FAMILY Curimatidae Gill, 1858 - toothless characins [=Curimatinae, Potamorhinini, Curimatopsini, Curimatellini, Apolinarellini] Notes: Curimatinae Gill, 1858:61 [ref. 1750] (subfamily) Curimata Potamorhinini Fernández-Yépez, 1948:16 insert [ref. 1316] (tribe) Potamorhina Curimatopsini Fernández-Yépez, 1948:16 insert [ref. 1316] (tribe) Curimatopsis Curimatellini Fernández-Yépez, 1948:16 insert [ref. 1316] (tribe) Curimatella Apolinarellini Fernández-Yépez, 1948:16 insert [ref. 1316] (tribe) Apolinarella

GENUS Curimata Bosc, 1817 - toothless characins [=Curimata Bosc [L. A. G.] (ex Cuvier), 1817:9, Acuticurimata Fowler [H. W.], 1941:166, Allenina Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:39, Bitricarinata Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:64, Bondia Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:66, Bondichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1953:134, Camposella Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:60, Camposichthys Whitley [G. P.], 1953:134, Curimata Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:80, Curimatus Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier), 1817:1183, Lambepiedra Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:62, Peltapleura (subgenus of Curimata) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:300, Semitapicis (subgenus of Curimatus) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:417, Stupens Whitley [G. P.], 1954:30] Notes: [ref. 5126]. Fem. Salmo edentulus Bloch, 1794. Name appeared in v. 9 of the work. Type designated by the ICZN and placed on Official List (Opinion 772). Same as Curimata Cloquet, 1818:240 [v. 12, ref. 852]. See discussion by Taylor 1964:260 [ref. 12563]. •Valid as Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Géry 1977:227 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], Géry et al. 1987:415 [ref. 6001], Vari 1987 [ref. 6059], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari & Reis 1995:302 [ref. 21943], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Acuticurimata) [ref. 1437]. Fem. Curimatus macrops Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Allenina) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimata murieli Allen, 1942. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Bitricarinata) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus schomburgkii Günther, 1864. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Bondia) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus mivartii Steindachner, 1878. Type by original designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Bondia Newman, 1856 in Lepidoptera, replaced by Bondichthys Whitley, 1953. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189] based on his placement of Bondichthys, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Bondichthys) [ref. 4718]. Masc. Curimatus mivartii Steindachner, 1878. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Bondia Fernández-Yépez, 1948, preoccupied by Bondia Newman, 1856 in Lepidoptera. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Camposella) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus simulatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Camposella Cole, 1919 in Diptera, replaced by Camposichthys Whitley, 1953 (also preoccupied) and replaced by Stupens Whitley, 1954. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189] based on placement of Stupens, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Camposichthys) [ref. 4718]. Masc. Curimatus simulatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Camposella Fernández-Yépez, 1948, preoccupied by Camposella Cole, 1919 in Diptera. Camposichthys itself preoccupied by Camposichthys Travassos, 1946 in fishes and replaced by Stupens Whitley, 1954. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189] based on placement of Stupens, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Curimata) [ref. 4572]. Fem. Salmo (Curimata) marggravii Walbaum, 1792. Type by monotypy. Not described as a genus or subgenus (see Opinion 772), placed on Official Index; Curimates Goldfuss, 1820 and Curimate Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 based on Walbaum are not original descriptions. •In the synonymy of Curimata Bosc 1817 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Curimatus) [ref. 3303]. Masc. Salmo edentulus Bloch, 1794. Type by subsequent designation. See Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:421 [ref. 1224]. Not mentioned in Opinion 772. •Objective synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 – (Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Lambepiedra) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Lambepiedra alleni Fernández-Yépez, 1948. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Peltapleura) [ref. 1373]. Fem. Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Semitapicis) [ref. 1254]. Masc. Charax planirostris Gronow, 1854. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:422 [ref. 1224]. Type belongs in Curimata cyprinoides complex (see discussion in Vari 1984:14-16 [ref. 5307]). Semitapiscis Braga & Azpelicueta, 1983:139, footnote on p. 140 [ref. 5308] is an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Semitapicis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Braga & Azpelicueta 1983:139 [ref. 5308]). •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654] as Semitapiscis, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae. (Stupens) [ref. 4721]. Masc. Curimatus simulatus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by being a replacement name. Treated as masculine (Art. 30.2.4). Replacement for Camposichthys Whitley, 1953, preoccupied by Camposichthys Travassos, 1946 in fishes. •Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata Bosc, 1817. Curimatidae.

