2021 Cottrell Scholar Conference Program
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Engines of Creation : the Coming Era of Nanotechnology K
Engines of Creation : The Coming Era of Nanotechnology K. Eric. Drexler, Anchor Books, Doubleday, 1986 (downloaded from : http://www.foresight.org/EOC/EOC_Chapter_1.html) Chapter 1 : ENGINES OF CONSTRUCTION COAL AND DIAMONDS, sand and computer chips, cancer and healthy tissue: throughout history, variations in the arrangement of atoms have distinguished the cheap from the cherished, the diseased from the healthy. Arranged one way, atoms make up soil, air, and water; arranged another, they make up ripe strawberries. Arranged one way, they make up homes and fresh air; arranged another, they make up ash and smoke. Our ability to arrange atoms lies at the foundation of technology. We have come far in our atom arranging, from chipping flint for arrowheads to machining aluminum for spaceships. We take pride in our technology, with our lifesaving drugs and desktop computers. Yet our spacecraft are still crude, our computers are still stupid, and the molecules in our tissues still slide into disorder, first destroying health, then life itself. For all our advances in arranging atoms, we still use primitive methods. With our present technology, we are still forced to handle atoms in unruly herds. But the laws of nature leave plenty of room for progress, and the pressures of world competition are even now pushing us forward. For better or for worse, the greatest technological breakthrough in history is still to come. Two Styles Of Technology Our modern technology builds on an ancient tradition. Thirty thousand years ago, chipping flint was the high technology of the day. Our ancestors grasped stones containing trillions of trillions of atoms and removed chips containing billions of trillions of atoms to make their axheads; they made fine work with skills difficult to imitate today. -
Amfep Fact Sheet on Protein Engineered Enzymes
Amfep/09/1 7 Brussels , 07 .0 5.2009 Amfep Fact Sheet on Protein Engineered Enzymes Protein engineering is a technique to change the amino acid sequence of proteins in order to improve their specific properties. This paper addresses the background of this technique, why it is used in the case of industrial enzymes, as well as regulatory and safety aspects. Natural evolution, biodiversity and traditional methods of improving industrial enzyme proteins All proteins, including enzymes, are based on the same 20 different amino acid building blocks arranged in different sequences. Enzyme proteins typically comprise sequences of several hundred amino acids folded in a unique three-dimensional structure. Only the sequence of these 20 building blocks determines the three-dimensional structure, which in turn determines all properties such as catalytic activity, specificity and stability. Nature has been performing ‘protein engineering’ for billions of years since the very start of evolution. Natural spontaneous mutations in the DNA coding for a given protein result in changes of the protein structure and hence its properties. This natural variation is part of the adaptive evolutionary process continuously taking place in all living organisms, allowing them to survive in continously changing environments. Natural variants of enzyme proteins are adapted to perform efficiently in different environments and conditions. This explains why in nature enzymes belonging to the same enzyme family but isolated from different organisms and environments often show a variation in amino acid sequence of more than 50%. The properties of enzymes used for industrial purposes sometimes also require some adaptations in order to function more effectively in applications for which they were not designed by nature. -
Technical Expertise
Technical Expertise Kilpatrick Townsend’s large patent practice is characterized by a large depth and breadth of technical experience. The below list sets forth representative technical and industry expertise of selected partners & counsel who are available to work on patent due diligence matters and does not include the still wider wide range of expertise among our associates and patent agents. Many of the professionals highlighted below have expertise across multiple technical disciplines, but we have indicated areas that illustrate the diversity of our overall technical expertise. If you don’t see a technology/industry listed that you are interested in, we likely have expertise – please ask us. Electronics & Software Aeronautics Mark Mathison, M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering (also has expertise in electromechanical devices, software, Internet, network, e-commerce). AI (Artificial Intelligence) Kate Gaudry, Ph.D. in Computational Neurobiology (also expertise in software, computers, and quantitative-biology). Rob Curylo, B.S. Electrical Engineering (also has expertise in machine learning for online marketing and credit risk assessment, & as workflow and machine-learning solutions for image and video editing). Autonomous Vehicles Ko-Fang Chang, former engineer at ViaSat (also has expertise in mobile devices and applications, wireless communications, networking and computer architecture). Bioinformatics Dave Raczkowski, Ph.D. in Physics (also has expertise in medical diagnostics, image processing, machine learning, databases and cloud computing; programmable logic, computer hardware, networking, energy management, nanotechnology, power supplies, and financial transactions and other Internet commerce). Blockchain (Cryptocurrency) Tom Franklin, former engineer at Lockeed & Hughes Electronics (also has expertise in Internet technology, content delivery, business methods, clean technology, circuit design, imaging arrays, cryptographic design, telecommunications, electronic design tools, wireless communications, networking and telemetry systems). -
