Argyll and Bute Landscape Wind Energy Capacity Study FINAL
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Argyll and Bute Landscape Wind Energy Capacity Study FINAL APPENDIX REPORT March 2012 ArgyllandButeLandscapeWindEnergyCapacityStudy AppendixReport–DetailedSensitivityAssessments March2012 Carol Anderson and Alison Grant, Landscape Architects Contents 1. Introduction to the sensitivity assessments 2. Detailed sensitivity assessment for landscape character types 3. Detailed sensitivity assessment for National Scenic Areas 2 1 Introduction to the sensitivity assessment 1.1 Sensitivity assessments have been undertaken for each character type and any sub-types defined and for the National Scenic Areas (NSA) as explained in Section 4 of the Main Study Report. 1.2 The sensitivity assessment considers sensitivity of each character type or NSA to four different wind farm/turbine typologies. An introduction to each character type is set out in the sensitivity assessments that follow. This clarifies the approach to assessment in terms of whether the whole landscape character type or sub-divisions of that type have been assessed. It also describes where any changes have been made to the boundaries or classification of character types set out in the Argyll and Firth of Clyde Landscape Assessment. Operational and consented wind farm developments, whether located within the landscape type/unit or in the surrounding area (and clearly visible from the character type being assessed), are described. A similar approach is taken for the NSA assessments although the introduction principally focuses on the description of the designated landscape and its special qualities. 1.3 This Appendix Report contains the detailed sensitivity assessment tables for landscape character types and NSAs (a summary of these only being included in the Main Study Report). The sensitivity scores outlined in the summary of sensitivity are made on the basis of a five point scale; High, High-medium, Medium, Medium-low and Low. These assessments consider landscape sensitivity, visual sensitivity and the value placed on the landscape in terms of designations and other recognised interests, considering key landscape and visual characteristics. A different approach has been adopted for the NSAs where the assessment focuses on the identified special qualities of these designated landscapes. Further detail on methodology is contained in section 2 and annex C and D within the Main Study Report. 1.4 Cumulative issues and key constraints and opportunities are set out for each landscape character type and NSA. The sensitivity assessment concludes with guidance on the siting of wind farm or wind turbine development. Key maps show the location of each landscape character type and NSA and their immediate context. 3 Detailed sensitivity assessment of landscape character types 4 Character Type 1: Steep Ridgeland and Mountains Introduction The Steep Ridgeland and Mountains character type occurs in the Cowal area and at the head of Loch Fyne. The Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park borders this part of Argyll and Bute and the special qualities of the National Park have also been considered in the sensitivity assessment that follows. The detailed sensitivity assessment considers larger development typologies with smaller typologies considered within the summary and guidance section of the assessment only. Operational and consented wind farm development The existing Cruach Mhor wind farm is located east of Glendaruel within this character type. This development comprises 38 turbines, 71 metres high to blade tip. The Clachan Flats wind farm is also located within this character type, at the head of Loch Fyne, and comprises 9 turbines of 93 metres high to blade tip. A number of existing wind farms lie over 20km to the south-east of the nearest point of this character type. These include the developments of Kelburn (consented), Dalry and Ardrossan (operational) within North Ayrshire which are seen across the Firth of Clyde from the coastal areas and higher peaks of this character type but at distances generally greater than 20km. 5 Character type 1: Steep Ridgeland and Mountains – Sensitivity assessment for larger scale typologies Topic Summary description Assessment of large Sensitivity Assessment of medium Sensitivity Typologies (80-130m) rating typologies (50-80m) rating Context These steep-sided mountains form a Turbines sited on the ‘outer’ edges High Turbines sited on the ‘outer’ High dramatic backdrop north of the Firth of this character type on steep edges of this character type on of Clyde and to the narrow sea lochs slopes, prominent hill tops and on steep slopes, prominent hill tops of the Cowal Peninsula, including the the narrow peninsulas extending and on the narrow peninsulas Kyles of Bute, where they rise into the Firth of Clyde, and on the extending into the Firth of Clyde, abruptly from, and strongly contrast mountains grouped at the head of and on the mountains grouped at with, the smooth plane of sea/loch. Loch Fyne, would detract from the the head of Loch Fyne, would They are also seen in conjunction dramatic scenic composition of detract from the dramatic scenic with the higher and often craggier water and steep-sided mountains. composition of water and steep- mountains of the High Tops (2) within Sensitivity is reduced within the sided mountains. Sensitivity is interior of this landscape where the reduced within the interior of this Argyll and Bute at the head of Loch dramatic juxtaposition of water and landscape where the dramatic Fyne where they contribute to the mountains is less evident although juxtaposition of water and scenic quality of the Fjord-like turbines may be visible on skylines. mountains is less evident landscape of sheer-sided mountains although turbines may be visible plummeting to the loch. This on skylines. landscape merges more gradually with the Upland Forest Moor Mosaic (6a) on the eastern side of Loch Fyne. Scale and The Steep Ridgeland and Mountains Tall turbines could relate to this Medium This typology could also relate to Medium openness generally rise to around 700m but large scale landscape without this large scale landscape without with lower hills occurring on the dominating the height of individual dominating the height of individual western and southern fringes of the peaks. Expansiveness is reduced peaks. Expansiveness is reduced character type. The higher mountains within the narrow valleys which cut within the narrow valleys which have a massive scale although the into these hills and where the more cut into these hills and where the narrow glens and sea lochs which cut pronounced peaks provide more pronounced peaks provide into the hills and occasional small enclosure, thus limiting scope to enclosure, thus limiting scope to basins occurring between peaks are site large numbers of turbines. site large numbers of turbines. more contained. 6 Landform This landscape comprises mountains Turbines would significantly detract High Turbines would significantly High and long ridges (some of these very from the distinctive craggy, irregular detract from the distinctive narrow) with steep slopes, patterned landform characteristic of much of craggy, irregular landform with small craggy knolls and deep these uplands. There would be characteristic of much of these gullies and occasionally featuring physical constraints involved in uplands. There would be physical rocky summits. Sea lochs penetrate locating turbines on narrow ridges, constraints involved in locating deep into the hills and extend as long confined craggy summits and steep turbines on narrow ridges, glens with flat floodplains (the largest hill slopes and it would be difficult to confined craggy summits and of these being Glendaruel). attain a cohesive layout for more steep hill slopes and it would be Occasional small areas of slacker extensive developments due to the difficult to attain a cohesive layout complexity of landform and rarity of for more extensive developments landform and less precipitous slopes broader areas with a gentler due to the complexity of landform occur at the head of valleys cutting landform. Some very small areas of and rarity of broader areas with a into the lower and generally broader- slacker landform occur and these gentler landform. Some very small topped hills. would be less sensitive to pockets of gentler and less development. complex landform occur and these would be less sensitive to development. Landcover Vegetation cover is simple, largely The simple land cover of this Medium-low The simple land cover of this Medium-low comprising extensive coniferous character type would be less character type would be less forestry covering lower steep slopes sensitive to this typology although sensitive to this typology although and with rough grass between birch woodland and areas with a birch woodland and areas with a scattered boulders, rocky outcrops more complex pattern such as more complex pattern such as and traces of birch woodland. boulder fields should be avoided. boulder fields, should be avoided. Built These uplands are very sparsely Sensitivity is reduced due to the Medium Sensitivity is reduced due to the Medium environment settled with isolated farms and estate absence of settlement within the absence of settlement within the houses located on narrow coastal interior of this landscape. Large interior of this landscape. Large edges and within glens accessible by turbines visible on sensitive turbines visible on sensitive road. Two operational wind farms are skylines above small settlements skylines above small settlements