DOCSLIB.ORG

The Military Obligations of the English People 1511-1558 Goring, John Jeremy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Military Obligations of the English People 1511-1558 Goring, John Jeremy The military obligations of the English people 1511-1558 Goring, John Jeremy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/1420 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] The Military Obligations of the English People 1511-1558 By Jotfn Jeremy Goring A Th sis Submitted. for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London 1955 of the firat four Tuore, often overlapping and sometimes clashing. By the end of Mary's reign, however, the quasi-feuda]. system had been almost completely superseded by the national one, and from this time forth the armies of the Crown were to be composed almost exclusively of the men of the local militias. Abbreviations used in the footnotes of this thesis Add. Ch. = Additional Charter. Acid. MS. = Additional Manuscript. A.P.C. Acts of the Privy Council. B.I.H.R. Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. B.M. = British Museum. Bad. = Bodleian Library. Cal. S.P.Span. Calendar of State Pape's, Spanish. Cal. S.P.Ven. = Calendar of State Papers, Venetian. Cam. Soc. = Camden Society. Cant.C.R.O. = Canterbury City Record Office. Cat. Anc. Deeds. Catalogue of Ancient Deeds. C.C.C.C. Corpus Chnisti College, Cambridge. C.C.L. = Canterbury Cathedral Library. Cov.C.R.O. = Coventry City Record Office. C.P.R. Calendar of Patent Rolls. D.N.B. a Dictionary of National Biography. E.C.R.O. Exeter City Record Office. Eg. = Egerton Manuscript. E.R.O. = Essex Record Office. G.B.R.O. Guiliford Borough Record Office. Han. = Harleian Manuscript. H.C. = Heralds' College. H.M.C. Historical Manuscripts Commission. I.P.L. = Ipswich Public Library. LC.R.O. = London City Record Office. L.P. - Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. L.R.O. = Lancashire Record. Office. N.C.R.O. = Norwich City Record Office. N.P.L. Norwich Public Library. N.U.L. a Nottingham University Library. P.R.O. = Public Record Office. S.C.R.O. Salisbury Record Office. T.R.E.S. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. V.C.H. a Victoria County History. Westni. Abb. = Westminster Abbey. Y.C.R. = York Civic Records. Note on L.P. References. All references are to entry numbers, except where a page number is given. Only where the original document contains additional information is the MS. reference given. The Military Obligations of the English People 1511-1558 By Jothi Jeremy Goring A Thesis Submitted. for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London 1955 Abstract of Theele This thesis is concerned with the military obligations of the people of England in the period between the re-issue of the Statute of Tirichester in 1511 and its repeal in 1558. In its pages am attempt is made to discorer what these obligations were and how they were enforced. The primary ptirpose of this thesis is to show that the Crown enforced these obligations in two different ways - to establish the hitherto unrecognized fact that there were two distinct military systems in England in the early Tidor period. On the one hand was the "national" system, under which roupa of gentlemen (acting on the authority of commissions of array) prepared men for the wars in the shires, hundreds, and parishes of the kingdom. On the other hand was the "quasi-feudal" system, under which individual gentlemen (acting on the authority of aigrtet letters) prepared men for the wars from the ranks of their own tenants, servants, arid other dependants. An examination of the workings of these two systems occupies the first two parts of this thesis. The third part is devoted to matters which concern both systems and matters which concern neither. The two systems existed side by aide throughout the reigns of the first four Tuors, often overlapping and. sometimes clashing. By the end of Mary's reign, however, the quasi-feudal system had. been almost completely superseded by the national one, and from this time forth the armies of the Crown were to be composed almost exclusively of the men of the local militias. Abbreviations