Extinction, Extirpation, and Range Reduction of Breeding Birds in North Carolina: What Can Be Learned? David S
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Trail Finished in Hickory Nut Gorge!
FOURTH QUARTER 2014 Quarterly News Bulletin and Hike Schedule P.O. Box 68, Asheville, NC 28802 • www.carolinamountainclub.org • e-mail: [email protected] COUNCIL Trail finished in Hickory Nut Gorge! CORNER CMC trail crews and other vol- Why join unteers have worked for two years CMC? Let constructing and improving the access me count the trail from the trailhead up into the ways. There Florence Nature Preserve – a half are too many mile section. to count. A ceremony was held to formally But maybe celebrate the trailhead and this trail the best is (which has a new kiosk sign that has the way that maps and trail info, as well as the it will enrich CMC logo) and recognized all those your life. When you join and that played a role in making it pos- are active, you will find yourself sible, including CMC. doing all kinds of things with The ceremony included a ribbon- all kinds of interesting people cutting for first phase of the Little Bearwallow which was built by the CMC Thursday, that share many of your inter- Trail across the street – a one-mile section Friday, and DRAFT crews the past two ests and joie de vivre. Over the constructed this spring and summer by a Youth winters, construction of the trail is now years, you develop friendships Conservation Corps crew. The trailhead will complete and a handsome new stile (built with these people and find your also serve that trail, which ascends up to Little by Howard McDonald & Tom Weaver) is world is a much bigger, brighter Bearwallow Falls. -
Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Fact Sheet
Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Fact Sheet Common Name: Ivory-Billed Woodpecker Scientific Name: Campephilus principalis Wild Status: Critically Endangered - heavily believed to be extinct Habitat: Pine Forests, thick hardwood swamp areas Country: Southeastern United States, and a subspecies native to Cuba Shelter: Trees Life Span: Unknown - some speculate up to 20 years or more Size: Weighs about 1 pound on average, total length roughly 20 inches, with a typical 30 inch wingspan Details The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is a very rare bird, native to the Southeast of the United States. They are one of the largest woodpeckers in the world, and noticeable by their distinct black and white pattern and red plumage near their head. Primarily due to habitat loss, as well as hunting to a lesser extent, the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is classified as critically endangered. However, many associations and biologists believe the species to be functionally extinct, as true sightings and evidence of living specimens has not been published in over 10 years. The Ivory-Billed Woodpecker is believed to mate for life like many birds, and both parents would work together to create a nest for the young. Much of the woodpecker's diet consists of larvae and insects, as well as seeds and fruit. Cool Facts • They are sexually dimorphic - only the males have the red plumage on their head. • Four distinct vocal calls were noted in literature, and two of these calls were recorded in the 1930s. • While many unconfirmed reports still come in, this species was assessed as extinct in 1994. However, this was later altered to critically endangered on the belief that the species might have relocated from their native habitat. -
Periodic and Transient Motions of Large Woodpeckers Michael D
www.nature.com/scientificreports Correction: Publisher Correction OPEN Periodic and transient motions of large woodpeckers Michael D. Collins Two types of periodic and transient motions of large woodpeckers are considered. A drumming Received: 3 July 2017 woodpecker may be modeled as a harmonic oscillator with a periodic forcing function. The transient Accepted: 12 September 2017 behavior that occurs after the forcing is turned of suggests that the double knocks of Campephilus Published: xx xx xxxx woodpeckers may be modeled in terms of a harmonic oscillator with an impulsive forcing, and this hypothesis is consistent with audio and video recordings. Wingbeats are another type of periodic and transient motion of large woodpeckers. A model for the fap rate in cruising fight is applied to the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) and the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis). During a brief transient just after taking of, the wing motion and fap rate of a large woodpecker may not be the same as in cruising fight. These concepts are relevant to videos that contain evidence for the persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Drumming and wingbeats are two types of periodic motion of large woodpeckers. Tis paper discusses these behaviors and related transient motions that occur in evidence for the persistence of the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis)1–3. Most woodpeckers signal by drumming, which consists of a rapid series of blows with the bill. Audio S1 contains four drumming events by nearby and distant Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus). Some members of the Campephilus genus do not engage in this type of drumming but instead signal with double knocks. -
