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S.3 TERM TWO IRE 225/1 BATTLES Explain the Causes of The ─ S.3 TERM TWO IRE 225/1 BATTLES Explain the causes of the confrontation / clash / conflict / hostility between the Muslims and Meccans in (624AD/2AH), (625AD/3AH), (627AD/5AH) General causes (Badr (624AD/2AH), Uhud (625AD/3AH)and Ditch (627AD/5AH) 1. Continued hatred and hostility in the hearts of the Meccans 2. Desire to destroy Islam by the Meccans. 3. Meccans hoped to get support from the communities living between Mecca and Medina 4. Presence of war mongers on the side of Meccans 5. Muslims desire to defend their religion from the mischiefs of the Meccans 6. Permission to fight had been granted to the Muslims in the Quran 1 7. Ever growing influence of Muslims in Medina was envied by the Meccans 8. Meccans feared Medina to grow and over shadow Mecca since it had become a base for the Muslims. SPECIFIC CAUSES (add them to the general causes) Badr 624AD / 2AH Uhud 625AD /3AH Ditch 627AD /5AH Trench / Kandahar 1. Alleged rumour 1. Meccans action 1. of the capturing of grazing their of the Meccan animals on the trade caravan corn fields of the Muslims. 2. To avenge the sudden escape 2. Meccans need of the prophet to avenge their by the meccans defeat at badr 3. To punish the 3. Need by Hindu Yathribites for to avenge the helping the death of her prophet and relative killed by Muslims Hamza at Badr 4. Disappointment of Abdullah Bin 4. Closure of the Ubbay who was trade route to going to be the shami after the battle of Badr leader of medina 5. Jews were not happy with the Muslims victory at Badr 2 COURSE OF THE BATTLES FORMAT TO BADR UHUD DITCH FOLLOW 1. This was the first It was the 2nd battle It was the 3rd battle battle fought fought between the fought between the between the Muslims and Meccans Muslims and the Definition Muslims and at the plains of the hills Meccans in 627AD 2 Meccans in 624AD of Uhud 3 miles North of years after the battle of two years after the medina city. Uhud great Hejira 2. It was fought on the 17th of Ramadhan in the valley of Badr a few miles away from Medina The major cause of the The major cause of the Major cause battle was the alleged battle The Meccans still had rumour that the prophet The Meccans action of their desire to completely had captured a trade grazing their animals on destroy Islam caravan led by the corn fields of the AbuSufiyan to Shami. Muslims 3 1. Prophet 1. On hearing of the 1. On getting the news Muhammad called news of the of the matching of for a meeting with matching of the the Meccan army his companions. Meccan army, towards Medina, prophet met his Preparations 2. They agreed and companions and prophet met his before the raised an army of raised an army of companions. battle 313 men, 70 1000 men. camels, 12 horses 2. However the 2. They agreed to fight number was a defensive battle reduced to 700 by within Medina 300 deserters led by Abdullah Bin 3. A Persian slave Ubbayy Muslim convert called Salman Farsi brought an idea of digging a trench 4. A trench was dug, wide enough and deep to prevent an attack on foot or on horseback to jump over. 4 Before the battle begun, 1. Prophet instructed 1. Divided the Muslim the prophet took care of the Muslims to army into 3 ie one Prophet’s the strategic places at keep certain part was to guard action before Badr ie water ways and positions at the the trench the battle narrow pathes Prophet hills of Uhud in 2. 2nd was to guard allowed the Meccans to order to avoid the other part of first drink water before surprise attacks. the city. the battle. 5 sand in the archers had left fire, boil a pot or build direction of the guard of the a tent enemy mountain pass 6. This confusion 8. This made couldn’t be handled their ground 3. Khalid by the enemy and slippery and ordered his all the allies gave chance to men to 7. Its at this point that the Muslims to attack their leader Abu defeat them Sufiyan told them to 9. Muslims 4. During re-treat pressed them this time 8. The battle was won by so hard until even the the muslims as Allah they were defeated prophet failed the evil 10. Meccans stood un plan of the suffered a lot of guarded Meccans casualties including and was hit Abu jahl who was 5. News killed spread that 11. Their evil plan he was of destroying killed but islam ended in after realizing he failure was still alive, they gathered and 6 shielded him 6. Hamza was killed during this confusion and many other Muslims 7. However, they later reorganized and 7 8 repelled the enemy 12. Before the Meccans left they cut the bodies of the fallen soldiers. 