ART ART 100 Introduction to Art Students Will Be Able to Identify Works of Art Created in Various Periods, from Prehistoric Through Contemporary
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Back to the Future of Dissonance Theory: Cognitive Consistency As a Core Motive
Social Cognition, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2012, pp. 652–668 GAWRONSKI COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY AS A CORE MOTIVE BACK TO THE FUTURE OF DISSONANCE THEORY: COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY AS A CORE MOTIVE Bertram Gawronski The University of Western Ontario In his theory of cognitive dissonance, Festinger (1957) described cogni- tive consistency as a psychological need that is as basic as hunger and thirst. Over the past decades, however, the idea of cognitive consistency as a core motive has been replaced by an increasingly narrow focus on dissonance-related changes in attitudes and alternative accounts that at- tribute such changes to mechanisms of ego-defense. The current article aims at reviving the idea of cognitive consistency as a core motive, arguing that inconsistency serves as an epistemic cue for errors in one’s system of beliefs. Because inconsistency can often be resolved in multiple ways, motivated reasoning can bias processes of inconsistency resolution toward desired conclusions, although motivated distortions are constrained by the need for cognitive consistency. The ubiquity of consistency processes is il- lustrated through its role in various instances of threat-compensation (e.g., victim derogation, self-verification, system justification) and the insights that can be gained from reconceptualizing various social psychological phenomena in terms of cognitive consistency (e.g., prejudice-related belief systems, dispositional inference, stability of first impressions). Festinger’s (1957) theory of cognitive dissonance is arguably one of the most in- fluential theories in the history of social psychology. The theory postulates that inconsistent cognitions elicit an aversive state of arousal (i.e., dissonance), which in turn produces a desire to reduce the underlying inconsistency and to maintain a state of consonance.1 Although Festinger was convinced that the psychological need for cognitive consistency is as basic as hunger and thirst, several revisions 1. -
Who Pays Soundexchange: Q1 - Q3 2017
Payments received through 09/30/2017 Who Pays SoundExchange: Q1 - Q3 2017 Entity Name License Type ACTIVAIRE.COM BES AMBIANCERADIO.COM BES AURA MULTIMEDIA CORPORATION BES CLOUDCOVERMUSIC.COM BES COROHEALTH.COM BES CUSTOMCHANNELS.NET (BES) BES DMX MUSIC BES ELEVATEDMUSICSERVICES.COM BES GRAYV.COM BES INSTOREAUDIONETWORK.COM BES IT'S NEVER 2 LATE BES JUKEBOXY BES MANAGEDMEDIA.COM BES MEDIATRENDS.BIZ BES MIXHITS.COM BES MTI Digital Inc - MTIDIGITAL.BIZ BES MUSIC CHOICE BES MUSIC MAESTRO BES MUZAK.COM BES PRIVATE LABEL RADIO BES RFC MEDIA - BES BES RISE RADIO BES ROCKBOT, INC. BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC BES SOUND-MACHINE.COM BES STARTLE INTERNATIONAL INC. BES Stingray Business BES Stingray Music USA BES STORESTREAMS.COM BES STUDIOSTREAM.COM BES TARGET MEDIA CENTRAL INC BES Thales InFlyt Experience BES UMIXMEDIA.COM BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC CABSAT Stingray Music USA CABSAT MUSIC CHOICE PES MUZAK.COM PES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC SDARS 181.FM Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Christian Music) Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Religious) Webcasting 8TRACKS.COM Webcasting 903 NETWORK RADIO Webcasting A-1 COMMUNICATIONS Webcasting ABERCROMBIE.COM Webcasting ABUNDANT RADIO Webcasting ACAVILLE.COM Webcasting *SoundExchange accepts and distributes payments without confirming eligibility or compliance under Sections 112 or 114 of the Copyright Act, and it does not waive the rights of artists or copyright owners that receive such payments. Payments received through 09/30/2017 ACCURADIO.COM Webcasting ACRN.COM Webcasting AD ASTRA RADIO Webcasting ADAMS RADIO GROUP Webcasting ADDICTEDTORADIO.COM Webcasting ADORATION Webcasting AGM BAKERSFIELD Webcasting AGM CALIFORNIA - SAN LUIS OBISPO Webcasting AGM NEVADA, LLC Webcasting AGM SANTA MARIA, L.P. -
Social Psychological Approaches to Consciousness
