The Texas Revolution in Nacogdoches

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Texas Revolution in Nacogdoches The Texas Revolution in Nacogdoches Scan this QR code with your smart phone to see more information about The Texas Revolution in Nacogdoches Misty Hurley, a Graduate If you do not have a QR Student in Public History at Stephen F. Austin State code scanner, you may University, created this visit the following brochure as part of her thesis website for more on cemetery preservation and information: creation of interpretive http://www.sfasu.edu/ materials connecting Oak Grove Cemetery of heritagecenter/7042.asp Nacogdoches with historic sites, museums, artifacts, and archival records. The Texas Revolution is significant in the history of Nacogdoches because citizens of Nacogdoches The First Shots served in the Texan This project has been created of the Texas Army and signed the in conjunction with the Texas Declaration of Center for Regional Heritage Revolution Independence. Research at SFASU. Photograph courtesy of the East Texas Research Center. Government passed the Law of April 6, 1830 The large number of Anglos entering Texas which closed the borders of Texas to immigrants, Visit these sites in the early 1800s, either with the sponsorship of an suspended all land grants, required all trade to be empressario or illegally, began to worry the conducted with Mexico, and allowed the associated with Mexican government who noticed that settlers were Mexican government to collect customs. The the Texas not taking their oaths of allegiance and agreements reaction of Texans to the Law of April 6, 1830, is with the government seriously. Individuals who called the Disturbances of 1832, is considered the Revolution in made their homes here at this time include future beginning of the Texas Revolution. Texas Revolutionaries such as Sam Houston, Nacogdoches Thomas J. Rusk, Haden Edwards, Charles S. Instead of bringing their weapons into town to Taylor, and Adolphus Sterne. turn in, as commanded by General Piedras, East Texans came to town to fight. Starting on August The Stone Fort Museum The Fredonian Rebellion 2, 1832, the Battle of Nacogdoches took place – Griffith Street on the over the course of two days and in downtown campus of Stephen F. Haden Edwards, an empressario with land Nacogdoches. As the Texans gained ground, Austin State University grants around Nacogdoches, embodied many of the Piedras fled to the Angelina River where he was government’s fears. Edwards and other captured and forced to surrender, putting an end Battle of Nacogdoches empressarios were reluctant or downright refused to the battle. to honor previous Mexican and Spanish land and Fredonian Rebellion Historical Markers and grants. Another reason Edwards was disliked was The Texas Revolution his meddling in Nacogdoches’s politics, much to plaques located around the disdain of many citizens, who complained to While no battles of the Texas Revolution took the Visitor’s Center – 200 the Mexican government. The Mexican place in Nacogdoches, citizens of Nacogdoches East Main St. government revoked the Edwards brothers’ grant. had an important part in the struggle. Sam The brothers determined that the only way to get Houston and Adolphus Sterne signed a treaty The Sterne-Hoya House their land back would be to break away from the with the local Native American tribes to prevent Museum – 211 South Mexican government and establish their own war with the tribes while Texans were fighting Lanana St. republic, the Republic of Fredonia. Upon hearing Mexican forces. Sterne also gathered and funded about this uprising, the Mexican government sent the New Orleans Greys who fought and died in The Red House historical troops to Nacogdoches, but the closer the troops the battle of the Alamo and at Goliad. Locals marker – 115 South St. came to the town, the less support the brothers Thomas J. Rusk, Charles Taylor, John S. Roberts, retained and the members of the uprising fled. and Robert Potter served on the provisional Texas Revolutionaries’ government of 1836, and Rusk became Secretary graves at Oak Grove The Battle of Nacogdoches of War and served as leader of the Texan Army at San Jacinto after Sam Houston was wounded. Cemetery - North Lanana The Fredonia Rebellion left the Mexican St. government and its Texas settlers uneasy and suspicious of one another. The Mexican .
