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Lophotrochozoa, Phoronida): the Evolution of the Phoronid Body Plan and Life Cycle Elena N
Temereva and Malakhov BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:229 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0504-0 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Metamorphic remodeling of morphology and the body cavity in Phoronopsis harmeri (Lophotrochozoa, Phoronida): the evolution of the phoronid body plan and life cycle Elena N. Temereva* and Vladimir V. Malakhov Abstract Background: Phoronids undergo a remarkable metamorphosis, in which some parts of the larval body are consumed by the juvenile and the body plan completely changes. According to the only previous hypothesis concerning the evolution of the phoronid body plan, a hypothetical ancestor of phoronids inhabited a U-shaped burrow in soft sediment, where it drew the anterior and posterior parts of the body together and eventually fused them. In the current study, we investigated the metamorphosis of Phoronopsis harmeri with light, electron, and laser confocal microscopy. Results: During metamorphosis, the larval hood is engulfed by the juvenile; the epidermis of the postroral ciliated band is squeezed from the tentacular epidermis and then engulfed; the larval telotroch undergoes cell death and disappears; and the juvenile body forms from the metasomal sack of the larva. The dorsal side of the larva becomes very short, whereas the ventral side becomes very long. The terminal portion of the juvenile body is the ampulla, which can repeatedly increase and decrease in diameter. This flexibility of the ampulla enables the juvenile to dig into the sediment. The large blastocoel of the larval collar gives rise to the lophophoral blood vessels of the juvenile. The dorsal blood vessel of the larva becomes the definitive median blood vessel. -
Ectoprocta Platyhelminthes Kamptozoa Gnathifera Nemertea
Systém a evoluce živočichů 3. cvičení J. Schenková PROTOSTOMIA - prvoústí Ectoprocta Gastrotricha Ecdysozoa Platyhelminthes Kamptozoa Platyzoa Gnathifera Nemertea, Sipunculida, Annelida Mollusca, Brachiozoa Systém a evoluce živočichů 3. cvičení J. Schenková Kmen: Gastrotricha - břichobrvky •moře, sladká voda, partenogenetické rozmnožování •protáhlé dorzoventrálně zploštělé tělo •ventrálně vířivé brvy (pohyb, potrava) •Chaetonotus maximus - vidlenka velká Systém a evoluce živočichů 3. cvičení J. Schenková fylogeneze Platyhelminthes Catenulida Macrostomorpha Gastrotricha Polycladida „Turbellaria“ Neoophora s.str. Monogenea Cestoda - Rhabditophora Trematoda - Neoophora s.lat. Systém a evoluce živočichů 3. cvičení J. Schenková Platyhelminthes (ploštěnci) protostomia (prvoústí) většinou parazité i volně žijící tělo nesegmentované (dorzoventrálně zploštělé) tři zárodečné vrstvy buněk: ektoderm – epidermis s řasinkovým epitelem mesoderm - podkožní svalový vak, schizocel – hydrostatická kostra (komplex nepravidelných štěrbinek naplněných tekutinou) entoderm – střevo (slepě zakončené) TS: trubicovitá, větvená, bez řitního otvoru VS: párovitá protonefridia NS: párová ganglia a nervové provazce nebo síť RS: hermafrodité (architomie, paratomie a pučení) CS a DS: chybí Výrazná schopnost regenerace ! Systém a evoluce živočichů 3. cvičení J. Schenková Platyhelminthes (ploštěnci) Rhabditophora charakteristické rhabdity – tyčinkovité inkluze v pokožkových žlázách, po vyloučení z těla bobtnají (ochrana, znehybnění kořisti) Macrostomida jednoduchý hltan -
Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans
Paper in: Patrick N. Wyse Jackson & Mary E. Spencer Jones (eds) (2011) Annals of Bryozoology 3: aspects of the history of research on bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. viii+225. THE HISTORY OF ENTOPROCT RESEARCH 17 The history of Entoproct research and why it continues Judith Fuchs Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden 1. Introduction 2. Early findings 3. Description of new genera 4. A natural group called Entoprocta 5. Controversy over entoproct systematics 6. Dawning of a new age 7. A new generation of entoproct researchers 8. Fossils and Australian entoprocts 9. Turning point – a new phylum, molecular tools and more morphology 10. Conclusion 1. Introduction The history of entoproct research encompasses a period of more than 250 years. The observations on the taxon were naturally influenced and restricted by the technical instruments and methods that were available at certain times. Early researchers were much challenged by investigating the miniature entoprocts with only a magnifying glass or a simple light microscope. First details of entoproct morphology were discovered when light microscopes became an established tool. Basic studies about entoproct reproduction, life history, and anatomy were made in the years between 1880 and 1960. The use of sectioning techniques in combination with scanning electron microscopy was not established in entoproct research until the late 1960s, when ultrastructural details of certain body parts as tentacles, digestive tract, or attachment structure were uncovered. In the 1990s, molecular studies were initiated to evaluate lophotrochozoan and metazoan relationships; however, only few studies were designed to resolve entoproct evolution. -
Otázky Pro Státní Bakalářskou Zkoušku Oboru Biologie a Ekologie
Otázky pro státní bakalářskou zkoušku oboru Biologie a ekologie Otázky jsou zveřejněny na webu Katedry zoologie (Výuka a studium - Studijní plány). Komise Předsedove doc. Mgr. Vladimír Remeš, Ph.D. doc. Mgr. Karel Weidinger, Dr. Členove prof. Ing. Ladislav Bocák, Ph.D. prof. RNDr. Aloisie Poulíčková, CSc. doc. RNDr. Petr Hašler, Ph.D. doc. RNDr. Barbora Mieslerová, Ph.D. doc. RNDr. Bohumil Trávníček, Ph.D. Ing. Jiří Bezdíček, Ph.D. RNDr. Alois Čelechovský, Ph.D. RNDr. Martin Duchoslav, Ph.D. RNDr. Ivana Fellnerová, Ph.D. RNDr. Zbyněk Hradílek, Ph.D. Mgr. Miloš Krist, Ph.D. RNDr. Robin Kundrata, Ph.D. Mgr. Beata Matysioková, Ph.D. RNDr. Božena Navrátilová, Ph.D. RNDr. Vladimír Uvíra, Dr. RNDr. Ivona Uvírová, Ph.D. RNDr. Miroslav Zeidler, Ph.D. prof. RNDr. František Krahulec, CSc. – Botanický ústav AV ČR Průhonice prof. RNDr. Vladimír Šimek, CSc. – Masarykova univerzita v Brně prof. RNDr. Jaromír Vaňhara, CSc. – Masarykova univerzita v Brně Poznámky Věnujte pozornost pokynům uvedeným v dokumentu: "Pravidla pro bakalářské státní závěrečné zkoušky" (http://www.zoologie.upol.cz/vyuka.htm) U všech taxonomických otázek u všech systematických předmětů bude examinátor automaticky očekávat – kromě témat zdůrazněných v otázkách –, že odpověď bude zahrnovat: 1) charakteristiku skupiny (s důrazem na významné evoluční novinky a apomorfní znaky), 2) zástupce (druhy, rody, čeledě ...) 3) fylogenetické vztahy (např. kladogram – podle probírané látky). Předmět Ekologie rostlin a živočichů (ZOO/SZZEZ) Okruh Ekologie rostlin 1. Obecné zákonitosti v ekologii rostlin (základní zákony, nika) a mechanismy evoluce. 2. Fotosyntéza a její ekologické souvislosti. 3. Světelné záření jako ekologický faktor a adaptace rostlin. 4. Tepelná bilance rostlin a adaptace rostlin. -
Pelagiella Exigua, an Early Cambrian Stem Gastropod With
[Palaeontology, Vol. 63, Part 4, 2020, pp. 601–627] PELAGIELLA EXIGUA,ANEARLYCAMBRIAN STEM GASTROPOD WITH CHAETAE: LOPHOTROCHOZOAN HERITAGE AND CONCHIFERAN NOVELTY by ROGER D. K. THOMAS1 , BRUCE RUNNEGAR2 and KERRY MATT3 1Department of Earth & Environment, Franklin & Marshall College, PO Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA; [email protected] 2Department of Earth, Planetary, & Space Sciences & Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA 3391 Redwood Drive, Lancaster, PA 17603-4232, USA Typescript received 8 October 2018; accepted in revised form 4 December 2019 Abstract: Exceptionally well-preserved impressions of two appendages were anterior–lateral, based on their probable bundles of bristles protrude from the apertures of small, functions, prompts a new reconstruction of the anatomy of spiral shells of Pelagiella exigua, recovered from