Anatomical Evidence for Phylogenetic Relationships Among Woodpeckers
ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS WILLIAM R. GOODGE ALT•tOUCr•the functionalanatomy of woodpeckershas long been a subjectof interest,their internal anatomyhas not been usedextensively for determiningprobable phylogeneticrelationships within the family. In part this is probablydue to the reluctanceto use highly adaptivefea- tures in phylogeneticstudies becauseof the likelihood of convergent evolution. Bock (1967) and othershave pointedout that adaptivehess in itself doesnot rule out taxonomicusefulness, and that the highly adaptivefeatures will probablybe the oneshaving conspicuous anatomical modifications,and Bock emphasizesthe need for detailedstudies of func- tion beforeusing featuresin studiesof phylogeny.Although valuable, functionalconclusions are often basedon inferencesnot backed up by experimentaldata. As any similaritybetween species is possiblydue to functionalconvergence, I believewhat is neededmost is detailedstudy of a numberof featuresin order to distinguishbetween similarities re- sultingfrom convergenceand thosebased on phylogenticrelationship. Simplestructures are not necessarilymore primitive and morphological trendsare reversible,as Mayr (1955) has pointedout. Individual varia- tion may occur and various investigatorsmay interpret structuresdif- ferently. Despite these limitations,speculation concerning phylogeny will continuein the future,and I believethat it shouldbe basedon more, rather than fewer anatomical studies. MATERIALS AND METItODS Alcoholic specimensrepresenting 33 genera -
Blue Ridge Parkway Facilities for Swimming Are Available in Nearby U.S
blue ridge parkway Facilities for swimming are available in nearby U.S. Forest Service recreation areas, State parks, and blue ridge north Carolina mountain resorts. The lakes and ponds along the parkway are for fishing and scenic beauty; they are parkway Virginia not suitable for swimming. Boats without motor or sail are permitted on Price Lake, but boats are not permitted on any other Blue Ridge Parkway, a unit of the National Park parkway waters. System, extends 469 miles through the southern Ap palachians, past vistas of quiet natural beauty and Help protect the parkway. This is your parkway. rural landscapes lightly shaped by the activities of Help us in protecting it. Leave shrubs and wild- man. Designed especially for motor recreation, the flowers for others to enjoy. Drive carefully. Speed parkway provides quiet, leisurely travel, free from SUMMIT OF SHARP TOP, PEAKS OF OTTER LOOKING GLASS ROCK, MILE 417 THE FENCES, GROUNDHOG MOUNTAIN, MILE 188.8 HIGHLAND MEADOWS, DOUGHTON PARK MILE HIGH OVERLOOK , MILE 458.2 PURGATORY MOUNTAIN, MILE 92.2 limit is 45 miles per hour. Report any accident to commercial development and congestion of high-speed Fishing. Streams and lakes along the parkway are a park ranger. Vehicles being used commercially highways. No ordinary road, it follows mountain written on the face of this land where crops and talks, museum and roadside exhibits, and other Autumn brings color in late September when dog Visitor-use areas are marked by this Rocky Knob and Mount Pisgah campgrounds. Each emblem. In them may be located picnic primarily trout waters. -
Environmental Assessment
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service March 2014 Environmental Assessment Post-Harvest Vine Control Project Nantahala Ranger District, Nantahala National Forest Macon and Jackson Counties, North Carolina For Information Contact: Joan Brown 90 Sloan Road, Franklin, NC 28734 (828) 524-6441 ext 426 www.fs.usda.gov/nfsnc The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................................................... i Chapter 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................................................... -
Woodpeckers and Allies)