P1: KAE 0521857430c20 CUFX049/Zelazo 0 521 85743 0 printer: cupusbw November 6, 2006 15:55 F. Anthropology/Social Psychology of Consciousness 551 P1: KAE 0521857430c20 CUFX049/Zelazo 0 521 85743 0 printer: cupusbw November 6, 2006 15:55 552 P1: KAE 0521857430c20 CUFX049/Zelazo 0 521 85743 0 printer: cupusbw November 6, 2006 15:55 CHAPTER 20 Social Psychological Approaches to Consciousness John A. Bargh Abstract any given phenomenon. However, because these studies focus on the relative influence A central focus of contemporary social psy- of both conscious and automatic processes, chology has been the relative influence there has been a strong influence within of external (i.e., environmental, situational) social psychology of dual-process models versus internal (i.e., personality, attitudes) that capture these distinctions (e.g., inten- forces in determining social judgment and tional versus unintentional, effortful versus social behavior. But many of the classic find- efficient, aware versus unaware). Another ings in the field – such as Milgram’s obe- reason that dual-process models became dience research, Asch’s conformity studies, popular in social psychology is that the dis- and Zimbardo’s mock-prison experiment – tinction nicely captured an important truth seemed to indicate that the external forces about social cognition and behavior: that swamped the internal ones when the chips people seem to process the identical social were down. Where in the social psycholog- information differently depending on its rel- ical canon was the evidence showing the evance or centrality to their important goals internal, intentional, rational control of one’s and purposes. own behavior? Interestingly, most models of a given phenomenon in social psychol- ogy have started with the assumption of a Introduction major mediational role played by conscious choice and intentional guidance of judg- Historically, social psychology has been con- ment and behavior processes. -
Why Accuracy Dominates Bias and Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2017), Page 1 of 65 doi:10.1017/S0140525X1500062X,e1 Précis of Social Perception and Social Reality: Why accuracy dominates bias and self-fulfilling prophecy Lee Jussim Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08544. [email protected] http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/∼jussim Abstract: Social Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012) reviews the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reaches three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting. (2) Perceptions of individuals and groups tend to be at least moderately, and often highly accurate. (3) Conclusions based on the research on error, bias, and self-fulfilling prophecies routinely greatly overstate their power and pervasiveness, and consistently ignore evidence of accuracy, agreement, and rationality in social perception. The weight of the evidence – including some of the most classic research widely interpreted as testifying to the power of biased and self-fulfilling processes – is that interpersonal expectations relate to social reality primarily because they reflect rather than cause social reality. This is the case not only for teacher expectations, but also for social stereotypes, both as perceptions of groups, and as the bases of expectations regarding individuals. The time is long overdue to replace cherry-picked and unjustified stories emphasizing error, bias, the power of self-fulfilling prophecies, and the inaccuracy of stereotypes, with conclusions that more closely correspond to the full range of empirical findings, which includes multiple failed replications of classic expectancy studies, meta- analyses consistently demonstrating small or at best moderate expectancy effects, and high accuracy in social perception. -
Illusion and Well-Being: a Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health
