Annual Conference and Expo of the Association of Avian

Veterinarians (AAV 2019)

Held at ExoticsCon 2019

St. Louis, Missouri, USA 29 September – 3 October 2019

ISBN: 978-1-5108-9621-5 Printed from e-media with permission by:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571

Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version.

Printed with permission by Curran Associates, Inc. (2020)

For permission requests, please contact Association of Avian Veterinarians at the address below.

Association of Avian Veterinarians PO Box 9 Teaneck, NJ 07666 USA

Phone: 720-458-4111 Fax: 720-398-3496

[email protected]

Additional copies of this publication are available from:

Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com Table of Contents

Hybrid Sessions

Section 1: Plenary Session Gonadal Activity Suppression in Chickens, Rats, and Swine Using an Antibody-Guided Lipid-Based Nanocomplex (Session #2760) ...... 2 Evaluation of the Effects of Metronidazole on Food Intake in Chinchillas (Session #2766) ...... 4 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Hemoglobin-Binding Protein in Eastern and Ornate Box Turtles (Terrapene spp.) (Session #2695) ...... 5 Avian Sources for Transmission of Psittacosis to Humans (Session #2631) ...... 6 (I¿FDF\DQG6DIHW\RI%XSUHQRUSKLQHLQ$IULFDQ3\JP\+HGJHKRJV Atelerix albiventris) (Session #2682) ...... 8 /HIW6KLIWLQJLQ1RQ0DPPDOLDQ9HUWHEUDWH+HWHURSKLOVDQG1HXWURSKLOV4XDQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG&OLQLFDO6LJQL¿FDQFH (Session #2806) ...... 9

Section 2: Monday Hybrid Session Common Referral Issues for Reptiles, Small Mammals, and Birds: Cases to Learn From (Session #2740) ...... 11 7HQ7KLQJV

Section 3: Tuesday Hybrid Session Interstate Movement of Exotic Pets and the Role of Veterinarians in Managing Risk (Session #2892) ...... 35 To See or Not to See: Diagnostic Imaging in Giant African Land Snails (Session #2751) ...... 39 Advanced Diagnostic Imaging (Session #2929) ...... 41 Tips and Tricks in Exotic Pets Acupuncture (Session #2757) ...... 48 Applying Local Blocks Across the Taxons (Session #2902) ...... 49 Anesthesia of Small Urban Wildlife (Session #2807) ...... 53

Section 4: Monday Technician Session Decreasing Stress Before, During, and After the Veterinary Visit (Session #2680) ...... 60 Maximizing the Healing Power of Exotic Animal Nursing (Session #2696) ...... 63 Troubleshooting the Poor Recovery: The Exotic Patient (Session #2836) ...... 72

Building Exotics Excellence: One City, One Conference VIII Section 5: Tuesday Technician Session Parrots and Children: Expanding the Flock (Session #2928) ...... 77 Low Stress Handling™ Techniques in Small Mammals with a Focus on Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) (Session #2863) ...... 81 Avian Emergency Triage and the Role of the Veterinary Technician (Session #2719) ...... 88 Using Natural History Information to Raise the Bar of Reptile Husbandry (Session #2921) ...... 91

Association of Avian Veterinarians

Section 6: AAV Cutting-Edge Medicine Use of a Vessel Sealing Device for Ovariectomy in Birds: A Chicken Model (Session #2677) ...... 101 Comparison of Different Doses and Delivery Methods of IsoVue 370 IV for CT Contrast Study in Birds (Session #2924)...... 103 Diagnosis and Treatment of Gordonia Species Infection in a Lovebird (Agapornis) (Session #2756) ...... 104 Evaluation of a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway for Objective Gait Analysis in Normal and Arthritic Domestic Ducks (Cairina moschata domestica) (Session #2637) ...... 105 Regional Limb Perfusion in a Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) with Severe Unilateral Pododermatitis (Session #2856) ...... 106 Adverse Effects of Multi-Dose Oral Meloxicam Administration in Rhode Island Red Chickens (Gallus gallus) (Session #2851) ...... 107 Pharmacokinetics of Oral and Intravenous Administration of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in Rhode Island Red Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) (Session #2834) ...... 108 Pharmacokinetics and Drug Residues in Eggs Following Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid (Clavamox®) Oral Administration to Domestic Chickens (Gallus domesticus) (Session #2618) ...... 109 Amlodipine for Treatment of Hypertension in Psittacine Birds: Six Cases (2010-2018) (Session #2762) ...... 110