Species Curimata acutirostris Vari & Reis, 1995 - Araguaia curimata (author) [=Curimata acutirostris Vari [R. P.] & Reis [R. E.], 1995:298, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21943] Marginal lagoons by Rio Araguaia near Luis Alves, São Miguel do Araguaia, about 13°14'S, 50°53'W, Goiás, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimata acutirostris Vari & Reis, 1995. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata aspera Günther, 1868 - Huallaga curimata (author) [=Curimatus asper Günther [A.], 1868:478, Curimatus simulatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:430 [22]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Valid as Curimata aspera Günther, 1868. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, western Brazil and eastern Peru: Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (simulatus) [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Solimões at Fonte Boa, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimata aspera Günther, 1868. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata cerasina Vari, 1984 - cerasina toothless characin (author) [=Curimata cerasina Vari [R. P.], 1984:30, Fig. 1] Notes: [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 8204] Flooded area along road from San Fernando de Apure to Arichuna, 15 kilometers southeast of San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Curimata cerasina Vari, 1984. Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata cisandina (Allen, in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) - Bronco curimata (author) [=Psectrogaster cisandinus Allen [W. R.], in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942:290, Pl. 14 (fig. 3), Lambepiedra alleni Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:62, Fig. 33] Notes: [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Loreto, Iquitos, Peru. Current status: Valid as Curimata cisandina (Allen, 1942). Curimatidae. Distribution: Bronco River, middle and upper portions of Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (alleni) [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Lago Cashyboya, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cisandina (Allen, 1942). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) - bocachico [=Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus [C.] (ex Gronow), 1766:514, Curimata copei Fowler [H. W.], 1906:301, Fig. 7, Salmo curimata Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:80, Salmo curimata Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:417, Salmo edentulus Bloch [M. E.], 1794:97, Pl. 380, Salmo immaculatus Linnaeus [C.], 1758:312, Charax planirostris Gronow [L. T.], in Gray, 1854:154, Curimatus schomburgkii Günther [A.], 1864:291] Notes: [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Current status: Valid as Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (copei) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (curimata W) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (curimata B) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Brazil Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (edentulus) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (immaculatus) [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (planirostris) [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Tropical America. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (schomburgkii) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata incompta Vari, 1984 - Rio Meta curimata (author) [=Curimata incompta Vari [R. P.], 1984:34, Fig. 4] Notes: [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 8204] Río Meta near Puerto Páez, 6°13'N, 67°28'W, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Curimata incompta Vari, 1984. Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata inornata Vari, 1989 - Tocantins curimata (author) [=Curimata inornata Vari [R. P.], 1989:31, Fig. 21] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 474; ref. 13506] Edge of river channel, Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, about 4°17'S, 55°59'W. Current status: Valid as Curimata inornata Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Tocantins River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata knerii (Steindachner, 1876) - Kner's curimata (author) [=Curimatus knerii Steindachner [F.], 1876:83 [35]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Rio Tefé, Amazonas state, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimata knerii Steindachner, 1876. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata macrops (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Rio Poti curimata (author) [=Curimatus macrops Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:429 [21]] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Poti, at Teresina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimata macrops Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: Poti and Parnaíba rivers, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata mivartii Steindachner, 1878 - Mivart's curimata (author) [=Curimatus mivartii Steindachner [F.], 1878:90] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 15 (no. 12); ref. 20476] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Curimata mivartii Steindachner, 1878. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rivers in Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata ocellata (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Rio Xingu curimata (author) [=Curimatus ocellatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:427 [19], Curimatus semitaeniatus Steindachner [F.], 1915:18 [4]] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Xingu, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Negro, and upper Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (semitaeniatus) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Moara, near mouth of Rio Branco in Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata roseni Vari, 1989 - Rosen's curimata (author) [=Curimata roseni Vari [R. P.], 1989:35, Figs. 25-27] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 474; ref. 13506] Cataract pool, Cachoeira do Bem Querer, Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil, about 2°50'N, 60°43'W. Current status: Valid as Curimata roseni Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Orinoco River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858) - Rio Guapore curimata (author) [=Curimatus vittatus Kner [R.], 1858:76, Fig. 1, Curimata murieli Allen [W. R.], in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942:298, Pl. 14 (fig. 1), Salmo roncador Natterer [J.], in Kner, 1859:141 [5]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Río Guaporé, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon, upper Orinoco and Essequibo River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (murieli) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Ucayali, Contamana, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (roncador) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Current status: Synonym of Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae.

GENUS Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - toothless characins [=Curimatella (subgenus of Curimatus) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:415, Apolinarella Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:22, Lepipinna Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:26, Walbaunina Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:24] Notes: [ref. 1254]. Fem. Curimatus lepidurus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:420 [ref. 1224]. Curimatella Pellegrin as given by Jordan 1920:533 [ref. 4905] introduced by error. •Valid as Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Géry 1977:238 [ref. 1597], Géry et al. 1987:431 [ref. 6001], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:8 [ref. 19021], Taphorn 1992:411 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2010:385 [ref. 30968]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. (Apolinarella) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus meyeri Steindachner, 1882. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:8 [ref. 19021], Taphorn 1992:411 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. (Lepipinna) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Anodus alburnus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:8 [ref. 19021], Taphorn 1992:411 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. (Walbaunina) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus dorsalis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Spelled Walbaumina by authors. •Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:8 [ref. 19021], Taphorn 1992:411 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae.