used. in the footnotes of this thesis Add.. Cli. = Additional Charter. Add. MS. = Additional Manuscript. A.P.C. Acts of the Privy Council. B.I.H.R. = Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. B.M. = British Museum. Bod.. = Bodleian Library. Cal. S.P.Span. Calendar of State Pape's, Spanish. Cal. S.P.Ven. Calendar of State Papers, Venetian. Cam. Soc. Camden Society. Cant.C.R.O. = Canterbury City Record Office. Cat. Anc. Deeds= Catalogue of Ancient Deeds. C.C.C.C. = Corpus Chnisti College, Cambridge. C.C.L. Canterbury Cathedral Library. Cov.C.R.O. = Coventry City Record Office. C.P.R. = Calendar of Patent Rolls. D.N.B. Dictionary of National Biography. E.C.R.O. = Exeter City Record Office. Eg. = Egerton Manuscript. E.R.O. = Essex Record Office. G.B.R.O. Guildford Borough Record Office. Han. = Harleian Manuscript. H.C. = Heralds' College. H.M.C. = Historical Manuscripts Commission. I.P.L. = Ipswich Public Library. L.C.R.O. = London City Record Office. L.P. Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. L.R.O. = Lancashire Record Office. N.C.R.O. = Norwich City Record Office. N.P.L. = Norwich Publtc Library. &.U.L. Nottingham University Library. P.RO. = Public Record Office. S.C.R.O. = Salisbury Record Office. T.R.H.S. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. V.C.H. = Victoria County History.. Westm. Abb. = Westminster Abbey. I.C.R. = York Civic Records. Note on L.P. References. All references are to entry numbers, except where a page number is given. Only where the original document contains additional information is the MS. reference given. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION....... •.... .....••.•. ... 1 Section I. l32711l_85 , • • • • , • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 II. 14-85-1511. 8 III. 1511 and. After. 13 PART ONE. NATIONAL SYSTEM Chapter I. The En.forceinent of Military Obligations 19 Section I. The Possession of Military Equipinent 20 II. The Practice of Military Exercises kl III. The Performance of Military Services Chapter II. The Incidence of Militar y Service.... 53 Section I. Regional Incidence of Military Service . 53 II. Individual Incidence of Military Service. .. 71 PART TWO. UA8I-FEUDAL SYSTEM Chapter I. The Organisati gn of the Forces....... 85 Section I. Military Preparedness............ 85 II. Military Service................. 100 Chapter II. The Suppliers of Sold.iers........... 110 Section I. The Gentry. 112 II. The Lords Temporal and. Spiritual. 128 Chapterill. 138 Section I. The Captains and Petty-Captains.. 138 II. TheCommoflSOldiers.............' 14-5 Page PART THREE. GENERAl, CONSIDERATIONS Chapter I. The Military Obligations of the Borous . • • • • • • • • • • • • 178 Section I. The Nature of the Obligation.. 178 II. The Enforcement of the Obligation: External Administration.. 188 III. The Enforcement of the Obligation: Internal Administration. 199 ter II. The Financial Aspects of Military Obligation. 213 Chapter III. RegularSoldiers............,.... 227 Section I. The Yeomen of the Guard....... 227 II. The Gentlemen of the Guard..... 232 III. Garrison Troops.......... 240 IV. Foreign Mercenar].es........... 249 V. Other Volunteers. .. .. .. ... .. 251 nV. N at of the Years 253 ection I. 1513....... S 253 II. 1544.......................... 264 CONCLUSION. •.. 274 Appendix I. The Survey of 288 II. Sir Thomas Wyatt's Scheme for Militia Reform.............. 302 III. Buckinghainshire Gentry, 1543.. 304 IV. The Armed Retinues of 1518.... 308 V. Commissions of Lzray.......... 310 VI. Sir Robert Cotton's Scale..... 313 VII. Monastic Contingents.. 314 VIII. Wolsey's Journey to Dover, July 1521. 315 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 316 GLOSSARY. 