Action, and Action Now
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany
Radio and the Rise of the Nazis in Prewar Germany Maja Adena, Ruben Enikolopov, Maria Petrova, Veronica Santarosa, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya* May 10, 2014 How far can the media protect or undermine democratic institutions in unconsolidated democracies, and how persuasive can they be in ensuring public support for dictator’s policies? We study this question in the context of Germany between 1929 and 1939. Radio slowed down the growth of political support for the Nazis, when Weimar government introduced pro-government political news in 1929, denying access to the radio for the Nazis up till January 1933. This effect was reversed in 5 weeks after the transfer of control over the radio to the Nazis following Hitler’s appointment as chancellor. After full consolidation of power, radio propaganda helped the Nazis to enroll new party members and encouraged denunciations of Jews and other open expressions of anti-Semitism. The effect of Nazi radio propaganda varied depending on the listeners’ predispositions toward the message. Nazi radio was most effective in places where anti-Semitism was historically high and had a negative effect on the support for Nazi messages in places with historically low anti-Semitism. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! * Maja Adena is from Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung. Ruben Enikolopov is from Barcelona Institute for Political Economy and Governance, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona GSE, and the New Economic School, Moscow. Maria Petrova is from Barcelona Institute for Political Economy and Governance, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona GSE, and the New Economic School. Veronica Santarosa is from the Law School of the University of Michigan. Ekaterina Zhuravskaya is from Paris School of Economics (EHESS) and the New Economic School. -
Austerity and the Rise of the Nazi Party Gregori Galofré-Vilà, Christopher M
Austerity and the Rise of the Nazi party Gregori Galofré-Vilà, Christopher M. Meissner, Martin McKee, and David Stuckler NBER Working Paper No. 24106 December 2017, Revised in September 2020 JEL No. E6,N1,N14,N44 ABSTRACT We study the link between fiscal austerity and Nazi electoral success. Voting data from a thousand districts and a hundred cities for four elections between 1930 and 1933 shows that areas more affected by austerity (spending cuts and tax increases) had relatively higher vote shares for the Nazi party. We also find that the localities with relatively high austerity experienced relatively high suffering (measured by mortality rates) and these areas’ electorates were more likely to vote for the Nazi party. Our findings are robust to a range of specifications including an instrumental variable strategy and a border-pair policy discontinuity design. Gregori Galofré-Vilà Martin McKee Department of Sociology Department of Health Services Research University of Oxford and Policy Manor Road Building London School of Hygiene Oxford OX1 3UQ & Tropical Medicine United Kingdom 15-17 Tavistock Place [email protected] London WC1H 9SH United Kingdom Christopher M. Meissner [email protected] Department of Economics University of California, Davis David Stuckler One Shields Avenue Università Bocconi Davis, CA 95616 Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on and NBER Social Dynamics and Public Policy (Dondena) [email protected] Milan, Italy [email protected] Austerity and the Rise of the Nazi party Gregori Galofr´e-Vil`a Christopher M. Meissner Martin McKee David Stuckler Abstract: We study the link between fiscal austerity and Nazi electoral success. -
3 a Traveling Elk
3 A Traveling Elk The fact that Jim Farley devoted almost a third of his ‹rst autobiogra- phy, Behind the Ballots, to the story of the 1932 campaign to nominate and elect Franklin D. Roosevelt to the presidency strongly suggests that in 1938, when the book was published, Farley believed that this campaign was the most important period of his career. Farley’s account is interest- ing both for its entertaining narrative and for the fact that he places more emphasis on the preconvention campaign than on the postcon- vention period. Farley’s campaign story climaxes not on election night in November 1932 but four months earlier, in the sweltering heat of Chicago, where, deprived of sleep and desperate to ‹nd suf‹cient dele- gates to swing the convention behind their man, Farley and the rest of the Roosevelt team fought for and secured the presidential nomination. When Roosevelt triumphed (after four ballots and ‹ve days of intrigue and backroom deals), he became the ‹rst presidential nominee to address a major party convention in person. It was then, speaking shortly after seven in the evening on July 2, 1932, that Franklin Roosevelt pledged himself, famously, to “a New Deal for the American people.”1 Farley’s narrative of the preconvention and postconvention cam- paigns falls foul of the usual autobiographical pitfalls. Rather implausi- bly, Farley contrives to place himself at the center of almost every inci- dent of note on Roosevelt’s road to the White House. As a result, his story is not always convincing, though it does provide one of the more valuable ‹rsthand accounts of the 1932 campaign. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt Through Eleanor's Eyes