Psyehologlcal Bulletin Copyright 1988 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 1988, Vol. 103, No. 2, 193-210 0033-2909/88/$00.75 Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health Shelley E. Taylor Jonathon D. Brown University of California, Los Angeles Southern Methodist University Many prominenttheorists have argued that accurate perceptions of the self, the world, and the future are essential for mental health. Yet considerable research evidence suggests that overly positive self- evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism are characteris- tic of normal human thought. Moreover, these illusions appear to promote other criteria of mental health, including the ability to care about others, the ability to be happy or contented, and the ability to engage in productive and creative work. These strategies may succeed, in large part, because both the social world and cognitive-processingmechanisms impose filters on incoming information that distort it in a positive direction; negativeinformation may be isolated and represented in as unthreat- ening a manner as possible. These positive illusions may be especially useful when an individual receives negative feedback or is otherwise threatened and may be especially adaptive under these circumstances. Decades of psychological wisdom have established contact dox: How can positive misperceptions of one's self and the envi- with reality as a hallmark of mental health. In this view, the ronment be adaptive when accurate information processing wcU-adjusted person is thought to engage in accurate reality seems to be essential for learning and successful functioning in testing,whereas the individual whose vision is clouded by illu- the world? Our primary goal is to weave a theoretical context sion is regarded as vulnerable to, ifnot already a victim of, men- for thinking about mental health. -
Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory
IFM LAB TUTORIAL SERIES # 6, COPYRIGHT c IFM LAB Cognitive Functions of the Brain: Perception, Attention and Memory Jiawei Zhang [email protected] Founder and Director Information Fusion and Mining Laboratory (First Version: May 2019; Revision: May 2019.) Abstract This is a follow-up tutorial article of [17] and [16], in this paper, we will introduce several important cognitive functions of the brain. Brain cognitive functions are the mental processes that allow us to receive, select, store, transform, develop, and recover information that we've received from external stimuli. This process allows us to understand and to relate to the world more effectively. Cognitive functions are brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. They are related with the mechanisms of how we learn, remember, problem-solve, and pay attention, etc. To be more specific, in this paper, we will talk about the perception, attention and memory functions of the human brain. Several other brain cognitive functions, e.g., arousal, decision making, natural language, motor coordination, planning, problem solving and thinking, will be added to this paper in the later versions, respectively. Many of the materials used in this paper are from wikipedia and several other neuroscience introductory articles, which will be properly cited in this paper. This is the last of the three tutorial articles about the brain. The readers are suggested to read this paper after the previous two tutorial articles on brain structure and functions [17] as well as the brain basic neural units [16]. Keywords: The Brain; Cognitive Function; Consciousness; Attention; Learning; Memory Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Perception 3 2.1 Detailed Process of Perception . -
Emotion: Social and Neuroscience Perspectives Mahzarin Banaji and Nalini Ambady Spring 2002
Emotion: Social and Neuroscience Perspectives Mahzarin Banaji and Nalini Ambady Spring 2002 When two disciplines, one interested in understanding social cognition, the other in understanding the brain meet, a topic of obvious mutual interest is the study of emotion. Both neuroscientists and psychologists have learned on their own about the neural basis of emotion and its expressions in social life. In this course, two instructors whose primary expertise is in social cognition, will teach about social and neuroscience perspectives on emotion, with a focus on recent advances. The first part of the course will focus on theoretical perspectives that address the neurobiology and neuropsychology of emotion. The second part will require attention to specific emotions such as fear, anger, and disgust – emotions whose neural basis is best understood. The third section will explore the interaction of emotion with memory and the fourth will delve into the newly growing area of emotion and social relations. Finally, in section 5, we take up issues concerning attitude and beliefs as examined in the minds and brains of individuals as they construe themselves and others as members of social groups. Requirements. 1. Students will be expected to lead at least one of the class sessions, most likely with other students, depending on the size of the class. This will count for 20% of the final grade. 2. The day before each class session, students will be expected to turn in a thoughtful discussion question that draws on the readings. Of course, the questions should be relevant to the topic. Attempts to integrate social and neuroscience perspectives on the issue are particularly important. -
