(Squamata) and the Locomotion Type in Other Cretaceous Lizards
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Checklist of Helminths from Lizards and Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America Ticle R A
The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases ISSN 1678-9199 | 2010 | volume 16 | issue 4 | pages 543-572 Checklist of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Squamata) of South America TICLE R A Ávila RW (1), Silva RJ (1) EVIEW R (1) Department of Parasitology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. Abstract: A comprehensive and up to date summary of the literature on the helminth parasites of lizards and amphisbaenians from South America is herein presented. One-hundred eighteen lizard species from twelve countries were reported in the literature harboring a total of 155 helminth species, being none acanthocephalans, 15 cestodes, 20 trematodes and 111 nematodes. Of these, one record was from Chile and French Guiana, three from Colombia, three from Uruguay, eight from Bolivia, nine from Surinam, 13 from Paraguay, 12 from Venezuela, 27 from Ecuador, 17 from Argentina, 39 from Peru and 103 from Brazil. The present list provides host, geographical distribution (with the respective biome, when possible), site of infection and references from the parasites. A systematic parasite-host list is also provided. Key words: Cestoda, Nematoda, Trematoda, Squamata, neotropical. INTRODUCTION The present checklist summarizes the diversity of helminths from lizards and amphisbaenians Parasitological studies on helminths that of South America, providing a host-parasite list infect squamates (particularly lizards) in South with localities and biomes. America had recent increased in the past few years, with many new records of hosts and/or STUDIED REGIONS localities and description of several new species (1-3). -
Xenosaurus Tzacualtipantecus. the Zacualtipán Knob-Scaled Lizard Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico
Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus. The Zacualtipán knob-scaled lizard is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This medium-large lizard (female holotype measures 188 mm in total length) is known only from the vicinity of the type locality in eastern Hidalgo, at an elevation of 1,900 m in pine-oak forest, and a nearby locality at 2,000 m in northern Veracruz (Woolrich- Piña and Smith 2012). Xenosaurus tzacualtipantecus is thought to belong to the northern clade of the genus, which also contains X. newmanorum and X. platyceps (Bhullar 2011). As with its congeners, X. tzacualtipantecus is an inhabitant of crevices in limestone rocks. This species consumes beetles and lepidopteran larvae and gives birth to living young. The habitat of this lizard in the vicinity of the type locality is being deforested, and people in nearby towns have created an open garbage dump in this area. We determined its EVS as 17, in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its status by the IUCN and SEMAR- NAT presently are undetermined. This newly described endemic species is one of nine known species in the monogeneric family Xenosauridae, which is endemic to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico from Tamaulipas to Chiapas and into the montane portions of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala). All but one of these nine species is endemic to Mexico. Photo by Christian Berriozabal-Islas. amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 01 June 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e61 Copyright: © 2013 Wilson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Com- mons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for non-com- Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 1–47. -
Comparative Locomotor Performance of Marsupial and Placental Mammals
J. Zool., Lond. (1988) 215, 505-522 Comparative locomotor performance of marsupial and placental mammals T. GARLAND,JR Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WZ 53706, USA School of Biological Sciences, The Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Adelaide, 5042, South Australia (Accepted 13 October 1987) (With 6 figures in the text) Marsupials are often considered inferior to placental mammals in a number of physiological characters. Because locomotor performance is presumed to be an important component of fitness, we compared marsupials and placentals with regard to both maximal running speeds and maximal aerobic speeds (=speed at which the maximal rate of oxygen consumption, \jozmax, is attained). Maximal aerobic speed is related to an animal's maximal sustainable speed, and hence is a useful comparative index of stamina. Maximal running speeds of 1 I species of Australian marsupials, eight species of Australian murid rodents, two species of American didelphid marsupials, and two species of American rodents were measured in the laboratory and compared with data compiled from the literature. Our values are greater than, or equivalent to, those reported previously. Marsupials and placentals do not differ in maximal running speeds (nor do Australian rodents differ from non- Australian rodents). Within these groups, however, species and families may differ considerably. Some of the interspecific variation in maximal running speeds is related to differences in habitat: species inhabiting open habitats (e.g. deserts) tend to be faster than are species from habitats with more cover, or arboreal species. Maximal aerobic speeds (compiled from the literature) were higher in large species than in small species. -