Section 7: AAV Flock Health Management Cassowary Eggs: Collection, Incubation and Hatchability (Session #2860) ...... 112 Four Infertile Female Cassowaries Rendered Fertile after a Dramatic Diet Change to a Highly Frugivore-Based Diet (Session #2859) ...... 117

Investigation of Ionized Calcium and Vitamin D3 in African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (Session #2730) ...... 122 Utilizing Dietary Analysis in the Investigation of Developmental Skeletal Abnormalities in Captive Peregrine Falcons (Session #2679) ...... 123 Postmortem Findings in a Collection of Captive Raptors (Session #2627) ...... 124 Vertical Transmission of Avipolyomavirus (Session #2713) ...... 126

2019 Conference Proceedings IX Prevalence, Sample, and Test Performance for Chlamydia psittaci in Psittacine Birds (Session #2624) ...... 130 Potential Risks of Fungal Respiratory Disease in Companion Avian Species from Window-Mounted Air Conditioners (Session #2672) ...... 132 Using Metagenomic Sequencing to Identify a Novel Viral Agent Associated with Disease in a Psittacine Nursery (Session #2720) ...... 138 Nature Calls: Ecological Determinants for Abnormal Behavior and Breeding Problems in Captive Psittacines (Session #2623) ...... 144 Identifying Personality Traits to Aid Social Pairing of Amazon Parrots (Amazona amazonica) (Session #2788) ...... 146 The Pellet Puzzle: An Evaluation of Three Proposed Pellet Conversion Methods (Session #2775) ...... 148

Section 8: AAV Wild Bird Health Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy as a Novel Treatment for Brevetoxicosis in Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) (Session #2768) ...... 151 Lessons Learned from a Fuel Spill in Frigid Northern Weather (Session #2815) ...... 152 Pre-Release Hematologic Values in Rehabilitated Mississippi Kites (Ictinia mississippiensis) (Session #2675) ...... 155 Investigation of the Avian Cornea Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Confocal Microscopy (Session #2782) ...... 156 Padre Peregrine Falcon Survey on South Padre Island (Session #2925) ...... 159 Optimizing Outcomes in Wildlife Rehabilitation: A Comprehensive Approach (Session #2827) ...... 161 Myelolipomatosis in the Javan Pond Heron: Ten Cases (Session #2684) ...... 162 Discospondylitis in a Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) (Session #2606) ...... 163 Success of Avian Orthopedic Management Techniques (Session #2799) ...... 164 Outcome of Antebrachial Fractures in Birds of Prey: 620 Cases (1986-2015) (Session #2926) ...... 165 Effects of Perching Surfaces and Bandaging on Weight Loading on the Central Metatarsal Foot Pad of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) (Session #2697) ...... 166

Section 9: AAV Master Classes: Wild Bird Health Management Avian Wound Management (Session #2778) ...... 168 Avian Physiotherapy and Reconditioning in a Rehabilitation Program (Session #2801)...... 174 Floods, Fires, Spills and Blooms: The Avian Practitioner and Natural Disasters (Session #2764) ...... 181 Introduction to Hematology of Raptors and Companion Birds (Session #2616) ...... 191 Wildlife Rehabilitation: Songbird Illness, Injuries, and Treatment (Session #2812) ...... 198

Building Exotics Excellence: One City, One Conference X Section 10: AAV Master Classes: Internal Medicine Avian Oncology: Current Diagnostic and Treatment Options (Session #2704) ...... 207 Practical Overview of Poultry Diseases You Need to Know (Session #2653) ...... 212 Managing the Avian Microbiome in Health and Disease (Session #2671)...... 219 Communicating with Birds Using Phonics and Consent Training (Session #2803) ...... 235

Section 11: AAV Master Classes: Aviculture & Flock Management Fundamentals of Aviculture for Veterinarians (Session #2717) ...... 243 A Bird in Hand Equals Two in the Bush: Flock Management of Diseases (Session #2604) ...... 248 Diagnosis of the Incredible Egg (Session #2877) ...... 258 Psittacine Neonatology and Pediatrics: From the Egg to the Flock (Session #2847) ...... 268 Penguin Medicine and Management (Session #2626) ...... 274

Section 12: AAV Master Classes: All Things Visible Introduction to Radiography of Raptors and Companion Birds (Session #2617) ...... 287 Cognitive Abilities of Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) and Dealing with Parrot Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities in Daily Practice (Session #2632) ...... 291 Avian Ophthalmology: Principles and Application (Session #2777)...... 293 Gross Lesion Recognition for the Avian Practitioner (Session #2685) ...... 304

