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World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012, pp.-14-21. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=159

EXISTANCY AND SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF DISTRICT, ()

KALMATH S.V.1, PATIL M.S.1, KRITIKA S.K.1, MAHANTESH S.P.2 AND PATIL C.S.2

1Karnataka Arts, Science, Commerce College Bidar- 585401, Karnataka, India 2B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of UG and PG Bidar- 585403, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected]

Received: June 12, 2012; Accepted: July 20, 2012

Abstract- The have several medicinal plants, it helped to develop the traditional knowledge and folk medicine to cure various diseases. This knowledge is used by pharmaceutical agents, suppliers and Phytochemistry researchers to exploit the rich source in the form of raw drugs. An ethno botanical survey of Bidar District was made to collect the information from traditional practitioners with the use of medicinal plants of Bidar district of Karnataka (INDIA). As our survey About 41 plants largely used by the traditional practitioners and local peoples of Bidar district have been enumerated in this paper. These plants contain important phytochemicals and are employed in the vari- ous ailments. The main aim of this work is to survey, document the existence of medicinal plants of Bidar district for the benefit of mankind and further investigation. Keywords- Medicinal plants, Bidar district, Traditional practitioner.

Citation: Kalmath S.V., et al. (2012) Existancy and Survey of Medicinal Plants of Bidar District, Karnataka (India). World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp.-14-21.

Copyright: Copyright©2012 Kalmath S.V., et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib- ution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Introduction panse of 5448 square kilometers of land lies between 17°35’ and Since Early times, man has used many plants for medicine, tim- 18°25’ North latitudes and 76°42’minutes and 77°39’ east longi- ber, food and fuel., Due to this rich Plant Biodiversity, the tradi- tudes (Fig. 1). tional knowledge on the use of plants as medicine is well docu- As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Bidar in mented. The interest in the ethnobotanical research has in- 2011 is 211,944; of which male and female are 109,435 and creased considerably for the last few decades. Many Investiga- 102,509 respectively. Average literacy rate of Bidar city is 87.65 tors, Research Scholars directed towards valorization of ethno percent of which male and female literacy was 92.88 and 82.08 botany because of belief that traditional medicines remedies may percent respectively. Total children (0-6) in Bidar city are 25,077 be useful sources for the new therapeutic products. About 1/3 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. population of Bidar district depends on the traditional medicine as Bidar city is known for its Bidri handicraft products. Manjira Riv- it is commonly available and does not cause any side effect. er is one of the main rivers supplying drinking water to Bidar. Re- Since there is no so far study reported in the district, the present cently Bidar was ranked 22nd among the cleanest cities in India report is communicated. and 5th cleanest in Karnataka. It has a rich heritage of herbal medicinal plants Methodology During the Year 2010-11, several field trips were undertaken to Bidar district is located on in the North-Eastern different villages of Bidar district. In several villages as our survey Part of Karnataka covering total area of Bidar covering an ex- we got 12 famous traditional practitioners were they are regularly

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012 Bioinfo Publications 14

Existancy and Survey of Medicinal Plants of Bidar District, Karnataka (India)

