14 Punjab & Sindh Pakistan 20/15 Kharif Crop MASK Sugarcane R ice and Cotton
14 Punjab & Sindh Pakistan 20/15 Kharif Crop MASK Sugarcane R ice and Cotton
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Rome 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
ISBN 978-92-5-109668-0 ©FAO 2017
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The agriculture sector contributes 21.4 percent to The availability of advanced information on crop Mr. Muhammad Javid and Ms. Sofia Iqbal carried out national GDP of Pakistan. According to Economic Survey phenology and climate changes integrated with crop crop mask activities for the Punjab Province. Third party of Pakistan 2013-14, the main contributing subsectors masks information are also beneficial to plan infra- validation of the developed crop mask was carried out to agriculture GDP are livestock (11.9 percent), crops structural development programs for rural roads, cold by Mr. Muhammad Iftikhar Bhatti, Dr. Muhammad (8.7 percent), forestry (0.4 percent) and fisheries (0.4 storages, agro-industries and agro-markets. Moreover, Hanif and Mr. Muhammad Ibrahim. Contributions of Mr. percent). Land and crop statistics are fundamental these masks contribute to further improving the Antonio Martucci and Mr. Faisal Saeed of FAO are also to effective development planning in agriculture. efficiency of mitigation, rehabilitation and resilience acknowledged with thanks. The development of crop Traditionally, these datasets have been collected programs. The present study is Phase II of “Crop Mask masks for both Rabi & Kharif seasons for the provinces through manual field techniques. More recently, with the Development for Major Seasonal Crops in Punjab and of Punjab & Sindh are part of the project “Agriculture significant improvement in the resolution of space borne Sindh Provinces of Pakistan” designed to develop the Information System – Building Provincial Capacity in remote sensing platforms and enhanced GIS analysis, crop masks for Kharif 2014-15 (Sugarcane, Rice and Pakistan for Crop Estimation, Forecasting, and Reporting it is becoming increasingly popular to support these Cotton crops). The masks for Rabi 2013-14 (Wheat based on the integral use of Remotely Sensed Data” conventional techniques with the integral use of remotely and Potato crops) were planned and developed during which has been made possible by the contribution sensed data improving the efficiency and efficacy of the November, 2013 to May, 2014. This completes the (financial and in-kind) of the partner organizations - data collection. annual cycle of monitoring and developing masks for the Government of Pakistan, the Food and Agriculture seasonal crops in Punjab and Sindh. The development Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Experience has shown that instead of taking a fresh start of crop masks is the result of the outstanding efforts States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – all are each time, it is appropriate to develop supplementary of different entities and people working in close acknowledged with appreciation. The contribution of all basic spatial information on the distribution of various collaboration. The following paragraph acknowledges the the above, as well as the support from the partners and crops in digital form, hereafter referred to “Crop Masks”. core staff and experts who supported and contributed to donors involved in this activity has been fundamental for These masks minimize manpower, investments and the project. the success of the project. information delivery time appreciably. The information of crop masks play an important role in studying various Syed Zuhair Bokhari, Deputy Director General, Mr. facets of agriculture such as the areas sown under Abdul Ghafoor, Director RS&GIS Applications and Mr. different crops / changes in seasonal response and Ijaz Ahmad, Director Agriculture, led the project. The John S. Latham indicative productivity. The masks also facilitate the activities were supervised by Mr. Ijaz Ahmad, Mr. Siraj Senior Land and Water Officer, FAO understanding of seasonality pattern, crop size and Munir and Mr. Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar. Team comprising market dynamics of various agricultural commodities. of Mr. Majid Masood Lodhi, Mr. Muhammad Zafar, Syed As such crop masks in combination with other monitoring Roshaan Ali & Mr. Yasir Shabbir carried out crop mask methods and information can be valuable in studying the activities for the Sindh Province. Team comprising of Imran Iqbal impact of climate changes particularly floods, droughts, Mr. Muhammad Khan, Mr. Kamran Lodhi, Mr. Ghulam Member SAR, SUPARCO natural hazards and other extreme events. Abbas, Mr. Rana Ahmad Faraz Ishaq, Mr. Khalid Latif,
iii CONTENTS
Preface iii 5.13 Cross Checking of Vectorized Data 35 5.14 Supplementary Quality Control of Vectorized Data 36 1. Introduction 1 5.15 Merging of Polygons for Final Crop Mask 36 2. Objective 1 3. Basic Guidelines 1 5.16 Kharif Crop Mask - Sindh Province 37 4. Quality Control 1 5.16.1 Kharif Crop Mask - Sindh Left Zone 39 5. Development of Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) 1 5.16.2 Kharif Crop Mask - Sindh Right Zone 55
5.1 Study Area 1 5.17 Kharif Crop Mask - Punjab Province 65 5.2 Work Flow 3 5.17.1 Kharif Crop Mask-Punjab Southern Zone 67 5.3 First Acquisition of Satellite Data 4 5.17.2 Kharif Crop Mask-Punjab Central Zone 81 5.4 Ground Truth Surveys 4 5.17.3 Kharif Crop Mask-Punjab North East Zone 97 5.5 Digitization of Segments 4 5.6 Masking of Sugarcane Crop 4 6. Statistics of Crop Mask Data for Kharif (2014-15) 105 5.7 Second Acquisition of Satellite Data 4 6.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Sindh Province 105 5.8 Classification of Satellite Images 4 6.1.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Sindh Left Zone (SLZ) 105 5.9 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys 5 6.1.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Sindh Right Zone (SRZ) 105 5.9.1 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys in Sindh Province 5 6.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab Province 109 5.9.2 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys in Punjab Province 18 6.2.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab Southern Zone (PSZ) 109
5.10 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification 34 6.2.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab Central Zone (PCZ) 109 5.10.1 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification-Sindh Province 34 6.2.3 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab North East Zone (PNEZ) 110 5.10.2 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite Image Classification-Punjab Province 35 7. Conclusion 114 5.11 Extraction of Target Crop Classes 35 5.12 Vectorization of Target Crop Classes 35
iv CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 FIGURES TABLES