Section 13: AAV Oncology Carcinoma in a Green-Winged Macaw (Ara chloropterus) (Session #2711) ...... 306 Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmia Associated with a Heart-Base Tumor in a Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot (Amazona oratrix) (Session #2907) ...... 310 Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Thymoma in a Congo African Grey Parrot (Session #2895) ...... 311 Diagnosis of Seminoma with Metastasis to the Brain and Kidneys in Eclectus roratus Using Advanced Contrast Based Imaging (Session #2931) ...... 314 &RQFXUUHQW3DURVWHDO2VWHRVDUFRPDDQG0\RVLWLV2VVL¿FDQVLQD)LVFKHU¶V/RYHELUG ($JDSRUQLV¿VFKHUL) (Session #2941) ...... 316 Neoplasia and Marek’s Disease in Small Poultry Flocks in Ontario, Canada (Session #2852) ...... 318 The Lumpy Bird: Avian Oncology (Session #2605) ...... 319

Section 14: AAV Pharmacology & Anatomy Decision Making in Avian Therapeutics: Pharmacologic Principles Underlying Drug and Drug Dose Selection (Session #2930) ...... 327 Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Oral Meloxicam in Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) (Session #2692) ...... 334

2019 Conference Proceedings XI Implications of the Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Primaquine on Its Use in Managed African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) (Session #2932) ...... 336 Single and Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetics of Amantadine in Orange-Winged Amazon Parrots (Amazona amazonica) (Session #2735) ...... 337 Pharmacokinetics of Selamectin after a Single Topical Dose in Lorikeets (Trichoglossus spp.) (Session #2950) ...... 339 A Twenty-Year Trend in References Used for Avian Drug Dosages in an Exotic Animal Formulary (Session #2915) ...... 340 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach of the Budgerigar and Canary with Reference to Macrorhabdus Infection (Session #2867) ...... 341 Function of the Intermediate Zone: The Unrecognized Third Part of the Psittacine Stomach (Session #2853) ...... 347

Section 15: AAV Clinical Cases 1HXUR¿EURPDDVWKH&DXVHRIDQ8QH[SODLQHG:LQJ'URRSLQD5HG7DLOHG+DZN (Buteo jamaicensis) (Session #2840) ...... 355 Casque Squamous Cell Carcinoma Excision and 3D-printed Replacement in a Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) (Session #2608) ...... 357 Mucus Accumulation of the Ventral Air Pouch in a Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumeniferus) (Session #2647) ...... 358 6XUJLFDO7UHDWPHQWRI&KURQLF7KURDW,QÀDPPDWLRQLQD0DUDERX6WRUN Leptoptilos crumeniferus) (Session #2650) ...... 360 Treatment of Exuberant Granulation Tissue in an Umbrella Cockatoo (Cacatua alba) with Strontium Radiation (Session #2826) ...... 363 Diagnosis and Treatment of Forty-Six Cases of Proventricular Dilatation Disease (PDD) (Session #2609) ...... 364 Diagnosis and Management of Crop Dilation and Subcutaneous Herniation in Two Avian Species (Session #2794) ...... 379 Intestinal Herniation in a Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva) (Session #2615) ...... 380 Management of Chronic Cloacitis in an African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (Session #2729) ...... 383 Iron Storage Disease in a Blue and Gold Macaw (Ara ararauna) (Session #2607) ...... 384

Section 16: AAV Diagnostics & Anesthesia Application of Capillary Electrophoresis as a Research and Diagnostic Tool in Avian Medicine (Session #2661) ...... 386 Protocol Development for Preparation of Thrombocyte-Leukocyte Rich Plasma in the Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata domestica): A Pilot Study (Session #2945) ...... 387 Comparison of Live and Terminal Intravascular Contrast Agents in a Domestic Goose (Anser anser domesticus) (Session #2934) ...... 389 Fluoroscopic Angiography in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis) (Session #2790) ...... 390

Building Exotics Excellence: One City, One Conference XII Evaluation of the Effects of Midazolam on Food Intake in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) (Session #2850)...... 392 Sedation in Birds (Session #2674) ...... 393 Radiographic Heart Size in Wild Raptor Species (Session #2842) ...... 398 Grey Parrot Upper Respiratory Tract Imaging and Anatomy (Session #2933) ...... 400

2019 Conference Proceedings XIII