Recommended publications
  • “I Go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence
    “I go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by James Robert Griffin August 2021 ©Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by James Robert Griffin B.S., Kent State University, 2019 M.A., Kent State University, 2021 Approved by Kim M. Gruenwald , Advisor Kevin Adams , Chair, Department of History Mandy Munro-Stasiuk , Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………...……iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………v INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………..1 CHAPTERS I. Building a Colony: Austin leads the Texans Through the Difficulty of Settling Texas….9 Early Colony……………………………………………………………………………..11 The Fredonian Rebellion…………………………………………………………………19 The Law of April 6, 1830………………………………………………………………..25 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….32 II. Time of Struggle: Austin Negotiates with the Conventions of 1832 and 1833………….35 Civil War of 1832………………………………………………………………………..37 The Convention of 1833…………………………………………………………………47 Austin’s Arrest…………………………………………………………………………...52 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….59 III. Two Wars: Austin Guides the Texans from Rebellion to Independence………………..61 Imprisonment During a Rebellion……………………………………………………….63 War is our Only Resource……………………………………………………………….70 The Second War…………………………………………………………………………78 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….85
    [Show full text]
  • Stephenville Curriculum Document Social Studies Grade: 7 Course: Texas History Bundle (Unit) 5 Est
    STEPHENVILLE CURRICULUM DOCUMENT SOCIAL STUDIES GRADE: 7 COURSE: TEXAS HISTORY BUNDLE (UNIT) 5 EST. NUMBER OF DAYS: 20 UNIT 5 NAME REVOLUTION AND REPUBLIC With tensions increasing between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas, diplomacy gave way to Unit Overview Narrative inevitable conflict that erupted into war. Emerging victorious, Texas separated itself from Mexico and became its own Republic. Generalizations/Enduring Understandings Concepts Guiding/Essential Questions Learning Targets Formative Assessments Summative Assessments TEKS Specifications (1) History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in Texas history. The Texans earned their independence from Mexico student is expected to: (A) identify the major eras in Texas history, Events: describe their defining characteristics, and Battle of Gonzales explain why historians divide the past into eras, Alamo TEKS (Grade Level) / Specifications including Natural Texas and its People; Age of Goliad Massacre Contact; Spanish Colonial; Mexican National; Battle of San Jacinto Revolution and Republic; Early Statehood; Texas Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in the Civil War and Reconstruction; Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads; Age of Oil; Texas in the People: Great Depression and World War II; Civil Rights Sam Houston and Conservatism; and Contemporary Texas; William B. Travis (B) apply absolute and relative chronology James Fannin through the sequencing of significant Antonio López de Santa Anna individuals, events, and time periods; Juan N. Seguín (C) explain the significance of the following 1836- Texans earned their independence from Mexico dates: 1519, mapping of the Texas coast and through a series of events including the siege of the Alamo, first mainland Spanish settlement; 1718, the massacre at Goliad, and the battle of San Jacinto.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14: the Young State
    LoneThe Star State 1845–1876 Why It Matters As you study Unit 5, you will learn that the time from when Texas became a state until it left the Union and was later readmitted was an eventful period. Long-standing problems, such as the public debt and relations with Mexico, were settled. The tragedy of the Civil War and the events of Reconstruction shaped Texas politics for many years. Primary Sources Library See pages 692–693 for primary source readings to accompany Unit 5. Cowboy Dance by Jenne Magafan (1939) was commissioned for the Anson, Texas, post office to honor the day Texas was admitted to the Union as the twenty-eighth state. Today this study can be seen at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C. 316 “I love Texas too well to bring strife and bloodshed upon her.” —Sam Houston, “Address to the People,” 1861 CHAPTER XX Chapter Title GEOGRAPHY&HISTORY KKINGING CCOTTONOTTON 1910 1880 Cotton Production 1880--1974 Bales of Cotton (Per County) Looking at the 1880 map, you can see 25,000 to more than 100,000 By 1910, cotton farming had spread that cotton farming only took place in into central and West Texas. Where East Texas during this time. Why do 1,000 to was production highest? you think this was so? 24,999 999 or less Cotton has been “king” throughout most of Texas 1800s, the cotton belt spread westward as new tech- history. Before the Civil War it was the mainstay of the nologies emerged. Better, stronger plows made it eas- economy.
