohio Division of Waste Management Division of Hazardous Waste Department of Environmental New Jersey Management Management Bureau of Advisement and Manifest Ohio Environmental Protection 291 Promenade Street Department of Environmental Agency Providence, RI 02908 Protection 1800 Watermark Drive 401 277-2797 401 East State St./CN-421 Columbus, OH 43215 Trenton, NJ 08625 614 644-2944 609 292-8341 Oklahoma New Mexico Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Bureau Environmental Department P.O. Box 26110 Santa Fe, NM 87502 505 827-4308

New York Oregon Division of Hazardous Substances Hazardous Waste Program Regulation Waste Management and Cleanup Department of Environmental Division Conservation Department of Environmental 50 Wolfe Road Quality Albany, NY 12233 811 Southwest 6th Avenue 518 485-8988 Salem, OR 97204 503 229-5913

22 South Carolina Vermont Division of Hazardous and Infectious Hazardous Waste Management Waste Management Division Department of Health and Department of Environmental Environmental Control Conservation 2600 Bull Street Agency of Natural Resources Columbia, SC 29201 103 South Main Street, West Building 803 896-4000 Waterbury, VT 05671 802 241-3888 South Dakota Division of Environmental Virgin Islands Regulation Division of Environmental Protection Department of Environment and Department of Planning and Natural Natural Resources Resources 523 E. Capitol Avenue, Foss Building Government of the Virgin Islands Pierre, SD 57501-3181 1118 Watergut Homes, 605-733-3153 Christiansted Project Wisconsin St. Croix, VI 00820 Hazardous Waste Management Tennessee 809 773-0565 Section Division of Solid Waste Management Division of Environmental Quality Virginia Tennessee Department of Department of Natural Resources Environmental Conservation Office of Waste Resource 101 S. Webster Street 401 Church Street Management Madison, WI 53702 L&C Tower, 5th Floor Waste Division 608 266-2111 Nashville, TN 37243 Department of Environmental 615 532-0780 Quality Wyoming P.O. Box 10009 Solid and Hazardous Waste Division Texas Richmond, VA 23240-0009 State of Wyoming Department of 804 527-5145 Industrial and Hazardous Waste Environmental Regulation Division 122 West 25th Street Washington Texas Natural Resources Conservation Herschler Building Commission Division of Hazardous Waste and Cheyenne, WY 82002 P.O. Box 13087 Toxics Program 307 777-7752 Austin, TX 78711-3087 Department of Ecology 512 239-6592 P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Utah 206 407-6758 Hazardous Waste Compliance Section Division of Solid and Hazardous West Virginia Waste Management Hazardous Waste Management Department of Environmental Section Quality Division of Environmental Protection P.O. Box 144880 Bureau of Environment Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4880 State Complex Building 3, Room 732 801 538-6170 1356 Hansford Street Charleston, WV 25301 304 558-5929

23 APPENDIX B EPA AND OTHER Department of Transportation EPA Main Library (DOT) Hotline U.S. Environmental Protection FEDERAL RESOURCE Office of Hazardous Materials Agency CENTERS Standards (DOT) Headquarters Library Research and Special Programs 401 M Street, SW., Room 2904 RCRA/Superfund/OUST Hotline Administration Washington, DC 20460 400 7th Street, SW. Phone: 202 260-5921 or 5922 RCRA/SF/OUST Hotline Washington, DC 20590-0001 Fax: 202 260-6257 1725 Jefferson Davis Highway Phone: 202 366-4488 E-mail: Library-HQ @ Arlington, VA 22202 Fax: 202 366-3753 epamail.epa.gov Phone: 800 424-9346, or TDD 800 553-7672 Answers questions on matters related to Maintains environmental reference Fax: 703 486-3333 DOT’s hazardous materials transporta- materials for EPA staff and the general tion regulations. public, including books, journals, Answers questions on matters related to abstracts, newsletters, and audio-visual solid waste, hazardous waste, or under- materials generated by government RCRA Docket Information Center ground storage tanks. Also can be used agencies and the private sector. Also (RIC) to find and order EPA publications. provides access to online computer U.S. Environmental Protection service bulletin boards, and CD-ROM Small Business Ombudsman Agency systems. Clearinghouse/Hotline RCRA Docket Information Center U.S. Environmental Protection (5305) Public Information Center (PIC) Agency 401 M Street, SW. Small Business Ombudsman (1230C) Washington, DC 20460 U.S. Environmental Protection 401 M Street, SW. Phone: 202 260-9327 Agency Washington, DC 20460 Fax: 202 260-9327 Public Information Center (3404) Phone: 800 368-5888 E-mail: RCRA-Docket @ 401 M Street, SW. Fax: 703 305-6462 epamail.epa.gov Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-7751 Holds and provides public access to all Helps private citizens, small businesses, Fax: 202 260-6257 regulatory materials on solid waste and and smaller communities with questions E-mail: Public-access @ distributes technical and nontechnical on all program aspects within EPA. epamail.epa.gov information on solid waste. Serves as the primary point of contact between EPA and the public. Refers Pollution Protection Information calls and letters to the appropriate Clearinghouse (PPIC) sources for technical information, and PPIC-EPA distributes a variety of general-interest 401 M Street, SW. (3404) items. Washington, DC 20460 Phone: 202 260-1023 Fax: 202 260-0178 E-mail: PPIC @ epamail.epa.gov Provides a library and an electronic bulletin board (accessible by any PC equipped with a modem) dedicated to information on pollution prevention.