Figure 1 Work Flow Chart 3 Table 1 Accuracy Assessment Mechanism 34 Figure 2a-2b Digitized Segment 4-5 Table 2 Accuracy Assessment-Sindh Left Zone 34 Figure 3 Satellite image before masking Sugarcane 5 Table 3 Accuracy Assessment-Sindh Right Zone 34 Figure 4 Satellite image after masking Sugarcane 5 Table 4 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab South Zone 35 Figure 5 Training Samples for Spectral Signatures 8 Table 5 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab Central Zone 35 Figure 6 Classified Image 8 Table 6 Accuracy Assessment-Punjab North East Zone 35 Figure 7 Field observation 34 Figure 8a Thatta Classified image; 36 Figure 8b Extracted Sugarcane Crop Class of Thatta 36 Figure 9 Cross Checking of Classified & Vectorized Data 36 Figure 10 Kharif Crop Mask Area-Sindh Left Zone 105 Figure 11 Kharif Crop Mask Area-Sindh Right Zone 105 Figure 12 Kharif Crop Mask Area-Punjab South Zone 109 Figure 13 Kharif Crop Mask Area-Punjab Central Zone 109 Figure 14 Kharif Crop Mask Area-Punjab North East Zone 110
v
1. Introduction storage hierarchy scheme, satellite data nomenclature, Teams were set up to undertake different activities processing levels, crops color coding and other provided with standardized procedure. These Information on agricultural land use is one of the parameters. Two satellite image acquisitions were made procedures covered all the steps including basic most important parameters required for policy and for Kharif Crops 2014-15. The first acquisition was guidelines, classification steps, post classification decision support regarding availability of reliable crops made during May-June 2014 covering period of early accuracy assessment, vectorization, refinement and statistics, sustenance of food security and management crop growth. The second acquisition was carried out keeping records of files. of environmental hazards. Keeping in view increasing during August-September 2014 at peak crop growth. population pressure in Pakistan, there is need for An appropriate record of satellite acquisitions was improved management of the agricultural resources such maintained. All images were spatially enhanced with as irrigation water management, fertilizer availability, single approach as per documentation. These images 5. Development of Kharif plant protection and administering other farm resources. were rectified with baseline/reference ortho-rectified Crop Mask (2014-15) For the purpose, it is imperative to gather reliable SPOT5 images. The subsets of these images were prepared according to administrative district boundary. data related to agricultural land use of crops. The 5.1 Study Area understanding of the climate change issues and adaptive strategy can also be fine-tuned through availability of These subsets were named according to nomenclature The Kharif crop mask was developed for Punjab (except reliable information on agriculture land use at local, rule given below: Potohar zone as the said crops are not grown in this regional and country wide scales. • Kharif Sugarcane Multan SPOT19928120140121 region of Punjab) and Sindh provinces as shown in the acquisition 1. img K S MN S5 199281 2014 08 21 following map: A1.img; • Kharif Cotton Multan SPOT19928120140821 2. Objective acquisition 1.img K C MN S5 199281 2014 08 21 A1.img. The prime objective of the project is to develop crop masks showing spatial distribution of Rabi viz. Wheat (Triticum sativum) and Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Kharif viz. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Rice 4. Quality Control (Oryza sativa) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). A standard operating procedure (SOP) was documented for this program to: • develop standard and harmonized procedures for 3. Basic Guidelines quality control; • arrange homogeneous adoption of procedures for The basic guidelines document provided to all the team quality control. members included in the project was related to data
1 63°0’0”E 66°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 75°0’0”E 78°0’0”E Pakistan: Zone-wise Project Area
Index Map 36°0’0”N 36°0’0”N 33°0’0”N 33°0’0”N
Legend 30°0’0”N 30°0’0”N
Province Boundary Punjab Central District Boundary Punjab North East
Sindh Right Punjab Potohar Sindh Left Punjab South 27°0’0”N 27°0’0”N
The map shows zone-wise project area for development of kharif crop mask 2014-15 i.e. Cotton, Sugarcane and Rice based on high resolution SPOT5 satellite data of June-September 2014. 24°0’0”N 24°0’0”N Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 160 320 640 Kilometers 63°0’0”E 66°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 75°0’0”E 78°0’0”E
2 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.2 Workflow
Fig.1 Work flow chart.
3 5.3 First Acquisition of Satellite Data crop was then masked as “off” on second acquisition satellite data. The purpose was to assure minimal Minimum cloud cover SPOT5 (2.5, 5 & 10 m) data were anomalies. acquired for the project area. After preparation of all the acquired images, the defined segments were overlayed on them. The print out of all the segments was taken at a scale of 1:7000. 5.7 Second Acquisition of Satellite Data
Minimum cloud cover SPOT5 (2.5, 5 & 10 m) data were acquired for the project area. After preparation, 5.4 Ground Truth Surveys registration of these images was checked against those from the first acquisition. Already developed mask on Pre-classification field surveys were carried out for first acquisition was omitted (“off”) from the second Kharif crops 2014-15 based on Systematic Stratified acquisition satellite data. Randomly selected segments & randomly collected crop fields points. The information about areas other than selected segments was also collected randomly to gather maximum number of training samples. 5.8 Classification of Satellite Images
Each ground survey team was assigned responsibility for classification of satellite data of the respective 5.5 Digitization of Segments areas surveyed. Supervised classification was run on multi-date data. The training areas were created based After completing pre-classification field surveys of the on digitized segments and other randomly collected entire project area, the segments were digitized based on points to obtain reliable classification statistics. Some collected information about each field. other training areas were also created through visual comparison with those created based on field survey.
Gaussian Maximum Likelihood Supervised technique 5.6 Masking of Sugarcane Crop was used for the images/subsets classification based on training samples. The previously developed mask The supervised classification was carried out on for Sugarcane and other crops were also used during first acquisition satellite data for extracting spatial classification phase. Standard nomenclature and crop Fig.2 a Digitized segment. distribution of Sugarcane crop. This extracted Sugarcane colour codes were followed.
4 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.9 Ground Truth/Validation Surveys
The stratified random sampling technique was used for ground validation of image classification results for Kharif 2014-15. Sampling sites and number of points were based on crop density and heterogeneity. District wise ground truth points (Lat, Long) were collected for the whole project area in Punjab and Sindh. The teams carried out surveys of each district twice covering different areas.
5.9.1 Ground Truth / Validation Surveys in Sindh Province Geospatial Features of the Province Sindh Province lies between 23 and 29 degrees North Fig.2b Digitized segment. and 67 and 71 degrees East. The total area of province is 14.1 million hectares .The arable land is 5.45 million hectares (39 percent) and cultivable waste land is 0.57 million hectares (4.8 percent). The main geographic feature is the Indus River dissecting the province into left and right zones.
