Testing the Role of Climate in Speciation: New Methods and Applications to Squamate Reptiles (Lizards and Snakes)
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The First Miocene Fossils of Lacerta Cf. Trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/612572; this version posted April 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The first Miocene fossils of Lacerta cf. trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with a comparative study of the main cranial osteological differences in green lizards and their relatives Andrej Čerňanský1,* and Elena V. Syromyatnikova2, 3 1Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia 2Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117997 Moscow, Russia 3Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia * Email: [email protected] Running Head: Green lizard from the Miocene of Russia Abstract We here describe the first fossil remains of a green lizardof the Lacerta group from the late Miocene (MN 13) of the Solnechnodolsk locality in southern European Russia. This region of Europe is crucial for our understanding of the paleobiogeography and evolution of these middle-sized lizards. Although this clade has a broad geographical distribution across the continent today, its presence in the fossil record has only rarely been reported. In contrast to that, the material described here is abundant, consists of a premaxilla, maxillae, frontals, bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/612572; this version posted April 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
The Sclerotic Ring: Evolutionary Trends in Squamates
The sclerotic ring: Evolutionary trends in squamates by Jade Atkins A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Applied Science July, 2014, Halifax Nova Scotia © Jade Atkins, 2014 Approved: Dr. Tamara Franz-Odendaal Supervisor Approved: Dr. Matthew Vickaryous External Examiner Approved: Dr. Tim Fedak Supervisory Committee Member Approved: Dr. Ron Russell Supervisory Committee Member Submitted: July 30, 2014 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, friends, and mentors who helped me get to where I am today. Thank you. ! ii Table of Contents Title page ........................................................................................................................ i Dedication ...................................................................................................................... ii List of figures ................................................................................................................. v List of tables ................................................................................................................ vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... x List of abbreviations and definitions ............................................................................ xi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... -
Redalyc.Comparative Studies of Supraocular Lepidosis in Squamata
Multequina ISSN: 0327-9375 [email protected] Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Argentina Cei, José M. Comparative studies of supraocular lepidosis in squamata (reptilia) and its relationships with an evolutionary taxonomy Multequina, núm. 16, 2007, pp. 1-52 Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas Mendoza, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42801601 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN 0327-9375 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SUPRAOCULAR LEPIDOSIS IN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS WITH AN EVOLUTIONARY TAXONOMY ESTUDIOS COMPARATIVOS DE LA LEPIDOSIS SUPRA-OCULAR EN SQUAMATA (REPTILIA) Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA TAXONOMÍA EVOLUCIONARIA JOSÉ M. CEI † las subfamilias Leiosaurinae y RESUMEN Enyaliinae. Siempre en Iguania Observaciones morfológicas Pleurodonta se evidencian ejemplos previas sobre un gran número de como los inconfundibles patrones de especies permiten establecer una escamas supraoculares de correspondencia entre la Opluridae, Leucocephalidae, peculiaridad de los patrones Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. A nivel sistemáticos de las escamas específico la interdependencia en supraoculares de Squamata y la Iguanidae de los géneros Iguana, posición evolutiva de cada taxón Cercosaura, Brachylophus, -
The Ecological Origins of Snakes As Revealed by Skull Evolution
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02788-3 OPEN The ecological origins of snakes as revealed by skull evolution Filipe O. Da Silva1, Anne-Claire Fabre2, Yoland Savriama1, Joni Ollonen1, Kristin Mahlow3, Anthony Herrel2, Johannes Müller3 & Nicolas Di-Poï 1 The ecological origin of snakes remains amongst the most controversial topics in evolution, with three competing hypotheses: fossorial; marine; or terrestrial. Here we use a geometric 1234567890():,; morphometric approach integrating ecological, phylogenetic, paleontological, and developmental data for building models of skull shape and size evolution and developmental rate changes in squamates. Our large-scale data reveal that whereas the most recent common ancestor of crown snakes had a small skull with a shape undeniably adapted for fossoriality, all snakes plus their sister group derive from a surface-terrestrial form with non-fossorial behavior, thus redirecting the debate toward an underexplored evolutionary scenario. Our comprehensive heterochrony analyses further indicate that snakes later evolved novel craniofacial specializations through global acceleration of skull development. These results highlight the importance of the interplay between natural selection and developmental processes in snake origin and diversification, leading first to invasion of a new habitat and then to subsequent ecological radiations. 1 Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. 2 Département Adaptations du vivant, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., -
The Oligocene and Miocene Fossil Lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) of Central Mongolia