The First Miocene Fossils of Lacerta Cf. Trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with A
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/612572; this version posted April 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. The first Miocene fossils of Lacerta cf. trilineata (Squamata, Lacertidae) with a comparative study of the main cranial osteological differences in green lizards and their relatives Andrej Čerňanský1,* and Elena V. Syromyatnikova2, 3 1Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia 2Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, 117997 Moscow, Russia 3Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia * Email: [email protected] Running Head: Green lizard from the Miocene of Russia Abstract We here describe the first fossil remains of a green lizardof the Lacerta group from the late Miocene (MN 13) of the Solnechnodolsk locality in southern European Russia. This region of Europe is crucial for our understanding of the paleobiogeography and evolution of these middle-sized lizards. Although this clade has a broad geographical distribution across the continent today, its presence in the fossil record has only rarely been reported. In contrast to that, the material described here is abundant, consists of a premaxilla, maxillae, frontals, bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/612572; this version posted April 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Aquiloeurycea Scandens (Walker, 1955). the Tamaulipan False Brook Salamander Is Endemic to Mexico
Aquiloeurycea scandens (Walker, 1955). The Tamaulipan False Brook Salamander is endemic to Mexico. Originally described from caves in the Reserva de la Biósfera El Cielo in southwestern Tamaulipas, this species later was reported from a locality in San Luis Potosí (Johnson et al., 1978) and another in Coahuila (Lemos-Espinal and Smith, 2007). Frost (2015) noted, however, that specimens from areas remote from the type locality might be unnamed species. This individual was found in an ecotone of cloud forest and pine-oak forest near Ejido La Gloria, in the municipality of Gómez Farías. Wilson et al. (2013b) determined its EVS as 17, placing it in the middle portion of the high vulnerability category. Its conservation status has been assessed as Vulnerable by IUCN, and as a species of special protection by SEMARNAT. ' © Elí García-Padilla 42 www.mesoamericanherpetology.com www.eaglemountainpublishing.com The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status SERGIO A. TERÁN-JUÁREZ1, ELÍ GARCÍA-PADILLA2, VICENTE Mata-SILva3, JERRY D. JOHNSON3, AND LARRY DavID WILSON4 1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria, Boulevard Emilio Portes Gil No. 1301 Pte. Apartado postal 175, 87010, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Email: [email protected] 2Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, Código Postal 68023, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968-0500, United States. E-mails: [email protected] and [email protected] 4Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, the northeasternmost state in Mexico, is comprised of 184 species, including 31 anurans, 13 salamanders, one crocodylian, 124 squamates, and 15 turtles. -
A Redescription and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cretaceous Fossil Lizard Polyglyphanodon Sternbergi Gilmore, 1940
A Redescription and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cretaceous Fossil Lizard Polyglyphanodon sternbergi Gilmore, 1940 by Meredith Austin Fontana B.S. in Biology, May 2011, The University of Texas at Austin A Thesis submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science August 31, 2014 Thesis directed by James M. Clark Ronald Weintraub Professor of Biology © Copyright 2014 by Meredith Austin Fontana All rights reserved ii This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother, Lee Landsman Zelikow – my single greatest inspiration, whose brilliant mind and unconditional love has profoundly shaped and continues to shape the person I am today. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply grateful to my graduate advisor Dr. James Clark for his support and guidance throughout the completion of this thesis. This work would not have been possible without his invaluable assistance and commitment to my success, and it has been a privilege to be his student. I would also like to express my appreciation to the additional members of my Master’s examination committee, Dr. Alexander Pyron and Dr. Hans-Dieter Sues, for generously contributing their knowledge and time toward this project and for providing useful comments on the manuscript of this thesis. I am especially grateful to Dr. Sues for allowing me access to the exquisite collection of Polyglyphanodon sternbergi specimens at the National Museum of Natural History. I am also extremely thankful to the many faculty members, colleagues and friends at the George Washington University who have shared their wisdom and given me persistent encouragement. -
Life History of the Coppertail Skink (Ctenotus Taeniolatus) in Southeastern Australia
