Ubiquitous Computing Applications and Research Opportunities

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ubiquitous Computing Applications and Research Opportunities Ubiquitous Computing Applications and Research Opportunities Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa Apply Computing Graduate Program (Pipca) University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos) São Leopoldo, Brazil [email protected] Abstract—About 25 years ago, Mark Weiser introduced the In this sense, ubiquitous computing has found application concept of Ubiquitous Computing. Ten years later, Mahadev in a diverse range of knowledge areas, such as, health [9], Satyanarayanan revisited and reinforced the concept by commerce [10], competence management [11], learning [12]– publishing studies focused on components and architectures to [14], logistics [15], [16], accessibility [17] and games [18]. achieve the Pervasive Computing (synonym of ubiquitous computing). Since then, this computational paradigm has This article discusses the ubiquitous computing through received increasing attention from researchers. Significantly, three perspectives, namely, progress of involved technologies, recent years have witnessed the proliferation of various emergent applications and research opportunities. The text is technologies that enable the implementation of ubiquitous strongly guided by studies conducted in the Laboratory of systems such as Location Systems and Location-based Services Research on Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing (MobiLab1) at (LBSs). Furthermore, the application of ubiquitous computing in the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos2) which is different knowledge areas has increasingly been studied, covering located in Southern Brazil. areas such as health (u-health), accessibility (u-accessibility), learning (u-learning), commerce (u-commerce) and games (u- During the last decade, the MobiLab has supported several games). This broad interest shows the relevance of this emergent projects dedicated to research and application of the ubiquitous technology and allows us to predict that the adoption of computing concepts. This article can be considered as a guide ubiquitous computing will generate a similar impact that the containing current references, which can be used to deepen adoption of Internet has generated in various application areas studies in this subject. In this sense, some research themes (for example, e-commerce and e-learning). This article considered strategic were addressed in more detail, namely, summarizes the evolution of ubiquitous computing and discusses Contexts Histories [11] (also called Trails [19]), Profile emerging uses in some application areas. Additionally, the text Management [7] and Context Prediction [20]. discusses issues currently addressed by researchers that are considered challenges and consequently research opportunities. The remainder of this article is organized as follows. First, For example, studies related to Contexts Histories (also called the progress of technologies related to ubiquitous computing is Trails) and their use to support Profile Management and Context discussed in Section II. The third section covers six application Prediction have been considered strategic. Finally, the article areas which have been researched at MobiLab/Unisinos. concludes by outlining trends in ubiquitous computing research. Section IV approaches the research opportunities. Finally, the last section concludes the article discussing trends in Keywords—ubiquitous computing; applications; profile ubiquitous computing. management; contexts histories; context prediction. II. PROGRESS OF RELATED TECHNOLOGIES I. INTRODUCTION The proliferation of smartphones and tablet PCs has Approximately 25 years ago, Mark Weiser [1] introduced fostered an ample adoption of the Mobile Computing the concept of Ubiquitous Computing predicting a world where [21], [22]. In addition, the use of devices to location computing devices would be present in objects, environments determination, such as the GPS3, has been stimulated by an and human beings themselves. These devices would interact increase of precision combined with a decreasing of prices. naturally with the users without being noticed. Ten years after, Location systems [23], [24] have been embedded into mobile Mahadev Satyanarayanan reinforced the concept through an computers, allowing the development of Location-based article that would become a classic [2]. More recent articles Services (LBSs) [25]–[27]. Location is one of several types of have discussed general aspects and trends of Ubiquitous information that can be used to support the concept of Context Computing [3], [4]. In addition, the improvement and [28]. integration of technologies, such as context-aware computing [5], adaptive systems [6], profile management [7] and The increasing use of these technologies combined with the recommender systems [8] have increasingly allowed the diffusion of sensors has enabled the availability of realization of the vision introduced by Weiser [1] and computational services in specific contexts (Context-aware Satyanarayanan [2]. Computing [5], [28], [29]. The idea consists in the perception of characteristics related to the users and their surroundings. This study was financed by CNPq/Brazil (National Council for Scientific and 1 Mobile Computing Lab (MobiLab). http://www.unisinos.br/lab/mobilab. Technological Development – http://www.cnpq.br – grant number 2 University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos. http://www.unisinos.br/global/en. 310443/2013-0). 