333 INTRODUCTION The title of this thesis has been chosen faute de mieux. Any other title, although it might have the advantage of being more concise and, less pretentious, would probably fail to indicate either the narrowness or the breadth of the subject with which the thesis attempts to deal. This study cannot claim, for example, to be a "History of the Early Tudor Army'. Apart from the fact that there was at this period no permanent Army (but only a long succession of ephemeral armies), such a title would be very misleading. The reader would expect to be provided with descriptions of the military engagements of these years - of the tactics employed at the battles of Flod.den and Pinkie and the strategy used at the sieges of Tournai and. Boulogne. As it is, these events are hardly mentioned at all in the pages that follow. Again, it would be wrong to describe this thesis as a "History of Early Tudor Military Organisation"; for, although it is concerned with some aspects of military organisation, there are many which it does not touch upon. Among these are important administrative matters like the 2 payment of wages, the purveyance of victuals, and. the provision of transport, tentage, and. ord.nance. The only part of the machinery of military organisation which is treated is that which controlled the recruitment of men. Nevertheless, this is not a purely administrative study. It attempts to describe not only the process of recruiting men for military service but also the way in which the burden of military service was distributed throughout English society. However, any such title as "Military R cruitment iii England" would be an insufficient description of its contents, since these embrace other obligations than that of military service. Furthermore, as its title indicates, the thesis is concerned only with the military obligations of the people of England and.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'All Wemen in Thar Degree Shuld to Thar Men Subiectit Be': the Controversial Court Career of Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness Of
    ‘All wemen in thar degree shuld to thar men subiectit be’: The controversial court career of Elisabeth Parr, marchioness of Northampton, c. 1547-1565 Helen Joanne Graham-Matheson, BA, MA. Thesis submitted to UCL for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration I, Helen Joanne Graham-Matheson confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This thesis reconstructs and analyses the life and agency of Elisabeth Parr, marchioness of Northampton (1526-1565), with the aim of increasing understanding of women’s networks of influence and political engagement at the mid-Tudor courts, c. 1547- 1565. Analysis of Elisabeth’s life highlights that in the absence of a Queen consort the noblewomen of the Edwardian court maintained and utilized access to those in power and those with political significance and authority. During the reign of Mary Tudor, Elisabeth worked with her natal family to undermine Mary’s Queenship and support Elizabeth Tudor, particularly by providing her with foreign intelligence. At the Elizabethan court Elisabeth regained her title (lost under Mary I) and occupied a position as one of the Queen’s most trusted confidantes and influential associates. Her agency merited attention from ambassadors and noblemen as well as from the Emperor Maximilian and King Erik of Sweden, due to the significant role she played in several major contemporary events, such as Elizabeth’s early marriage negotiations. This research is interdisciplinary, incorporating early modern social, political and cultural historiographies, gender studies, social anthropology, sociology and the study of early modern literature.
    [Show full text]
  • George Etheridge, Wyatt's Conspiracy
    George Etheridge, Wyatt’s Conspiracy (1557) Homeric Pastiche in Marian England 1. Introduction In Eton College Library resides a curious manuscript poem in Greek hexameters, composed for Queen Mary I (1516–58) by George Etheridge (1519–88), Regius Professor of Greek at Oxford. Completed in 1557, Etheridge’s poem, entitled Συνωμοσία Οὐέτου (hereafter Wyatt’s Conspiracy), survives uniquely in this neglected manuscript: it was never printed, has never been edited, and gives no indication of ever being read.1 Comprising a Latin prose preface and 369 lines of Greek hexameter, Etheridge’s text celebrates the quashing of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger’s Rebellion by Mary’s forces in the early months of 1554, reinscribes Etheridge’s allegiance to his royal patron (Mary), and parades his prodigious skill in Greek verse composition in