geodiversitas 2019 ● 41 ● 24 e of lif pal A eo – - e h g e r a p R e t e o d l o u g a l i s C - t – n a M e J e l m a i r o DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David, Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Didier Merle ASSISTANT DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITOR : Emmanuel Côtez ([email protected]) MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Emmanuel Côtez COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : Christine Argot (MNHN, Paris) Beatrix Azanza (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid) Raymond L. Bernor (Howard University, Washington DC) Alain Blieck (chercheur CNRS retraité, Haubourdin) Henning Blom (Uppsala University) Jean Broutin (UPMC, Paris) Gaël Clément (MNHN, Paris) Ted Daeschler (Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphie) Bruno David (MNHN, Paris) Gregory D. Edgecombe (The Natural History Museum, Londres) Ursula Göhlich (Natural History Museum Vienna) Jin Meng (American Museum of Natural History, New York) Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud (CIRAD, Montpellier) Zhu Min (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pékin) Isabelle Rouget (UPMC, Paris) Sevket Sen (MNHN, Paris) Stanislav Štamberg (Museum of Eastern Bohemia, Hradec Králové) Paul Taylor (The Natural History Museum, Londres) COUVERTURE / COVER : Made from the Figures of the article. Geodiversitas est indexé dans / Geodiversitas is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Physical, Chemical, and Earth Sciences® – Scopus® Geodiversitas est distribué en version électronique par / Geodiversitas is distributed -
Zootaxa, Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental Lizard Tribe
ZOOTAXA 1430 Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with descriptions of eight new genera E. NICHOLAS ARNOLD, OSCAR ARRIBAS & SALVADOR CARRANZA Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini E. NICHOLAS ARNOLD, OSCAR ARRIBAS & SALVADOR CARRANZA (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with descriptions of eight new genera (Zootaxa 1430) 86 pp.; 30 cm. 22 Mar. 2007 ISBN 978-1-86977-097-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-098-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2007 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2007 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Zootaxa 1430: 1–86 (2007) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with descriptions of eight new genera E. NICHOLAS ARNOLD1, OSCAR ARRIBAS2 & SALVADOR CARRANZA3* 1.—Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London. Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD, London, UK ([email protected]) 2.—Avda. Francisco Cambó 23, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain ([email protected]). -
CAROLINIDAE, a NEW FAMILY of XENOSAURID-LIKE LIZARDS from the UPPER CRETACEOUS of MONGOLIA the Material Described Herein Has
Acta Pal ae on tol ogica Polonica Vol. 30 No . 3-4 pp. 151-176; pI s. 1-4 Warszawa, 1985 MAGDALENA BORSUK-BIALYNICKA CAROLINIDAE, A NEW FAMILY OF XENOSAURID-LIKE LIZARDS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF MONGOLIA BORSUK-BIALYNICKA, M. : Carolinid a e a new family of x enosaurid-like li za..ds from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia . Acta P alaeont. Polonica, 30, 3-4, 151- 176, 1985. (Issued 1986). T wo lizards, Ca r oUna ln ter m edla gen . e t sp. n , a n d Shlnlsaurold es latlpalatum gen. et sp. n, from the Late Cretaceous (? Middle Campanian) of t he Gobi Desert a r e ass igned to the n ew family Carolinidae. A hypothesis of a scincomor ph a n a ffili ation of this fa mily Is supported by two synapomorphles: the dentary overlap on the later al surface of the coronoid, a n d the finger -like desce nsu s p a rletalis, as w ell as by some other characters which best corr espond w ith t h is a ff il iation. Xenosaurid characters displayed by the describe<! lizards: the hour-gl ass shaped fronta ls a n d the d iffuse osteodermal skull covering, are co nsidered a s homoplasy . K e y w 0 r d s : Cl adis tics, Reptilia, Sau rla , Cretaceous, Mongolia. Magdal ena Borsuk-Blaly nl cka. Zaklad P aleoblologll , Polska A kademl a N au k. 02-089 Warsza wa , AI. ZUJtrk l I Wlgury 93. Poland. R e ceived: Apr!! 1985. -
1 Genomic Regression of Claw Keratin, Taste Receptor and Light-Associated Genes Inform 2 Biology and Evolutionary Origins of Snakes 3 Christopher A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/127654; this version posted April 15, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Genomic regression of claw keratin, taste receptor and light-associated genes inform 2 biology and evolutionary origins of snakes 3 Christopher A. Emerling 4 Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA 5 E-mail for correspondence: [email protected] 6 7 Keywords: Serpentes, opsins, color vision, taste receptors, keratins, regressive evolution 8 9 Abstract 10 Regressive evolution of anatomical traits corresponds with the regression of genomic loci 11 underlying such characters. As such, studying patterns of gene loss can be instrumental in 12 addressing questions of gene function, resolving conflicting results from anatomical 13 studies, and understanding the evolutionary history of clades. The origin of snakes 14 coincided with the regression of a number of anatomical traits, including limbs, taste buds 15 and the visual system. By studying the genomes of snakes, I was able to test three 16 hypotheses associated with the regression of these features. The first concerns two 17 keratins that are putatively specific to claws. Both genes that encode these keratins were 18 pseudogenized/deleted in snake genomes, providing additional evidence of claw- 19 specificity. The second hypothesis is whether snakes lack taste buds, an issue complicated 20 by unequivocal, conflicting results in the literature. I found evidence that different snakes 21 have lost one or more taste receptors, but all snakes examined retained at least some 22 capacity for taste. -
Deep History Impacts Present-Day Ecology and Biodiversity