3 Global Positioning System (GPS). http//www.gps.gov. These characteristics are normally referred to as Context [28], TABLE I. APPLICATION AREAS namely any information that can be used to describe the Material for further studies circumstances concerning an entity. Based on perceived Short name context, the application can modify its behavior. This process, used to Application Studies conducted in which software modifies itself according to sensed data, is indicate the areas at MobiLab Models application of named Adaptation [6]. Additionally, several other technologies /Unisinos can be highlighted as strategic for the development of modern ubiquitous computer systems, such as recommendation strategies [8], computing profile management [7], internet of things [30], mobile cloud It was proposed a computing [31], wireless sensor networks [32], among others. model called UDuctor [9] for UDuctor Health u-Health The progress and integration of these technologies have ubiquitous care of [9] fostered the implementation and adoption of ubiquitous noncommunicable systems [3], [4]. In this sense, the recent emergence of various diseases. application areas may be considered an indication that the ubiquitous computing is reaching a level of disruptive A model called Hefestos [17] was technology. The next section discusses applications and details proposed to of six of them. support u- Hefestos Accessibility u-Acessibility accessibility for [17] different types of III. APPLICATIONS people with The significant impact generated by the adoption of Internet disabilities. has shown how an emergent technology can transform the practices in different application areas. For example, the Four models were Distance Education (so called e-learning) [33] has proposed to different types of Local revolutionized the educational strategies, changing the learning [12] perspective from face-to-face approach to a remote learning. environments: Another example is the commerce, where the e-commerce has small-scale (Local GlobalEdu created a new paradigm to negotiate and stimulated the [12]), large-scale [13] emergence of several companies dedicated to explore this Learning u-Learning (GlobalEdu [13]), decentralized Global market opportunity. (Global [14]) and [14] The recent increase in the use of ubiquitous technologies competence management MultCComp enables the prediction that ubiquitous computing can repeat the oriented [11] phenomena generated by the widespread adoption of the (MultCComp Internet in recent decades. The consolidate communication [11]). systems (eg the Internet) will continue participating in the technology progress that will make real this forecast. However, Two models were the acceleration of the adoption of technologies discussed in proposed. Section II will increasingly contribute to the emergence of SWTrack [15] uses location SWTrack ubiquitous computing applications. systems to support [15] It does not geofencing and Considering this perspective, this section discusses Logistics exist tracking, and SafeTrack emergent application areas. The approach is not exhaustive and SafeTrack [16] [16] prioritizes the areas that have been researched in the expands SWTrack MobiLab/Unisinos, namely, health [9], accessibility [17], [15] with learning [12]–[14], logistics [15], [16], commerce [10] and automatic delivery games [18]. Table I summarizes the content of this section. The management. table columns were organized as follows: A model called • Applications areas: It indicates the name of application MUCS [10] fosters trades areas that were discussed in this section; MUCS Commerce u-Commerce based on user [10] • Short name: It presents the short name used to indicate interests and the application of ubiquitous computing in the area; context awareness. • Studies conducted: It is a summary of the research works conducted in MobiLab/Unisinos in each area; A model called Mobio Treat [18] • Models: It has the names of computational models supports a Mobio Threat Games u-Games multiplayer game proposed in MobiLab in each area. [18] based on mobile Next subsections discuss each area in the same order they and wireless are listed in the table. technologies. A.
Recommended publications
  • Private Data Protection in Ubiquitous Computing
    UBICOMM 2016 : The Tenth International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies Private Data Protection in Ubiquitous Computing Malika Yaici Samia Ameza¤, Ryma Houariy and Sabrina Hammachiz Laboratoire LTII Computer Department, University of Bejaia University of Bejaia Bejaia, 06000, Algeria Bejaia, 06000, Algeria ¤[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—A system in ubiquitous computing consists of a large care and safety where the end-user has authorized credentials amount of heterogeneous users and devices that communicate anonymity. with each other. Users in this dynamic field communicate with lightweight and autonomous devices, which accentuate security In [3], the author uses the framework of contextual integrity problems and make them more complex. The existing mechanisms related to privacy, developed by Nissenbaum in 2010 [4], as and solutions are inadequate to address new challenges mainly a tool to understand citizen’s response to the implementation for problems of authentication and protection of privacy. In this of IoT related technology in a supermarket. The purpose was paper, a new security architecture called Tree Based distributed to identify and understand specific changes in information Privacy Protection System is proposed. It supports protection of practices brought about by the IoT that may be perceived users private data and addresses the shortcomings of systems as privacy violations. Issues identified included the mining of like GAIA, OpenID and User-directed Privacy Protection (UPP). medical data, invasive targeted advertising, and loss of auton- Furthermore, it takes into account the domain dissociation omy through marketing profiles or personal affect monitoring.
