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America's Civil Rights Movement

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America's Civil Rights Movement A Time for Justice america’s civil rights movement CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE POSTER BONUS “I don’t know what will happen now. We’ve got some difficult A TIME FOR JUSTICE LESSON days ahead. But it doesn’t matter with me now. Because I’ve been A Civil Rights Timeline Framework How does history relate to today’s successes and challenges? Understanding the past can provide you with a firm foundation for to the mountaintop ... I’ve seen the promised land. I may not get making informed decisions today. Familiarizing yourself with historical events and experiences, like the civil rights movement in the United States, will help you acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to protect the rights and privileges, such as justice for all, promised by democracy. Timelines are graphic organizers that allow you to arrange sequential events chronologically. there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a They help you to see how significant events are interrelated, encouraging you to notice trends or make connections. Objectives Understanding the Context of the Movement Students will be able to: 6. This timeline spans a period of 13 years, from 1953 to 1965. • Examine a timeline to understand the correlation What else was happening at the time? Delve into the history people, will get to the promised land.” between events of those 13 years, and find out how other events may have • Create a timeline to demonstrate their understanding of influenced the civil rights movement. how important events and dates are interrelated • Explain orally the information on the timeline Form groups of three to consider the larger context of martin luther king jr. april 3, 1968 memphis, tenn. • Participate actively in diverse group and pair interactions politics, popular culture, social changes and economics of that period. (A handy way to remember relevant context is Materials the word “PERSIA”—Politics, Economics, Religion, Social • A Civil Rights Timeline (flip side of this poster) changes, International events and Arts.) Determine the best • Film: A Time for Justice approach for the three of you to collaborate on this task to ensure everyone has equal participation. (Note: You might ask Activities each group to look at one category of events, and divide the years Understanding a Timeline up among the group members.) 1. While you watch the film A Time for Justice, take notes on essential events. Then think about how a timeline might Presenting Information Visually help you to understand the information in the film. Working 7. As you saw in the film, the civil rights movement brought in a diverse group, discuss what kind of information is best about some big changes in the United States. Thinking presented in a timeline. about what you have seen and discussed, list some of those changes. Then create a before-and-after photograph display 2. Examine the civil rights timeline on the poster. Then in that shows them. You can find “before” photos online, on the your group discuss: What did you notice about the timeline? timeline poster, and in some of the resources listed in the How does the timeline format help you understand the in- Introduction. The “after” photos may also come from Inter- formation displayed? How does it help you understand what net sources, or you can take photos yourself that show scenes you saw in the film? that would not have happened before the modern movement for African-American equality. For example, a “before” pic- 3. Create your own timeline. Be creative with your timeline; ture might show African Americans sitting in the back of a you can get some ideas by browsing examples of timelines bus, while the “after” picture might be a photo that you have online at www.history-timelines.org.uk or http://simile.mit. taken of an integrated bus. To accompany your visual dis- edu/timeline/examples. You’ll see that timelines can be large play, write an answer to this question: Why do the changes scale—the history of Judaism, for example, covers thousands that the civil rights movement brought about matter today? of years—or they can be small scale and even personal. Display student projects so you can see one anothers’ work. For example, you might do a timeline of the history of your community, or the key events on your last birthday, or the For a full list of standards for this lesson, please see the Teacher’s To access the complete collection important events in your family. Guide on the accompanying CD. of lesson plans for A Time for Justice, 4. After you have created your timeline of significant events, please refer to the Teacher’s Guide on use the timeline to orally share the information with a part- the CD included in this teaching kit. ner. Keep in mind the importance of using past and present tenses. (Note: Have English-language learners reflect in their journals how timelines are used—or not—in their first language compared to English.) Essential Questions How does history relate to today’s successes and challenges? 