U.S. Naval War College U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons EMC Chair Symposia Events 4-2017 EMC Chair Symposium - Sea Control and Foreign Policy - Working Papers The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/emcchair-symposia Recommended Citation War College, The U.S. Naval, "EMC Chair Symposium - Sea Control and Foreign Policy - Working Papers" (2017). EMC Chair Symposia. 3. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/emcchair-symposia/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Events at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EMC Chair Symposia by an authorized administrator of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. April 4–7, 2017 Sea Control and Foreign Policy EMC Chair Symposium Working Papers TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________________ Welcome from the EMC Chair Derek S. Reveron, EMC Informationist Chair, U.S. Naval War College ............................................ 1 Panel 1: The Future of U.S. Foreign Policy Retaining Strategic Influence in Asia: China, Maritime Power, and U.S. National Security Strategy.. ..... 3 Patrick M. Cronin, Center for New American Security The Trajectory of Technology and the Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority .............................. 7 Eugene Gholz, LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin Energy Competition in Maritime East Asia: A Red Herring for U.S. Foreign Policy ................................. 9 Emily Meierding, Naval Postgraduate School U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East Amidst Regional Disorder and Entangled Alliances .................... 12 Lawrence Rubin, Georgia Institute of Technology Panel 2: Seapower and Great Power Dynamics China as a Global Maritime Power ......................................................................................................... 15 Bernard “Bud” Cole, Center for Naval Analyses Russia: A Land Power meets Seapower .................................................................................................. 18 Thomas Fedyszyn, U.S. Naval War College Regional Hegemony in a Multipolar World ............................................................................................ 20 Rachael Gosnell, U.S. Naval Academy Top-Down Peacemaking: States, Societies and Peacemaking Between Regional Rivals ........................ 23 Norrin M. Ripsman, Lehigh University Panel 3: Echoes of the First World War in the Twenty-First Century “Smashing Idols”: Looking Back at Sims from the 21st Century .............................................................. 25 Benjamin “BJ” Armstrong, U.S. Naval Academy A Century of Perspective on Naval Strategy ........................................................................................... 28 Nicholas Jellicoe Echoes of the “London Flagship” in Recent (1999-2017) Books and Essays ........................................... 31 Nat Sims, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Naval Historical Education as a Future Strategy .................................................................................... 39 David Kohnen, U.S. Naval War College, Maritime History Center Naval History and Naval Leaders ........................................................................................................... 44 James W.E. Smith, King’s College London, Department of War Studies, Laughton Unit Panel 4: Geo-Economics and Maritime Security Maritime Security: From Physical Control to ‘Geoeconomic Endowments’ ............................................ 46 Jennifer M. Harris, Council on Foreign Relations Strategic Maritime Chokepoints: Global Shipping and Maritime Industry Perspectives ........................ 49 Rockford Weitz, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy U.S. Shale is Back and the Crude Migration to the East Resumes .......................................................... 52 Sarah A. Emerson, President, Energy Security Analysis, Inc. EMC Chair Conference Paper Panel 5: Technology, Innovation, and Force Structure Context of Designing the Future Fleet .................................................................................................... 55 Philip Sobeck, OPNAV N501 Future Fleet Architectures: Budgetary, Technological and Defense Industrial Restraints on Future Naval Strategy ....................................................................................................................... 57 Peter Dombrowski, U.S. Naval War College Technology, Innovation, and R&D Alignments for Enhanced Research Transition ................................ 62 Isaac Maya, Office of University Programs Detailee to the U.S. Coast Guard Dalek Dyad: The Twoness of Technology ............................................................................................... 65 Scott M. Smith, PCU Michael Mansoor (DDG-1001) Panel 6: Sea Control Preparing to Go and Remain in Harm’s Way Again ............................................................................... 68 Rear Admiral Chris Parry, CBE (Royal Navy), University of Reading The U.S. Navy and the Future of Sea Control: An Institutional Perspective ............................................ 70 Peter D. Haynes, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Commons Control and Commons Denial: From JAM-GC to an Integrated Plan ..................................... 72 Sam J. Tangredi, U.S. Naval War College Appendix A Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority ..................................................................................... 77 Surface Force Strategy: Return to Sea Control ....................................................................................... 87 The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. WELCOME FROM THE EMC CHAIR __________________________________________ Derek S. Reveron EMC Informationist Chair, U.S. Naval War College This fifth maritime-centric EMC Chair symposium builds on the 2016 release of Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority, which noted the “U.S. Navy has been a cornerstone of American security and prosperity.” The symposium will consider future directions of U.S. foreign policy and reflect on demands the country places on the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard to advance and defend national interests. Participants from DOD, academia, and the policy community will convene in Newport to discuss the implications for sea power as the Design challenges the Navy to “Deepen operational relationships with other services, agencies, industry, allies and partners – who operate with the Navy to support our shared interests.” Participants will consider the impact of technology, contested seas, and maritime partnerships on sea control. In an effort to share expertise with the Fleet and national security community beyond this event, the succeeding pages contain the working papers participants prepared in advance of the symposium. The six panels are: • Panel 1: The Future of U.S. Foreign Policy The 2016 “Design for Maintaining Maritime Superiority" maintains that U.S. interests lie beyond its shores. With a new presidential administration, panelists will explore the question of what U.S. interests are and how to best serve them, particularly but not only in reference to U.S. maritime power. Panelists consider competition and cooperation in East Asia, U.S. interests and any possible role in containing the escalating conflict in the Middle East, and U.S. grand strategic choices, particularly regarding military posture and diplomatic and military partnerships. Finally, the panelists will reflect on future directions of foreign policy. • Panel 2: Seapower and Great Power Dynamics While there are important forms of cooperation among the US, Russia, China, and India, the four powers will independently shape the international security environment. With significant investments in maritime capabilities, the four navies are increasingly operating outside their geographic seas and the “Design” notes “the United States is facing a return to great power competition.” Panelists will explore three key questions. First, how will regional rivalries manifest in the maritime domain? Next, what are the prospects for high seas cooperation among Russia, China, and India? Finally, what are the implications for the United States? • Panel 3: Echoes of the First World War in the Twenty-First Century Within hours following the formal declaration of war against Germany in April, the President of the Naval War College, Rear Admiral William S. Sims, stood among the first American commanders to arrive at the European front. Out of necessity, Sims subsequently assumed the role of senior U.S. Navy officer in European waters. He simultaneously pioneered efforts to negotiate joint wartime collaboration with U.S. Army General John Pershing within the temporary wartime context of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). By July, Sims also served as the ranking U.S. Navy representative to the Anglo-French Allied Naval Committee. Drawing from British naval traditions, Sims referred to his headquarters as the “London Flagship” and set key foundations in shaping U.S. Navy concepts of strategy and command. EMC Chair Conference Paper Placing our discussion into the contemporary context, Sims essentially became the first Combined / Joint Maritime