the style of Homer. The poem, reconstructing the rebellion’s brief but climacteric engagements through a series of pseudo-epic set-pieces and imagined speeches, asserts Etheridge’s staunch Catholicism and reaffirms the legitimacy of Mary’s reign against heretical pretenders. It is remarkable not only as an overtly literary treatment of chronicle history sub specie Homeri, but also as a record of the synthetic processes that informed poetic Original orthography of early modern English texts has been lightly modernised: u/v and i/j distinctions are silently normalised, and English scribal contractions are expanded and reproduced as italics. All translations of Latin and Greek are mine, unless otherwise indicated. 1 George Etheridge, Συνωμοσία Οὐέτου [Wyatt’s Conspiracy], Windsor, Eton College Library, MS 148, fols 1r– 38r.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation and Impact of the Reformation in Shropshire, 1545-1575
    The Implementation and Impact of the Reformation in Shropshire, 1545-1575 Elizabeth Murray A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts United Faculty of Theology The Melbourne College of Divinity October, 2007 Abstract Most English Reformation studies have been about the far north or the wealthier south-east. The poorer areas of the midlands and west have been largely passed over as less well-documented and thus less interesting. This thesis studying the north of the county of Shropshire demonstrates that the generally accepted model of the change from Roman Catholic to English Reformed worship does not adequately describe the experience of parishioners in that county. Acknowledgements I am grateful to Dr Craig D’Alton for his constant support and guidance as my supervisor. Thanks to Dr Dolly Mackinnon for introducing me to historical soundscapes with enthusiasm. Thanks also to the members of the Medieval Early Modern History Cohort for acting as a sounding board for ideas and for their assistance in transcribing the manuscripts in palaeography workshops. I wish to acknowledge the valuable assistance of various Shropshire and Staffordshire clergy, the staff of the Lichfield Heritage Centre and Lichfield Cathedral for permission to photograph churches and church plate. Thanks also to the Victoria & Albert Museum for access to their textiles collection. The staff at the Shropshire Archives, Shrewsbury were very helpful, as were the staff of the State Library of Victoria who retrieved all the volumes of the Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological Society. I very much appreciate the ongoing support and love of my family.
    [Show full text]
  • Tna Prob 11/28/542
    THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES PROB 11/28/542 1 ________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY: The document below is the Prerogative Court of Canterbury copy of the will, dated 26 June 1539 and proved 5 July 1541, of Sir William Kingston (d. 14 September 1540), brother-in-law of Elizabeth de Vere (d.1537), Countess of Oxford, the second wife of John de Vere (1442-1513), 13th Earl of Oxford. For the testator’s relationship by marriage to the Countess, see Norcliffe, Charles Best, ed., The Visitation of Yorkshire in the Years 1563 and 1564 Made by William Flower, Vol. 16, (London: Harleian Society, 1881), p. 280, available online. In her will, TNA PROB 11/27/144, the Countess leaves these bequests to her sister, Mary, and to her brother-in-law, Sir William Kingston: Item, I give and bequeath to my brother, Sir William Kingston, knight, my Jesus of diamonds set in gold with 3 great pearls hanging at the same, also my 2 flagons of silver having my Lord of Oxenford’s arms in them. Item, I give and bequeath to my sister, Dame Mary, his wife, a basin and an ewer of silver chased gilt of the newest making afore the chance of fire, weighing 92 ounces; my goblet of gold graven with crankettes and mullets, weighing 13 ounces 1 quarter; and also my book of gold set with pearl. Item, I give and bequeath to my sister, Dame Mary Kingston, and to my sister, Jane Brewes, all my samplers, evenly to be divided between them, and I will my said sister Kingston to have the choice.