Franklin D. Roosevelt Through Eleanor’s eyes EPISODE TRANSCRIPT Listen to Presidential at http://wapo.st/presidential This transcript was run through an automated transcription service and then lightly edited for clarity. There may be typos or small discrepancies from the podcast audio. LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: March 4, 1933. A grey and cold Inauguration Day. Outgoing president Herbert Hoover and incoming president Franklin Delano Roosevelt had on their winter coats, and they had blankets wrapped around their legs as they rode side-by-side in an open touring car from the White House to the East Portico of the Capitol building for Roosevelt's swearing in. There were secret ramps set up so that FDR could wheel himself nearly all the way to the stage. And then with the help of his son James, he propped himself out of the wheel chair and walked slowly to the lectern. He stared out at the crowd of Americans who were gathered there to watch his inauguration during these dark days of the Great Depression, and he took the oath of office. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT CLIP LILLIAN CUNNINGHAM: Roosevelt's hand was on his family's 250-year-old Dutch bible. The page was open to 1 Corinthians 13, which has the words: “Love is patient. Love is kind. It does not envy. It does not boast. It is not proud. It does not dishonor others. It is not self-seeking. It is not easily angered. It keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil, but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes. -
Cine Y Enseñanza En Ciencias De La Salud. El Caso De La Polio. Desde La Anatomía a La Microbiología
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA Departamento de Anatomía e Histología humana Cine y enseñanza en ciencias de la salud. El caso de la polio. Desde la Anatomía a la Microbiología Trabajo presentado por D. Enrique García Merino para optar al grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Salamanca Dirigida por: D. Francisco Collía y Dña. María José Fresnadillo Campus .Mi§uel de Unamuno» Avda. Campo Charro, s/n. Teléfono 34 23 294547 Fax 34 23 294687 UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA 37007. -SALAMANCA (España) Departamento de Anatomia e Histologia Humanas D. FRANcrsco DE pAULA cor-lía rrnruÁruoEz, pRoFESoR TrruLAR DEL DEpARTAMENTo DE aruarovríe E HrsroLocía uuvrRruas y oñn vranía.rosÉ rRrsmADrLLo rvrRRrírurz pRoFESoRA coNTRATADA DocroR DE MrcRoBror-ocín DEL DEpARTAMENTo MEDtctNA pREVENTtvA sALUD púgltcR y MrcRoBror-ocía vrÉorcR DE LA FAcULTAD DE MEDtctNA DE LA UN IVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA CERTIFICAN: Que D. ENRIQUE CRnCÍa MERINO ha realizado, bajo nuestra dirección, el trabajo titulado ,,CINE Y ¡rrISrÑAruZR EN CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD. EL CASoDE LA PoLIo. DESDE m RruRrovIía a LA MICROBIOI-OCíA" en los Departamentos Anatomía e Histología humanas y Medicina Preventiva Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica de la Universidad de Salamanca y que reúne, a nuestro juicio, meritos suficientes para poder optar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Salamanca. Y para que conste, firmamos el presente certificado, en Salamanca a 22 de octubre de 201,4 snadillo Martínez AGRADECIMIENTOS Este trabajo no habría sido posible sin la colaboración de muchas personas que me han brindado su ayuda, sus conocimientos y su apoyo, por eso quiero agradecerles a todos ellos cuanto han hecho por mí, para que pudiera llegar a buen fin este trabajo de la mejor forma posible. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title A Soldier at Heart: The Life of Smedley Butler, 1881-1940 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gn7b51j Author Myers, Eric Dennis Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles A Soldier at Heart: The Life of Smedley Butler, 1881 - 1940 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Eric Dennis Myers 2013 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION A Soldier at Heart: The Life of Smedley Butler, 1881 - 1940 by Eric Dennis Myers Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2013 Professor Joan Waugh, Chair The dissertation is a historical biography of Smedley Darlington Butler (1881-1940), a decorated soldier and critic of war profiteering during the 1930s. A two-time Congressional Medal of Honor winner and son of a powerful congressman, Butler was one of the most prominent military figures of his era. He witnessed firsthand the American expansionism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, participating in all of the major conflicts and most of the minor ones. Following his retirement in 1931, Butler became an outspoken critic of American intervention, arguing in speeches and writings against war profiteering and the injustices of expansionism. His critiques represented a wide swath of public opinion at the time – the majority of Americans supported anti-interventionist policies through 1939. Yet unlike other members of the movement, Butler based his theories not on abstract principles, but on experiences culled from decades of soldiering: the terrors and wasted resources of the battlefield, ! ""! ! the use of the American military to bolster corrupt foreign governments, and the influence of powerful, domestic moneyed interests. -