    [Show full text]
  • LOTS of LAND PD Books PD Commons
    PD Commons From the collection of the n ^z m PrelingerTi I a JjibraryJj San Francisco, California 2006 PD Books PD Commons LOTS OF LAND PD Books PD Commons Lotg or ^ 4 I / . FROM MATERIAL COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE OF TEXAS BASCOM GILES WRITTEN BY CURTIS BISHOP DECORATIONS BY WARREN HUNTER The Steck Company Austin Copyright 1949 by THE STECK COMPANY, AUSTIN, TEXAS All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. PRINTED AND BOUND IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PD Books PD Commons Contents \ I THE EXPLORER 1 II THE EMPRESARIO 23 Ml THE SETTLER 111 IV THE FOREIGNER 151 V THE COWBOY 201 VI THE SPECULATOR 245 . VII THE OILMAN 277 . BASCOM GILES PD Books PD Commons Pref<ace I'VE THOUGHT about this book a long time. The subject is one naturally very dear to me, for I have spent all of my adult life in the study of land history, in the interpretation of land laws, and in the direction of the state's land business. It has been a happy and interesting existence. Seldom a day has passed in these thirty years in which I have not experienced a new thrill as the files of the General Land Office revealed still another appealing incident out of the history of the Texas Public Domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9 Define 1. States' Rights
    Chapter 9 Define 1. States’ rights – Theory that a _________ could choose whether to obey or enforce federal laws. 2. Nationalist – a person who __________ policies that _________ national interests. 3. Provision – A specific ___________________ set by a law. 4. Customs duty – a ______ that is collected on ________ that are taken into our out of a country. 5. Allegiance - ________________ 6. Centralist – a supporter of ___________ national government and _______ state power. 7. Resolution – a formal statement of a __________, ____________ or course of action by an official group. 8. Delegate – a person who ____________ others. 9. Faction – a group of ____________ who share a viewpoint on an issue. 10. Siege- a lengthy military __________ on a fortified place. 11. Provisional government – a group of ________ who make laws and provide services on a ____________ basis. Identify Section 1 1. Haden Edwards – received empresarial _________, but the grant was taken away 2. Fredonian Rebellion – Clash between___________ colonists and the Mexican government 3. Manuel Mier y Teran – a commander sent to investigate the ___________ in Texas. 4. Law of April 6, 1830 – outlawed ______________ from the US to Texas and cancelled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled. Section 2 12. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna – launched a revolution in _______ against President Bustamante. 13. John Davis Bradburn – Mexican official that was directed to __________ laws 14. Anahuac – location of the customs house on _____________ Bay 15. Turtle Bayou Resolutions – resolutions where colonist pledged their _________ to Mexico and support for Santa Anna 16. Battle of Velasco – first battle where __________ and Mexican soldiers shot at each other 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
    Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] [Greek Map of the Americas.] ΧΑΡΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΚ ΤΟΥ ΑΤΛΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΗΡ. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ 1861. [Map of the Americas... Lazaridou in Athens 1861] Stock#: 55792 Map Maker: Lazaridou Date: 1861 Place: Athens Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG- Size: 19 x 25 inches Price: $ 1,900.00 Description: Fredonia in Texas! Fascinating Greek Map of the Americas, Published in Athens During the American Civil War. Lithographed folding map of the Americas entirely in Greek. Published in Athens by Lazaridou in 1861, during the American Civil War. The map features interesting cartographic eccentricities: In Ohio, the authors have placed "Philadelphia" and a river to the flowing northward to the east of it, and having been convinced of their error, they crossed both out, rather than erasing them from the matrix. The Missouri River is mislabeled the Mississippi River. Drawer Ref: America 2 Stock#: 55792 Page 1 of 3 Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] [Greek Map of the Americas.] ΧΑΡΤΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΑΜΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΚ ΤΟΥ ΑΤΛΑΝΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΗΡ. ΛΑΖΑΡΙΔΟΥ ΕΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΣ 1861. [Map of the Americas... Lazaridou in Athens 1861] The Texan Gulf Coast is labeled "Fredonia". A late example of that appellation. Elsewhere the toponyms adhere more closely to the conventions of the time: Alaska is Russian America. In the American West, there is New California, New Mexico, and Oregon.