Species Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel, 1844) - Amucu characin (author) [=Anodus alburnus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:83, Curimatus alburnus var. lineatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:419 [11]] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Lake Amucu, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Tocantins River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (lineatus) [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Jutaí, tributary of rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella alburna (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Solimbes toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus dorsalis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:420 [12], Curimatella alburnus var. australe Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:510, Curimatus bolivarensis Steindachner [F.], 1910:265, Curimatus (Curimatella) alburnus var. caudimaculatus Pellegrin [J.], 1909:150, Curimatus elegans var. paraguayensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] (ex Mojarra), 1903:510] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Solimbes at Coari, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (australe) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (bolivarensis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 47 (no. 17); ref. 14874] Río Orinoco, near Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (caudimaculatus) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 3424] Santarém, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (paraguayensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Estancia La Armonia, Arroyo Carumbey, Paraguay. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatella immaculata (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) - Obidos toothless characin (author) [=Lepipinna immaculata Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Eigenmann), 1948:27, Fig. 9] Notes: [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Obidos, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimatella immaculata (Fernández-Yépez, 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespeard in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatella lepidura (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Sao Francisco toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus lepidurus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:8] Notes: [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Rio São Francisco below falls, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimatella lepidura (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882) - Meyer's toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus meyeri Steindachner [F.], 1882:176, Curimata reticulata Allen [W. R.], in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942:295, Pl. 14 (fig. 2), Curimatus serpae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:7] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, northeastern Peru. Current status: Valid as Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (reticulata) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Lake Cashiboya, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (serpae) [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Serpa (= Amazon River at Itacoatiara), Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876 - toothless characins, curimatas [=Curimatopsis (subgenus of Curimatus) Steindachner [F.], 1876:81, Curimatichthys Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:71] Notes: [ref. 4225]. Fem. Curimatus (Curimatopsis) macrolepis Steindachner, 1876. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876 -- (Vari 1982 [ref. 5485], Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], see also Géry et al. 1987:435 [ref. 6001], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Géry 2007:107 [ref. 29224]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876. Curimatidae. (Curimatichthys) [ref. 1316]. Masc. Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled once as Curimatichtys on p. 71, correctly once as Curimatichthys on p. 71 and in index. •Synonym of Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876 -- (Vari 1982:12 [ref. 5485], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatopsis Steindachner, 1876. Curimatidae

Species Curimatopsis cryptica Vari, 1982 - Amucu toothless characin (author) [=Curimatopsis crypticus Vari [R. P.], 1982:19, Figs. 15-18] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 373; ref. 5485] Stream 2 kilometers east of Lake Amucu, Rupununi District, Guyana, about 3°43'N, 59°25'W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis cryptica Vari, 1982. Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. Species Curimatopsis evelynae Géry, 1964 - spottail curimata [=Curimatopsis evelynae Géry [J.], 1964:47, Figs. 13-14] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 4, Jan.); ref. 1582] Río Manacacias into upper Río Meta, at Restrepo, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis evelynae Géry, 1964. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis guaporensis Melo & Oliveira, 2017 - Guapore curimata (author) [=Curimatopsis guaporensis Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.], 2017:3, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Córrego da Várzea in the road MT-199, Parque Estadual Serra de Ricardo Franco, Rio Guaporé, Rio Madeira, Amazon basin, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°50'18"S, 60°04'14"W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis guaporensis Melo & Oliveira, 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Guaporé, Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis jaci Melo & Oliveira, 2017 - Cristalino curimata (author) [=Curimatopsis jaci Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.], 2017:10, Figs. 4, 5] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Rio Teles Pires, Rio Cristalino, upriver Thaimaçu lodge, Rio São Benedito drainage, Pará, Jacareacanga, Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Jacareacanga, Pará, Brazil, 09°04'46"S, 56°31'51"W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis jaci Melo & Oliveira, 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio São Benedito, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner, 1876) - shinyscaled curimata [=Curimatus (Curimatopsis) macrolepis Steindachner [F.], 1876:81 [33], Curimatopsis macrocephalus Ahl [E.], 1931:207, Fig. 1, Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Tabatinga, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (macrocephalus) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis maculosa Melo et al., 2016 - Monte Cristo curimata (author) [=Curimatopsis maculosa Melo [B. F.], Vari [R. P.] & Oliveira [C.], 2016:304, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 4) for Dec.; ref. 34913] Monte Cristo, Lagoa de Santa Clara, Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil, 4°05'00"S, 55°37'00"W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis maculosa Melo, Vari & Oliveira, 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: Middle and lower Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Jatuarana toothless characin (author) [=Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:7] Notes: [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Jatuarana, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis myersi Vari, 1982 - Paraguay toothless characin (author) [=Curimatopsis myersi Vari [R. P.], 1982:788, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (no. 4); ref. 8407] Swamp, 3 kilometers northwest of Lima, San Pedro Department, Paraguay, about 23°55'S, 56°29'W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis myersi Vari, 1982. Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Curimatopsis pallida Melo & Oliveira, 2017 - Igarape curimata (author) [=Curimatopsis pallida Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.], 2017:6, Fig. 3] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Igarapé at the right margin circa 20 km from mouth of Rio Cuieiras, Rio Negro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, approximately 02°41'51.8"S, 60°23'57.6"W. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis pallida Melo & Oliveira, 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Negro, Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 - toothless characins [=Cyphocharax (subgenus of Curimata) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:297, Curimatoides Fowler [H. W.], 1940:255, Hemicurimata (subgenus of Curimata) Myers [G. S.], 1929:620, Xyrocharax (subgenus of Curimatus) Fowler [H. W.], 1914:673] Notes: [ref. 1373]. Masc. Curimatus spilurus Günther, 1864. Type by original designation. •Valid as Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:10 [ref. 13475], Malabarba 1989:124 [ref. 14217], Vari & Barriga S. 1990 [ref. 15520], Vari 1992 [ref. 19020], Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Vari & Chang 2006:93 [ref. 28639], Vari et al. 2012:63 [ref. 31971], Wasiacki & Miranda 2014:627 [ref. 33098], Melo & Vari 2014:327 [ref. 33379]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Curimatoides) [ref. 1432]. Masc. Curimatoides ucayalensis Fowler, 1940. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:4 [ref. 19020], Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Hemicurimata) [ref. 3102]. Fem. Curimata esperanzae Myers, 1929. Type by original designation. •Valid as Hemicurimata Myers, 1929 -- (see Vari 1982:11 [ref. 5485]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:4 [ref. 19020], Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Xyrocharax) [ref. 1391]. Masc. Curimatus stigmaturus Fowler, 1914. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1992:4 [ref. 19020], Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae.