Sindh is situated in a subtropical region. It has continental climate, hot in summer and cold in winter. Temperatures frequently rise above 46°C during May/ August, and the minimum average temperature of 2°C occurs during December/ January. The annual rainfall averages about 178 mm (seven inches), falling mainly during July and August. The southwesterly monsoon wind begins to blow in mid-February and continues until
Fig.3 Satellite image before masking Sugarcane. Fig.4 Satellite image after masking Sugarcane.
5 Sindh Province: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop District Boundary
Sugarcane Crop Sindh Province Rice Crop Other Crops
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Province.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
6 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Sindh Province: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop District Boundary Sugarcane Crop Sindh Province Rice Crop Other Crops
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Province.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
7 the end of September. The cool northerly wind blows during the winter months from October to January. By agro-ecological zonation, Sindh is divided into the zones such as: Main area (Qambar Shahdadkot & Jacobabad), Piedmont soil region (Dadu, Larkana, Shikarpur & Kashmore), Non perennial Guddu Command area (Ghotki & Sukkur), Perennial Sukkur Command area (Khairpur, Naushahro Feroze, Jamshoro, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sanghar, Matiari, Tando Allah Yar, Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas & Umar Kot), Main area of Kotri Command area (Thatta, Sajawal, Badin & Tando Muhammad Khan), Thar & Nara deserts & Kohistan.
Fig.5 Training Samples for Spectral Signatures. The region’s rainfall scarcity is compensated by the huge network of irrigation systems. The province has three barrages at Guddu, Sukkur (7 Canals) and Kotri. In addition about half a million hectare area is under inundation irrigation in the bed of river called Katcho area. The province has a drainage system delivering the subsurface water to the sea. The system consists of Left Bank Outfall Drainage (LBOD) and Right Bank Outfall Drainage (RBOD). However the drainage runs through the various water bodies resulting in environmental hazards.
Sindh has a large number of lakes and other water bodies that are connected to the main irrigation system and serves as barrages during the closure period when water supplies are shut off from the rivers. These lakes are also sanctuary for the migratory birds visiting Pakistan from colder regions of Russia and other countries.
Guddu barrage irrigates 1.17 million hectares in Fig.6 Classified Image.
8 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Jacobabad, Larkana and Sukkur districts of Sindh and the Zone (SLZ), thirteen districts covered were: Badin, Ghotki, was done during the month of July. The second survey Nasirabad district of Balochistan. The canals emanating Hyderabad, Khairpur, Matiari, Mirpurkhas, Naushahro for validation of the classified data was done during the from this barrage include Ghotki Feeder, Begari Feeder, Feroze, Sanghar, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sukkar, Tando month of September. Desert and Pat Feeder. Sukkur barrage irrigates an area Allah Yar, Tando Muhammad Khan and Umar Kot. of 3.1 million hectares, approximately 25 percent of the total canal irrigated area of the country. Kotri barrage The first survey for ground truthing of the filed data was irrigates an area of 1.2 million hectares. undertaken during the month of July for ground truthing of the field data. The second survey for validation of the Two teams, collected ground validation data for Sindh classified data was done during the month of September. province covering twenty one districts in right and left Sindh zones. Each team surveyed each district twice Sindh Right Zone (SRZ) during different timelines covering various areas. The right zone is a fertile tract with a pattern of highly intensive crop production. The summer (Kharif) season in Sindh Left Zone (SLZ) this region is predominated by the singular crop of Rice. The major area of Sindh province is on the left bank of This is the primary food security crop of this area. Rice is Indus. This is a multiple cropping area, growing Cotton, consumed in this area both as bread (maani) and cooked Sugarcane, coarse grains, vegetables, chilies, tomatoes Rice. Wheat is a secondary food crop of this area, grown and Rice also. This is much diverse cropped area than in winter (Rabi). Most of the remaining area is used to the right zone. The major agro industries of the province grow high value cash crops as vegetables and spices as ginning factories and sugar mills are concentrated in that are in high demand in Metropolitan Karachi and the left zone. The major fruits in this area include Mango upcountry. (Mangifera indica), Banana (Musa indica), Falsa (Grewia asiatica), Citrus (Citrus reticulate), Strawberries (Fragaria The major industry in this area comprises of Rice husking ananassa), melons and others. mills. Fishing and Guava (Psidium guajava) cultivation is quite popular in this area. This region is the deserts of Nara and Tharparkar on its eastern extremities bordering with Indian state of Field Survey Rajasthan. The zone has well established communication During the first and second field surveys of Sindh Right system in the shape of railways, metalled highways and Zone (SRZ), eight districts covered were: Kashmore, farm to market roads. Larkana, Qambar Shahdad Kot, Shikarpur, Dadu, Jacobabad, Jamshoro, and Thatta. FIELD SURVEY During the first and second field surveys of Sindh Left The first survey for ground truthing of the field data
9 Sindh Left Zone: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Sindh Left Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Sindh Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Left Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
10 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Truth Survey Pictures
A. Sukkur: Cotton B. Hyderabad: Sugarcane C. Tando Allahyar: Sugarcane
D. Badin: Rice E. Tando Muhammad Khan: Sugarcane F. Benazirabad: Cotton
G. Sanghar: Cotton H. Ghotki: Rice I. Badin: Rice
11 Sindh Left Zone: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Sindh Left Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Sindh Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Left Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
12 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Validation Survey Pictures
A. Mirpur Khas: Sugarcane B. Naushahro Feroze: Sugarcane C. Khairpur: Rice
D. Umar Kot: Rice E. Ghotki: Sugarcane F. Tando Muhammad Khan: Rice
G. Sanghar: Rice H. Matiari: Cotton I. Sanghar: Cotton
13 Sindh Right Zone: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Sindh Right Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Sindh Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Right Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
14 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Truth Survey Pictures
A. Qambar Shahdadkot: Rice B. Jacobabad: Rice C. Kashmore: Rice
D. Larkana: Rice E. Dadu: Cotton F. Jamshoro: Cotton
G. Dadu: Rice H. Thatta: Sugarcane I. Shikarpur: Rice
15 Sindh Right Zone: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Sindh Right Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Sindh Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Sindh Right Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 42 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
16 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Validation Survey Pictures
A. Dadu: Cotton B. Thatta: Rice C. Jamshoro: Cotton
D. Kashmore: Rice E. Qambar Shahdadkot: Rice F. Thatta: Sugarcane
G. Larkana: Cotton H. Shikarpur: Rice I. Qambar Shahdadkot: Rice
17 5.9.2 Ground Truth/Validation Surveys Punjab is the basket of food and industrial crops as Punjab Southern Zone (PSZ) Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Cotton, Maize, vegetables, fruits, in Punjab Province The Punjab South Zone is irrigated both by Jhelum- pulses and large number of high value crops. Chenab system and Indus command systems. This