Differential RNA-Seq of Vibrio Cholerae Identifies the Vqmr Small RNA As a Regulator of Biofilm Formation
Differential RNA-seq of Vibrio cholerae identifies the VqmR small RNA as a regulator of biofilm formation Kai Papenforta, Konrad U. Förstnerb, Jian-Ping Conga, Cynthia M. Sharmab, and Bonnie L. Basslera,c,1 aDepartment of Molecular Biology and cHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; and bResearch Center for Infectious Diseases (ZINF), University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany Contributed by Bonnie L. Bassler, January 6, 2015 (sent for review October 30, 2014; reviewed by Brian K. Hammer) Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of cell-to-cell communication ther diversified the possible uses of RNA-seq. One such that enables bacteria to transition between individual and collec- technology is called differential RNA sequencing (dRNA-seq), tive lifestyles. QS controls virulence and biofilm formation in Vib- in which enrichment of primary transcript termini can be com- rio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera disease. Differential bined with strand-specific generation of cDNA libraries to ach- V. cholerae RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of wild-type and a locked ieve genome-wide identification of transcriptional start sites low-cell-density QS-mutant strain identified 7,240 transcriptional (TSSs) (10). ∼ start sites with 47% initiated in the antisense direction. A total of In this study, we applied dRNA-seq to the study of QS in 107 of the transcripts do not appear to encode proteins, suggest- V. cholerae. We performed dRNA-seq on wild-type V. cholerae ing they specify regulatory RNAs. We focused on one such tran- under conditions of low and high cell density. We performed script that we name VqmR. -
Protein Nanotechnology
PROTEIN NANOTECHNOLOGY Jayachandra S. Yaradoddi1,2,6*, Merja Kontro2, Sharanabasava V. Ganachari1, Sulochana M. B.3 Dayanand Agsar4, Rakesh Tapaskar5 and Ashok S. Shettar1 1,2Centre for Material Science, Advanced research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi and Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland, 3Department of PG Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106, INDIA 4Department of PG Studies and Research in Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi-585106, INDIA 5School of Mechanical Engineering KLE Technological University, Hubballi-580031, INDIA 6Extremz Biosciences private limited, CTIE start up street, KLE Technology University campus, Hubballi-580031 Abstract: Medical management is to be preserved well, especially diagnosis is fast, easy and cheap. Sometimes RNA and DNA nanobio-based diagnostic may not give the precise data in respect to specific disorders. Therefore, some quantifiable protein information and molecular folding are very much required for the analysis of such disorders. Proteins in minute concentration is typically not detectable under the normal circumstances. Nowadays which can be measured and quantified using protein nanotechnology methods. On the other side protein machineries brings out the tasks unsafe to cell behavior, comprises DNA duplication, intracellular carriage, ion pump, cellular motility. They have changed unbelievable multiplicity, precision, efficacy and a substantial quantity of study in contemporary biology intended to expose the vital mechanisms or processes primarily their function. This chapter also emphasizes the recent development in protein nanotechnology with special focus on molecular cytoskeletal motors, dyneins, myosin’s and kinesins. They constitute subcategory of the protein machineries, they have distinguished properties and can be able to convert biochemical energy directly to automatic work. -
FACULTY ENGAGED in SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH Data from Research.Berkeley.Edu, Faculty Expertise, Pulled 1/18-23/2013
FACULTY ENGAGED IN SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH Data from research.berkeley.edu, Faculty Expertise, pulled 1/18-23/2013. Please note that only UC Berkeley faculty members with permanent academic appointments are listed in this database. Total number of faculty members listed in database = 1928; Number engaged in sustainability research = 217 Name Expertise Department Norman civil and environmental engineering, earthquake ground motions, Department of Civil and Environmental Abrahamson spectral attenuation relations Engineering David Ackerly adaptation, california biodiversity, climate change Department of Integrative Biology environmental impact of severe accidents, mathematical safety Joonhong Ahn assessment of deep geologic repository, radioactive waste Department of Nuclear Engineering management, transport of radionuclides in geologic formations Fluid Flow Control, Nonlinear Dynamical Systems, Nonlinear Wave Mechanics, Ocean and Coastal Waves Phenomena, M. Reza Alam Department of Mechanical Engineering ocean renewable energy, Ocean Renewable Energy (Wave, Theoretical Fluid Dynamics, Tide and Offshore Wind Energy) A. Paul nanoscience, physical chemistry, semiconductor nanocrystals Department of Chemistry Alivisatos seismology earthquakes earthquake hazard mitigation earth structure Department of Earth and Planetary Richard Allen tomography natural hazards Science biodiversity, grasslands, grazing, oak woodlands, plant ecology, Barbara Allen- Environmental Science, Policy & rangeland ecology, rangeland management, water resources, Diaz Management -