practicing aid of their knowledge on Ayurvedic medicines and Table 1– Continues traditional knowledge with use of local plant resources (Table Mayatenus No.1) Interviewed information on the use of medicinal plants were senegalensisLawnia Leucorrhoea, coromandaliana, recorded. These Plants species were identified and Herbarium Karaknalli, Menorrhegea, Semen Securinega Karapakpalli, specimens are preserved in Karnataka Arts, Science and Com- leakage, Joint Pain, leucopyrus, Ficus Ramannna Forest area merce College Bidar for Further Research. Paralysis, Abdomen bengalensis, Cassia 4 Shivram and waste land Pain, Asthama, fistula, Kashi gida Bhutale and Field Bidar Jaundice, Child, Citrus, Carulluma, & Abdomen Pain, Gymnema, Taluka. Guntamalgi, Piles. Acalypha indica, Abutilon indicum, Phyllanthes niruri Karakanalli Cassia fistula, Cucur- Karpakpalli, Narasareddy Paralyis, bita maxima, Tinospo- Forest area Bakkareddy Tuberculosis, Piles, ra Field and 5 Tumanapalli, Leucoderma and cardifolea, Piper betel, Waste land R/O Karaknalli, Jaundice. Capparis spinosa, Bidar & Age:65 years Gymnema sylvestris Humnabad Taluka. Shanker Nag and Nagesari, Wadagaon Siddappa, Ficus carica, Forest and Snake Bite, Dog Bite, Laxmidoddi, Awalakkigida, Kawal Field and 6 Jaundice, R/O Wadgaon gida Securinega Waste land Leucorrhea. India Map Karnataka map [D], leucopyrus, & Age: 60Years. Boralgida Taluka. Kashinath Wadagaon Tukaram Forest and Rathod, Asthama, Chest Pain, Azadirachta indica, Field and 7 R/O Khernayak Bone Fracture. Tectona grandis Waste land Thanda, Aurad & Bhalki Age: 58Years Taluka. Wadagaon Gangaram Forest and Cattle Food Mogalappa, Acacia nilotica, Croto- Field and 8 Poisoning, Children R/o Khanapur, laria juncea Waste land weakness Age:65 years Aurad & Bhalki Taluka. Wadagaon Forest and Pandurang, Field and 9 R/O Soralli, Jaundice, Somani Bhoj patri Fig. 1- Location Map of Bidar District, Karnataka (INDIA) Waste land Age: 70 years Aurad & Bhalki Table 1- local Traditional Health Practitioners in Bidar Taluka. Vithal Rajappa Name of the Snake bite, Scorpion Narayanpur Sl. Traditional Local Biological Re- Jamadar, NatiVaidya & Locality bite, Dog Bite, Fields and 10 R/O Narayan- No. Knowledge sources Used Leucorrhea and forest. B’kalyan Address pur, Leucoderma Taluka. Coralocarpus Age: 96 years epigeaus, Cancer, Diabetes, Udumnalli Manohar Narayanrao Gymnema sylvistris, Cas- Sterility Snake bite, Narayanpur Endometris, Karpakpalli Jamadar, Gundappa sia fistula, Scorpion Bite, Fields and Leucorrhoea, Forest & 11 R/O Guntur Chowki R/O Phyllanthus niruri, Ricinus Leucorrhea and forest. B’kalyan 1 Asthama, uncultivated Wadi, Udumnalli communis, Punica gran- Leprosy Taluka. Jaundice, land in Bidar Age: 75 years. Bidar atum, Tinospora cardifolia, Piles, Swine flue, & Humnabad Revanappa Narayanpur Age: 55 years Achyranthes aspera and Govindappa, Field and Menorrhegea. taluka. 12 Gantmalgi Ocimum Hirgapnavar, forest. B’kalyan sanctum. R/O Hulgutti Taluka. Prabhuling Karaknalli, Hanmanthappa Abdomen Pain, Aegle mormelos, Aloe Karpakpalli, 2 Mustari, Memory Power, vera, Centalla asciatica, Forest and R/O Mustari, Tooth Ache Citrus medica Results Field. Age: 56 years The recorded Information on 41 Plants Species, used commonly Cattle: Foot and Leaucas aspera, Vitex as remedies for various diseases are listed with their Family and Mouth, Karan Phod, Hanmanth negundo, Allium cepa, Local Ecological status in the Bidar District (Table 2.) fallowed by Bone Fracture, Karaknalli, appa Koneri Ricinus communis, Allium Throat and Malzari, Karpakpalli their habitat. The Plant part used, Local distribution, ecological 3 Byader, R/O sativum, Nagari & Bittil Eye cataract, and sur- status all are enumerated below: Karaknalli, leaves, Acacia catechue, Human: Leucor- rounding field Age: 70 years Semacarpus rhoea, Menor- anacardium rhegea, Jaundice