Coexistence, Ecomorphology, and Diversification in the Avian Family Picidae (Woodpeckers and Allies) A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Matthew Dufort IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY F. Keith Barker and Kenneth Kozak October 2015 © Matthew Dufort 2015 Acknowledgements I thank the many people, named and unnamed, who helped to make this possible. Keith Barker and Ken Kozak provided guidance throughout this process, engaged in innumerable conversations during the development and execution of this project, and provided invaluable feedback on this dissertation. My committee members, Jeannine Cavender-Bares and George Weiblen, provided helpful input on my project and feedback on this dissertation. I thank the Barker, Kozak, Jansa, and Zink labs and the Systematics Discussion Group for stimulating discussions that helped to shape the ideas presented here, and for insight on data collection and analytical approaches. Hernán Vázquez-Miranda was a constant source of information on lab techniques and phylogenetic methods, shared unpublished PCR primers and DNA extracts, and shared my enthusiasm for woodpeckers. Laura Garbe assisted with DNA sequencing. A number of organizations provided financial or logistical support without which this dissertation would not have been possible. I received fellowships from the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the Graduate School Fellowship of the University of Minnesota. Research funding was provided by the Dayton Fund of the Bell Museum of Natural History, the Chapman Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the University of Minnesota Council of Graduate Students. -
2010 2Nd Quarter Lets Go
SECOND QUARTER 2010 Quarterly News Bulletin and Hike Schedule P.O. Box 68, Asheville, NC 28802 • www.carolinamtnclub.org • e-mail: [email protected] North Shore Road settlement accepted By Stuart English I had become editor of this newslet- I remember speaking before the crowd In February of 2006 several public meet- ter in January of 2006, and this was the with shaky knees and a mouth devoid ings were held to discuss whether to fin- first big news item that confronted me. of any saliva. It was the beginning of ish building a 34.3 mile road through the Attending two of the meetings: one at my real involvement with the Club. Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Swain High School and one in Asheville, continued on page 2 The road had been promised to replace an existing road that had been flooded with construction of Fontana Dam. CMC supported a monetary settlement for the people of Swain County. It has been a very controversial issue over the years. 2010 Spring Social Our annual Spring Social will once again take place at the beautiful NC Arboretum on April 24. This year’s program will be musical entertainment from our own CMC members, among them Karen Bartlett and her group performing bluegrass and Angela Martin singing and performing her own songs. There is an insert in this newsletter. Fill out the bottom portion, tear it off, and send it in with your check for $14. Ruth Hartzler and Les Love talk near the tunnel on the Road to Nowhere. COUNCIL CORNER Council will be According to the map we picked up at My hot-shot brother was not worried doing some thinking the campground office, there was a trail at all. -
Comment on ''Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus Principalis)
TECHNICAL COMMENT this conclusion rests on mistaken interpretations of the bird_s posture, that several features vis- ible in the video contradict identification as a Comment on ‘‘Ivory-billed Woodpecker typical ivory-billed woodpecker, and that other features support identification as a pileated wood- pecker. The assessment that follows is keyed to (Campephilus principalis) Persists in the labeled frames in Fitzpatrick et al._s sup- porting materials Efig. S3 in (1)^. Continental North America’’ Size and wing pattern at rest. Fitzpatrick et al. assume that the bird was positioned ver- David A. Sibley,1* Louis R. Bevier,2 Michael A. Patten,3 Chris S. Elphick4 tically on the trunk with its wings more or less folded in frames 33.3 and 50 (Fig. 1A). Our ex- We reanalyzed video presented as confirmation that an ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus amination of specimens and photographs in- principalis) persists in Arkansas (Fitzpatrick et al., Reports, 3 June 2005, p. 1460). None of the dicates that a typical ivory-billed woodpecker features described as diagnostic of the ivory-billed woodpecker eliminate a normal pileated in that position would exhibit considerably less woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus). Although we support efforts to find and protect ivory-billed white and more black than is shown in these woodpeckers, the video evidence does not demonstrate that the species persists in the frames (Fig. 1). In our analysis [supporting on- United States. line material (SOM) text], these frames show a bird that has already opened its wings in flight, he ivory-billed woodpecker has re- the pattern of reported observations over the exposing the underside of a fully spread right ceived considerable attention following past few decades (5–8). -
Detailed Species Account from the Threatened Birds of the Americas
IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER Campephilus principalis E/Ex4 The North American population of this large, low-density woodpecker is very probably extinct, and the most recent evidence suggests that there is almost as little hope for the Cuban form, which was last reported in 1987 or 1988 with glimpses in 1991, despite much intensive searching in the Sierra de Moa, the area to which it finally retreated in the course of this century; destruction of its virgin forest habitat, of which each pair evidently needed very large amounts, is chiefly to blame for the loss of the species. DISTRIBUTION The Ivory-billed Woodpecker formerly occurred throughout the south-east U.S.A. (nominate principalis) and Cuba (race bairdii; see Remarks 1), but is now virtually or actually extinct in both countries, although evidence for its survival in Cuba is far more recent; for this reason, the following account principally treats the Cuban form, the North American race being judged probably extinct and not to be covered in detail here. U.S.A. Ivory-bills once ranged through the south-east of the country from south-east North Carolina, southern Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma to the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida peninsula, with populations disappearing (as a result of forest destruction, but compounded by commercial collecting, which eliminated certain populations) from the northern and western extremities of its range before 1885, from most of Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama between 1885 and 1900, and from most of Florida, eastern Texas and Louisiana by 1930 (King 1978-1979). -
Recovery Plan for the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker (Campephilus Principalis)
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Plan for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) I Recovery Plan for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) April, 2010 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Approved: Regional Director, Southeast Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Date: II Disclaimer Notice of Copyrighted Material Cover Illustration Credit: Recovery Plans delineate Permission to use copyrighted A male Ivory-billed Woodpecker reasonable actions that are illustrations and images in the at a nest hole. (Photo by Arthur believed to be required to final version of this recovery plan Allen, 1935/Copyright Cornell recover and/or protect listed has been granted by the copyright Lab of Ornithology.) species. Plans published by holders. These illustrations the U.S. Fish and Wildlife are not placed in the public Service (Service) are sometimes domain by their appearance prepared with the assistance herein. They cannot be copied or of recovery teams, contractors, otherwise reproduced, except in state agencies, and other affected their printed context within this and interested parties. Plans document, without the consent of are reviewed by the public and the copyright holder. submitted for additional peer review before the Service adopts Literature Citation Should Read them. Objectives will be attained as Follows: and any necessary funds made U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. available subject to budgetary 200x. Recovery Plan for the and other constraints affecting Ivory-billed Woodpecker the parties involved, as well as the (Campephilus principalis). need to address other priorities. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Recovery plans do not obligate Atlanta, Georgia. -
Feb 1993 Newsletter
The Tennessee Eastman Hiking & Canoeing News February 1993 Contents Hiking Canoeing For The Record HIKING POND MOUNTAIN WORK TRIP (Scheduled for Saturday, 6 Feb 93) Leader: Ed Oliver (615.349.6668) Rating: Difficult If the weather is reasonable, we will work on the Pond Mountain relocation. If the club installs the relatively level portions of the relocation this winter and spring, we should be able to open the relocation after the Konnarock Crew and the club completes the remainder of the relocation this summer. The weather in February is somewhat unpredictable. If you are interested in helping with this work, contact Ed Oliver at 349.6668. This work will not involve much if any side hill digging. We will concentrate on cutting and digging out brush and in defining the trail. SHINING ROCK WILDERNESS AREA DAY HIKE (Scheduled for Saturday, 6 Feb 93) Leader: Tom Pridgen (Phone: 615.245.5975) Rating: Difficult We will plan to do a day hike in the Shining Rock Wilderness located in the Pisgah National Forest southwest of Asheville, N.C. Driving time from Kingsport to the trailhead will likely be 2.5 hours, one way. The trip leader has not hiked in this area but knows enough about the area to anticipate at least part of the hiking to be exposed to wind above 5000 feet. Expect it to be COLD. We will try to reach the Shining Rock peak via the Art Loeb Trail from the Blue Ridge Parkway. Hiking distance may be as high as 10 miles (round trip) depending on winter access to parking and may involve considerable (3000 feet) elevation gain if the Parkway is closed because of slick roads.