the Kinzers Pelagiella, with a mainly anterior mantle cavity. Under this Formation (Cambrian, Stage 4, ‘Olenellus Zone’, c. 512 Ma) hypothesis, two lateral–dorsal grooves, uniquely preserved of Pennsylvania. These impressions are inferred to represent in Pelagiella atlantoides, are interpreted as sites of attach- clusters of chitinous chaetae, comparable to those borne by ment for a long left ctenidium and a short one, anteriorly annelid parapodia and some larval brachiopods. They pro- on the right. The orientation of Pelagiella and the asymme- vide an affirmative test in the early metazoan fossil record try of its gills, comparable to features of several living veti- of the inference, from phylogenetic analyses of living taxa, gastropods, nominate it as the earliest fossil mollusc known that chitinous chaetae are a shared early attribute of the to exhibit evidence of the developmental torsion character- Lophotrochozoa. -
Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca Shell, Body, and Muscles
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 25 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder Shell, Body, and Muscles Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781351115667-3 Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder Published online on: 01 Nov 2019 How to cite :- Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder. 01 Nov 2019, Shell, Body, and Muscles from: Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca CRC Press Accessed on: 25 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781351115667-3 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 3 Shell, Body, and Muscles In this chapter, we provide an overview of the external body on the taxon. -
Insights Into Lophotrochozoan Evolution and the Origin of Morphological Novelties from Brachiopod, Phoronid, and Nemertean Genomes
Insights into lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of morphological novelties from brachiopod, phoronid, and nemertean genomes Author Yi-Jyun Luo Degree Conferral 2017-08-14 Date Degree Doctor of Philosophy Degree Referral 38005甲第5号 Number Copyright (C) 2017 The Author Information URL http://doi.org/10.15102/1394.00000168 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Thesis submitted for the degree Doctorate of Philosophy Insights into lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of morphological novelties from brachiopod, phoronid, and nemertean genomes by Yi-Jyun Luo Supervisor: Noriyuki Satoh March, 2017 Declaration of Original and Sole Authorship I, Yi-Jyun Luo, declare that this thesis entitled “Insights into lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of morphological novelties from brachiopod, phoronid, and nemertean genomes” and the data presented in it are original and my own work. I confirm that: • No part of this work has previously been submitted for a degree at this or any other university. • References to the work of others have been clearly acknowledged. Quotations from the work of others have been clearly indicated, and attributed to them. • In cases where others have contributed to part of this work, such contribution has been clearly acknowledged and distinguished from my own work. • None of this work has been previously published elsewhere, with the exception of the following: (*Corresponding author) Luo YJ*, Takeuchi T, Koyanagi R, Yamada L, Kanda M, Khalturina M, Fujie M, Yamasaki S, Endo K, Satoh N* (2015) The Lingula genome provides insights into brachiopod evolution and the origin of phosphate biomineralization. Nature Communications 6, 8301. Luo YJ*, Satoh N, Endo K (2015) Mitochondrial gene order variation in the brachiopod Lingula anatina and its implications for mitochondrial evolution in lophotrochozoans. -
Horizontal Transfer and Gene Loss Shaped the Evolution of Alpha-Amylases in Bilaterians Andrea Desiderato, Marcos Barbeitos, Clément Gilbert, Jean-Luc Da Lage