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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Table 2- Local status of Medicinal plants (wild) in Bidar Dist. (K.S) Local distribution: Forest Area, Chitta, Shahapur, Deva Deva Sl. Vana, Khanapur, Karaknalli, Field Hedges. Habitat Scientific name Family Local ecological status No. Local uses: The leaves are chewed to get relief from throat 1 US Abutilan indicum Malvaceae Low risk least concerned trouble and voice. Musicians eat the dried leaves to clear and tone 2 CI Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Vulnerable up their voice. 3 H Acanthospermum hispidum Asteraceae Endangered 4 H Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae vulnerable 5 T Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Abundant LR&LC 3. Acanthospermum hispidum D.C. 6 T Acacia catechu Mimosaceae Endangered Family: Asteraceae 7 S Adathoda vasica Acanthaceae vulnerable : Hallu novina gida 8 H Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Vulnerable Local distribution: Field, uncultivated waste lands 9 T Aegle mormelos Rutaceae Vulnerable Local ecological status: Vulnerable 10 H Aloe vera Liliaceae vulnerable Causes of threat: Habitat destructions 11 H Argemone mexicana Papavaraceae Low risk least concerned 12 H Asperagus racemosus Liliaceae vulnerable Local uses: Leaves are chewed to get relief from tooth ache. 13 T Azadirachta indica Meliaceae LR and LC Leaves taste like betel leave 14 S Baliospermum montana Euphorbiaceae Vulnerable 15 H Biophytum sensitivum Geraniaceae Vulnerable 4. Achyranthes aspera 16 S.T Fabaceae Vulnerable Binomial name: Achyranthes aspera 17 T Buchanania latifolia Anacardiaceae Low risk Marathi: Aghada 18 S.T Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae LR & LC 19 S Caesalpinia bunducella Caesalpinaceae Vulnerable : Aghada 20 CL Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Vulnerable : Apamarga 21 H Centella asiatica Apiaceae vulnerable Kannada local: Uttarani 22 S.T Cassia fistula Caesalpinaceae vulnerable Ecological Status: Threatened 23 T Capparis spinosa Capparidaceae Vulnerable Causes of: Habital destruction and use Road, House and Other 24 CL Corallocarpus epigeus Cucurbitaceae Vulnerable Threat residential activities. 25 H Datura metal Solanaceae Low risk 26 CL Gymnema sylvestris Asclepiadaceae Vulnerable Habital and distribution: Waste land, Road side, Field, Fence in 27 S Gloriosa superba Liliaceae Endangered Bidar Dist. 28 S Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae Endangered Local uses: For cuts and wounds the leaf juice applied externally 29 H Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Vulnerable and eaten raw. The dried stem sticks are used to burn as a holy 30 CL Ipomea paniculata Convolvulaceae vulnerable after to Ishta Ling on the occasion of Shivaratri by Lingayat com- 31 H Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Vulnerable munity. The sticks tips are wraped with and wet with cook- 32 H Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae Vulnerable ing oil. 33 H Plumbago zeylanica Plumbaginaceae Vulnerable 34 H Psorelia coryfolia Fabaceae Vulnerable 35 S Sarcostemma acidum Asclepiadaceae Vulnerable 5. Acacia nilotica 36 T Semacarpus anacardium Anacardaceae Vulnerable Family: Mimosaceae 37 S Securinega leucopyrus Euphorbiaceae vulnerable Hindi: Babul 38 CL Tinospora cardifolia Menispermaceae Vunerable Kannada: Babbuli 39 H Tridax procumbens Asteraceae vulnerable Marathi: Babhul 40 S Vitex nigundo Verbenaceae LR & LC 41 US Withania somnifera Solanaceae Vulnerable Ecological status: Abundant and Low risk Distribution: Acacia nilotica is native from Egypt, across the and Sahel, south to Mozambique and Natal, and Enumeration east through to Pakistan, India and Burma. 1. Abutilon indicum Local use: Acacia nilotica is used as a demulcent or for con- Family: Malvaceae ditions such as gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, diarrhea, dysentery or Binomial name: Abutilan indicum L diabetes. It is styptic and astringent. In Siddha medicine, the gum Kannada local: Vibhuti Gida is used to consolidate otherwise watery semen. Marathi: Pili buti Local Distribution and Habitat: Throughout Bidar District, Waste Hindi: Pili buti land, Uncultivated land and Forest. Local uses: Roots used as tonic. Roots powdered and mixed with ghee and sugar 6. Acacia catechu Local Ecological Status: Threatened Family: Mimosaceae Causes of threat: Destruction of Habitat. Hindi: Khair 2. Abrus precatorius Kannada: Kaggali Kachin gida Kannada: Gulgunji Sanskrit: Khadira Marathi: Ratti Ecological status: Rare and Threatened due to habitat loss. Hindi: Rati Distribution: The Acacia catechu is found in , China, India Sanskrit: Gunja and the area. Ecological Status: Threatened - Vulnerable Status Local use: More specifically, the extract, called catechu is used to Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction treat sore throats and diarrhea. Useful in passive diarrhoea either