Franklin Roosevelt, Frank Hague, and the Presidential Election of 1936 in New Jersey
NJS: An Interdisciplinary Journal Winter 2016 120 “A Common Interest” Franklin Roosevelt, Frank Hague, and the Presidential Election of 1936 in New Jersey By Si Sheppard DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v2i1.30 The Great Depression and the New Deal forged a mutually beneficial alliance between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mayor Frank Hague of Jersey City. Each needed the other. Hague benefited from the federal funds he was allocated by the New Deal relief agencies. Channeling this government assistance through his political machine in Jersey City enabled him to consolidate his control over Hudson County and ultimately become the dominant figure of the Democratic Party in New Jersey. In return, Hague pledged to secure New Jersey for Roosevelt in his reelection campaign. Ironically, Hague got the better of this arrangement. Roosevelt’s personal popularity would have ensured his reelection in 1936 regardless of Hague’s level of commitment. But by entrenching Hague’s authority, as the New Deal tide ebbed over the ensuing years, and elections in New Jersey became more competitive, the President became ever more dependent on the capacity of the Mayor to deliver the votes he needed. This necessitated a policy of willful indifference towards Hague’s increasingly autocratic and corrupt maladministration. New Jersey today is a loyal “Blue” state, having delivered its electoral votes to the Democratic Party’s candidate for President in every election for a generation. That was not always the case, however; when Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for reelection in 1936, New Jersey was considered a key “swing” state. -
Historical Materials in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library
HISTORICAL MATERIALS IN THE FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION April 2011 FOREWORD It seems to me that the dedication of a library is in itself an act of faith. To bring together the records of the past and to house them in buildings where they will be preserved for the use of men and women in the future, a Nation must believe in three things. It must believe in the past. It must believe in the future. It must, above all, believe in the capacity of its own people so to learn from the past that they can gain in judgement in creating their own future. ...This latest addition to the archives of America is dedicated at a moment when government of the people by themselves is being attacked everywhere. It is, therefore, proof - if any proof is needed - that our confidence in the future of democracy has not diminished in this Nation and will not diminish. Franklin D. Roosevelt Remarks at the dedication of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. June 30, 1941 This is a list of holdings of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Included are the President's personal and family papers, papers covering his public career at the state and national level, those of Eleanor Roosevelt, as well as those of many of his associates in public and private life. The Library, a gift to the American people from the President, had its beginnings in 1939 when Franklin Roosevelt turned over to the Government 16 acres of the family estate at Hyde Park. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1957 A Rhetorical Study of the Gubernatorial Speaking of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Paul Jordan Pennington Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Pennington, Paul Jordan, "A Rhetorical Study of the Gubernatorial Speaking of Franklin D. Roosevelt." (1957). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 222. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/222 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A RHETORICAL STUD* OP THE GUBERNATORIAL SPEAKING OP FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Meohanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Speech by Paul Jordan Pennington B. A., Henderson State Teachers College, 19U8 M. A., Oklahoma University, 1950 August, 1957 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to acknowledge the inspiration, guidance, and continuous supervision of Dr. Waldo W. Braden, Professor of Speech at Louisiana State University. As the writer1s major advisor, he has given generously of his time, his efforts, and his sound advice. Dr. Braden is in no way responsible for any errors or short-comings of this study, but his suggestions are largely responsible for any merits it may possess. Dr. C. M. Wise, Head of the Department of Speech, and Dr. -