Horizontal transfer and gene loss shaped the evolution of alpha-amylases in bilaterians Andrea Desiderato, Marcos Barbeitos, Clément Gilbert, Jean-Luc da Lage To cite this version: Andrea Desiderato, Marcos Barbeitos, Clément Gilbert, Jean-Luc da Lage. Horizontal transfer and gene loss shaped the evolution of alpha-amylases in bilaterians. G3, Genetics Society of America, 2020, 10 (2), pp.709-719. 10.1534/g3.119.400826. hal-02401035 HAL Id: hal-02401035 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02401035 Submitted on 9 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Horizontal transfer and gene loss shaped the evolution of alpha-amylases in 2 bilaterians 3 4 5 Andrea Desiderato*†, Marcos Barbeitos *, Clément Gilbert‡, Jean-Luc Da Lage‡ 6 7 *: Graduate Program in Zoology, Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, CP 8 19020, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil 9 †: Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute & Helmholtz Centre for 10 Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 11 12 ‡: Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie. CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud. 13 Université Paris-Saclay. F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 14 15 16 17 18 19 Abstract 20 The subfamily GH13_1 of alpha-amylases is typical of Fungi, but it is also found in some 21 unicellular eukaryotes (e.g. -
On 20 Years of Lophotrochozoa
Org Divers Evol (2016) 16:329–343 DOI 10.1007/s13127-015-0261-3 REVIEW On 20 years of Lophotrochozoa Kevin M. Kocot1 Received: 15 July 2015 /Accepted: 27 December 2015 /Published online: 16 January 2016 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2016 Abstract Lophotrochozoa is a protostome clade that includes studies must identify and reduce sources of systematic error, disparate animals such as molluscs, annelids, bryozoans, and such as amino acid compositional heterogeneity and long- flatworms, giving it the distinction of including the most body branch attraction. Still, other approaches such as the analysis plans of any of the three major clades of Bilateria. This ex- of rare genomic changes may be needed to overcome chal- treme morphological disparity has prompted numerous con- lenges to standard phylogenomic approaches. Resolving flicting phylogenetic hypotheses about relationships among lophotrochozoan phylogeny will provide important insight in- lophotrochozoan phyla. Here, I review the current understand- to how these complex and diverse body plans evolved and ing of lophotrochozoan phylogeny with emphasis on recent provide a much-needed framework for comparative studies. insights gained through approaches taking advantage of high- throughput DNA sequencing (phylogenomics). Of signifi- Keywords Lophotrochozoa . Spiralia . Trochozoa . cance, Platyzoa, a hypothesized clade of mostly small- Lophophorata . Platyzoa . Phylogenomic bodied animals, appears to be an artifact of long-branch attrac- tion. Recent studies recovered Gnathifera -
Mollusca, Brachiozoa
fylogeneze Lophotrochozoa Mollusca, Brachiozoa Lophotrochozoa: Ectoprocta Gastrotricha Ecdysozoa Platyhelminthes Kamptozoa Gnathifera Nemertea, Sipunculida, Annelida - Platyzoa Mollusca, Brachiozoa © Horsák fylogeneze Lophotrochozoa Mollusca, Brachiozoa Mollusca + Brachiozoa Mollusca Annelida + … Phoronida Craniiformea Linguliformea „Brachiopoda“ Rhynchoneliformea - Brachiozoa © Horsák charakteristika Lophotrochozoa Mollusca Mollusca - měkkýši molluscus = měkký . především mořští, ale i sladkovodní a suchozemští, 100 000 druhů, druhý nejbohatší taxon po členovcích . hřbetní stranu chrání vápenaté jehlice (Aplacophora), destičky (Polyplacophora) nebo nejčastěji schránka – vše ektodermálního původu . měkkýši jsou tak bohatý taxon, že žádná skupina nepředstavuje „obecného měkkýše“ v tělním uspořádání . v dnešní fauně existuje 7 základních anatomicky velmi odlišných skupin měkkýšů: červovci Aplacophora chroustnatky Polyplacophora přílipkovci Tryblidia plži Gastropoda hlavonožci Cephalopoda, kelnatky Scaphopoda mlži Bivalvia charakteristika Lophotrochozoa Mollusca Mollusca - měkkýši útrobní vak . tělo tvoří tři oddíly: hlava noha hlava útrobní vak noha . unikátním orgánem jsou párové žábry (ktenidia) tvořené dvěma řadami hřebínků a párem osfradií . jinde nevídaný orgán je radula – ohebný pás ztloustlé chitinoproteinové kutikuly. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLVDwlrSq5U . klasická druhotná tělní dutina célom není vytvořena (ani embryonálně nevzniká), zachována pouze jako dutina perikardia, pravděpodobně také okolo gonád a vylučovacích orgánů -