24 APPENDIX C EPA REGIONAL CONTACTS EPA Region 4 EPA Region 8 RCRA Branch Hazardous Waste Management EPA Region 1 345 Courtland Street, NE Division Atlanta, GA 30365 One Denver Place Waste Management Branch 404 347-3016 999 18th Street, Suite 500 (8HWM) JFK Federal Building Library: 404 347-4216 Denver, CO 80202-2466 Boston, MA 02203-2211 303 293-1603 617 573-5770 EPA Region 5 Library: 303 293-1603 Library: 617 573-9687 RCRA Program Management Branch 800 227-8917 (Within Region) EPA Region 2 77 W. Jackson Boulevard Hazardous Waste Compliance Branch Chicago, IL 60604 EPA Region 9 290 Broadway, 21st Floor 312 353-8510 Hazardous Waste Management New York, NY 10007-1866 Library: 312 353-2022 Division 212 637-3000 75 Hawthorne Street Library: 212 637-3187 EPA Region 6 San Francisco, CA 94105 RCRA Programs Branch (6H-H) 415 744-1730 EPA Region 3 1445 Ross Avenue Library: 415 744-1510 Hazardous Waste Management Dallas, TX 75202 Division (3HW00) 214 665-6444 EPA Region 10 841 Chestnut Street Library: 214 665-6424 Waste Management Branch Philadelphia, PA 19107 (HW-102) 215 597-9800 EPA Region 7 1200 Sixth Avenue Library: 215 597-6633 Seattle, WA 98101 RCRA Branch 206 553-1200 726 Minnesota Avenue Library: 206 553-1289 Kansas City, KS 66101 913 551-7020 Library: 913 551-7241

25 WORKSHEET 3 THESE QUESTIONS ARE GEARED TOWARD THE FEDERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SQGs BUT MAY BE HELPFUL FOR OTHER HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS. USE THEM TO HELP PREPARE FOR A VISIT FROM A FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL AGENCY.

YES NO ❑ ❑ Do you have documentation on the amount and kinds of hazardous waste that you generate and on how you determined that they are hazardous?

❑ ❑ Do you have a U.S. EPA identification number?

❑ ❑ Do you ship wastes off site?

❑ ❑ If so, do you know the name of the transporter and the designated TSDF that you use?

❑ ❑ Do you have copies of completed manifests used to ship your hazardous wastes over the past three years?

❑ ❑ Are they filled out correctly?

❑ ❑ Have they been signed by the designated TSDF and transporter?

❑ ❑ If you have not received your signed copy of the manifest from the TSDF, have you filed an exception report?

❑ ❑ Is your hazardous waste stored in proper containers or tanks?

❑ ❑ Are the containers or tanks properly dated and/or marked?

❑ ❑ Have you complied with the handling requirements described in this handbook?

❑ ❑ Have you designated an emergency coordinator?

❑ ❑ Have you posted emergency telephone numbers and the location of emergency equipment?

❑ ❑ Are your employees thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures?

❑ ❑ Do you understand when you need to contact the National Response Center?

❑ ❑ Do you store your waste for no more than 180 days, or 270 days if you ship your waste more than 200 miles?