Species Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner, 1858) - abramoides toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus abramoides Kner [R.], 1858:76] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Mouth of Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda, 2014 - Mopeca toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki [W. B.] & Miranda [D. P. da S.], 2014:627, Figs. 1, 3] Notes: [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33098] Pará , Almeirim Municipality, Rio Mopeco, left tributary of Rio Paru, left tributary of lower Rio Amazonas, 0°49'24.2"N, 53°5"46.4"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda, 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Mopeca, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax aspilos Vari, 1992 - Maracaibo toothless characin (author) [=Cyphochauax aspilos Vari [R. P.], 1992:61, Figs. 40-42] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Estación Centro Adistramiento Don Bosco, Carrasguero, Zulia, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aspilos Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tributaries to Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari et al., 2012 - Litani toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari [R. P.], Sidlauskas [B. L.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.], 2012:64, Fig. 1] Notes: [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 31971] Litani River at mouth and confluence with Marowijni River, Litani River mouth, just upstream from settlement of Konya Kondre, 3°17'24"N, 54°04'38"W, Sipalawini, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari, Sidlauskas & Le Bail, 2012. Curimatidae. Distribution: Marowijne River/Maroni River system of eastern Suriname and western French Guiana and Mana basin in French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo, 2017 - Alto Araguaia toothless characid (author) [=Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo [B. F.], 2017:115, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 2); ref. 35213] Alto Araguaia, córrego do Sapo, upriver Couto Magalhães falls, rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 17°31'10.6"S, 53°15'33.0"W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo, 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Araguaia, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang, 2006 - Maranon toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax derhami Vari [R. P.] & Chang [F.], 2006:94, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28639] Río Marañon, Yanayacu, Quebrada Negra, 4°52'30"S, 74°55'W, Province de Loreto, Dept. de Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang, 2006. Curimatidae. Distribution: Northeastern Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax festivus Vari, 1992 - Nanay toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax festivus Vari [R. P.], 1992:45, Figs. 26-27] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Caños entering Río Nanay, northeast of Iquitos, Peru, about 3°49'S, 73°11'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax festivus Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins: Brazil, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax gangamon Vari, 1992 - Tapajos toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax gangamon Vari [R. P.], 1992:96, Figs. 72-73] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Lago da Santa Clara, Monte Cristo, Pará, Rio Tapajós, Brazil, about 4°04'S, 55°38'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gangamon Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) - Macacu toothless characin (author) [=Curimata gilbert Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.], 1824:219, Pl. 48 (fig. 1), Curimatus albula Lütken [C. F.], 1875:127 [1], Pseudocurimata grandocule Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos), 1948:47, Fig. 23] Notes: [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio Macacu, tributary of Bahia da Guanabara, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). Curimatidae. Distribution: Coastal drainages of eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (albula) [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas at Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (grandocule) [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Vicinity of Linhares and Lago Juparaná, Espírito Santos, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903) - Tementina toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus gillii Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:510, Curimatella rehni Fowler [H. W.], 1932:343, Fig.] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater. (rehni) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 16366] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari, 1992 - Amapa toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari [R. P.], 1992:107, Figs. 80-81] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Along road to Serra Navio, Rio Cupixi, Amapá, Brazil, about 0°40'N, 51°40'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rivers in Brazil, Guyana and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner, 1910) - Suriname toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus helleri Steindachner [F.], 1910:266, Curimatopsis (Hemicurimata) esperanzae pijpersi Géry [J.], 1965:123, Pl. 2 (fig. 18), Curimatus vandeli Puyo [J.], 1943:145 [5], Fig. 3] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 47 (no. 17); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner, 1910). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in northern South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (pijpersi) [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 35; ref. 7962] "Vier Gebroeders Creek", Sipaliwini River basin, southern Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner, 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (vandeli) [Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse v. 78; ref. 13072] Small creek in region of upper Marouni River, French Guiana. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner, 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra et al., 2016 - Capoeira toothless characid (author) [=Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.], 2016:155, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Vereda Volta da Capoeira, tributary of Ribeirão da Areia, Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Município Olhos D'água, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 17°15'25.98"S, 43°43'35.91"W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali, 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge, 1996 - Quebrada toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari [R. P.] & Blackledge [T. A.], 1996:109, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1996 (no. 1); ref. 22022] Quebrada tributary to Río Jatuncocha, about 1 kilometer upstream from Laguna Jatuncocha, 1°00'06"S, 75°31'36"W, Napo, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge, 1996. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tributary to Jatuncocha Lagoon, Napo Province, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Manaus toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus leucostictus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:425 [17], Curimatus (Curimatella) xinguensis Steindachner [F.], 1908:167] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Vivinity of Manaus, Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and coastal drainages of Amapá State: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (xinguensis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 11); ref. 18806] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax lundi Dutra et al., 2016 - Lagoa Santa toothless characid (author) [=Cyphocharax lundi Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.], 2016:159, Fig. 4] Notes: [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Karst of Lagoa Santa, Córrego Capão de Santana, tributary of Córrego do Jaques, itself a tributary of the Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco drainage, Município Confins, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°36'55.61"S, 43°57'20.46"W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax lundi Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali, 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) - Magdalena toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus magdalenae Steindachner [F.], 1878:90, Pseudocurimata steindachneri Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:48, Fig. 24] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 15 (no. 12); ref. 20476] Río Magdalena, northwestern Colombia. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878). Curimatidae. Distribution: Colombia, Costa Rica and Panama. Habitat: freshwater. (steindachneri) [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Truando [not Boca de Certegui], Río Magdalena, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari, 1992 - Aro toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari [R. P.], 1992:105, Fig. 79] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] About 85 kilometers from Ciudad Bolívar, about 3 kilometers downstream from bridge at Rt. 19, Río Aro, Bolívar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Aro River, Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari, 1992 - Marauia toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari [R. P.], 1992:77, Fig. 54] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Cachoeira de Bicho-Açu (about 0°20'S, 65°29[or 20]'W), Rio Marauiá, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Marauiá River, Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - microcephalus toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus microcephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:423 [15]] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Suriname. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Atlantic drainages of northern South America: French Guiana (?), Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) - Batalha toothless characin (author) [=Curimatorbis modestus Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos), 1948:43, Fig. 21] Notes: [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Near Bauru, Rio Batalha, tributary of Rio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin and Paraguay River above Sete Quedas Falls: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers, 1927) - Burcuri toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus multilineatus Myers [G. S.], 1927:109] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Rio Negro at Bucuri, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers, 1927). Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Negro River of Brazil and Venezuela and upper portions of Orinoco River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881) - Parana toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus nagelii Steindachner [F.], 1881:98] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademy der Wissenschften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschftliche Classe v. 18 (no. 11); ref. 20484] Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881). Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari, 1992 - Branco toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari [R. P.], 1992:49, Figs. 29-30] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Praia do Xeruini, Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil, about 1°00"S, 61°50'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner, 1908) - Belem toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus notatus Steindachner [F.], 1908:166, Curimatus hermanni Ahl [E.], 1931:207] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 11); ref. 18806] Belém fish market, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner, 1908). Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins, Amazon and Capim River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (hermanni) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner, 1908). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax oenas Vari, 1992 - Cano toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax oenas Vari [R. P.], 1992:121, Fig. 93] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 92 nautical miles from sea buoy (8°18'00"N, 61°25'36"W), secondary caño off Caño Paloma, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax oenas Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga S., 1990 - Napo toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari [R. P.] & Barriga S. [R.], 1990:551, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 15520] Laguna de Jatuncocha, Napo, Ecuador, 1°00'S, 75°29'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga S., 1990. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Amazon River basin, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari et al., 2010 - Gongogi toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari [R. P.], Zanata [A. M.] & Camelier [P.], 2010:382, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2010 (no. 3); ref. 30968] Aurelino Leal, Laje do Banco, Rio do Banco, tributary of Rio Gongogi, Rio de Contas basin, 14°22'01"S, 39°24'56"W, Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari, Zanata & Camelier, 2010. Curimatidae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax platanus (Günther, 1880) - La Plata toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus platanus Günther [A.], 1880:12] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 14279] Río de la Plata, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax platanus (Günther, 1880). Curimatidae. Distribution: La Plata River basin and upper Paraguay River: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Hyanuary toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus plumbeus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:425 [17]] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lake Hyanuary (= Paraná do Januari), Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Tocantins River basins: Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen, 1986) - Litani toothless characin (author) [=Curimata punctata Vari [R. P.] & Nijssen [H.], 1986:52, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-4)] Notes: [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 8027] Litani River near Kawatop Village, upper Marowijne River system, Marowijne District, Suriname, 3°11'N, 54°12'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen, 1986). Curimatidae. Distribution: Marowijne River system: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken, 1933) - rosy curimata [=Curimatopsis saladensis Meinken [H.] 1933:71, Fig.] Notes: [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 44 (no. 5); ref. 16504] Río Salado, affluent to Río Paraná, Santa Fe region, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken, 1933). Curimatidae. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari, 2014 - Sao Gabriel characin (author) [=Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo [B. F.] & Vari [R. P.], 2014:328, Fig. 1] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33379] Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Igarapé Nouba Uba, near BR-307 road, upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, 00°00.321'N, 66°55.357’W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari, 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) - Hansa toothless characin (author) [=Pseudocurimata santacatarinae Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:50, Fig. 25, Curimata vari Gaye-Siessegger [J.] & Fricke [R.], 1998:3, Fig. 1] Notes: [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Hansa, margin of Rio Itajai, near Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez, 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (vari) [Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie). No. 576; ref. 23755] Rio Cubatão, 2 kilometers above national highway bridge, 27°41'30"S, 48°40'50"W, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez, 1948). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax signatus Vari, 1992 - Vermelho toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax signatus Vari [R. P.], 1992:67, Fig. 47] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Rio Vermelho, where crossed by road from Aruanã to Britânia, Goiás, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax signatus Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Vermelho River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari, 1987) - Santa Maria toothless characin (author) [=Curimata spilota Vari [R. P.], 1987:603, Fig. 1, Curimata gnaca Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Braga [L.], 1988:118, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Santa Maria, at bridge on Rodovia highway BR-293 between Dom Pedrito and Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari, 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: Uruguay, lower Paraná, and Paraguay River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater. (gnaca) [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 16155] Pond of the Barrio Toba, Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari, 1987). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Ica toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus spiluropsis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:420 [12], Curimata esperanzae Myers [G. S.], 1929:620, Curimatus stigmaturus Fowler [H. W.], 1914:673, Curimatoides ucayalensis Fowler [H. W.], 1940:256, Fig. 55] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Iça, tributary of Rio Solimões, near Brazil-Colombia border, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (esperanzae) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 18); ref. 3102] Cachuela Esperanza, Río Beni, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (stigmaturus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65 (for 1913); ref. 1391] Río Marañon at Nauta, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ucayalensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther, 1864) - Essequibo tootless characin (author) [=Curimatus spilurus Günther [A.], 1864:288, Curimatus surinamensis Steindachner [F.], 1910:267] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther, 1864). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (surinamensis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 47 (no. 17); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther, 1864). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari, 1992 - Xingu toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari [R. P.], 1992:20, Figs 4-5] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Belo Monte, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, about 3°10'S, 5°50'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins and Xingu River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski, 1980) - Corumbatai toothless characin (author) [=Curimata vanderi Britski [H. A.], 1980:327, Fig. 1] Notes: [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 33 (no. 23); ref. 8734] Rio Corumbataí, São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski, 1980). Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari, 1992 - Itaya toothless characin (author) [=Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari [R. P.], 1992:39, Figs. 20-22] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 10 kilometers upstream of Belén (Iquitos), Río Itaya, Loreto, Peru, about 3°51'S, 73°12'W. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari, 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Middle and upper Amazon River basin: Brazil, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Cyphocharax voga (Hensel, 1870) - voga toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus voga Hensel [R.], 1870:78, Curimatopsis maculatus Ahl [E.], 1934:240] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 18277] Rio dos Sinos at São Leopoldo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax voga (Hensel, 1870). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (maculatus) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1934 (nos 4-7); ref. 16409] Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel, 1870). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Potamorhina Cope, 1878 - toothless characins [=Potamorhina Cope [E. D.], 1878:685, Gasterotomus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1910:422, Suprasinelepichthys Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:35] Notes: [ref. 945]. Fem. Curimatus (Anodus) pristigaster Steindachner, 1876. Type by monotypy. Unjustifiably emended to, or misspelled Potamorrhina by authors. •Valid as Potamorhina Cope, 1878 -- (Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], Vari 1984 [ref. 5307], see also Géry et al. 1987:433 [ref. 6001], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Taphorn 1992:420 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061] as on p. 675, Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina Cope, 1878. Curimatidae. (Gasterotomus) [ref. 1224]. Masc. Anodus latior Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Gasterostomus by authors. •Synonym of Potamorhina Cope, 1878 -- (Vari 1984:11 [ref. 5307], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Taphorn 1992:420 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Potamorhina Cope, 1878. Curimatidae. (Suprasinelepichthys) [ref. 1316]. Masc. Curimatus laticeps Valenciennes, 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Potamorhina Cope, 1878 -- (Vari 1984:11 [ref. 5307], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Taphorn 1992:420 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Potamorhina Cope, 1878. Curimatidae.