    [Show full text]
  • Loddington Thorpe Malsor
    Scale 1:8000 T r a c k H e ap FB ( d is) 92.4m o o k e B r S l a d Po nd Balancing Pond Mo r tu a r y Chapel T r a Chapel c k Cemetery U 102.1m Middle Lodge H1 110.0m Middle Lodge Cemetery 110.3m Filling 111.6m C a r P ark 4 1 Filling Station k o o Stn H 108.8m B r The Barn e Top Lodge l a d S 109.7m U T o p L odge 107.0m 109.1m R o th w e l l Lodge C o tta ges 109.4m T ra c k 2 1 L a y- No 11 WARD b y 110.3m U H Rothwell 1 G r a nge El Su b Sta Rothwell C o tta ges G r a nge 9 1 L ay -b y Ct 0 ESS Ta nks 1 5 6 1 8 21 Rothwell Lodge . 9m 7 111.6m 1 Rothwell Grange F a rm CG 4 Waste Digestion Plant 120.1m WB 114.0m Lay-by 112.5m U 113.7m El Sub Rothwell Lodge H Sta Tr 3 114.0m ac k El Su b Sta CG Woodland Rothwell Wind Pump 3 Adam A1 ( d i s used) 4 106.7m Hospital The 4 A W oodlands Rothwell Grange Hospital Business Park Grange 118.6m U 101.8m Barn Close Cottage H 3 A 4 14 3 C 93.9m 4 H A 123.4m Ta nks 86.9m Sewage Works Sluice Po nd Sewage 87.5m Wks Kingsthorne 127.7m 3 WB 4 Distribution Park UH A 3 95.1m Kingsthorne D ist ribut ion Park O v e rf k l o w T r a c Wyatt's Plantation 3 Glebe S M Pottedbrig F a rm 4 Pumping Station Wyatts A T a nk Spinney F i l te r Beds 102.1m Po nd P a t h Po t (u te m d b ) ri T g r Plantation S a p c i n k n e FB H y Cemetery C Va l v e T ower 2 S lo p in g m a so n ry Po tted Br ig 109.1m 128.9m T rac k CG Landing J e t ty Stages Landing Stage Landing CrematoriumCrematorium Stage Thorpe Malsor Resr Is s ues Telford Way I n d u str i al Estate GP Industrial Estate 125.9m A 116.1m 1 i r r v o e e s R
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Policing 97
    THE HISTORY 4 OF POLICING distribute or post, copy, not Do Copyright ©2015 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. “The myth of the unchanging police “You never can tell what a man is able dominates much of our thinking about to do, but even though I recommend the American police. In both popular ten, and nine of them may disappoint discourse and academic scholarship one me and fail, the tenth one may surprise continually encounters references to the me. That percentage is good enough for ‘tradition-bound’ police who are resistant me, because it is in developing people to change. Nothing could be further from that we make real progress in our own the truth. The history of the American society.” police over the past one hundred years is —August Vollmer (n.d.) a story of drastic, if not radical change.” —Samuel Walker (1977) distribute INTRODUCTION: POLICING LEARNING OBJECTIVES or After finishing this chapter, you should be able to: AS A DYNAMIC ENTITY Policing as we know it today is relatively new. 4.1 Summarize the influence of early The notion of a professional uniformed police officer English policing on policing and the receiving specialized training on the law, weapon use, increasing professionalization of policing and self-defense is taken for granted. In fact, polic- in the United States over time. post,ing has evolved from a system in which officers ini- tially were appointed by friends, given no training, 4.2 Identify how the nature of policing in the provided power to arrest without warrants, engaged United States has changed over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Premises, Sites Etc Within 30 Miles of Harrington Museum Used for Military Purposes in the 20Th Century
    Premises, Sites etc within 30 miles of Harrington Museum used for Military Purposes in the 20th Century The following listing attempts to identify those premises and sites that were used for military purposes during the 20th Century. The listing is very much a works in progress document so if you are aware of any other sites or premises within 30 miles of Harrington, Northamptonshire, then we would very much appreciate receiving details of them. Similarly if you spot any errors, or have further information on those premises/sites that are listed then we would be pleased to hear from you. Please use the reporting sheets at the end of this document and send or email to the Carpetbagger Aviation Museum, Sunnyvale Farm, Harrington, Northampton, NN6 9PF, [email protected] We hope that you find this document of interest. Village/ Town Name of Location / Address Distance to Period used Use Premises Museum Abthorpe SP 646 464 34.8 km World War 2 ANTI AIRCRAFT SEARCHLIGHT BATTERY Northamptonshire The site of a World War II searchlight battery. The site is known to have had a generator and Nissen huts. It was probably constructed between 1939 and 1945 but the site had been destroyed by the time of the Defence of Britain survey. Ailsworth Manor House Cambridgeshire World War 2 HOME GUARD STORE A Company of the 2nd (Peterborough) Battalion Northamptonshire Home Guard used two rooms and a cellar for a company store at the Manor House at Ailsworth Alconbury RAF Alconbury TL 211 767 44.3 km 1938 - 1995 AIRFIELD Huntingdonshire It was previously named 'RAF Abbots Ripton' from 1938 to 9 September 1942 while under RAF Bomber Command control.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Boleyn: Whore Or Martyr?
