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From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry L\ Lifetime of Reactions PROFILES in INORGANIC CHEMISTRY From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry l\ Lifetime of Reactions PROFILES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Series Editor: John P. Fackler, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas Current Volumes in this Series: From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry: A Lifetime of Reactions Fred Basolo A Continuation Order Plan is available for tbis series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For furtber information please contact tbe publisher. From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry A Lifetime of Reactions Fred Basolo Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Basolo, Fred, 1920- From Coello to inorganic chemistry: a lifetime of reactionslFred Basolo. p. cm. - (Profiles in inorganic chemistry) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-5169-6 ISBN 978-1-4615-0635-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0635-5 1. Basolo, Fred, 1920- 2. Chemists-United States-Biography. 3. Chemistry, Inorganic-History-2Oth century. 1. Title. II. Series. QD22.B258 A3 2002 540'.92-dc21 [B] 2002022220 ISBN 978-1-4613-5169-6 ©2oo2 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic I Plenum Publishers, New York in 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. In Loving Memory of My Beloved Wife. Mary and My Parents, Giovani and Catherina Basolo SERIES PREFACE A renaissance in the field of inorganic chemistry began in the middle of the 20th century. In the years following the discoveries of A. Werner and S. M. J!Ilrgensen at the tum of the century, the field was relatively inactive. The publica­ tion of Linus Pauling's Nature of the Chemical Bond in 1938 and World War II shortly thereafter launched this renaissance. The war effort required an under­ standing of the chemistry of uranium and the synthetic actinide elements that were essential to the production of the atom bomb. There was also a need for catalysts to produce rayon, nylon, synthetic rubber, and other new materials for the war effort. As a result, many gifted chemists applied their talents to inorganic chemistry. Profiles in Inorganic Chemistry explores the roles some of the key contributors played in the renaissance and development of the field. Some of the early leaders in this reawakening are now deceased. Pioneers included John Bailar at the University of Illinois, W. Conard Fernelius, at Pennsyl­ vania State University, and Harold Booth at Western Reserve University, who with some others, started the important series entitled Inorganic Syntheses. Several inorganic chemistry journals were born, as were various monograph series includ­ ing the Modem Inorganic Chemistry series of Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub­ lishers. Geoffrey Wilkinson, who along with E. O. Fischer was the first inorganic chemist since Werner to win the Nobel prize, started his career at Harvard in about 1950 but later that decade moved to the University of London's Imperial College. By then, Ron Nyholm already was building a strong inorganic program at the University of London's University College. Physical and mathematical concepts including group theory gave inorganic ix Series Preface chemists new tools to understand bonding, structure, and dynamics of inorganic molecules. Fischer, Wilkinson, and their contemporaries opened up a new subfield, organometallic chemistry, out of which many metal-based catalysts were devel­ oped. It was soon realized that many inorganic minerals play essential roles as catalysts in living systems. As a result, another subfield, bioinorganic chemistry, was born. The discipline of inorganic chemistry today includes persons of many different walks of life, some creating new materials and catalysts, others studying living systems, many pondering environmental concerns with elements such as tin, mercury, or lead, but all focusing on questions outside the normal scope of organic chemistry. Organic chemistry has enjoyed a long history as a great science, both in Europe and the United States. During the past 15 years or so, many of the U.S. contributors have produced interesting autobiographies as part of an American Chemical Society series entitled Profiles in Organic Chemistry. There is also, however, a need to have students and scientists of inorganic chemistry understand the motivating forces that lead prominent living inorganic chemists to formulate their ideas. I am grateful that Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers has under­ taken to publish this series. These profiles in inorganic chemistry will portray the interesting and varied personalities of leaders who have contributed significantly to the renaissance of inorganic chemistry. John P. Fackler, Jr. College Station, Texas x PREFACE When approached by Professor John Fackler to write my autobiography, my immediate response was "Why should I write this, for nobody would be the least bit interested in it." John pointed out that several such volumes were written by organic chemists, and the same should be done to commemorate inorganic chemis­ try and chemists. After thinking about this for several days, I decided to go ahead and try to do it. Now that the text of the book is finished, I can honestly say that I enjoyed writing it. There are several reasons why I am pleased to have written this book. Some of the reasons are mentioned here, without regard to any order of preference. As I kept writing, I became more and more interested in the many things in my life that I had forgotten. This forced me to think of what happened during my early years. It almost made me feel that I was again living those years of my life. My childhood in the little coal mining village of Coello during the depression of the 1930s taught me a lesson that one needs to experience in order to make use of it. The coal miners and their families were destitute, but they managed to survive this period by assisting one another when the going got tough. They had little or no formal educatizon, but yet they were intelligent. The all maintained their spirit, and looked forward to one day becoming USA citizens. Growing up in this environment has been of enor­ mous help to me. Another reason for deciding to write my autobiography is to leave it for our children so that they can enjoy reading about the lives of their parents. Further­ more, at age 81 and handicapped, I needed something to do that interested me and xi Preface kept me busy. I continue to come to my office at NU in the AM, have lunch with my faculty colleagues, and then leave in the early PM. As indicated above, there are several reasons for writing this account of my life. I was fortunate in obtaining a Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry in 1943. This was a time when very little research was being done in the US in inorganic chemistry. It was belived that beginning general chemistry covered inorganic chemistry, and that no further course on it need be offered nor was there any reason for doing research in this area. Think of the enviable time I have had, watching inorganic chemistry grow and reach its present status and importance. I hope that some of the young chemists who read this book will better appreciate the birth of inorganic chemistry in the US, after a gestation period of half a century. Another thing that I would like to think youngsters may glean from this bok is that scientists, generally, but here chemists, are human beings as are other people. Except for our knowledge of some area of science, we are just people with the same likes and dislikes as any other layperson. That this autobiography has made it to print is entirely due to Janet H. Goranson, my former secretary for 25 years. She worked hard to improve my poorly written English, and she is a whiz on computers which she used extensively. I was so dependent on her that I felt she should be coauthor, and I thank her for making all of this possible. Then I thank my former Ph.D. (1964) student, John L. Burmeister, for having read the entire book, making some most valuable suggestions. I selected him knowing that he writes very well, since he had written a few accounts of me for special journal issues that were dedicated to me. I thank Dianne de Haseth for providing information I needed from our chemistry department archives, and for managing to get all of the inorganic faculty here at the same time for a group photo. I thank Jeffrey S. Goranson for scanning and preparing many of the photographs. I thank Jeannette Watt for making photocopies of items as required. I also thank staff members from the Northwestern University Archives, American Chemical Society, National Academy of Sciences, Gordon Research Conferences, Chemical Heritage Foundation, and North Atlantic Treaty Organiza­ tion who sent me important information. Finally, I thank the many people who answered my request and sent me photos of themselves or others so that they could be included in this book. Fred Basolo Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois April, 2001 xii CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvii LIST OF FIGURES xix CHAPTER 1 FROM COELLO TO INORGANIC COORDINATION CHEMISTRY 1 My Parents 1 The Early Years 3 Coello Elementary School 5 Christopher Community High School (CCHS) 7 Southern lllinois Normal (SIN) in Carbondale 8
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