Species Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope, 1878) - branquinha cabeça lisa [=Curimatus altamazonicus Cope [E. D.], 1878:684] Notes: [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Current status: Valid as Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope, 1878). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, introduced into northeastern Brazil: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Potamorhina laticeps (Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - manamana [=Curimatus laticeps Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:21, Pl. 634] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Near Lake Maricaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Potamorhina laticeps (Valenciennes, 1850). Curimatidae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) - branquinha comum [=Anodus latior Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:61, Pl. 41] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876) - yahuarachi [=Curimatus (Anodus) pristigaster Steindachner [F.], 1876:73 [25], Pl. 6] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Tefe, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Potamorhina squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1983) - squamoralevis characin (author) [=Semitapiscis squamoralevis Braga [L.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], 1983:140, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 18; ref. 5308] Río Paraná, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina. Current status: Valid as Potamorhina squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1983). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay and Paraná River basins: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - toothless characins [=Psectrogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:7, Hamatichthys Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:33, Pseudopsectrogaster Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:31, Semelcarinata Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:59] Notes: [ref. 1252]. Fem. Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation. Also in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 (Nov.):412 [ref. 1254]; 1889:7 published in April. •Valid as Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], Géry et al. 1987:429 [ref. 6001], Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989 [ref. 13548], Taphorn 1992:423 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. (Hamatichthys) [ref. 1316]. Masc. Anodus ciliatus Müller & Troschel, 1844. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:12 [ref. 13548], Taphorn 1992:423 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae (Pseudopsectrogaster) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:12 [ref. 13548], Taphorn 1992:423 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. (Semelcarinata) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus isognathus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189] with wrong type, Vari 1989:12 [ref. 13548], Taphorn 1992:423 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae.

Species Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Aleixo neotropical characin (author) [=Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:7] Notes: [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Lago Aleixo, on Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins and Amazon River basins of Equador, Peru, and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel, 1844) - beiru [=Anodus ciliatus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.], 1844:84] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel, 1844). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - ilorona, sabalina, sairu-cascudo [=Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:509, Psectrogaster rhomboides australis Risso [F. J. J.] & Sánchez [E. L.], 1964:6, Pl. 1, Curimata pearsoni Myers [G. S.], 1929:621] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Río Paraguay, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay and southern portions of Madeira River basins, South America. Habitat: freshwater. (australis) [Notas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales del Chaco v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 21158] Resistencia, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pearsoni) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 18); ref. 3102] Cachuela Esperanza, Río Beni, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster essequibensis (Günther, 1864) - Essequibo neotropical characin (author) [=Curimatus essequibensis Günther [A.], 1864:291] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster essequibensis (Günther, 1864). Curimatidae. Distribution: Essequibo and Amazon River basins, South America. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster falcata (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Xingu neotropical characin (author) [=Curimatus falcatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:430 [22]] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster falcata (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Lower portions of Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 - Poti neotropical characin (author) [=Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:7] Notes: [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Rio Poti at Teresina, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraíba and Juguaribe River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858) - Mato Grosso neotropical characin (author) [=Curimatus rutiloides Kner [R.], 1858:76, Psectrogaster auratus Gill [T. N.], 1896:201, Curimatus isognathus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:428 [20]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Mato Grosso; Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, South America. Habitat: freshwater. (auratus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 18 (no. 1055); ref. 14582] Presumably Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (isognathus) [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lago Aleixo, Iça, on Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Psectrogaster saguiru (Fowler, 1941) - Papary neotropical characin (author) [=Curimata saguiru Fowler [H. W.], 1941:164, Fig. 77] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Lago Papary, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster saguiru (Fowler, 1941). Curimatidae. Distribution: Northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Pseudocurimata Fernandez-Yepez, 1948 - toothless characins [=Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:45] Notes: [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimatus lineopunctatus Boulenger, 1911. Type by original designation. •Valid as Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez, 1948 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1989:10 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2010:385 [ref. 30968]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez, 1948. Curimatidae.