    Muhareb 1 Anne Boleyn: Whore or Martyr? An Individual’s Religious Beliefs Shaping the Perception of the Queen of England By Samia Muhareb Senior Thesis in History California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 9 June 2010 Grade: Advisor: Dr. Amanda Podany Muhareb 2 One of the most famous and influential English queen’s who altered society both politically and religiously was Anne Boleyn. The influence Anne Boleyn had on English society in the sixteenth century was summed up by historian Charles Beem, “our biggest enemy is terrorism…theirs was the Reformation. You can't overestimate how traumatic the changes in the church would have been. You might get close if you imagined that Monica Lewinsky had been a radical Islamist and Bill Clinton married her and made everyone convert.”1 Anne Boleyn was not the typical English Rose;2 she had an intense tempting quality that greatly attracted King Henry VIII. She was said to possess a delicate and attractive appearance, a vivacious personality, and exotic features since she was not brought up in the English court but rather the French to serve Queen Claude of France. To Henry, Anne symbolized the sophistication and charm of the French court he so earnestly desired.3 Anne Boleyn was the second wife of Henry VIII after his divorce from Katherine, a divorce that would revolutionize England as the country broke free from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England. Before King Henry VIII married Katherine of Aragon, Katherine was wedded to his elder brother Arthur in 1501. A year after their marriage, Arthur died; but the cause of death remains unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • English Coast Defences
    ENGLISH COAST DEFENCES GEORGE CLINCH PART I ENGLISH COAST DEFENCES PREHISTORIC CAMPS Round the coast of England there are many prehistoric earthworks of great extent and strength. These fall generally under the heads of hill-top fortresses and promontory camps. The works comprised under the former head are so arranged as to take the greatest possible advantage of natural hill-tops, often of large size. On the line where the comparatively level top developed into a more or less precipitous slope a deep ditch was dug, and the earth so removed was in most cases thrown outwards so as to form a rampart which increased the original difficulties of the sloping hill-side. The latter type of earthwork, called promontory camps from their natural conformation, were strengthened by the digging of a deep ditch, so as to cut off the promontory from the main table-land from which it projected, and in some cases the sides of the camp were made more precipitous by artificial scarping. An examination of these types of earthworks leads to the conclusion that they were probably tribal enclosures for the safe-guarding of cattle, etc.; that, strictly speaking, they were not military works at all, and, in any case, had no relation to national defence against enemies coming over-sea. One finds in different parts of the country a prevalent tradition that the Romans occupied the more ancient British hill-top strongholds, and the name “Caesar‟s Camp” is popularly applied to many of them. If such an occupation really took place it was, in all probability, only of a temporary character.