Geospatial Features of the Province region is famous for its world class quality of Cotton and The public irrigation infrastructure in the Punjab consists The Punjab Province lies between 27 and 34 degrees taste/fragrance of mangoes. The region grows Cotton, of 13 barrages, 2 siphons across major rivers, 12 link North and 69 and 76 degrees East. The name Punjab Sugarcane, Wheat, Rice, Maize, fruits, vegetables and canals and 23 major canal systems over an aggregate refers to the five rivers of Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and other high value crops. length of 34,500 km. The whole irrigation infrastructure Sutlej flowing through this province. lies within the Indus Basin System. It serves an area of This region along with left bank of Indus is responsible 8.58 million hectares. In addition, there are 135 surface Punjab is situated in a sub-tropical region and has for supporting the wheel of textile industry in Pakistan. drainage systems including over 670 drains, with an continental climate. The temperature starts rising sharply The major industry in this area comprises of ginning aggregate length of about 6,600 km, which drain an in May, reaching around 45 °C + 5°C in summer. In factories, textile mills and flour mills.Given the worldwide area of about 5.79 million hectares, within the 23 canal winter, December and January are the coldest months recession in prices of Phutti (seed Cotton), the farmers commands. with large scale fog in parts of these months. The lowest are facing difficulty in choosing the crops to grow. temperature generally touches a naught position with Maize-Potato cropping pattern is getting popular as a SUPARCO has distributed the Punjab province into four smaller variations on either side. Two third of the rains substitute to the main cropping pattern. zones viz. North-East, Central, South and Potohar on are by monsoon, mainly from July to mid-September. This area is also prone to floods from overflow of Indus the basis of cropping pattern. Punjab Potohar Zone These systems are generated by convection currents and Chenab rivers. The flash floods from Rud-i-kohis of consists of Attock, Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Chakwal associated with temperature gradient of land and sea Suleiman Mountains in its piedmonts are also common districts. The cropping in this region entirely depends surfaces. The winter rains are brought by westerly affecting mainly Cotton crop in Dera Ghazi Khan and upon rains. During years of drought the farmers suffer disturbances from Mediterranean. The annual rainfall Rajanpur districts. huge economic losses. As a safety net these farmers averages about 400 mm. November is the driest month generally have stand by arrangement of cattle and small of the year. Field Survey ruminants to cob with adversaries of climate and failure During first and second field surveys of Punjab South of crops. The main winter crops being grown in this zone The province has highly diverse and variable geo- Zone (PSZ) twelve districts covered were: Multan, are Wheat, Taara Meera, Canola, Mustard (Brassica morphology ranging from high, lush green mountains in Lodhran, Vehari, Khanewal, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, sp.) and gram. The summer season is the time to grow the north and dry mountains in the west. The province Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur, coarse grains viz. Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum slopes southwards into vast irrigated / cultivated plains Muzaffargarh, Sahiwal and Pakpattan. bicolor) and Millet (Pennisetum glaucum). termed as upper Indus plain. The other features of the province include barani region of Potohar and the deserts The first survey for ground truthing of the field data was Three teams were committed to collect ground validation of Thal and Cholistan. The province has cropped area of undertaken during July/August while the second survey points in Punjab by covering thirty two districts in all four 16.61 million hectares and cultivable waste land of 1.60 for validation of the classified data was done during zones. million hectares. month of September/October.
18 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Punjab Central Zone (PCZ) crop (90 percent of cropped area) and Wheat is grown in winter (Rabi). The Central Punjab is by far the largest and most developed region of Punjab, irrigated by one of the most The major industry in this area comprises of Rice husking extensive canal network. This area is host to a large mills for Rice exports. However Sialkot district is world number of link canals established under Indus water famous for manufacturing and export of sport goods. treaty of 1960. Field Survey The region is highly fertile tract and grows wide diversity During the first and second field surveys of Punjab North of crops including Wheat, Sugarcane, Rice, Maize, Potato, East (PNEZ) zone, six districts covered were: Sialkot, fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, fodders, and some Cotton. Narowal, Gujranwala, Nankana Sahib, Sheikhupura and The major industry of Punjab is located in this zone and Hafizabad. comprises of sugar mills, Rice mills, citrus processing and exports mills, feed mills, storage houses and wide The first survey for ground truthing of the field data variety of other processing units. Sargodha in this region was undertaken in August, while the second survey for is known for its world class kinnows (Citrus). validation of the classified data was done in October.
Field Survey During first and second field surveys of Punjab Central Zone (PCZ), fourteen districts covered were: Gujrat, Mandi Bahauddin, Sargodha, Khushab, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Layyah, Jhang, Chiniot, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, Okara, Kasur, and Lahore.
The first survey for ground truthing of the field data was undertaken during July/August while the second survey for validation of the classified data was done during September/October.
Punjab North East Zone (PNEZ) Punjab North East Zone also known as “Kallar” tract is famous for its aromatic Basmati Rice. The summer (Kharif) season in this region is predominated by Rice
19 Punjab Province: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop District Boundary
Sugarcane Crop Punjab Province Rice Crop Other Crops
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab Province.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
20 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Punjab Province: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop District Boundary Sugarcane Crop Punjab Province Rice Crop Other Crops
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab Province.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
21 Punjab South Zone: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab South Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab South Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers
22 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Truth Survey Pictures
A. Pakpattan: Cotton B. Bahawalpur: Sugarcane C. Pakpattan: Sugarcane
D. Bahawalnagar: Rice E. Muzaffargarh: Rice F. Dera Ghazi Khan: Cotton
G. Lodhran: Cotton H. Khanewai: Rice I. Multan: Cotton
23 Punjab South Zone: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab South Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab South Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 12.5 25 50 75 100 Kilometers
24 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Validation Survey Pictures
A. Bahawalnagar: Rice B. Vehari: Rice C. Khanewai: Cotton
D. Vehari: Cotton E. Dera Ghazi Khan: Rice F. Bahawalnagar: Cotton
G. Bahawalnagar: Sugarcane H. Rahim Yar Khan: Sugarcane I. Pakpattan: Cotton
25 Punjab Central Zone: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab Central Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab Central Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
26 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Truth Survey Pictures
A. Bhakkar: Cotton B. Sargodha: Sugarcane C. Layyah: Cotton
D. Chiniot: Rice E. Kasur: Rice F. Toba Tek Singh: Cotton
G. Jhang: Rice H. Faisalabad: Sugarcane I. Gujrat: Rice
27 Punjab Central Zone: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab Central Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab Central Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 15 30 60 90 120 Kilometers
28 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Validation Survey Pictures
A. Jhang: Rice B. Khushab: Rice C. Okara: Rice
D. Toba Tek Singh: Cotton E. Mandi Bahauddin: Rice F. Faisalabad: Sugarcane
G. Sargodha: Sugarcane H. Jhang: Cotton I. Okara: Cotton
29 Punjab North East Zone: Ground Truth Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab North-East Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Truth Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab North East Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 5 10 20 30 40 Kilometers
30 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Truth Survey Pictures
A. Gujranwala: Rice B. Hafizabad: Rice C. Nankana Sahib: Rice
D. Sheikhupura: Rice E. Narowal: Rice F. Sialkot: Rice
G. Hafizabad: Sugarcane H. Nankana Sahib: Sugarcane & Rice I. Hafizabad: Rice
31 Punjab North East Zone: Ground Validation Survey
Index Map
Legend
Cotton Crop Punjab North-East Zone Sugarcane Crop District Boundary Rice Crop Other Crops Punjab Province
The map shows the location of fields that have been observed other than the selected segments during the Ground Validation Survey campaign for Kharif 2014-15 crops in Punjab North East Zone.
