Les Centres De Fusion Dans Les Pays Sélectionnés, 2013 : Document De Discussion Et Bibliographie Commentée

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Les Centres De Fusion Dans Les Pays Sélectionnés, 2013 : Document De Discussion Et Bibliographie Commentée Les centres de fusion dans les pays sélectionnés, 2013 : Document de discussion et bibliographie commentée par Elaine Koren RAPPORT DE RECHERCHE : 2015-R040 DIVISION DE LA RECHERCHE www.securitepublique.gc.ca Title [Topic/ Discussion of X/ X Guide/ Summary of X Evaluation/ Synthesis of X] Sub-title [A Literature Review/ An Les points de vue exprimés dans le présent document sont ceux de l’auteure et Annotated Bibliography/ A Meta- ne reflètent pas nécessairement le point de vue de Sécurité publique Canada. La présente étude prend appui sur les sources de données les plus récentes en date de 2013. Tout changement depuis 2013 par Author Name(s) ne s’y reflète pas. Rapport no 038 RAPPORT DE RECHERECHE : 2015-RXXX © Sa Majesté la Reine du chef du Canada, 2016 No au catalogue : PS14-26/2014E No ISBN : 978-1-100-23213-3 LES CENTRES DE FUSION DANS LES PAYS SÉLECTIONNÉS SÉCURITÉ PUBLIQUE CANADA 1 Table des matières Résumé ................................................................................................................................ 4 Principales constatations ...................................................................................................... 5 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7 2.0 Méthodologie ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Questions de recherche..................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Collecte de données et définition des termes ................................................................... 8 3.0 Centres de fusion dans les pays sélectionnés ...................................................................... 9 3.1 Australie ......................................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Union européenne .......................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Nouvelle-Zélande ........................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Singapour ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.5 Centres établis au Royaume-Uni .................................................................................... 19 3.6 États-Unis .................................................................................................................................. 21 4.0 Analyse .......................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Première question de recherche ...................................................................................... 27 4.2 Deuxième question de recherche.................................................................................... 28 4.3 Troisième question de recherche .................................................................................... 35 4.4 Centre des opérations de la sûreté maritime (COSM).................................................... 38 4.5 Éléments favorables à la connaissance du domaine maritime ....................................... 38 5.0 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 41 6.0 Acronymes ........................................................................................................................................... 43 7.0 Glossaire et termes explicatifs ............................................................................................................. 53 8.0 Bibliographie commentée .................................................................................................................... 59 8.1 Australie ......................................................................................................................... 59 8.2 Canada ............................................................................................................................ 64 8.3 Union européenne .......................................................................................................... 69 8.4 Nouvelle-Zélande ........................................................................................................... 78 8.5 Singapour ....................................................................................................................... 81 LES CENTRES DE FUSION DANS LES PAYS SÉLECTIONNÉS SÉCURITÉ PUBLIQUE CANADA 2 8.6 Centres établis au Royaume-Uni .................................................................................... 87 8.7 États-Unis ....................................................................................................................... 95 9.0 Annexes ............................................................................................................................................. 117 Annexe 1 — Bases de données et mots clés proposés pour la bibliographie commentée ........................ 117 Annexe 4 — UE : Communautés d’utilisateurs de l’environnement commun de partage des informations120 Annexe 5 — UE : Lien entre le CISE et l’EUROSUR ................................................................................. 122 Annexe 6 — UE : Vue d’ensemble des initiatives internationales en matière de sécurité maritime ........... 124 Annexe 7 — UE : Réseau européen de surveillance maritime — MARSUR ............................................. 126 Annexe 8 — N.-Z. : Rôles du National Maritime Coordination Centre (NMCC) [centre national de coordination maritime] et des organismes principaux ................................................................................ 127 Annexe 9 — Singapour : Patrouilles et exercices conjoints menés par des organisations militaires et paramilitaires en Asie ................................................................................................................................ 128 Annexe 10 — Singapour : Enjeux maritimes clés en Asie du Sud-Est ...................................................... 130 Annexe 11 — Centres établis au R.-U. : Travailler ensemble pour la paix et la sécurité ........................... 131 Annexe 12 — É.-U. : Environnement de partage de l’information (ISE) .................................................... 132 Annexe 13 — É.-U. : Structure des centres de l’initiative .......................................................................... 133 Annexe 14 — É.-U. : Liste de surveillance intégrée unique (SILO) ........................................................... 134 Annexe 15 — É.-U. : Niveaux d’engagement du FBI auprès des centres de fusion .................................. 135 Annexe 16 — É.-U. : Types de demandes de soutien locales et d’État ..................................................... 136 Annexe 17 — É.-U. : Indicateurs de rendement clés et paramètres du point de service unique ............... 138 Annexe 18 — É.-U. : Connaissance du domaine maritime ........................................................................ 139 Annexe 19 — Analyse : Comparaison globale par pays ............................................................................ 140 10.0 Notes en fin d’ouvrage ................................................................................................................... 144 LES CENTRES DE FUSION DANS LES PAYS SÉLECTIONNÉS SÉCURITÉ PUBLIQUE CANADA 3 Résumé Les menaces maritimes d’aujourd’hui vont bien au-delà du scénario de défense traditionnelle en cas de conflit entre États. Elles sont plus diversifiées, complexes, imprévisibles et indissociables que jamais. L’idée que se faisait le public de la sécurité maritime a connu un changement notable au lendemain du 11 septembre 2011, avec la menace du terrorisme international. On compte également, parmi les menaces à la sécurité maritime, une recrudescence du trafic de drogue, d’êtres humains et d’armes ainsi que l’augmentation du nombre de migrants irréguliers, comme ceux qui viennent d’Afrique et vont en Europe, ce qui a mis de l’avant le sujet de la gouvernance maritime efficace. Prévenir les attaques terroristes en mer et provenant de la mer et empêcher les terroristes de franchir les frontières maritimes comptent parmi les préoccupations majeures des gouvernements d’Europe, d’Amérique du Nord et d’Asie du Sud-Est. Ils se sont donc tournés vers les points de passage obligés du commerce maritime mondial, ce qui comprend les secteurs comme le détroit de Malacca, le canal de Suez, le détroit d’Ormuz, le détroit de Bab el-Mandeb, le canal de Panama, la baie d’Helgoland, le détroit de Gibraltar et la Manche. Il est essentiel de protéger les lignes de communication maritimes et les ports internationaux et d’assurer la sécurité de ces points de passage obligés pour le commerce maritime mondial. Bon nombre de ces défis ne sont pas exclusivement de nature militaire; si les capacités militaires et civiles ne travaillent pas en équipe, aucune des deux ne sera en mesure d’assurer une surveillance maritime appropriée. Pour préserver la sécurité maritime, il faut qu’un partenariat solide et durable s’établisse entre les autorités civiles et militaires. Les centres de fusion de l’information de la sécurité maritime ont donc été mis en place pour servir
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