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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Existancy and Survey of Medicinal Plants of Bidar District, Karnataka (India)

alone, or in combination with cinnamon or apium; the concentrat- destruction. ed aqueous extract, known as khayer gum or cutch is astringent. It is used by the nativaidya in bidar for treatment in menstrual 11. Argemone maxicana disorder. The decoction of bark mixed with milk is taken to cure Family: Papavaraceae cold and cough. Hindi: Shialkanta Local Distribution and Habitat: In Karpak Palli Forest and Sanskrit: Brahmadandi Wadagaon Forest Ecological status: Abundant Low risk. Local use: Local Nativaidyas use the yellow latex to apply on the 7. Adathoda Vascica soar mouth and tounge to get immediate relief. Family: Asclepiadaceae Local Distribution and Habitat: Through Bidar District Waste Marathi: Adsog Land, Field ,Road Side Kannada: Adasoge / Adu, Muttada Gida. Local Distribution: Throughout Bidar Distt. Waste field, forest 12. Asparagus racemosus wild and uncultivated land. Family: Liliaceae Local use: Leaf decoction for could and cough. Kannada local: Satavari Ecological status: Threatened due to Habitat loss. Sanskrit: Satavari Marathi: Satavari 8. Andrographis paniculata Hindi: Satavari Family: Acanthaceae Ecological Status: Threatened in wild habitat Kannada local: Nelabeu Local use: Local Nativaidyas use roots as tonic. Marathi: Oli-kiryata Causes of: Habitat destruction of due to extensive use of land for Hindi: Kirayat Threat: cultivation & house construction. Sanskrit: Kalamegh, Bhunimbcu Local Distribution: Bidar district forest area and field, common in Ecological Status: Threatened garden. Causes of: Habitat destruction of due to expansion of Residential Threat Habitual and cultivation. 13. Azadirachta indica Local Habitat: Throughout Bidar District waste land Chitta & Sha- Family: Meliaceae hapur Forest area. Hindi: Neem Local use: Local Nati Vaidya’s use whole plant treats joint pain, Kannada: Bevu viral fevers. Distribution: It is native to India and Pakistan growing in tropical and semi-tropical . 9. Aegle mormelos Local use: All parts of the tree are said to have medicinal proper- Family: Rutaceae ties (seeds, leaves, flowers and bark) and are used for preparing Kannada local: Bilwa Patri many different medical preparations. Marathi: Bael Hindi: Bael 14. Baliospermum montanum Sanskrit: Bilwa Family: Euphorbiaceae Ecological Status: Threatened Kannada: Damti Causes of: Over utilization Hindi: Danti Threat: Habitat destruction. Sanskrit: Hasti Danti Local Habitat & Distribution: Throughout Bidar District Field and Ecological Status: Vulnerable / Regional Forest, Temples, Tirth. Cause of threat: Habitat destruction. Local medicinal use: Tender leaves chewed as tonic pulp & leaf Common uses: Ayurveda, Folk, Tibetian, Unani and Sidha juice dysentery & tuberculosis. Local habitat: Throughout Bidar Distt. Field Forest and Unculti- vated Land 10. Aloe vera Local Uses: Roots, leaves and seeds are used to cure jaundice Family: Liliaceae and roots for piles. For piles. Kannada: Navras, lolerasa Hindi: Ghritkamani 15. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Sanskrit: Ghritkumari Family: Oxalidaceae, Genus Biophytum Local distribution: Waste uncultivated land with Rocky land, Kannada: Hora Muchagi Hillocks in Bidar District. Hindi: Lajwanti Local uses: Leaf juice used to remove face skin patches. Juice Marathi: Lajwanti with powder applied a swellings, tumors and get relief Sanskrit: Vipareetiajjalu from sprain oral consumption against digestive ailments. Local use: It is also a reputed medicine for tuberculosis and asth- Local Habitat and Distribution: Forest and uncultivated land Now a ma. days cultivated in garden. Deva-Deva Van Bidar. Habitat and Local Distribution: Agricultural waste land jowar Local Ecological Status: Under threat in wild, due to habitat field in Bidar Distt.