Projection: UTM Zone 43 N Datum: WGS84
0 5 10 20 30 40 Kilometers
32 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Ground Validation Survey Pictures
A. Gujranwala: Rice B. Hafizabad: Rice C. Nankana Sahib: Sugarcane
D. Nankana Sahib: Rice E. Sheikhupura: Rice F. Narowal: Rice
G. Sialkot: Rice H. Hafizabad: Sugarcane I. Sheikhupura: Rice
33 5.10 Accuracy Assessment of Satellite S# District 1st Survey 2st Survey Overall K-Stati- Overall K- Image Classification Accuracy (%) stics Accuracy (%) Statistics 1 Sanghar 88.50 0.80 81.23 0.59 The Error Matrix (EM)/Confusion Matrix (CM) tests were 2 Benazriabad 81.11 0.75 82.20 0.75 applied to assess accuracy of classified data. In addition, 3 Hyderabad 82.95 0.76 81.77 0.76 classified data were compared with ground truth 4 Matiari 81.02 0.70 84.89 0.68 information. Different measures and statistics were derived 5 Umar Kot 87.45 0.65 92.50 0.77 from the confusion matrix. In addition Kappa coefficient, 6 Naushehro Firaze 82.17 0.62 81.35 0.76 7 Mirpur Khas 81.60 0.62 81.45 0.64 average and overall accuracy tests were also applied as: 8 Ghotki 87.33 0.75 90.03 0.80 9 Badin 84.00 0.77 89.21 0.81 * ** *** Average Accuracy= (1 +2 +3 ) / 3 10 Tando M. Khan 91.10 0.73 90.28 0.78 Overall Accuracy= (a+f+k)/(a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i+j+k+l) 11 Tando Allahyar 83.72 0.64 81.53 0.56 12 Sukkur 81.65 0.66 81.76 0.62 The threshold level of accuracy for the project was set at 13 Khairpur 87.91 0.60 84.37 0.73 a minimum of 80 percent. In case the overall accuracy Table 2. Accuracy Assessment Sindh Left Zone. of data was below threshold, the classification was revised either for whole of the image or subset. Accuracy Sindh Right Zone (SRZ) assessment of all the classification result images/subsets covering the whole of study area based on sampled data Fig.7 Field observation. The accuracy assessment of classification results of collected during first and second surveys is as follow: all the images carried out based on both the first and second surveys of Sindh Right Zone is given in the table below: Classification Results
Unclas- Producer’s 5.10.1 Accuracy Assessment S# District 1st Survey 2st Survey Sugarcane Rice Cotton sified accuracy (Precision) of Satellite Image Classification - Overall K- Overall K- Sugarcane a b c d (a*100)/(a+b+c+d) Accuracy (%) Statistics Accuracy (%) Statistics Rice e f g h (f*100)/(e+f+g+h) Sindh Province 1 Kashmore 82.58 0.60 90.37 0.60 Cotton i j k l (k*100)/(i+j+k+l) 2 Qambar Shahdadkot 84.45 0.69 88.04 0.69 Ground Truth Ground Reliability (a*100)/ (f*100)/ (k*100)/ Sindh Left Zone (SLZ) 3 Jacobabad 80.26 0.63 94.17 0.65 /User’s (a+e+i) (b+f+j) (c+g+k) accuracy The accuracy assessment of classification results of 4 Shikarpur 88.86 0.71 91.40 0.77 all images carried out based on both first and second 5 Dadu 93.58 0.78 91.28 0.65 Table 1. Accuracy Assessment Mechanism. surveys of Sindh Left Zone is given in the table below: 6 Larkana 90.74 0.69 94.43 0.69 7 Thatta 83.11 0.68 81.51 0.67 * (a*100) / (a+b+c+d) 8 Jamshoro 83.10 0.64 90.30 0.68 ** (f*100) / (e+f+g+h) *** (k*100) / (i+j+k+l) Table 3. Accuracy Assessment Sindh Right Zone.