26 DEFINITIONS

By-Product Recovered Material Tank A material that is not one of the pri- A material or by-product that has A stationary device designed to mary products of a production been recovered or diverted from contain an accumulation of haz- process. Examples of by-products are solid waste. Does not include mate- ardous waste that is constructed process residues such as slags or dis- rials or by-products generated from, primarily of nonearthen materials tillation column bottoms. and commonly used within, an orig- (e.g., wood, concrete, steel, plastic). inal manufacturing process. Commercial Chemical Product Totally Enclosed Treatment A chemical substance that is manu- Recycled Material Facility factured or formulated for A material that is used, reused, or A facility for the treatment of commercial or manufacturing use. reclaimed. hazardous waste that is directly connected to an industrial produc- Container Reused Material tion process and that is constructed Any portable device in which a A material that is employed as an and operated so as to prevent the material is stored, transported, treat- ingredient in an industrial process to release of hazardous waste into the ed, disposed of, or otherwise make a product, or as an effective environment during treatment. An handled. substitute for a commercial product. example is a pipe in which waste acid is neutralized. Elementary Neutralization Unit Spent Material A tank, tank system, container, Any material that has been used Toxicity Characteristic Leaching transport vehicle, or vessel (includ- and, as a result of contamination, Procedure ing ships) that is designed to contain can no longer serve the purpose for A testing procedure used to deter- and neutralize corrosive waste. which it was produced without first mine whether a waste is hazardous. processing it. The procedure identifies waste that Reclaimed Material might leach hazardous constituents Material that is regenerated or Sludge into groundwater if improperly processed to recover a usable prod- Any solid, semi-solid, or liquid waste managed. uct. Examples are the recovery of generated from a municipal, com- lead values from spent batteries and mercial, or industrial wastewater Wastewater Treatment Unit the regeneration of spent solvents. treatment plant, water supply treat- A tank or tank system that is subject ment plant, or air pollution control to regulation under either Section facility, exclusive of the treated efflu- 402 or 307(b) of the Clean Water ent from a wastewater treatment Act, and that treats or stores an plant. influent wastewater that is hazardous waste, or that treats or stores a Still Bottom wastewater treatment sludge that is Residue or by-product of a distilla- hazardous. tion process such as solvent recycling. Solvents: Ignitable Wastes: Solvents, spent solvents, solvent mixtures, or solvent still bottoms are Ignitable wastes are any liquids that have a flashpoint less than 140 ЊF, any often hazardous. The following are some commonly used hazardous non-liquids that are capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption of solvents (also see ignitable wastes for other hazardous solvents, and 40 moisture, or spontaneous chemical change, or any ignitable compressed gas CFR 261.31 for most listed hazardous waste solvents): as described in 49 CFR 173.300 (for a complete description of ignitable wastes, see 40 CFR 261.21). Examples are spent solvents, solvent still bottoms, epoxy Benzene F005 Toluene F005 resins and adhesives, and waste inks containing flammable solvents. Unless otherwise Carbon Disulfide F005 Trichloroethylene F001, F002 specified, all ignitable wastes have the waste code D001. Carbon Tetrachloride F001 Trichlorofluoromethane F002 Chlorobenzene F002 Trichlorotrifluoroethane F002 Acetone F003 Chlorobenzene F002 Cresols F004 (Valclene) Benzene F005 Cyclohexanone F003 Cresylic Acid F004 White Spirits D001 n-Butyl Alcohol F003 Ethyl Acetate F003 O-Dichlorobenzene F002 Ethyl Benzene F003 Ethanol D001 Ethyl Ether F003 2-Ethoxyethanol F005 Ethylene Dichloride D001 Ethylene Dichloride D001 Methanol F003 Isobutanol F005 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone F003 Isopropanol D001 EPA Petroleum Distillates D001 Kerosene D001 Xylene F003 Methyl Ethyl Ketone F005 Methylene Chloride F001, F002 Naphtha D001 HAZARDOUS Lead-Acid Batteries: Nitrobenzene F004 Used lead-acid batteries should 2-Nitrobenzene F004 be reported on the notification Petroleum Solvents D001 form only if they are not recy- Њ (Flashpoint less than 140 F) cled. Used lead-acid batteries Pyridine F005 WASTE CODES FOR that are recycled do not need to be counted in 1,1,1-Trichloroethane F001, F002 determining the quantity of waste that you 1,1,2-Trichloroethane F002 generate per month. Special requirements do Tetrachloroethylene