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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Local Ecological Status: Threatened due to Habitat destruction. cultivated land, Field border. Local Ecological status: Vulnerable due to Habitat destruction. 16. Butea monosperma Ayurvedic Description: Properties: Rasa-katu, tikta; Guna-laghu, Family: Fabaceae rooksha, teekshna; Veerya-ushna; Vipak-katu. Kannada local: Muttal gida Action and Uses:Kapha, vat samak, sotha har, badana sthapan, Hindi: Palash dipan, anuloman, krimighan, rakt sodhak, swashar, mutral, jwara- Marathi: Palas ghan. Sanskrit: Kinshuk Local use: Leaf juice is administered in fever, Leucorrhea, Grown Local Ecological Status: Threatened as thick and prickly fence around field for protection. Seeds are Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction of unprotected forest & offered to goddess Tulsi on the occasion of Tulsi pooja. Over utilization of leaves Habitat & Distribution: Bidar district, waste land unprotected 20. Cocculus hirsutus forest area. Family: Menispermaceae Butea monosperma (Sanskrit: Kishanku, Hindi: Palash) is a spe- Kannada: Byangida balli cies of Butea native to tropical southern Asia, from Pakistan, In- Hindi: Patal garudl dia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cause of threat: Habitat destruction (Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and western Indonesia. Common Local Ecological status: Threatened plant names include Palash, Dhak, Palah, Flame of the Forest, Basard , Parrot Tree, Keshu (Punjabi) and Kesudo (Gujurati). 21. Centella asciatica Family: Apiaceae 17. Buchanania latifolia Kannada: Ondelga, Family: Anacardiaceae Hindi: Brahmi Kannada: Mallikai gida Sanskrit: Mandukapami Hindi: Chiranji Local Habitat & Distribution: Throughout Bidar Distt. In the field Ecological status: Threatened due habitat destruction. alongwith water canal. Distribution: Asia-temperate China: China - Hainan, Yunnan, Local use: The leaves are used to increase memory power.5 Asia-tropical, India, Nepal, Indo- leaves with 1 spoon honey given for 3 days. China: Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Local Ecological Status: Threatened (Vulnerable) Local Distribution and Habitat: Forest in Bidar Chitta Changler Causes of Threat: Habitat loss due to agricultural operation. Karpak Palli Khanapur Local use: Seeds used as a sweetmeat, rich in oil. Tha bark 22. Cassia fistula contain tannin and the gum have medicinal properties, The wood Family: Caesalpinaceae is used as firewood.The ripe fruits are eaten .Lambani community Kannada local: Kakkigida and the local women collect the fruits and sold in the village and Marathi: Bahava city market Bidar Hindi: Amaltas Sanskrit: Aragvadha, Chaturangula, Sa- 18. Calotropis procera varnaka. Family: Asclepiadaceae Habitat and Distribution: Bidar Forest Area and uncultivated Common name: Milkweed, Rui (madar) agriculture land Kannada: Yekki gida Local Ecological Status: Threatened Distribution: Throughout India on plains on wastelands Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction and over utilization Special characteristics: Its typical leaves and flowers, which are Local uses: Local Nativaidyas use the bark with zira to treat Leu- quite unique in structure corhea-Excessive bleeding in menstrual cycles. Local Habitat: Common Weed Throughout Bidar District Waste land uncultivated land and in residential habitat. 23. Capparis spinosa Local uses: Latex applied on the fresh dog bite is quite effective. Family: Capparidaceae Dried flowers are used against asthma. Latex is applied for Joint Kannada: Tottul Balli pain and removes the thorn penetrated in to the foot. Tender Local habitat: Waste land and uncultivated field. Old buildings. leaves with neem oil paste is applied to cure Leucoderma. Ecological status: Threatened due to loss of habitat. Local Ecological Status: Abundant low risk least concerned. Medicinal uses: In folk medicine, leaves used as cataplasm for boils, swelling and hemorrhoids. Decoction of root bark used for 19. Caesalpinia bunducella vomiting. Family: Caesalpinaceae Kannada: Gajaga 24. Corallocarpus epigaeus Hindi: Karthkaranj Family: Cucurbitaceae Marathi: Gajaga Kannada: Akashagarudagadde Sanskrit: Kakachika, Karanja and Latakaranja Sanskrit: Sukanasa Local Habitat: Throughout Bidar District Waste land, Forest, Un- Local Distribution and Habitat: Udumnalli Field along the border