34 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.10.2 Accuracy Assessment S# District 1st Survey 2st Survey Punjab Potohar Zone (PPZ) Overall K-Stati- Overall K- of Satellite Image Classification - Accuracy (%) stics Accuracy (%) Statistics The Cotton, Rice and Sugarcane crops are generally not Punjab Province 1 Bhakkar 88.21 0.71 89.10 0.78 grown in this zone because of rainfed irrigation system 2 Toba Tek Singh 81.61 0.62 86.51 0.77 and climatic requirements of the crops. Punjab South Zone (PSZ) 3 Jhang 89.28 0.73 88.31 0.68 4 Gujrat 88.69 0.76 91.47 0.78 The accuracy assessment of classification results of 5 Chiniot 84.53 0.68 82.35 0.75 5.11 Extraction of Target Crop Classes all the images, carried out based on both the first and 6 Faisalabad 83.10 0.69 88.21 0.78 second surveys of Punjab South Zone is described in the 7 Sargodha 87.71 0.71 89.15 0.81 After completing the accuracy assessment steps and following table: 8 Khushab 92.54 0.79 88.32 0.68 examining the classification results, the data with 9 Kasur 83.70 0.69 88.64 0.77 accuracy of more than 80 percent were accepted. In case 10 Mandi Bahauddin 94.57 0.81 93.59 0.87 S# District 1st Survey 2st Survey 11 Lahore 89.50 0.76 87.98 0.74 of data with accuracy less than the above threshold Overall K-Stati- Overall K- Accuracy (%) stics Accuracy (%) Statistics 12 Layyah 85.45 0.75 91.87 0.85 level, the cross-checks were made to achieve the desired 1 Bahawalpur 84.00 0.74 91.30 0.82 13 Mianwali 87.60 0.69 83.87 0.71 accuracy. 2 Khanewal 84.11 0.74 86.70 0.76 14 Okara 91.58 0.74 96.92 0.82 3 Lodhran 83.00 0.61 87.70 0.67 Table 5. Accuracy Assessment Punjab Central Zone. 4 Vehari 85.00 0.76 83.20 0.66 5 Rajanpur 89.33 0.80 86.19 0.60 5.12 Vectorization of Target Crop Classes 6 Rahim Yar Khan 89.88 0.84 88.68 0.82 Punjab North East Zone (PNEZ) 7 Multan 88.46 0.75 90.32 0.85 After extraction of target crop classes from the classified 8 Bahawalnagar 92.06 0.85 91.20 0.79 The accuracy assessment of classification results of images, raster data was converted to vector format. 9 DG Khan 88.81 0.80 83.20 0.74 all the images, carried out based on both the first and 10 Muzaffargarh 86.06 0.81 83.70 0.75 second surveys of Punjab North East zone is described in 11 Sahiwal 81.00 0.68 82.54 0.71 the table below: 12 Pakpattan 91.43 0.87 85.56 0.79 5.13 Cross Checking of Vectorized Data Table 4. Accuracy Assessment Punjab Southern Zone. S# District 1st Survey 2st Survey
Overall K-Stati- Overall K- Using minimum working scale of 1:25000, the vector Accuracy (%) stics Accuracy (%) Statistics files generated for all the Kharif crops were cross checked Punjab Central Zone (PCZ) 1 Hafizabad 84.31 0.71 87.65 0.68 with the following: 2 Gujranwala 95.03 0.86 94.63 0.86 • Original unclassified satellite images The accuracy assessment of classification results of 3 Narowal 90.59 0.85 83.41 0.79 • Classified images (to check the shift and area) all the images, carried out based on both the first and 4 Sialkot 91.69 0.79 81.97 0.76 • Land use /Land cover data of Punjab and Sindh second surveys of Punjab Central Zone is described in the 5 Sheikhupura 87.00 0.78 84.78 0.69 6 Nankana 80.60 0.69 89.40 0.75 following table: Table 6. Accuracy Assessment Punjab North East Zone.
35 In addition, the vector files were also overlayed on multi- date satellite images for further verifications.
5.14 Supplementary Quality Control of Vectorized Data
After cross checking of vectorized data, dedicated teams were set up to check the quality of the data. The areas where there was a likelihood of mixing of target crop pixels with other crops were identified by the team. These errors were removed in the final outcome.
5.15 Merging of Polygons for Final Crop Mask
Fig.8 a Thatta classified image. Fig.8b Extracted Sugarcane Crop Class of Thatta. After cross checking of all vector data, shapefiles of each target Kharif crop class within a province were merged to get final zone/province wise crop mask showing spatial distribution of that crop.
Fig.9 Cross checking of Classified and Vectorized Data.
36 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.16 Kharif Crop Mask Sindh Province
37 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E Sindh Province Kharif Crop Mask 28°0’0”N 28°0’0”N
Index Map 27°0’0”N 27°0’0”N 26°0’0”N 26°0’0”N
Legend
Province Boundary 25°0’0”N 25°0’0”N District Boundary
Rice Cotton Sugarcane 24°0’0”N
The map shows crop mask data of Sindh Province based on 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 30 60 120 240 Kilometers
38 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.16.1 Kharif Crop Mask Sindh Left Zone
39 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E Sindh Left Zone Kharif Crop Mask 28°0’0”N 28°0’0”N
Index Map 27°0’0”N 27°0’0”N 26°0’0”N 26°0’0”N
Legend
Province Boundary
District Boundary
Rice 25°0’0”N 25°0’0”N Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of Sindh Left Zone based on 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 55 110 220 Kilometers
40 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 69°0’0”E District Badin Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
69°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Badin based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
41 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E District Ghotki Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Ghotki based on 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
42 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 District Hyderabad Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Hyderabad based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 4.75 9.5 19 Kilometers
43 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E District Khairpur Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 27°0’0”E 27°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Khairpur based on 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
44 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 68°0’0”E District Matiari Kharif Crop Mask 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
68°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Matiari based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
45 69°0’0”E District Mirpur Khas Kharif Crop Mask 26°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Mirpur Khas based on 69°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
46 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 68°0’0”E District Naushahro Feroze Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 27°0’0”E 27°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
68°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Naushahro Feroze based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
47 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E District Sanghar Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Sanghar based on 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 15 30 60 Kilometers
48 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 68°0’0”E District Shaheed Benazirabad Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E
68°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Shaheed Benazirabad based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
49 69°0’0”E District Sukkur Kharif Crop Mask 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Sukkur based on 69°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
50 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 69°0’0”E District Tando Allahyar Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
69°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Tando Allahyar based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
51 District Tando Muhammad Khan Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Tando Muhammad Khan based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
52 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 70°0’0”E District Umar Kot Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
70°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Umar Kot based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
53
5.16.2 Kharif Crop Mask Sindh Right Zone
55 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E Sindh Right Zone Kharif Crop Mask 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
Index Map 27°0’0”E 27°0’0”E 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary
District Boundary 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
Rice Cotton Sugarcane 24°0’0”E 24°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of Sindh Right Zone based on 66°0’0”E 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 55 110 220 Kilometers
56 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E District Dadu Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 27°0’0”E 27°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Dadu based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 30 60 Kilometers
57 68°0’0”E District Jacobabad Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton
Sugarcane 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Jacobabad 68°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
58 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E District Jamshoro Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 26°0’0”E 26°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Jamshoro based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
59 68°0’0”E District Kashmore Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Kashmore 68°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
60 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 68°0’0”E District Larkana Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
68°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Larkana based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
61 68°0’0”E District Qambar 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E Shahdadkot Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Qambar 68°0’0”E Shahdadkot based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
62 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 69°0’0”E District Shikarpur Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
69°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Shikarpur based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 40 Kilometers
63 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E District Thatta Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 25°0’0”E 25°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 24°0’0”E 24°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Thatta 67°0’0”E 68°0’0”E 69°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
64 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.17 Kharif Crop Mask Punjab Province
65 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E 75°0’0”E 76°0’0”E Punjab Province Kharif Crop Mask 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E Index Map 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E Legend
Province Boundary
District Boundary
Rice
Cotton 29°0’0”E Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of Punjab Province based on 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 55 110 220 Kilometers
66 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.17.1 Kharif Crop Mask Punjab South Zone
67 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E Punjab South Zone Kharif Crop Mask 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