    [Show full text]
  • John Sprowl & the Failed Fredonian Rebellion
    East Texas Historical Journal Volume 48 Issue 2 Article 6 10-2010 The Road from Nacogdoches to Natchitoches: John Sprowl & the Failed Fredonian Rebellion Rick Sherrod Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Sherrod, Rick (2010) "The Road from Nacogdoches to Natchitoches: John Sprowl & the Failed Fredonian Rebellion," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 48 : Iss. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol48/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Road/rom Nacogdoches to Natchitoches: John Sprowl & the Failed Fredonian Rebellion By RICK SHERROD bit more than one hundred miles ofthe old EI Camino Real separated Natchitoches, the most important Aninetccnth century town in northwest Louisiana, from Nacogdoches, the oldest continuously inhabited city within the currcnt borders ofTexas. The story ofeach city's founding is rooted in a fascinating (iffanciful) Caddo legend about twin brothers. To forestall any future conflict between the families of his two sons, a Caddo chief instructed the twins to depart their tribal home on the Sabine. The brother "Natchitoches" traveled three days toward the rising sun while the other twin, HNacogdoches," journeyed three days to the west. In each respective location, both men raised their families and developed settlements. With sufficient insulation to prevent frictions over rights to hunting grounds, "the two brothers remained friendly and the road between the two communities was well traveled."1 Regular nlovement between the two settlements continued long after the Indian population of the area had vanished.
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Revolution [7Th Grade] Katharine Givens Trinity University
    Trinity University Digital Commons @ Trinity Understanding by Design: Complete Collection Understanding by Design 8-30-2005 Texas Revolution [7th grade] Katharine Givens Trinity University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/educ_understandings Part of the Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching Commons Repository Citation Givens, Katharine, "Texas Revolution [7th grade]" (2005). Understanding by Design: Complete Collection. 2. http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/educ_understandings/2 This Instructional Material is brought to you for free and open access by the Understanding by Design at Digital Commons @ Trinity. For more information about this unie, please contact the author(s): . For information about the series, including permissions, please contact the administrator: [email protected]. Education Department Understanding by Design Curriculum Units Trinity University Year Texas Revolution Katharine Givens Trinity University, This paper is posted at Digital Commons@Trinity. http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/lesson/7 UNDERSTANDING BY DESIGN Unit Cover Page Unit Title: Texas Revolution Grade Level: 7 th Subject/Topic Area(s): Texas History Designed By: Katharine Givens Time Frame: 4 weeks School District (One Designer): NISD School: Sul Ross Middle Scho ol School Address and Phone: 3630 Callaghan San Antonio, TX 78228 (210) 397 -6350 Brief Summary of Unit (Including curricular context and unit goals): This unit focuses on the road to the Texas Revolution and the Texas Revolution. The unit begins with Students learning the causes of the Texas Revolution as well as the events that led up to the war . The unit will also focus on the people who were involved in the Texas Revolution. The road to revolution will end with students completing a letter writing activity in which they take on the role of a person living in Texas or Mexico before the revolut ion and write letters about the problems they are facing.
    [Show full text]
  • Tensions Mount Between Mexico and Texas
    198 11/18/02 9:27 AM Page 190 Tensions Mount Between Why It Matters Now 1 The issue of immigration continues to cause conflict today between Mexico and Texas the United States and Mexico. TERMS & NAMES OBJECTIVES MAIN IDEA Constitution of 1824, 1. Explain why tensions arose between Not long after colonization began states’ rights, nationalist, the Mexican government and the Texas in Texas, conflicts erupted between Haden Edwards, Fredonian settlers. the Mexican government and the Rebellion, Manuel Mier y 2. Identify the events that led to the passage colonists. Even though Mexican Terán, Law of April 6, 1830, of the Law of April 6, 1830. officials attempted to control the provision, customs duty 3. Describe the effect that the Law of April 6, conflicts, their efforts served to 1830, had on Texas colonists. anger and unify the colonists. WHAT Would You Do? Imagine that you recently arrived in Texas from the Write your response United States. You have friends and family who hope to Interact with History to join you in Texas soon. You have sworn to adopt in your Texas Notebook. the Mexican culture and follow the rules required of all Mexican citizens. The Mexican government is considering closing the border to American settlers in order to preserve the Mexican way of life. Would you Mexican passport try to adapt to the Mexican culture? In what ways? What would you tell your family in the United States? Differences Arise The new colonists in Texas busied themselves building homes and starting their life in a new land. The settlers who came from the United States also had to adjust to living in a country with its own laws and government.