The New View of Animal Phylogeny
31 Oct 2004 12:33 AR AR229-ES35-09.tex AR229-ES35-09.sgm LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GJB 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130124 Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2004. 35:229–56 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130124 Copyright c 2004 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on September 2, 2004 THE NEW VIEW OF ANIMAL PHYLOGENY Kenneth M. Halanych Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849; email: [email protected] KeyWords Metazoa, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Deuterostomia, Cambrian explosion ■ Abstract Molecular tools have profoundly rearranged our understanding of meta- zoan phylogeny. Initially based on the nuclear small ribosomal subunit (SSU or 18S) gene, recent hypotheses have been corroborated by several sources of data (including the nuclear large ribosomal subunit, Hox genes, mitochondrial gene order, concate- nated mitochondrial genes, and the myosin II heavy chain gene). Herein, the evidence supporting our current understanding is discussed on a clade by clade basis. Bilate- rian animals consist of three clades: Deuterostomia, Lophotrochozoa, and Ecdyso- zoa. Each clade is supported by molecular and morphological data. Deuterostomia is smaller than traditionally recognized, consisting of hemichordates, echinoderms, chor- dates, and Xenoturbella (an enigmatic worm-like animal). Lophotrochozoa groups ani- mals with a lophophore feeding apparatus (Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Phoronida) and trochophore larvae (e.g., annelids and mollusk), as well as several other recognized phyla (e.g., platyhelminthes, sipunculans, nemerteans). Ecdysozoa comprises molting animals (e.g., arthropods, nematodes, tardigrades, priapulids), grouping together two major model organisms (Drosophila and Caenorhabditis)inthe same lineage. -
Entomological Enigmas and New Approach in Insect Morphology 9.00 Ernst A
Systematics 2008, Göttingen 8:30 – 12:00 Room 010 Opening and Plenary Session I Progress in deep phylogeny 13:30–15:00 15:30–16:30 Session 1 Session 4 Room 009 Insect phylogeny Phylogenomics of lower Metazoa Session 2 Session 5 Room 008 Plant phylogeny I Plant phylogeny II Session 3 Session 6 Tuesday, 8 April Room 007 Speciation Reticulate evolution I Session 7 Room 006 Taxonomy and classification 8:30 – 12:00 Room 010 Plenary session II Speciation and phylogeography 13:30–15:00 15:30–16:30 Session 8 Session 12 Room 009 Animal phylogeny and Animal classification phylogeography Session 9 Session 13 Room 008 Plant Plant phylogeography I phylogeography II Session 10 Session 14 Wednesday, 9 April Room 007 Radiation Reticulate evolution II Session 11 Session 15 Room 006 Taxonomy Palaeontology and barcoding 8:30 – 12:00 Room 010 Plenary session III New trends in biological systematics 13:30–15:00 15:30–17:00 Session 16 Session 19 Room 009 Biogeography Biogeography and evolution I and evolution II Session 17 Session 20 Room 008 Structure and Structure and evolution – animals evolution – plants Thursday, 10 April Session 18 Session 21 Room 007 Phylogeny of Molecular early land plants evolution Systematics 2008 Göttingen, Programme and Abstracts This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License 2.0 “by-nc-nd”, allowing you to download, distribute and print the document in a few copies for private or educational use, given that the document stays unchanged and the creator is mentioned. Commercial use is not covered by the licence.