Index Map 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E
District Boundary
Rice Cotton Sugarcane 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of Punjab South Zone based on 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 40 80 160 Kilometers
68 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E District Bahawalnagar Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E
72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Bahawainagar based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 15 30 60 Kilometers
69 71°0’0”E District Bahawalpur Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Bahawalpur 71°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 25 50 100 Kilometers
70 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E District Dera Ghazi Khan Kharif Crop Mask
31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton
30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E Sugarcane
70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District DG Khan based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
71 72°0’0”E District Khanewal Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Khanewal 72°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
72 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 72°0’0”E District Lodhran Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
72°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Lodhran based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
73 71°0’0”E District Multan Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Multan 71°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
74 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E District Muzaffargarh Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E
70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Muzaffargarh based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
75 73°0’0”E District Pakpattan Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Pakpattan 73°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
76 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E District Rahim Yar Khan Kharif Crop Mask 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 28°0’0”E 28°0’0”E
70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Rahim Yar Khan based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 15 30 60 Kilometers
77 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E District Rajanpur
Kharif Crop Mask 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Index Map 29°0’0”E 29°0’0”E Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Rajanpur 69°0’0”E 70°0’0”E 71°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
78 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 73°0’0”E
31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E District Sahiwal Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
73°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Sahiwal based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
79 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E District Vehari Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 30°0’0”E 30°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Vehari 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
80 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.17.2 Kharif Crop Mask Punjab Central Zone
81 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E Punjab Central Zone 33°0’0”E 33°0’0”E Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary
District Boundary 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
Rice Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of Punjab Central Zone 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 30 60 120 Kilometers
82 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E District Bhakkar Kharif Crop Mask 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Bhakkar based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
83 73°0’0”E District Chiniot 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Chiniot 73°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
84 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 73°0’0”E District Faisalabad Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
73°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Faisalabad based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
85 74°0’0”E District Gujrat Kharif Crop Mask 33°0’0”E 33°0’0”E
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Gujrat 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
86 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E District Jhang Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Jhang based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
87 74°0’0”E District Kasur Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Kasur 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
88 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 72°0’0”E District Khushab Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
72°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Khushab based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
89 74°0’0”E District Lahore Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Lahore 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
90 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 71°0’0”E District Layyah Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
71°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Layyah based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
91 District Mandi Bahauddin Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Mandi Bahauddin based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
92 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E District Mianwali Kharif Crop Mask
33°0’0”E 33°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
71°0’0”E 72°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Mianwali based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
93 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E District Okara Kharif Crop Mask 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Okara 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
94 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 73°0’0”E District Sargodha Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
73°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Sargodha based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 12.5 25 50 Kilometers
95 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E District Toba Tek Singh Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Toba Tek Singh 72°0’0”E 73°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
96 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 5.17.3 Kharif Crop Mask Punjab North East Zone
97 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E 75°0’0”E Punjab North East Zone Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E
Legend
Province Boundary
District Boundary
Rice Cotton Sugarcane 31°0’0”E 31°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of Punjab North East Zone 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E 75°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 20 40 80 Kilometers
98 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 74°0’0”E District Gujranwala Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
74°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Gujranwala based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
99 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E District Hafizabad Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map 32°0’0”N 32°0’0”N
Legend
Province Boundary Rice District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Hafizabad 73°0’0”E 74°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
100 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 74°0’0”E District Nankana Sahib Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
31°0’0”E 74°0’0”E 31°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Nankana Sahib based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
101 75°0’0”E District Narowal Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E
The map shows crop mask data of District Narowal 75°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
102 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 74°0’0”E District Sheikhupura Kharif Crop Mask 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E 32°0’0”E Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
74°0’0”E The map shows crop mask data of District Sheikhupura based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 10 20 40 Kilometers
103 75°0’0”E District Sialkot Kharif Crop Mask
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary Rice
District Boundary Cotton Sugarcane
The map shows crop mask data of District Sialkot 75°0’0”E based on SPOT Satellite data acquired during July - September 2014 at SPARC, SUPARCO Islamabad.
Coordinate System: GCS WGS 1984 Datum: WGS84 Units: Degree
0 5 10 20 Kilometers
104 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 6. Statistics of Crop Mask 6.1.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) 6.1.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) for Kharif (2014-15) Sindh Left Zone (SLZ) Sindh Right Zone (SRZ) This zone includes thirteen districts and it is dominated 6.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) by Cotton and Sugarcane crops. However, some Rice This zone comprises of eight districts and it is dominated Sindh Province is also grown in this area. The Cotton area in this zone by Rice crop. Overall contribution of this zone at makes 95.5 percent of the Cotton area of Sindh. The provincial level is 60.76 percent Rice, 17.9 percent Crop masks or digital information layers were developed share of this zone in Sugarcane area of the province is Sugarcane and 4.54 percent Cotton. for Kharif crops 2014-15. The crops covered included 82.1 percent and Rice 39.2 percent. • Major Sugarcane growing districts at zone level are Cotton, Rice and Sugarcane. The distribution of cultivated • Major Sugarcane growing districts at zone level are Thatta (28.2 percent), Jamshoro (9.5 percent) and area varied under these crops. Rice was estimated at Shaheed Benazirabad (14.5 percent) Naushahro Dadu (5.8 percent). 1.23 million hectares followed by Cotton 0.77 million Feroze (11.8 percent) and Badin (11.7 percent). • Major Rice growing districts at zone level are hectares and Sugarcane 0.29 million hectares. • Major Rice growing districts at zone level are Jacobabad (17.1 percent), Shikarpur (16.6 percent) Ghotki (28.8 percent), Badin (26.5 percent), Tando and Qambar Shahdadkot (16.1 percent). Crop contribution to the overall crop masks at provincial Muhammad Khan (9.8 percent) and Sanghar (9.7 • Cotton growing districts at zone level are Dadu (39.0 level was estimated at Rice (53.6 percent) followed percent). percent), Jamshoro (37.7 percent) and Larkana (18.9 by Cotton (34 percent) and Sugarcane (12.9 percent). • Cotton growing districts at zone level are Sanghar percent). Based on variation in cropping pattern, Sindh was further (28.9 percent), Naushahro Feroze (13.3 percent), distributed into the following two zones: Khairpur (12.5 percent) and Umar Kot (9.6 percent). • Sindh Right Zone (SRZ) is characterized by dominance of coarse IRRI Rice crop. • Sindh Left Zone (SLZ) is characterized by mixed cropping pattern where all three crops are grown. Cotton and Sugarcane crops are mostly dominant in terms of area under cultivation.