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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and fencing in Humnabad Tq. Botanical name: Gardina latifolia Local Use: Nativaidya Narayan Chowki uses the root tubers to Ecological status: Threatened treat the cancer Causes of threat: Habitat Destruction Ecological Status: Threatened due to the destruction of the habi- Local Distribution and Habitat: Forest and uncultivated land. In tat Karpakpalli. Reserved Forest in Bidar District. Distribution: India, Pakistan (Punjab, Sind and Baluchistan), Local use: The resin exuded from the tip of the stem is used Tropical East and Sudan. Dry districts of Karnataka against the dysentery locally.

25. Datura metal 29. Hemidesmus indicus Kannada: Datturigida Family: Asclepiadaceae Hindi: Kala Datura Kannada: Haliberin gida Local use: Leaves in Asthma by Local Nativaidyas Hindi: Ananthamul Ecological status: Threatened. Cause of threat –Habitat de- Sanskrit: Ananthmul struction due to residential expansion of land in rural and urban. Local Distribution and Habitat: Common everywhere. Forest Habitat and distribution: Throughout Bidar District in waste land land, uncultivated land, Field hedges in all the places in Bidar Datura metal is a shrub-like perennial herb, commonly known as district. angel’s trumpet, devil’s trumpet and metal. Local Ecological Status: Threatened due to destruction of habi- Datura metal grows in the wild in all the warmer parts of the world tat. and is cultivated worldwide for its chemical and ornamental prop- Causes of threat: Use of land for construction of house and road erties. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1753, but no botanical- etc. ly correct illustrations or descriptions were made until after the was settled. It is not possible to be sure about its origi- 30. Ipomea paniculata nal home. Family: Convolvulaceae Kannada: Gollagiddiballi 26. Gymnema sylvestre Hindi: Bhilayakand Family: Asclepiadaceae Sanskrit: Ksheeravidari Kannada: Kad patri Ecological status: Threatened due to habitat destruction. Sanskrit: Madhunasini Local use: It is used as astimulant as well as depressant for dif- Marathi: Vakhandi ferent organ systems Hindi: Kavali Local Distribution and Habitat: Throughout Bidar District in Local Habitat and Distribution: Uncultivated land Wadgaon in waste land all along the fencing of the crop field in Udumnalli and Aurad in reserve forest. Local uses: Nati vaidyas treat diabetes in general, jaundice and fever by leaf tablets. 31. Mimosa pudica Local Ecological Status: Threatened Due to destruction of Habi- Family: Mimosaceae tat. Hindi: chui-mui Kannada: muttidare muni 27. Gloriosa superba Marathi: Lazalu Family: Liliace Ecological status: Threatened due to habitat destruction Kannada: Gowri Huva Distribution: The species is native to and Central Local Status: Endangered America, but is now a pantropical weed. Local Distribution: In Khanapur Reserved Forest and Karpakpalli Forest in Bidar District. 32. Phylanthus Niruri Local Uses: Medicinal uses of Gloriosa superba: The roots and Family name: Euphorbiaceae leaves used in snakebite, leaves given to cattle as antiworm treat- Kannada: Nala nelli ment. Colchicines, an alkaloid obtained from the tubers and seeds Hindi: Bhumi amla fetches high price in the market and used in scientific research. Part used: Whole Plant Causes of Threat: Habitat Destruction and Over utilization Local name: Nela Nelli and slow growth. Product offered: Whole plant Local Ecological Status: Threatened 28. Gardenia latifolia Cause of Threat: Destruction of Habitat. Family: Rubiaceae (Coffee family) Habitat: Common in central and southern India extending to Common name: Indian Boxwood Srilanka. Hindi: Papda, papura, paphar Local distribution: Whole of Bidar District waste land, uncultivat- Marathi: Ghogar, papda, dikemaali, gogavli ed agriculture land, Seasonal, Annual herb. Kannada: Kambi, kalkambi, adavibikke Local use: Whole plant is used against in jaundice by local Nati Sanskrit: Parpataki vaidyas. Locally: Kyrengengida