5. Reflect on the linear nature of time. Does a timeline make sense in all situations? Explain. What other ways are there to How can a timeline increase your understanding of information? present information in a visually effective way? photo credits © Bettman/Corbis (Brown v. Board); AP Images/Gene Herrick (Rosa Parks); Bettman/Corbis (Elizabeth Eckford); Jack Moebes/Corbis (Woolworth sit-in); Bettman/Corbis (Freedom Riders); AP Images/Bill Hudson (dog attack); 1976 Matt Herron/Take Stock (vote); Bob Adelman/Corbis (MLK); 1976 Matt Herron/Take Stock (marchers); AP Images (Thurgood Marshall) WWW.TOLERANCE.ORG JANUARY 6, 1961 The University of Georgia is desegregated after a federal Jan judge orders black students Jan admitted. White students FEDERAL ACTION JANUARY 23, 1964 jeer, “Two, four, six, eight, A Time The 24th Amendment we don’t want to integrate.” FEBRUARY 1, 1960 to the U.S. Constitution Black students stage outlaws poll tax in sit-in at ‘whites only’ lunch FEDERAL ACTION federal elections Feb counter, Greensboro, N.C. FEBRUARY 26, 1965 Feb JIMMIE LEE JACKSON Civil rights marcher killed by state trooper, Marion, Ala. for Justice MARCH 7, 1965 March State troopers beat back marchers March america’s civil rights movement at Edmund Pettus Bridge, Selma, Ala. APRIL 1, 1962 Civil rights groups join MAR 25 forces to launch voter Apr APRIL 16, 1960 registration drive Apr Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 1965 Civil rights march from (SNCC) founded to Selma to Montgomery promote youth MAY 3, 1963 completed involvement Birmingham police attack MAY 14, 1961 marching children with May Freedom dogs and fire hoses May MAY 17 riders attacked MAY 21, 1961 in Alabama Federal marshals while testing sent to protect 1954 compliance civil rights activists JUNE 11, 1963 with bus JUNE 12, 1963 Supreme Court outlaws threatened by a mob Alabama desegregation FEDERAL ACTION JUNE 20 1964 June school segregation in in Montgomery, Ala. governor stands MEDGAR EVERS June laws Freedom Summer JUNE 21, 1964 Brown v. Board of in schoolhouse Civil rights brings 1,000 young JAMES CHANEY, FEDERAL ACTION Education door to stop leader civil rights volunteers ANDREW GOODMAN & university assassinated, to Miss. MICHAEL SCHWERNER integration Jackson, Miss. Civil rights JULY 11, 1954 JULY 2, 1964 workers abducted JULY 9, 1965 President Johnson July White Citizens and slain by Congress passes July signs Civil Rights Council formed to Klansmen, Voting Rights Act resist desegregation Act of 1964 of 1965 Philadelphia, Miss. FEDERAL ACTION FEDERAL ACTION Aug Aug AUGUST 28, 1955 AUGUST 29, 1957 AUG 281963 EMMETT LOUIS TILL Congress passes first civil 25,000 Americans march Murdered for rights act since Reconstruction on Washington for civil rights speaking to a FEDERAL ACTION Sept white woman, SEPTEMBER 15, 1963 Sept Money, Miss. ADDIE MAE COLLINS, SEPTEMBER 24, 1957 SEPTEMBER 30, 1962 DENISE MCNAIR, President Eisenhower orders Riots erupt when James CAROLE ROBERTSON federal troops to enforce Meredith, a black student, & CYNTHIA WESLEY school desegregation, enrolls at Ole Miss THE MARCH CONTINUES Little Rock, Ark. Schoolgirls killed in bombing Oct FEDERAL ACTION Oct of Sixteenth Street Baptist The civil rights movement ON Church, Birmingham, Ala. CTI won great changes in T A IS IV American life and helped CT A African Americans gain NOVEMBER 13, 1956 access to education, professions and public Nov Supreme Court bans Nov segregated seating on office. But two decades of N IO progress could not erase T Montgomery buses C A centuries of oppression. T DECEMBER 1, 1955 S I Statistics show that more V I Rosa Parks DECEMBER 5, 1960 T than half a century after C arrested for A Supreme Court outlaws the Montgomery Bus Dec refusing to Dec segregation in bus DEC 5 Boycott, black Americans give up her FEDERAL ACTION terminals seat on a bus continue to experience to a white man, inequality in health care, Montgomery, Ala. 1955 education, housing and Montgomery bus boycott begins employment. The evidence is overwhelming that blacks and whites do not have equal chances in America. As long as inequalities and prejudice remain, the work of the civil rights movement— 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 our work—will not be finished. As long as we have injustice— and people willing to make it their cause—the March will continue. — Adapted from Free at Last, published by Teaching Tolerance. Eisenhower 1953-1961 Kennedy 1961-1963 Johnson 1963-1968 TOLERANCE.ORG A CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE.
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