Herpetological Conservation and Biology 15(2):409–415. Submitted: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 19 May 2020; Published: 31 August 2020. LIFE HISTORY OF THE COPPERTAIL SKINK (CTENOTUS TAENIOLATUS) IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA DAVID A. PIKE1,2,6, ELIZABETH A. ROZNIK3, JONATHAN K. WEBB4, AND RICHARD SHINE1,5 1School of Biological Sciences A08, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2Present address: Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee 38112, USA 3Department of Conservation and Research, Memphis Zoo, Memphis, Tennessee 38112, USA 4School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia 5Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia 6Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—The global decline of reptiles is a serious problem, but we still know little about the life histories of most species, making it difficult to predict which species are most vulnerable to environmental change and why they may be vulnerable. Life history can help dictate resilience in the face of decline, and therefore understanding attributes such as sexual size dimorphism, site fidelity, and survival rates are essential. Australia is well-known for its diversity of scincid lizards, but we have little detailed knowledge of the life histories of individual scincid species. To examine the life history of the Coppertail Skink (Ctenotus taeniolatus), which uses scattered surface rocks as shelter, we estimated survival rates, growth rates, and age at maturity during a three-year capture-mark- recapture study. We captured mostly females (> 84%), and of individuals captured more than once, we captured 54.3% at least twice beneath the same rock, and of those, 64% were always beneath the same rock (up to five captures). -
N REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE PHRYNOSOMA Phrynosoma Modestum Girard
630.1 n REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE PHRYNOSOMAMODESTUM Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Whiting, M.J. and J.R. Dixon. 1996. Phrynosoma modestum. Phrynosoma modestum Girard Roundtail Homed Lizard Phrynosoma modesturn Girard, in Baird and Girard, 1852:69 (see Banta, 1971). Type-locality, "from the valley of the Rio Grande west of San Antonio .....and from between San Antonio and El Paso del Norte." Syntypes, National Mu- seum of Natural History (USNM) 164 (7 specimens), sub- Figure. Adult Phrynosoma modestum from Doha Ana County, adult male, adult male, and 5 adult females, USNM 165660, New Mexico. Photograph by Suzanne L. Collins, courtesy of an adult male, and Museum of Natural History, University The Center for North American Amphibians and Reptiles. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIMNH) 40746, an adult male, collected by J.H. lark in May or June 1851 (Axtell, 1988) (not examined by authors). See Remarks. Phrynosomaplatyrhynus: Hemck,Terry, and Hemck, 1899: 136. Doliosaurus modestus: Girard, 1858:409. Phrynosoma modestrum: Morafka, Adest, Reyes, Aguirre L., A(nota). modesta: Cope, 1896:834. and Lieberman, 1992:2 14. Lapsus. Content. No subspecies have been described. and Degenhardt et al. (1996). Habitat photographs appeared in Sherbrooke (1981) and Switak (1979). Definition. Phrynosoma modestum is the smallest horned liz- ard, with a maximum SVL of 66 mm in males and 71 mm in Distribution. Phrynosoma modestum occurs in southern and females (Fitch, 1981). It is the sister taxon to l? platyrhinos, western Texas, southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona and and is part of the "northern radiation" (sensu Montanucci, 1987). north-central Mexico. -
The Sclerotic Ring: Evolutionary Trends in Squamates
The sclerotic ring: Evolutionary trends in squamates by Jade Atkins A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Applied Science July, 2014, Halifax Nova Scotia © Jade Atkins, 2014 Approved: Dr. Tamara Franz-Odendaal Supervisor Approved: Dr. Matthew Vickaryous External Examiner Approved: Dr. Tim Fedak Supervisory Committee Member Approved: Dr. Ron Russell Supervisory Committee Member Submitted: July 30, 2014 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, friends, and mentors who helped me get to where I am today. Thank you. ! ii Table of Contents Title page ........................................................................................................................ i Dedication ...................................................................................................................... ii List of figures ................................................................................................................. v List of tables ................................................................................................................ vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... x List of abbreviations and definitions ............................................................................ xi Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... -
REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE Sceloporus Poinsettii