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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Kalmath S.V., Patil M.S., Kritika S.K., Mahantesh S.P. and Patil C.S.

33. Plumbago Zeylanica and uncultivated land. Family name: Plumbaginaceae Local use: The tender leaves are used by the local Nati Vaidya in Botanical name: Plumbago Zeylanica treatment of Endometres along with the tender leaves of Mayaten- Kannada name: Bili chitra mula us senegalensis and Lawnia coromandaliana Part Used: Flowers Product offered: Roots 38. Tinospora cordifolia Local Ecological Status: Rare Vulnerable. Family: Menispermaceae Causes of Threat: Habitat Destruction Kannada: Amrut balli Local distribution: Waste land, Field Border Habit, Uncultivated Hindi: Gulvel land, Throughout Bidar District. Sanskriti: Guduchi Local use: Root paste applied on tumors to cure and get relief. Local Ecological Status: Threatened (Vulnerable) in wild Habitat: Throughout India but abundantly found in north India Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction and over utilization. upto 1600 m. Distribution: Through out tropical India,Mynamar and Sri Lanka ascending to an altitude of 1000 ft . 34. Psoralea corylifolia Local Habitat: Field, uncultivated waste land. Now a day’s culti- Family name: Fabaceae vated all house gardens. Kannada: Bavanchi Hindi: Bavacha 39. Tridax procumbens Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction Family: Asteraceae Local Ecological Status: Threatened due to habitat destruction. Kannada: Gejje Tikke Uses: General uses are diuretic antianthelmentic and antifungal. Hindi: Bishalya Local distribution & Habitat: Waste land, uncultivated land field Marathi: Gaddi chamanthi alongwith border in karpakpalli and other area. Sanskrit: Ghamra Local uses: Product offered Seeds and Oil .Fertility and as tonic Ecological status: Threated Root. Causes of threat: Habitat destruction Local Habitat: Waste land, Field and Forest Locality through out 35. Sarcostemma acidum the destrict. Family: Asclepiadaceae Kannada local: Khandiki Kalli 40. Vitex negundo Hindi: Soma Family: Verbenaceae Sanskrit: Somalata Kannada: Bile-nekki Ecological status: Threatened vulnerable Marathi: Nirgunda Causes of threat: Habitat destruction Sanskrit: Nirgundi, Sephalika, Sindhuvara, Vrikshaha Local use: Applied latex on wounds and cuts. Hindi: Mewri; Nirgundi; Nisinda; Sambhalu; Sawbhalu Distribution: Found in the reserved forest Karpakpalli not found Ecological Status: Abundant and Low risk due to fast growth. everywhere. Local Distribution and Habitat: Waste land, uncultivated land, field, near water bodies and forest all types of . Distributed 36. Semacarpus anacardium throughout in Bidar district. Family: Anacardiaceae Local Uses: Use of lakky locally called is known to the rural peo- Hindi: Bhilawa ple.The tender leaves and flowers are put in to the nose to get rid Sanskrit: Agnimukh the coldness.The matured leaves bed are used to get relief from Kannada: Ker beeja the cold and body pain.Lakky decoction is used to cure BP heart Marathi: Bibba diseases, paralysis,dieabetes and other diseases by Nati Vaidyas Ecological status: Threatened due to over utilization and habitat in Bidar District. destruction. Lakky is a holy plant offered to Lord Shiva on the occasion of Distribution: It is native of India, found in the outer Himala- Mahashiva ratri by . yas to . Local Distribution and Habitat: Forest area in Bidar Chitta 41. Withania somnifera Changler and Wadgaon and Khanapur. Family: Solaceae Kannada: Ashwagandha 37. Securinega leucopyrus Muell Sanskrit: Ashwagandha Family: Euphorbiaceae Hindi: Ajagandha, Kanaje Kannada: Bili Huli Local Ecological Status: Vulnerable Sanskrit: Brahmadandi Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction Hindi: Shialkanta Local uses: The roots are used as tonic to strength to the body Ecological status: Threatened and to make sexually strong. Causes of Threat: Habitat destruction. Local Destribution and Habitat: Changler,Karpakpalli,Forest