Beyond DNA Origami: the Unfolding Prospects of Nucleic Acid Nanotechnology Nicole Michelotti,1 Alexander Johnson-Buck,2 Anthony J
Opinion Beyond DNA origami: the unfolding prospects of nucleic acid nanotechnology Nicole Michelotti,1 Alexander Johnson-Buck,2 Anthony J. Manzo,2 and Nils G. Walter2,∗ Nucleic acid nanotechnology exploits the programmable molecular recognition properties of natural and synthetic nucleic acids to assemble structures with nanometer-scale precision. In 2006, DNA origami transformed the field by providing a versatile platform for self-assembly of arbitrary shapes from one long DNA strand held in place by hundreds of short, site-specific (spatially addressable) DNA ‘staples’. This revolutionary approach has led to the creation of a multitude of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scaffolds that form the basis for functional nanodevices. Not limited to nucleic acids, these nanodevices can incorporate other structural and functional materials, such as proteins and nanoparticles, making them broadly useful for current and future applications in emerging fields such as nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, and alternative energy. 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:139–152. doi: 10.1002/wnan.170 INTRODUCTION Inspired by nature, researchers over the past four decades have explored nucleic acids as convenient ucleic acid nanotechnology has been utilized building blocks to assemble novel nanodevices.1,10 by nature for billions of years.1,2 DNA in N Because they are composed of only four different particular is chemically inert enough to reliably chemical building blocks and follow relatively store -
National Institute of Technology
B. Tech. in METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING FLEXIBLE CURRICULUM (For students admitted from 2015-16 onwards) DEPARTMENT OF METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 015 TAMIL NADU, INDIA Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology: Tiruchirappalli – 620 015 Vision, Mission of the Institute Vision of the Institute To provide valuable resources for industry and society through excellence in technical education and research Mission of the Institute To offer state-of-the-art undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes To generate new knowledge by engaging in cutting-edge research To undertake collaborative projects with academia and industries To develop human intellectual capability to its fullest potential Vision, Mission of MME department Vision of the Department MME To evolve into a globally recognized department in the frontier areas of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Mission of the Department MME • To produce Metallurgical and Materials Engineering graduates having professional excellence • To carry out quality research having social & industrial relevance • To provide technical support to budding entrepreneurs and existing industries 2 | P a g e Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology: Tiruchirappalli – 620 015 Summary of Flexible curriculum Courses Credits General Institute 17 68 Requirement (GIR) (Institute Formula) Programme core (PC) 20 64 (MME proposal) Essential Laboratory 12 12 Requirement (ELR) (MME proposal) Programme Elective + 12 36 Open Elective + Minor (Min. 4 PE, Min. 3 OE) (PE+OE+MI) (MME proposal) Total 60 180 3 | P a g e Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology: Tiruchirappalli – 620 015 CURRICULUM The total minimum credits for completing the B.Tech. -
School of Engineering
School of Engineering E Engineering Education in a University Setting 288 Degree Programs in Engineering 290 Special Programs 292 Honors 294 Academic Regulations 296 Courses of Study 301 Engineering Courses 325 Administration and Faculty 350 288 VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY Engineering Education in a University Setting ANDERBILT University School of Engineering is the students also participate in the university’s Summer Research largest and oldest private engineering school in the Program for Undergraduates. South. Classes offering engineering instruction began Vin 1879, and seven years later Engineering was made a separate Facilities department with its own dean. The school’s program empha- The School of Engineering is housed in 5 main buildings with sizes the relationship of the engineering profession to society several satellite facilities. William W. Featheringill Hall which and prepares engineers to be socially aware as well as techni- houses a three-story atrium designed for student interac- cally competent. tion and social events, more than fifty teaching and research The mission of the School of Engineering is threefold: to laboratories with the latest equipment and computer resources, prepare undergraduate and graduate students for roles that and project rooms. The new Engineering and Science build- contribute to society; to conduct research to advance the ing is an eight-story state of the art building that houses the state of knowledge and technology and to disseminate these Wond'ry at the Innovation Pavilion, numerous research labs, advances through archival publications, conference publica- interactive class rooms, clean rooms and space for students tions, and technology transfer; and to provide professional to work, study and socialize. -