Facial Image Manipulation : a Tool for Investigating Social Perception
This is a repository copy of Facial image manipulation : a tool for investigating social perception. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/118275/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Sutherland, Clare, Rhodes, Gillian and Young, Andrew William orcid.org/0000-0002-1202- 6297 (2017) Facial image manipulation : a tool for investigating social perception. Social Psychological and Personality Science. pp. 538-551. ISSN 1948-5506 https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617697176 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ FACIAL IMAGE MANIPULATION 1 Authors' version of manuscript accepted for publication in Social Psychological and Personality Science. Date accepted: 30th January 2017. Facial Image Manipulation: A Tool for Investigating Social Perception Clare AM Sutherlanda, Gillian Rhodesa & Andrew W Younga,b aARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. bDepartment of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK. -
Social Perception and Attribution 3 Brian Parkinson
9781405124003_4_003.qxd 10/31/07 2:55 PM Page 42 Social Perception and Attribution 3 Brian Parkinson KEY CONCEPTS actor–observer difference analysis of non-common effects attributional bias augmenting principle causal power causal schema central trait cognitive algebra configural model consensus information consistency information correspondence bias correspondent inference theory covariation theory depressive realism discounting principle distinctiveness information false consensus bias implicit personality theory learned helplessness theory naïve scientist model peripheral trait primacy effect salience self-fulfilling prophecy self-serving biases 9781405124003_4_003.qxd 10/31/07 2:55 PM Page 43 CHAPTER OUTLINE How can we tell what other people are like? How do we explain their actions and experiences (and our own)? This chapter introduces research intended to answer these questions. Studies of social perception show that impressions of others depend on what information is presented, how it is pre- sented, and on prior assumptions about how it fits together. Research into attribution demonstrates that perceivers consistently favour certain kinds of explanation over others. Our impressions and ex- planations are also shaped by our specific reasons for constructing them. In particular, we present social events in different ways to different people under different circumstances. Both social percep- tion and attribution therefore involve communication in combination with private interpretation. Introduction Can you remember when you first met your closest friend? How quickly did you get a sense of what he or she was like, and of how well you would get on together? Did your impression turn out to be correct, and if not, where and why did you go wrong? Now imagine that instead of meeting another person face to face, you are told about them by someone else. -
Social Psychology Could Legitimately Be Regarded As &Dquo
Cognitive Social Psychology Melvin Manis1 University of Michigan and Ann Arbor VA Hospital Abstract. Social psychology is presently dominated by cognitive theories that emphasize the importance of personal beliefs and in- tellective processes as the immediate determinants of behavior. The present paper explores two areas of.research within this tra- dition : (1) beliefs about the external world, and (2) beliefs about the self. The paper concludes with a brief critique of the cognitive approach to social psychology. Social psychology, along with many other areas of behavioral research, is presently dominated by the cognitive point of view. In preparing to write this paper it was therefore difficult to determine what aspects of social psychology could legitimately be regarded as &dquo;noncognitive,&dquo; and hence irrelevant to the topic under consideration. I have therefore taken the liberty of covering the field somewhat selectively, so that I