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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Existancy and Survey of Medicinal Plants of Bidar District, Karnataka (India)

Discussion This Study revealed a considerable medicinal plant diversity of Bidar district. Data were compared with the available literature of different regions of Karnataka on medicinal plants and was found that many of these are not recorded eelier. In Karnataka ethnobo- tanical studies on medicinal plants were conducted earlier in uttar Kannada districts. However, in Bidar district, No detailed studies on ethno medicine have been conducted. The formulation and standardization of these effective phytomedicines should be en- couraged for their sustainable uses and preservation of endan- gered species of this area. The data accrued is expected to useful for the development of the herbal drug industries to improve tribal and rural economy of Bidar district. The plants which are accrued are to be used single or combination with others. Some infor- mation pertaining to particular remedy from different localities or groups of informants reflects the accuracy and authenticity of the medicines on the phytochemistry. The Data from the Traditional practitioners will helpful further for the Scientific assessment of these medicines on phytochemistry, Biological activity and clinical studies are, however necessary. This may provide a lead in the development of drugs to be used in modern system of medicine.

Acknowledgement The authors are very thankful to the University Grant Commission providing fund for the work. Author also thankful Tribal people and Traditional practitioners of Bidar districts for their kind support during the work.

References [1] Ministry of environment and Forests Government of India (1994) Anonymous, Ethnobotany in India- A Status Report. [2] Prashanthkumar P., et al. (2006) Indian journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5, 295-299. [3] Maheshwari J.K. (2000) Ethnoboatny and medicinal plants of Indian subcontinents, 672. [4] Sharma H.K., Chhangte L. and Dolui A.K. (2001) Traditional medicinal plants in , India, Fitoterapia, 72, 146. [5] Seetharam Y.N., Kotresh K. and Uplaonkar S.B. (2000) Flora of (, Gulbarga). [6] Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D. (1935) Indian Medicinal Plants, I- IV. [7] Agarawal V.S. (1986) Economic Plants of India. [8] Indira Kalyan Sundaram (1998) Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 40, 1-4. [9] Bhandari M.J., Chandrashekhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M. (1995) J. Eco. Tax. Bot., 47(3).

World Research Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ISSN: 2278-9863 & E-ISSN: 2278-9871, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2012

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