F001, F002 apply if you recycle your batteries on your (Perchloroethylene) WASTE STREAMS own premises (see 40 CFR Part 266). Lead Dross D008 Acids: Spent Acids D002 COMMONLY Lead-Acid Batteries D008 Acids, bases, or mixtures having a pH less than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to Pesticides: 12.5 are considered corrosive (for a complete description of corrosive GENERATED BY The pesticides listed below are wastes, see 40 CFR 261.22). All corrosive hazardous. Wastes marked materials and solutions have the waste code with an asterisk (*) have been D002. The following are some of the more designated acutely hazardous. commonly used corrosives: SMALL QUANTITY For a more complete listing, see 40 CFR 261.32 for specific listed pesticides, and Acetic Acid other wastes, wastewaters, sludges, and by- Ammonium Hydroxide Oleum products from pesticide formulators. Chromic Acid Hydrobromic Acid GENERATORS *Aldicarb P070 Hydrochloric Acid Amitrole U011 1,2-Dichloropropene U084 Hydrofluoric Acid his list can be used as a guide for small quantity generators to deter- *Heptachlor P059 Nitric Acid mine which of their wastes, if any, are hazardous, and to determine Lindane U129 Perchloric Acid the EPA waste codes associated with each waste. It is not intended T *Methyl Parathion P071 Phosphoric Acid to provide a comprehensive list of all waste codes and waste streams that Potassium Hydroxide *Parathion P089 small businesses could generate. Except for the pesticide and wood pre- *Phorate P094 Sodium Hydroxide serving categories, this list does not include waste codes for Sulfuric Acid commercial chemical products that are hazardous when discarded unused. These wastes, as well as all others not listed here, can be found Reactives: in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) Part 261. If you have any questions, contact your state agency or the RCRA Hotline Reactive wastes include materi- Dry Cleaning als or mixtures that are unstable, at 703 412-9810 or TDD 703 412-3323 in the Washington, DC, area react violently with or form or at 800 424-9346 or TDD 800 533-7672 from other locations. Filtration Residues: explosive mixtures with water, Cooked powder residue (per- generate toxic gases or vapors when mixed chloroethylene plants only), still with water (or when exposed to pH condi- residues, and spent cartridge fil- tions between 2 and 12.5 in the case of ters containing perchloroethylene or valclene are hazardous and have the waste cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes), or are capable of detonation or explosive reaction when code F002. Still residues containing petroleum solvents with a flashpoint less than 140ЊF are heated or subject to shock (for a complete description of reactive wastes, see 40 CFR considered hazardous and have the waste code D001. 2612.23). Unless otherwise specified, all reactive wastes have the waste code D003. The following materials are commonly considered to be reactive: Acetyl Chloride Cyanides Organic Peroxides Permanganates Heavy Metals/Inorganics: Chromic Acid Hypochlorites Perchlorates Sulfides Heavy metals and other inorganic waste materials are considered hazardous if the extract from a representative sample of the waste has any of the specific constituents concentrations as shown in 40 CFR 262.24, Table 1. Materials Spent Plating and Cyanide Wastes: may include dusts, solutions, wastewater treatment sludges, paint wastes, and Spent plating wastes contain cleaning solutions and plating solutions with caus- waste inks. The following are common heavy metals/inorganics: tics, solvents, heavy metals, and cyanides. Cyanide wastes may also be generated from heat treatment operations, pigment production, and manufacturing of anti- Arsenic D004 Lead D008 caking agents. Plating wastes generally have the waste codes F006-F009, with Barium D005 Mercury D009 F007 and F009 containing cyanide. Cyanide heat treating wastes generally have the waste Cadmium D006 Selenium D010 codes F010-F012 (see 40 CFR 261.31 for a more complete description of plating wastes). Chromium D007 Silver D011 Wood Preserving Agents: Ink Sludges Containing Chromium and Lead: The wastewater treatment sludges from wastewater treatment operations are considered hazardous. Bottom sediment sludges from the treatment of wastewater This category includes solvent washes and sludges, caustic washes and processes that use creosote and pentachlorophenol have the waste code K001. In sludges, and water washes and sludges from cleaning tubs and equipment addition, unless otherwise indicated, specific wood preserving compounds are: used in the formulation of ink from pigments, driers, soaps, and stabilizers containing chromium and lead. All ink sludges have the waste code K086. Chromated Copper Arsenate D004 Pentachlorophenol F027 Creosote U051