Engineering Branches
List of engineering branches Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions cognizant of safety, human factors, physical laws, regulations, practicality, and cost. In the contemporary era, engineering is generally considered to consist of the major primary branches of chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.[1] There are numerous other engineering subdisciplines and interdisciplinary subjects that may or may not be part of these major engineering branches. Contents Chemical engineering Civil engineering Electrical engineering Mechanical engineering Interdisciplinary See also References Chemical engineering Chemical engineering is the application of chemical, physical and biological sciences to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. Subdiscipline Scope Major specialties Genetic engineering (of whole genes and their chromosomes) Biomolecular Immunology and Focuses on the manufacturing ofbiomolecules . engineering biomolecular/biochemical engineering Engineering of DNA and RNA (related to genetic engineering) Metallurgical engineering, works with metals Ceramic engineering works with raw oxide materials (e.g. alumina oxide) and advanced materials that are polymorphic, polycrystalline, oxide and Materials Involves properties of matter (material) and its applications to non-oxide ceramics engineering engineering. -
C. Elegans “Reads” Bacterial Non-Coding Rnas to Learn Pathogenic Avoidance
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.26.920322; this version posted January 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. C. elegans “reads” bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance Authors: Rachel Kaletsky#1, 2, Rebecca S. Moore#1, Geoffrey D. Vrla1, Lance L. Parsons2, Zemer Gitai1, and Coleen T. Murphy1, 2* Affiliations: 1Department of Molecular Biology & 2LSI Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 *Corresponding Author: [email protected] # Equal contribution 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.26.920322; this version posted January 27, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract: C. elegans is exposed to many different bacteria in its environment, and must distinguish pathogenic from nutritious bacterial food sources. Here, we show that a single exposure to purified small RNAs isolated from pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) is sufficient to induce pathogen avoidance, both in the treated animals and in four subsequent generations of progeny. The RNA interference and piRNA pathways, the germline, and the ASI neuron are required for bacterial small RNA-induced avoidance behavior and transgenerational inheritance. A single non-coding RNA, P11, is both necessary and sufficient to convey learned avoidance of PA14, and its C. elegans target, maco-1, is required for avoidance. A natural microbiome Pseudomonas isolate, GRb0427, can induce avoidance via its small RNAs, and the wild C. -
7 Engineering of Therapeutic Proteins
Engineering of 7 Therapeutic Proteins Fei Wen, Sheryl B. Rubin-Pitel, and Huimin Zhao CONTENTS Protein Therapeutics versus Small Molecule Drugs .............................................. 154 Sources of Protein Therapeutics ................................................................... 155 Targets of Protein Therapeutics and Modes of Action .................................. 155 Engineering Effective Protein Therapeutics .......................................................... 156 Challenges in Pharmaceutical Translation of New Therapeutic Proteins ..... 156 Strategies for Designing Effective Protein Therapeutics .............................. 156 Strategies for Improving Pharmacokinetics ...................................... 157 Strategies for Reducing Immunogenicity ......................................... 158 Genetic Engineering ......................................................................... 159 Examples of Protein Therapeutics ......................................................................... 160 Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics.............................................................. 161 Enzyme Therapeutics Acting on Extracellular Targets ................................. 161 Protein Therapeutics as Replacements for Defective or Deficient Proteins .....162 Protein Hormones ............................................................................. 162 Coagulation Factors .......................................................................... 163 Enzyme Replacement Therapy ........................................................