Deep history impacts present-day ecology and biodiversity Laurie J. Vitt*† and Eric R. Pianka‡ *Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Zoology Department, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072; and ‡Section of Integrative Biology (C0930), School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712-0253 Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved April 4, 2005 (received for review February 9, 2005) Lizards and snakes putatively arose between the early Jurassic and correlate with phylogenetic similarity in Amazonian lizards (7) late Triassic; they diversified worldwide and now occupy many and (ii) consistency of diets within South American xenodontine different ecological niches, making them ideal for testing theories snakes independent of the assemblages in which they occur (11). on the origin of ecological traits. We propose and test the ‘‘deep Although most organismal biologists would expect trophic in- history hypothesis,’’ which claims that differences in ecological teractions to have a deep historical basis, our analysis ties one traits among species arose early in evolutionary history of major component of niche partitioning (diet) to cladogenic events in clades, and that present-day assemblages are structured largely the Mesozoic. because of ancient, preexisting differences. We combine phyloge- In an earlier analysis, we and our colleagues suggested an netic data with ecological data collected over nearly 40 years to association between ingestion of specific insects and a combi- reconstruct the evolution of dietary shifts in squamate reptiles. nation of feeding mechanisms and prey discrimination modes Data on diets of 184 lizard species in 12 families from 4 continents (7). -
(Squamata) and the Locomotion Type in Other Cretaceous Lizards
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.01.437947; this version posted April 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Bipedalism in Mexican Albian lizard (Squamata) and the locomotion type in other 2 Cretaceous lizards 3 4 Damián Villaseñor-Amador, Nut Xanat Suárez, J. Alberto Cruz* 5 6 Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Biological Sciences Faculty, Paleontology 7 Laboratory, Valsequillo Boulevard and San Claudio Avenue, BIO 1, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. 8 Jardines de San Manuel, C.P. 72570, Puebla, México. 9 e-mail address: [email protected], [email protected] 10 11 *Corresponding author e-mail address: [email protected] (J. A. Cruz). 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.01.437947; this version posted April 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 20 ABSTRACT 21 Representative locomotion types in lizards include terrestrial, arboreal, grass swimmer, sand 22 swimmer and bipedal. Few studies explain the locomotion habit of extinct lizards, and even less 23 asses those of bipedal ones. Here, we use quantitative methods to infer the type of locomotion of 24 two Albian Mexican lizards (Lower Cretaceous) and three Cretaceous lizards from Brazil, North 25 America and Spain, assessing the similarities of the hindlimb-forelimb length ratio amongst 26 extinct and extant species. -
A Characterisation of the Integumentary Skeleton of Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)
A characterisation of the integumentary skeleton of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) Alexander Charles Kirby DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL PHYSICS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (U.C.L.) A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the partial fulfilment of the Doctor of Philosophy degree 21/06/2020 London, United Kingdom 1 Signed Declaration of Originality “I, Alexander Charles Kirby confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.” 2 Abstract Osteoderms (ODs) are present within the dermis of 14 families of squamates although snakes and Sphenodontidae lack ODs. The expression of ODs within squamates has been described as highly variable and diverse since they were first reported. Some examples of squamate OD expression are as compound structures, fused together into overlapping, imbricating plates (as in Scincidae); as distorted, bent cylinders, partially overlapping one another (as in Varanidae), or as discrete, regularly tessellated, non-overlapping, polygonal beads (as in Helodermatidae), but this is not an exhaustive list. Currently, our understanding of OD structure-to-function relationships, general anatomy and internal composition remains limited. In this study, using histological staining, computed tomography, polarised light microscopy and electron microscopy, the microstructure of materials comprising ODs from multiple families of lizards is revealed. The results show that ODs are comprised of different proportions of numerous biomaterials including osteodermine, a highly mineralised, dense capping tissue on the apical surface of the osteoderm; lamellar bone rich in secondary osteons (haversian bone tissue), Sharpey-fibred bone, woven bone and parallel-fibred bone. -
Resolving the Relationships of the Squamate Tree of Life: an Assessment of New Approaches and Problems
RESOLVING THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SQUAMATE TREE OF LIFE: AN ASSESSMENT OF NEW APPROACHES AND PROBLEMS William Gearty Advisor: Jacques Gauthier, G&G Second Reader: Thomas Near, E&EB April 30, 2014 A Senior Thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor’s Degree. In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor’s Degree from the Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, I agree that the department may make copies or post it on the departmental website so that others may better understand the undergraduate research of the department. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes. It is understood, however, that any copying or publication of this thesis for commercial purposes or financial gain is not allowed without my written consent. William Gearty, 30 April, 2014 Abstract Since the division of The Deep Scaly Project into separate morphological and molecular teams, a truly integrated and wide scoped project has not been attempted. Much more can be done to understand how the members of Squamata are related to one another through an approach that combines the importance of both morphological and molecular evolution. Here we have developed a novel three-step methodological approach to squamate phylogenetics that incorporates the newest phylogeny-creating techniques and data from previous morphological and genetic analyses. First, we analyze a large squamate morphological dataset using Lewis's Mkv model under both a Bayesian and maximum likelihood framework. Second, we incorporate a previously constructed squamate DNA dataset and analyze the combined data within a "total evidence" framework.