might have the opportunity to discuss some continuing themes that strike me as particularly interesting and noteworthy. For the social psychologist, the cognitive approach normally implies an emphasis on personal beliefs and hypotheses as the immediate determin- ants of behavior. Cognitive social psychologists thus focus on what Lewin called the perceived world, including the inferences and illusions that derive from cognitive activity, as opposed to the unembellished objective reality of the physical and social environment. The dominant tone empha- sizes man’s rational, intellective processes and downgrades the importance of irrational and self-serving motives, mindless conformity, and mechan- istic learning principles. Thus, a number of investigators have recently focussed attention on the number and the quality of the arguments that support a given position, as important determinants of attitude change (Burnstein & Vinokur, 1977; Eagly, 1974; Greenwald, 1968). -
STEVEN J. STROESSNER Curriculum Vitae January, 2019 PERSONAL
STEVEN J. STROESSNER Curriculum Vitae January, 2019 PERSONAL DATA Current Rank: Professor of Psychology, Barnard College Office Address: Department of Psychology Barnard College, Columbia University 3009 Broadway New York, NY 10027-6598 Contact: [email protected] 718.637.7696 DEGREES IN HIGHER EDUCATION Ph.D. 1992, University of California, Santa Barbara, Social/Personality Psychology B.A. 1987, Hope College, Psychology and Psychology/Sociology, Magna Cum Laude PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION Professor, Department of Communication, UCLA, 2020- Professor, Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 2007-2020 Senior Research Scientist, Disney Research, 2015-2017 Ann Whitney Olin Professor of Psychology, Barnard College, 2012-2017 Chair, Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 2004-2007 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 2001-2007 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Barnard College, 1992-2001 ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL HONORS Elected Fellow, Society of Experimental Social Psychology, 2009 Elected Fellow, Association for Psychological Science, 2007 Elected member of Society for Experimental Social Psychology, 1997 Recipient, Gladys Brooks Faculty Excellence in Teaching Award, 1996 Jacob K. Javits National Graduate Student Fellowship, 1987-91 Social Sciences Dissertation Award, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1991 Elected member of Phi Beta Kappa, 1987 Sigma Xi Award for Excellence in Research, 1987 AFS International/Intercultural Scholar to the Republic of South Africa, 1982 -
530 CIAO BRAMPTON on ETHNIC AM 530 N43 35 20 W079 52 54 09-Feb
frequency callsign city format identification slogan latitude longitude last change in listing kHz d m s d m s (yy-mmm) 530 CIAO BRAMPTON ON ETHNIC AM 530 N43 35 20 W079 52 54 09-Feb 540 CBKO COAL HARBOUR BC VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N50 36 4 W127 34 23 09-May 540 CBXQ # UCLUELET BC VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N48 56 44 W125 33 7 16-Oct 540 CBYW WELLS BC VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N53 6 25 W121 32 46 09-May 540 CBT GRAND FALLS NL VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N48 57 3 W055 37 34 00-Jul 540 CBMM # SENNETERRE QC VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N48 22 42 W077 13 28 18-Feb 540 CBK REGINA SK VARIETY CBC RADIO ONE N51 40 48 W105 26 49 00-Jul 540 WASG DAPHNE AL BLK GSPL/RELIGION N30 44 44 W088 5 40 17-Sep 540 KRXA CARMEL VALLEY CA SPANISH RELIGION EL SEMBRADOR RADIO N36 39 36 W121 32 29 14-Aug 540 KVIP REDDING CA RELIGION SRN VERY INSPIRING N40 37 25 W122 16 49 09-Dec 540 WFLF PINE HILLS FL TALK FOX NEWSRADIO 93.1 N28 22 52 W081 47 31 18-Oct 540 WDAK COLUMBUS GA NEWS/TALK FOX NEWSRADIO 540 N32 25 58 W084 57 2 13-Dec 540 KWMT FORT DODGE IA C&W FOX TRUE COUNTRY N42 29 45 W094 12 27 13-Dec 540 KMLB MONROE LA NEWS/TALK/SPORTS ABC NEWSTALK 105.7&540 N32 32 36 W092 10 45 19-Jan 540 WGOP POCOMOKE CITY MD EZL/OLDIES N38 3 11 W075 34 11 18-Oct 540 WXYG SAUK RAPIDS MN CLASSIC ROCK THE GOAT N45 36 18 W094 8 21 17-May 540 KNMX LAS VEGAS NM SPANISH VARIETY NBC K NEW MEXICO N35 34 25 W105 10 17 13-Nov 540 WBWD ISLIP NY SOUTH ASIAN BOLLY 540 N40 45 4 W073 12 52 18-Dec 540 WRGC SYLVA NC VARIETY NBC THE RIVER N35 23 35 W083 11 38 18-Jun 540 WETC # WENDELL-ZEBULON NC RELIGION EWTN DEVINE MERCY R.