Fig.10 Kharif Crop Mask Area - Sindh Left Zone. Fig.11 Kharif Crop Mask Area - Sindh Right Zone.
105 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise RICE area of Sindh
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE RICE AREA (000 ha)
0-10 10-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-150
Map title: Sindh_Rice Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
106 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise COTTON area of Sindh
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE COTTON AREA (000 ha)
0-10 10-25 25-50 50-100 100-150 150-250
Map title: Sindh_Cotton Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
107 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise SUGARCANE area of Sindh
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE SUGARCANE AREA (000 ha)
0-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Map title: Sindh_Sugarcane Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 20 40 80 120 160 Kilometers
108 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 6.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) 6.2.1 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) 6.2.2 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab Province Punjab Southern Zone (PSZ) Punjab Central Zone (PCZ) This zone includes twelve districts and it is dominated by This zone includes fourteen districts and it is dominated Using high resolution SPOT5 data, masks or digital Cotton and Sugarcane crops. The area of Cotton crop in by mixed crops. Contributions of the zone to the information layers were developed for Kharif crops this zone makes 86.3 percent of Cotton area in Punjab. provincial crop mask were 35.1 percent Rice, 59.1 2014-15. Cotton, Rice and Sugarcane crops varied in Similarly, the Sugarcane area of the zone is 37.0 percent percent Sugarcane and 13.7 percent Cotton. terms of area under cultivation. Cotton was observed and Rice 12.3 percent. • Major Sugarcane growing districts at zone level are to be at highest side with 2.38 million ha followed by • Major Sugarcane growing districts at zone level are Faisalabad (25.1 percent), Jhang (16.8 percent), Rice (2.06 million ha) and Sugarcane (0.61 million ha). Khanewal (50 percent), Bahawalnagar (20.2 percent), Chiniot (12.3 percent) and Toba Tek Singh (7.6 Contributions to the provincial crop mask were observed Multan (8.1 percent) and Rahim Yar Khan (6.1 percent). percent). to be 47.0 percent Cotton followed by Rice (40.0 percent) • Major Rice growing districts at zone level are Dera • Major Rice growing districts at zone level are and Sugarcane (12.0 percent). Ghazi Khan (32.0 percent), Bahawalpur (21.8 percent), Jhang (18.3 percent), Okara (16.0 percent), Mandi Sahiwal (12.4 percent) and Rajanpur (8.6 percent). Bahauddin (12.6 percent) and Gujrat (12.5 percent). Based on variation in cropping pattern, Punjab was • Cotton is most dominant crop in South Punjab and • Cotton is the least grown crop in Central Punjab; further distributed into four zones. Punjab North East major growing districts at zone level are Rahim Yar major growing districts are Jhang (25.0 percent), Zone is the smallest and characterized by dominance Khan (13.2 percent), Dera Ghazi Khan (11.3 percent), Layyah (18.8 percent) and Bhakkar (17.6 percent). of basmati Rice crop. Central Punjab is zone of mixed Khanewal (10.7 percent) and Bahawalnagar (10.6 cropping pattern where all three crops are grown and percent). Sugarcane is most dominating in terms of area under cultivation. Punjab South zone is more dominant in terms of Cotton crop. Being rainfed region, Cotton, Rice and Sugarcane are not grown in Punjab Potohar Zone.
Fig.12 Kharif Crop Mask Area - Punjab Southern Zone. Fig.13 Kharif Crop Mask Area - Punjab Central Zone.
109 6.2.3 Kharif Crop Mask (2014-15) Punjab North East Zone This zone includes six districts and it is mostly dominated by the Rice crop. The Rice area in this zone makes 52.6 percent of Rice area in Punjab. The Sugarcane area in this zone makes 3.9 percent of the total Sugarcane area of Punjab. Cotton is generally not grown in this area. • Major Rice growing districts at zone level are Gujranwala (23.7 percent), Sheikhupura (22.0 percent), Sialkot (18.2 percent) and Narowal (14.5 percent) at zone level. • Major growing districts for Sugarcane in this zone are Nankana Sahib (51.5 percent) and Sheikhupura (33.8 percent). Farming community in this zone does not grow Cotton crop.
Fig.14 Kharif Crop Mask Area - Punjab North East Zone.
110 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise RICE area of Punjab
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE RICE AREA (000 ha)
0-5 5-25 25-50 50-100 100-175 175-260
Map title: Punjab_Rice Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 25 50 100 150 200 Kilometers
111 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise COTTON area of Punjab
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE COTTON AREA (000 ha)
0-5 5-25 25-50 50-100 100-175 175-275
Map title: Punjab_Cotton Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 25 50 100 150 200 Kilometers
112 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015 Kharif Crop Mask District Wise SUGARCANE area of Punjab
Index Map
Legend
Province Boundary District Boundary
DISTRICT WISE SUGARCANE AREA (000 ha)
0-10 10-25 25-50 50-75 75-100 100-125
Map title: Punjab_Sugarcane Area Distribution Map created by: SUPARCO SPARC, Islamabad Datum/projection: WGS 1984 Geographic
Map Data Source: this analysis is based on Kharif 2014-2015 satellite imagery collected by SPOT sensors at Satellite Ground Station Islamabad, Pakistan
0 25 50 100 150 200 Kilometers
113 7. Conclusion
The crop masks developed within this initiative are useful for monitoring of changes in areas of Kharif crops cultivated in Punjab and Sindh. Digital information on Kharif crops will serve to understand the crop rotation system through satellite remote sensing data by applying spatial query with seasonal crop mask. This will also outline the well differentiated cropping patterns of Rice-Wheat, Cotton-Wheat and Sugarcane areas.
In addition, these masks will support the estimation of cropping intensity in various regions of Punjab and Sindh provinces. These masks will also be expedient for other geospatial studies regarding climate change variables leading to floods, droughts and other disasters. Last but not the least, the development of crop masks integrated with an adequate information dissemination strategy will assist in minimizing duplications of work and increasing working efficiency by optimizing manpower used and time consumed.
114 CROP MASK DEVELOPMENT / Kharif, 2014-2015
This publication has received funding from ISBN 978-92-5-109668-0
Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission Phone 051.9273312 051.4611792 / email [email protected] www.suparco.gov.pk 9 789251 096680 I6896EN/1/02.17