    [Show full text]
  • The Preservation of Oak Grove Cemetery for Heritage Tourism Interpretation in Nacogdoches, Texas
    Bringing New Life to an Old Cemetery: The Preservation of Oak Grove Cemetery for Heritage Tourism Interpretation in Nacogdoches, Texas By Misty Lynn Hurley, Bachelor of Arts Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Stephen F. Austin State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2013 Bringing New Life to an Old Cemetery: The Preservation of Oak Grove Cemetery for Heritage Tourism Interpretation in Nacogdoches, Texas By Misty Lynn Hurley, Bachelor of Arts APPROVED: _________________________________________ Perky Beisel, Thesis Director _________________________________________ Chay Runnels, Committee Member _________________________________________ Paul J.P. Sandul, Committee Member _________________________________________ M. Scott Sosebee, Committee Member _________________________________________ Mary Nelle Brunson, Ed.D. Associate Provost and Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Nacogdoches is known as the oldest town in Texas and as the location of some of the first shots fired of the Texas Revolution. Visitors travel to the city to learn about this exciting period in history but are rarely exposed to a rich array of events in subsequent years or the variety of resources off the beaten path. This thesis connects individuals from the Texas Revolution through the mid-twentieth century who are buried in Oak Grove Cemetery with historic sites, structures, artifacts, and documents associated with them through a set of interpretative materials. By connecting these resources, tourists have the encouragement to explore a wider range of historic topics that are usually passed by. Through this information, this thesis emphasizes the role of Oak Grove Cemetery as a heritage tourism resource and the importance of cemetery preservation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of the Texas Empresarios
    LESSON PLAN GONE TO TEXAS: THE STORY OF THE TEXAS EMPRESARIOS Social Studies, Grade 4 OBJECTIVE Using educational films from the 1960s and 1980s, students will examine the varied experiences of the nineteenth century Texas Empresarios, and identify the important contributions of significant individuals, including Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Baron de Bastrop, Martín de León and Green DeWitt. This film is a valuable resource that was saved through the Texas Archive of the Moving Image’s digital preservation program. The film educates and entertains, containing extraordinary reenactments of specific events that occurred in early Texas. This lesson highlights the Mexican settlement and colonization of Texas and traces the events that led up to the Texas Revolution, such as the 1825 Colonization Law of Coahuila y Tejas and its reversal in 1830, the Fredonian Rebellion, and the politically divisive land dispute between Texas Empresarios Martín de León and Green DeWitt. Most of the lesson focuses on Moses Austin and his son, Stephen F. Austin, as they worked to bring the first colonists or “The Old Three Hundred” to Texas. This lesson, utilizing a unique and engaging educational film created by the Texas Education Agency in 1978, serves as a great introduction to the Texas Empresarios and nicely segues into the Texas Revolutionary period. PROCESS Prior Knowledge Students should have prior knowledge of the following areas to successfully take part in this activity: The following activity assumes that students know Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821 and, as a result, Texas became a part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHJ Vol-5 No-1
    East Texas Historical Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 Article 1 3-1967 ETHJ Vol-5 No-1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (1967) "ETHJ Vol-5 No-1," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol5/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. E ~'T TEXAS JII~ Tom .\L AS 'OCJ TIO OIRE(j'OR: Trm Explr 1 1 1. , HI 1968 167 1 7 19 R EOITOIU L 80 rm (. K. ChamberlHin, btlilnr·in- hi • c ltdo h Ralph ~oodwin {'omml!r~' Jam !l r.. "jrhnl acogdoch " .IT. (h 11 Julln Kirb~ 'ill Johr I' yne. J,'. Hun III I alph \\ R Ilumnnt rnITOnl.\I•. on ORY R .\RO • UJ; ill an . U~. tin~ "01. E ST TEXJ S HISTOR!CAL JOURNAL VOL. V, NO.1 MARCH,1967 ?ubli ked by N ACOGDOCHE J TEXAS P. O. Box 6127 SFA STATION NACOGOOCHE , TEXAS 7:>961 . LIBRARY STEPHE F. AUSTIN STATE COLLEGE NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION Membership PATRONS contribute lo the work of the A' ociation $100.00 or more, payable if desirerl 0 er a period of th-e years. SU TAINING MEMBERS contribute to the work of the A sociation 50.00 Or more, ra~rHblE' if desired over a perioo of five .
    [Show full text]