Species Pseudocurimata boehlkei Vari, 1989 - Boehlke's pseudocurimata (author) [=Pseudocurimata boehlkei Vari [R. P.], 1989:21, Figs. 14-17] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 490; ref. 13475] Esteros La Bocana del Cupa 100 meters below Puerto Cupa, Río Esmeraldas basin, Ecuador, about 0°26'N, 79°26'W. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata boehlkei Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Esmeraldas and Santiago River basins, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann, in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907) - nayon [=Curimatus boulengeri Eigenmann [C. H.], in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:3 Curimatus boulengeri Pellegrin [J.], 1909:343 [2] (footnote), Curimatus guentheri Boulenger [G. A.], 1898:4] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Río Vinces, Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907). Curimatidae. Distribution: Rivers draining into northern Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater. (boulengeri) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (guentheri) [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 13 (no. 329); ref. 14677] Río Vinces, Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann, 1907). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudocurimata lineopunctata (Boulenger, 1911) - Tamana characin (author) [=Curimatus lineopunctatus Boulenger [G. A.], 1911:213] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38); ref. 14777] Río Tamana at Novita, Chocó Dept., southwestern Colombia, elevation 150-200 feet. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata lineopunctata (Boulenger, 1911). Curimatidae. Distribution: Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudocurimata patiae (Eigenmann, in Eigenmann et al., 1914) - Telembi neotropical characin (author) [=Curimatus patiae Eigenmann [C. H.], in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson, 1914:12] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Telembi, Barbacoas, Lower Río Patia system, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata patiae (Eigenmann, 1914). Curimatidae. Distribution: Patia River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudocurimata peruana (Eigenmann, 1922) - boquitón [=Curimatus peruanus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:104, Pl. 18 (fig. 4)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Río Chira at Sullana, Peru. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata peruana (Eigenmann, 1922). Curimatidae. Distribution: Chira and Piura River basins, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther, 1860) - boquiche [=Anodus troschelii Günther [A.], 1860:418, Curimatus aureus Pellegrin [J.], 1909:342 [1], Curimatus brevipes Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.], 1907:3, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (pt 3); ref. 18210] Western Andes of Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther, 1860). Curimatidae. Distribution: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (aureus) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Río Guayas, Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther, 1860). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (brevipes) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Peru? (locality uncertain, probably Pacific coast drainages). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther, 1860). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906 - toothless characins [=Steindachnerina (subgenus of Curimata) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:298, Cruxentina Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:52, Curimatorbis Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:42, Rivasella Fernández-Yépez [A.], 1948:56] Notes: [ref. 1373]. Fem. Curimatus trachystethus Cope, 1878. Type by original designation. •Valid as Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari & Williams Vari 1989 [ref. 12508], Malabarba 1989:125 [ref. 14217], Vari 1991 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:426 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Lucina & Vari 2009:142 [ref. 30061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:523 [ref. 31707]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Cruxentina) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimata hypostoma hastata Allen, 1942. Type by original designation. For purposes of the type species, the subspecies hastata is elevated to species level; type not hypostoma. •Synonym of Cyphocharax Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189] but by error as noted in Vari 1991:29 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1991:27 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:426 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Curimatorbis) [ref. 1316]. Masc. Curimata atratoensis Eigenmann, 1912. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1991:27 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:426 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae. (Rivasella) [ref. 1316]. Fem. Curimata melaniris Fowler, 1940. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906 -- (Vari 1989:6 [ref. 9189], Vari 1991:28 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:426 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina Fowler, 1906. Curimatidae.

Species Steindachnerina amazonica (Steindachner, 1911) - Tocantins toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus elegans var. amazonica Steindachner [F.], 1911:330] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 48 (no. 15); ref. 14815] Rio Tocantins, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina amazonica (Steindachner, 1911). Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocanntins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina argentea (Gill, 1858) - stout sardine [=Curimatus argenteus Gill [T. N.], 1858:422 [62]] Notes: [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina argentea (Gill, 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, and Caribbean draining rivers of Venezuela and Trinidad: Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1912) - Atrato toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus atratoensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:19] Notes: [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Quibdó, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1912). Curimatidae. Distribution: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876) - Javari toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus bimaculatus Steindachner [F.], 1876:76 [28], Curimata melaniris Fowler [H. W.], 1940:253, Fig. 54, Prochilodus pterostigma Fowler [H. W.], 1913:520, Fig. 3, Curimatus semiornatus Steindachner [F.], 1914:262, Curimatus bimaculatus var. sialis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:422 [14], Curimatus trachystethus Cope [E. D.], 1878:684] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Rio Javarí [tributary of Rio Solimões at Peru-Brazil border], Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and lower Orinoco River basins: Bolovia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (melaniris) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Boca Chica, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pterostigma) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira, about 20 miles north of Porto Velho, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (semiornatus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 51 (no. 12); ref. 14176] Rio Negro mouth, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (sialis) [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lake Manacapuru, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (trachystethus) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon, probably Pebas, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina binotata (Pearson, 1924) - Rurrenabaque toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus binotatus Pearson [N. E.], 1924:28, Pl. 9 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina binotata (Pearson, 1924). Curimatidae. Distribution: Western portions of Amazon River basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1987) - Juan Blanco toothless characin (author) [=Curimata biornata Braga [L.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], 1987:466, Figs. 1-2, Curimata stigmosa Vari [R. P.], 1987:606, Fig. 3] Notes: [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 9141] Arroyo Juan Blanco, tributary of Río de la Plata, Magdalena, Buenos Aires, Argentina, about 35°11'S, 57°24'W. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in southern South America. Habitat: freshwater. (stigmosa) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Jacuí, at bridge between Santa Maria and Veracruz, about 29°41'S, 53°19'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1987). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Rosario toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus gilberti var. brevipinnis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:424 [16], Curimatus nigrotaenia Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:285, Curimatus nitens Holmberg [E. L.], 1891:184] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rosario, Río de la Plata system, Santa Fe, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in southern South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (nigrotaenia) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 9 (no. 52) (art. 47); ref. 14846] Rio Coxipo, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (nitens) [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río Paraguay, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina conspersa (Holmberg, 1891) - Formosa toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus conspersus Holmberg [E. L.], 1891:185] Notes: [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río Paraguay, Formosa, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina conspersa (Holmberg, 1891). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina corumbae Pavanelli & Britski, 1999 - Corumba toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina corumbae Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.], 1999:212, Fig. 2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24224] Rio Pirapitinga, tributary of Rio Corumbá, Caldas Novas, Goiás State, Brazil, 17°48'S, 48°33'W. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina corumbae Pavanelli & Britski, 1999. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Corumbá, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868) - Huallaga toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus dobula Günther [A.], 1868:479, Curimata hypostoma hastata Allen [W. R.], in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942:297, Curimatus nasus Steindachner [F.], 1882:142, Curimata niceforoi Fowler [H. W.], 1943:224, Figs. 1-3, Prochilodus stigmaturus Fowler [H. W.], 1911:494, Fig. 1] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Distribution: Western. portions of Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (hastata) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (nasus) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 19 (no. 16); ref. 20485] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (niceforoi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá Dept., Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (stigmaturus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1384] Affluent of the Río Chimbo near Bucay, Guayas Province, western Ecuador. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner, 1875) - Aracuai toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus elegans Steindachner [F.], 1875:529 [31], Curimatus elegans var. bahiensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:421 [13]] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 70 (1. Abth.); ref. 18771] Rio Araçuaí [Arassuahy], tributary of Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner, 1875). Curimatidae. Distribution: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (bahiensis) [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Salvador and environs, Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner, 1875). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina fasciata (Vari & Géry, 1985) - Romari toothless characin (author) [=Curimata fasciata Vari [R. P.] & Géry [J.], 1985:1030, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 4); ref. 9411] Rio Romari near Nova Uniãa, Municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Territory Rondônia, 10°53'17"S, 62°33'35"W, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina fasciata (Vari & Géry, 1985). Curimatidae. Distribution: Madeira River basin and Rio Tapajós system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina gracilis Vari & Williams Vari, 1989 - Araguaia toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina gracilis Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.], 1989:474, Figs. 1d, 5] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Rio Araguaia, Arauna, about 14°54'S, 51°05'W, Goiás, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina gracilis Vari & Williams Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) - Tabatinga toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus guentheri Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.], 1889:423 [15], Curimatus issororoensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:266, Pl. 34 (fig. 4), Curimatus metae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:230, Pl. 17 (fig. 1), Curimatus morawhannae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:266, Pl. 34 (fig. 3), Curimata robustula Allen [W. R.], in Eigenmann & Allen, 1942:298] Notes: [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (issororoensis) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Issoror Rubber Plantation, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (metae) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (morawhannae) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Morawhanna, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (robustula) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Creek, Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of northeastern South America: Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina hypostoma (Boulenger, 1887) - Ucayali toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus hypostoma Boulenger [G. A.], 1887:172] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 111) (art. 23); ref. 17020] Río Ucayali, Amazon system, Peru. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina hypostoma (Boulenger, 1887). Curimatidae. Distribution: Central and western portions of Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) - Tatui toothless characin (author) [=Cruxentina insculpta Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos), 1948:53, Figs. 27-28] Notes: [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Rio Tatuí [Tatuhy], Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina leucisca (Günther, 1868) - leucisca toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus leuciscus Günther [A.], 1868:479, Curimatus leuciscus boliviae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.], 1907:4, Allenina pectinata Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Eigenmann), 1948:40, Fig. 19] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon River system, Amazonas, Peru. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina leucisca (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (boliviae) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Apparently Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leucisca (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pectinata) [Boletin Taxonómico - Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Laboratorio de Pesquería. (no. 1). Caiguire, Venezuela. No. 1; ref. 1316] Maracapuru, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leucisca (Günther, 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina notograptos Lucinda & Vari, 2009 - Tocantins toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina notograptos Lucinda [P. H. F.] & Vari [R. P.], 2009:142, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2009 (no. 1); ref. 30061] Rio Palmas, 12°37'S, 47°52'W, Paranã, Rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina notograptos Lucinda & Vari, 2009. Curimatidae. Distribution: Middle portions of Rio Tocantins drainage, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina notonota (Miranda Ribeiro, 1937) - Granjeiro toothless characin (author) [=Curimatus notonotus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1937:55] Notes: [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 1; ref. 5025] Rio Granjeiro, Ceará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina notonota (Miranda Ribeiro, 1937). Curimatidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina planiventris Vari & Williams Vari, 1989 - Machado toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina planiventris Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.], 1989:479, Figs. 1C, 11] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Near mouth of Rio Machado, 8°03'S, 62°53'W, Rondônia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina planiventris Vari & Williams Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Negro, Blanco, and middle portions of Amazon River basin: Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina pupula Vari, 1991 - Zuata toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina pupula Vari [R. P.], 1991:77, Figs. 54-57] Notes: [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology v. 507; ref. 19019] Small caño draining into Río Oronoco, about 1 kilometer upstream of mouth of Río Zuata, Guarico, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina pupula Vari, 1991. Curimatidae. Distribution: Oronoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Steindachnerina quasimodoi Vari & Williams Vari, 1989 - Yavari toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina quasimodoi Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.], 1989:476, Figs. 1b, 6-7] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Río Yavari (= Río Javarí), near Petropolis, Loreto, Peru. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina quasimodoi Vari & Williams Vari, 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Western portions of Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina seriata Netto-Ferreira & Vari, 2011 - Jamanxim toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina seriata Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Vari [R. P.], 2011:524, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 2011 (no. 4); ref. 31707] Rio Jamanxim basin of Rio Tapajós system, near bridge along highway BR 163, south of Vila Mil, 7°51'47"S, 55°10'47"W, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina seriata Netto-Ferreira & Vari, 2011. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Jamanxim basin of Rio Tapajós system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachnerina varii Géry et al., 1991 - Awahakiki toothless characin (author) [=Steindachnerina varii Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.], 1991:32, Pl. 8 (fig. 2), Steindachnerina runa Vari [R. P.], 1991:75, Figs. 50-53] Notes: [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1, suppl.); ref. 21021] Awahakiki creek, Maroni basin, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991. Curimatidae. Distribution: French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater. (runa) [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology v. 507; ref. 19019] Morawijne or Gran Creek, 63 kilometers south of Afobaka, Brokopondo, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater **************************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa curimata, Characinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:271, 279 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 5; ref. 4930] Suriname. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). Characidae. Habitat: freshwater. edentulus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:377 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Corresponds to Salmo 7-radiatus on. p. 387. Appeared as Salmo edentulus vel 7-radiatus in Devincenzi 1925:311, 322 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Curimatus gilberti [Curimata gilbert] Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Salmo edentulus Bloch 1794. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater. leucos, Curimatus De Filippi [F.] in Tortonese 1940:139 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino. (Ser. 3) v. 48 (no. 111); ref. 21559] Not available, manuscript name and specimen mentioned in a type catalog. Curimatidae.