13. Muslims lost the battle 9 EFFECTS OF THE BATTLES Explain the outcomes of the clash/confrontation/conflict/battle BADR UHUD DITCH 10 0. Showed that should have regular as protectors of the victory doesn’t army devine mission depend on 1. SThe banu Nadir 7. Was an indication that numerical strength were expelled from Allah was the but rather on medina guardian of Islam courage and 2. Showed the role 8. Weakened the hearts determination. of women in battles of non-believers and eg saphina Hamza’s they feared Muslims 1. Showed God was sister helped in more always on the side burying the fallen 9. Meccans lost their of the Muslims prestige again after Muslims 3. Led to loss of being defeated by the lives eg Hamza muslims 2. Showed the art of 4. Meccans 10. Muslims war that the regained their collected a lot of war prophet had prestige they had booty lost at badr 11. Loss of lives and 3. Showed the 5. Led to revelation property especially on kindness of the prophet of Quran 3:4 the side of the as he allowed the enemy legalizing polygamy Meccans to take water before the due to the 12. Showed the new battle heavy death toll method of fighting 6. Loss of lives and brought by the 4. Showed that the property on both muslims prophet and sides 13. Marked the end of the Jewish threat 11 Muslims should 7. Weakened the on Muslims in Madina have a regular believers as the as the Banu army protectors of the devine mission 5. Showed that 8. Increased the islam had come to enemy activity on the stay Muslims 12 6. Lowered the 17. Victory at uhud was Khurayza were military position of celebrated and rejoiced destroyed Meccans in Arabia in mecca 14. Showed that Islam had come 7. Loss of lives and to stay property especially on 15. Victory was the side of the Meccans celebrated by the Muslims and 8. Muslims even regained collected a lot of war their prestige. booty 13 Explain the reasons why the enemy was defeated BADR UNEB (2011) 1. Meccans were too confident and underestimated the Muslims 2. Muslims knew their weakness and fought courageously 3. Hope by Muslims that if they died in war, they would enter paradise 4. Muslims fought with great determination 5. Meccans were disunited eg a section led by Abu-Sufiyan was against the battle 6. Muslims were united and well organized 7. Prophet’s action of controlling the key and strategic places. 8. Angels fought on the side of the Muslims. 9. The storm that came and blew hot sand in the faces of the Meccans 10. The miracle at Badr wetted the meccan ground and became slippery 11. Muslims followed the orders of the Prophet 12. Muslims had strong men that won the single combart eg Ali, Umar etc 13. God was on the side of the Muslims. 14. The man commanding the Muslim army was the most loved by God. DITCH () 1. Method of fighting of digging the trench was unique 2. Muslims were sufficiently organized 3. Man commanding the Muslim army was the most loved by God 4. Rains and winds blew in the circles of the enemy. 5. The enemy was highly disorganized with in their ranks 6. Prophet had superior information service./spy network 7. Relative unity and discipline among Muslims 14 8. Various groups of the enemy lacked confidence 9. Muslims enjoyed home advantage at the expense of the enemy 10. Muslims had learnt a lesson at Uhud not to disobey the prophet. 11. Prophet’s action of dividing the army into 3 groups. 12. Muslims had strong men on their side eg Ali, umar among others 13. Conversion of Naim Bin Masud to Islam caused mistrust between the jews and the Quraish 14. Muslims threw arrows at the enemy to prevent them from entering the city 15. Weak Meccan economy due to the continued closure of the trade route to shami. TREATIES/CHARTER TERMS/CONTENT 15 Medina (UNEB 2016) 10. No one was to go to war without the permission of Introduction was a document the prophet written between Muslims and 11. A believer shall not kill the nonMuslims in medina to another believer nor support guarantee political, religious a believer against a believer and economic freedom in 623 AD 12. Those who commited crimes were not to be 1. Ansars and migrants were to protected by the charter form one political group 13. No woman would get called Ummah married without permission 2.
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