    [Show full text]
  • Constables Accounts
    Worfield Constables Accounts 1590-1675 this series is P314/M constables accounts [P314/M/1/2] 1590 Robert and Roger … constables for carrying a load of wood for the coronation 15d for bringing a poor woman to Claverley 3d for bringing a poor woman to Stockton 3d for bringing a … to Bridgnorth and for his diet 3d for bringing a poor woman on Syverne 3d for going 2 times with hue and cry to Bridgnorth 6d laid out at the muster at Shifnal 4s 8d paid at Bridgnorth to the justices for one soldier, conduct money 41s for mending a calinder flaske and tuchbox 12d for a girdle 6d for one locker and two chapes for daggers 6d for 2 sword girdles 2s 4d for the charges of a prest soldier 16d for the carrying of furniture to Bridgnorth and expenses there for mending 2 girdles 3d for bringing a lame man in a cart to Stockton 6d for wages of soldier and expenses of the training 2 days 16d for a sheffe of arrows for a bow for a quiver [ page torn] [next page] … laid out to a soldier who went into Ireland 36s for his diet and carrying his furniture to Shrewsbury and for a ?girdle 2s 11d for mending a flask, tuchboxe and headpiece 4d for a flask and matchbox 4s 4d for match and powder 8d for other charges at Bridgnorth14d for bringing a man to Pattingham 6d for keeping to boys to Bridgnorth as prisoners for the space of 3 days 8d for bringing them to Bridgnorth 2d for bringing them to Shrewsbury 3s 4d laid out at Bewdley concerning carriage of the councell stuff 21s 3d for ten calyvers and furniture to them 33s laid out at the subsidy at Bridgnorth 20d for
    [Show full text]
  • 67$1&( :$/.(56 $662&,$7,21 ³ .Hqw *Urxs
    LONG DISTANCE WALKERS ASSOCIATION O Kent Group Aim: to further the interests of those who enjoy long distance walking NEWSLETTER Ernie Bishop: 1927-2016 M obituary and tributes inside Ernie Bishop with two other Kent chairmen Brian Buttifant (centre) and Peter Barnett (right) with a young Don Newman (left) KENT GROUP NEEDS YOU: PLEASE COMPLETE OUR MEMBERSS SURVEY AND YOU MAY WIN A !25 GO OUTDOORS VOUCHER - INSIDE Number 99 April 2016 www.ldwa.org.uk/kent Photos from the Sevenoaks Circular Walks 2016 by Bryan Clarke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
    [Show full text]
  • International Passenger Survey, 2008
    UK Data Archive Study Number 5993 - International Passenger Survey, 2008 Airline code Airline name Code 2L 2L Helvetic Airways 26099 2M 2M Moldavian Airlines (Dump 31999 2R 2R Star Airlines (Dump) 07099 2T 2T Canada 3000 Airln (Dump) 80099 3D 3D Denim Air (Dump) 11099 3M 3M Gulf Stream Interntnal (Dump) 81099 3W 3W Euro Manx 01699 4L 4L Air Astana 31599 4P 4P Polonia 30699 4R 4R Hamburg International 08099 4U 4U German Wings 08011 5A 5A Air Atlanta 01099 5D 5D Vbird 11099 5E 5E Base Airlines (Dump) 11099 5G 5G Skyservice Airlines 80099 5P 5P SkyEurope Airlines Hungary 30599 5Q 5Q EuroCeltic Airways 01099 5R 5R Karthago Airlines 35499 5W 5W Astraeus 01062 6B 6B Britannia Airways 20099 6H 6H Israir (Airlines and Tourism ltd) 57099 6N 6N Trans Travel Airlines (Dump) 11099 6Q 6Q Slovak Airlines 30499 6U 6U Air Ukraine 32201 7B 7B Kras Air (Dump) 30999 7G 7G MK Airlines (Dump) 01099 7L 7L Sun d'Or International 57099 7W 7W Air Sask 80099 7Y 7Y EAE European Air Express 08099 8A 8A Atlas Blue 35299 8F 8F Fischer Air 30399 8L 8L Newair (Dump) 12099 8Q 8Q Onur Air (Dump) 16099 8U 8U Afriqiyah Airways 35199 9C 9C Gill Aviation (Dump) 01099 9G 9G Galaxy Airways (Dump) 22099 9L 9L Colgan Air (Dump) 81099 9P 9P Pelangi Air (Dump) 60599 9R 9R Phuket Airlines 66499 9S 9S Blue Panorama Airlines 10099 9U 9U Air Moldova (Dump) 31999 9W 9W Jet Airways (Dump) 61099 9Y 9Y Air Kazakstan (Dump) 31599 A3 A3 Aegean Airlines 22099 A7 A7 Air Plus Comet 25099 AA AA American Airlines 81028 AAA1 AAA Ansett Air Australia (Dump) 50099 AAA2 AAA Ansett New Zealand (Dump)
    [Show full text]