856.1 REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: PHRYNOSOMATIDAE Sceloporus poinsettii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Webb, R.G. 2008. Sceloporus poinsettii. Sceloporus poinsettii Baird and Girard Crevice Spiny Lizard Sceloporus poinsettii Baird and Girard 1852:126. Type-locality, “Rio San Pedro of the Rio Grande del Norte, and the province of Sonora,” restricted to either the southern part of the Big Burro Moun- tains or the vicinity of Santa Rita, Grant County, New Mexico by Webb (1988). Lectotype, National Figure 1. Adult male Sceloporus poinsettii poinsettii (UTEP Museum of Natural History (USNM) 2952 (subse- 8714) from the Magdalena Mountains, Socorro County, quently recataloged as USNM 292580), adult New Mexico (photo by author). male, collected by John H. Clark in company with Col. James D. Graham during his tenure with the U.S.-Mexican Boundary Commission in late Au- gust 1851 (examined by author). See Remarks. Sceloporus poinsetii: Duméril 1858:547. Lapsus. Tropidolepis poinsetti: Dugès 1869:143. Invalid emendation (see Remarks). Sceloporus torquatus Var. C.: Bocourt 1874:173. Sceloporus poinsetti: Yarrow “1882"[1883]:58. Invalid emendation. S.[celoporus] t.[orquatus] poinsettii: Cope 1885:402. Seloporus poinsettiii: Herrick, Terry, and Herrick 1899:123. Lapsus. Sceloporus torquatus poinsetti: Brown 1903:546. Sceloporus poissetti: Král 1969:187. Lapsus. Figure 2. Adult female Sceloporus poinsettii axtelli (UTEP S.[celoporus] poinssetti: Méndez-De la Cruz and Gu- 11510) from Alamo Mountain (Cornudas Mountains), tiérrez-Mayén 1991:2. Lapsus. Otero County, New Mexico (photo by author). Scelophorus poinsettii: Cloud, Mallouf, Mercado-Al- linger, Hoyt, Kenmotsu, Sanchez, and Madrid 1994:119. Lapsus. Sceloporus poinsetti aureolus: Auth, Smith, Brown, and Lintz 2000:72. -
Rethinking the Evolution of the Human Foot: Insights from Experimental Research Nicholas B
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb174425. doi:10.1242/jeb.174425 REVIEW Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research Nicholas B. Holowka* and Daniel E. Lieberman* ABSTRACT presumably owing to their lack of arches and mobile midfoot joints Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long for enhanced prehensility in arboreal locomotion (see Glossary; fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences Fig. 1B) (DeSilva, 2010; Elftman and Manter, 1935a). Other studies between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great have documented how great apes use their long toes, opposable apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe halluces and mobile ankles for grasping arboreal supports (DeSilva, length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to 2009; Holowka et al., 2017a; Morton, 1924). These observations dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal underlie what has become a consensus model of human foot walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent evolution: that selection for bipedal walking came at the expense of biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental arboreal locomotor capabilities, resulting in a dichotomy between investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple human and great ape foot anatomy and function. According to this dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the way of thinking, anatomical features of the foot characteristic of biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in great apes are assumed to represent adaptations for arboreal the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some behavior, and those unique to humans are assumed to be related underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as to bipedal walking. -
New Lizards and Rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of Southern Italy
New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy SUSAN. E. EVANS, PASQUALE RAIA, and CARMELA BARBERA Evans, S.E., Raia, P., and Barbera, C. 2004. New lizards and rhynchocephalians from the Lower Cretaceous of southern Italy. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 393–408. The Lower Cretaceous (Albian age) locality of Pietraroia, near Benevento in southern Italy, has yielded a diverse assem− blage of fossil vertebrates, including at least one genus of rhynchocephalian (Derasmosaurus) and two named lizards (Costasaurus and Chometokadmon), as well as the exquisitely preserved small dinosaur, Scipionyx. Here we describe ma− terial pertaining to a new species of the fossil lizard genus Eichstaettisaurus (E. gouldi sp. nov.). Eichstaettisaurus was first recorded from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian age) Solnhofen Limestones of Germany, and more recently from the basal Cretaceous (Berriasian) of Montsec, Spain. The new Italian specimen provides a significant extension to the tempo− ral range of Eichstaettisaurus while supporting the hypothesis that the Pietraroia assemblage may represent a relictual is− land fauna. The postcranial morphology of the new eichstaettisaur suggests it was predominantly ground−living. Further skull material of E. gouldi sp. nov. was identified within the abdominal cavity of a second new lepidosaurian skeleton from the same locality. This second partial skeleton is almost certainly rhynchocephalian, based primarily on foot and pelvic structure, but it is not Derasmosaurus and cannot be accommodated within any known genus due to the unusual morphology of the tail vertebrae. Key words: Lepidosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, palaeobiogeography, predation, Cretaceous, Italy. Susan E. Evans [[email protected]], Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, England; Pasquale Raia [[email protected]] and Carmela Barbera [[email protected]], Dipartimento di Paleontologia, Università di Napoli, Largo S.