The Great Depression: an Overview by David C
Introduction The Great Depression: An Overview by David C. Wheelock Why should students learn about the Great Depression? Our grandparents and great-grandparents lived through these tough times, but you may think that you should focus on more recent episodes in Ameri- can life. In this essay, I hope to convince you that the Great Depression is worthy of your interest and deserves attention in economics, social studies and history courses. One reason to study the Great Depression is that it was by far the worst economic catastrophe of the 20th century and, perhaps, the worst in our nation’s history. Between 1929 and 1933, the quantity of goods and services produced in the United States fell by one-third, the unemployment rate soared to 25 percent of the labor force, the stock market lost 80 percent of its value and some 7,000 banks failed. At the store, the price of chicken fell from 38 cents a pound to 12 cents, the price of eggs dropped from 50 cents a dozen to just over 13 cents, and the price of gasoline fell from 10 cents a gallon to less than a nickel. Still, many families went hungry, and few could afford to own a car. Another reason to study the Great Depression is that the sheer magnitude of the economic collapse— and the fact that it involved every aspect of our economy and every region of our country—makes this event a great vehicle for teaching important economic concepts. You can learn about inflation and defla- tion, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and unemployment by comparing the Depression with more recent experiences. -
Nber Working Paper Series
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HIGHWAY TO HITLER Nico Voigtlaender Hans-Joachim Voth Working Paper 20150 http://www.nber.org/papers/w20150 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2014 For helpful comments, we thank Sascha Becker, Tim Besley, Leonardo Bursztyn, Davide Cantoni, Bruno Caprettini, Melissa Dell, Ruben Enikolopov, Rick Hornbeck, Gerard Padró i Miquel, Torsten Persson, Diego Puga, Giacomo Ponzetto, Jim Snyder, David Strömberg, and Noam Yuchtman. Seminar audiences at Basel University, Bonn University, CREI, King’s College London, the Juan March Institute, LSE, Warwick, Yale, Zurich, and at the Barcelona Summer Forum offered useful suggestions. We are grateful to Hans-Christian Boy, Vicky Fouka, Cathrin Mohr, Casey Petroff, Colin Spear and Inken Töwe for outstanding research assistance. Ruben Enikolopov kindly shared data on radio signal strength in Nazi Germany. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2014 by Nico Voigtlaender and Hans-Joachim Voth. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Highway to Hitler Nico Voigtlaender and Hans-Joachim Voth NBER Working Paper No. 20150 May 2014, Revised April 2016 JEL No. H54,N44,N94,P16 ABSTRACT When does infrastructure investment win “hearts and minds”? We analyze a famous case – the building of the highway network in Nazi Germany. -
The Enabling Act of 23 March 1933 the Political Situation in the Final Stages of the Weimar Republic Was Confusing and Unstable
HISTORICAL EXHIBITION PRESENTED BY THE GERMAN BUNDESTAG ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Enabling Act of 23 March 1933 The political situation in the final stages of the Weimar Republic was confusing and unstable. Changing cabinets and coalitions and political, social and economic crises were the order of the day. Paul von Hindenburg, President of the Reich, was resorting more and more frequently to emergency decrees and dissolved the Reichstag twice in 1932. The prevailing political conditions facilitated the transition of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) from a radical splinter group to a party of government. In the two elections to the Reichstag in 1932 and in the election of 1933, which was free only on paper, the NSDAP won the largest share of the vote by far. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of the Reich by President Hindenburg. Hitler was thus placed at the head of a cabinet comprising non-attached Conservative ministers, members of the NSDAP and representatives of the German National People’s Party (DNVP). The direction in which the political situation would develop under Hitler became clear only shortly after he took office. The Reichstag Fire Decree (Reichstagsbrandverordnung), enacted only one day after the fire in the Reichstag building on 27 February 1933, severely curtailed fundamental rights, subjected the police largely to the control of the national government and thereby created all sorts of opportunities for the persecution and elimination of political opponents, which the police and the so- called auxiliary police forces formed by SA and SS troops exploited to the full. The next step towards the ‘Führer state’ was the abolition of parliamentary democracy and the rule of law.