    [Show full text]
  • E – Commerce Trends and Future Analytics Tools
    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(32), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i32/98653, August 2016 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 E – Commerce Trends and Future Analytics Tools Premkumar Balaraman1* and Sabarinathan Chandrasekar 2 1MBA Department, SRM University, No.1, JN Salai, Vadapalani Campus, Chennai - 600026, Tamil Nadu, India; [email protected] 2CSE Department, SRM University, No.1, JN Salai, Vadapalani Campus, Chennai - 600026, Tamil Nadu, India; [email protected] Abstract Background/Objectives: The main aim of the paper is to assess the changing trends in E – Commerce, and to explore the futuristic enabling Information technologies and tools of E – Commerce. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The study is qualitative and descriptive in nature and most of the data is based on secondary sources of survey data. Such an approach is adopted in the study as the area of research is very broad and sources of data are also spread across multiple locations. Since this research paper is based on exploratory study and secondary data, content analysis is done. Findings: From the various sources of secondary data on E – Commerce trends, it is found that Information technologies have changed the ways of doing business and disrupted many business value chains. Customer Centric approaches (product designs, pricing), collaborative web content, glocalization, big data analytics are some of the emerging paradigm shift in E Commerce. The impact of Social commerce and Ubiquitous (Mobile) commerce on E – Business and especially online purchasing cannot be ignored by both B2C and B2B categories of Business models.
    [Show full text]
  • Consumer Data and Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing
    ESPOO 2007 VTT PUBLICATIONS 647 VTT PUBLICATIONS VTT PUBLICATIONS 647 Consumer Data and Privacy in Ubiquitous Computing 629 Communications Technologies. VTT's Research Programme 2002–2006. Final Report. Ed. by Markku Sipilä. 2007. 354 p. 630 Solehmainen, Kimmo. Fabrication of microphotonic waveguide components on silicon. 2007. 68 p. + app. 35 p. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 631 Törrö, Maaretta. Global intellectual capital brokering. Facilitating the emergence of 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 innovations through network mediation. 106 p. + app. 2 p. 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345 632 Lanne, Marinka. Yhteistyö yritysturvallisuuden hallinnassa. Tutkimus sisäisen 12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345
    [Show full text]
  • Ubiquitous Commerce: Ubiquitous Computing Based Commerce Dolly Amit Pruthi Deptt
    Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Ubiquitous Commerce: Ubiquitous Computing Based Commerce Dolly Amit Pruthi Deptt. of Computer Science & Applications, G.J. University of Sci. & Tech., M.D. University, Rohtak, India Hisar, India Abstract- With the rapid advancement in field of networking and communications, no aspect of human life is untouched. Commercial activities are also affected by the new advancements. Traditional commercial activities are changed and modified with the passage of time. Firstly, the age of E-Commerce arrived, then M-Commerce. Now, after E-Commerce and M-Commerce, the age of Ultimate Commerce is arrived. Any time/ Always/ Anywhere service providing is the key to this ultimate or ubiquitous commerce. This paper studies the concept of ubiquitous computing and its adaption to commerce with new issues associated. Keywords- Ubiquitous computing, Ubiquitous commerce. I. INTRODUCTION Ubiquitous commerce, also referred to as „u-commerce‟ is a new paradigm that broadens and extends the Internet usage in today‟s environment. With the rapid development of ubiquitous computing and mobile communication technologies, the traditional business model is changing drastically. As a logical extension of e-commerce and m-commerce, Watson proposed the concept of ubiquitous commerce (u-commerce) in 2000. As the next generation business model, it immediately gained a lot of attention. U-commerce emerges as a continuous, seamless stream of communication, content and services exchanged among businesses, suppliers, employees, customers, and products. It will enable interactions and transactions to happen anywhere and at any time without being constrained to stay connected through power and telephone lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubiquitous Computing: Trends and History
    Ubiquitous Computing: Trends and History Lecture 2 CSI 660, William A. Maniatty, Dept. of Computer Science, University at Albany 1 Introduction Review: What is Ubiquitous Computing? • Immerses computers in a real environment • Sensors support interact with and control the environment. • Limited power supply, storage, memory and bandwidth. • Operate unattended (much like embedded systems). • Devices are mobile/wireless. • May reside on a person (wearable computing). • Have special peripherals. • Contrast this with virtual reality which immerses humans in a computer generated articial environment. CSI 660, William A. Maniatty, Dept. of Computer Science, University at Albany 2 Historical Origins and Trends Computers are becoming smaller and cheaper over time • Originally few computers many operators . Machines Expensive and Large . People (relatively) cheap • Trend toward more computers per person . Users may not be tech savvy . Even tech savvy users have limited time . Minimal intervention is required People don't want to be separated from their data • But spying on users upsets them • And can violate laws - security is important • Mobility and wireless access are critical. CSI 660, William A. Maniatty, Dept. of Computer Science, University at Albany 3 Some Popular Views Many visions were popularized in the press • First to work on it, although other visionaries preceded him • Entertainment Industry (Ian Fleming, Gene Rodenberry) • Vanaver Bush's seminal article [1] As We Might Think predicted the WWW and Ubiquitous Computing in 1945! • Vernor Vinge (retired Computer Science Professor and Science ction writer) has interesting ubiquitous computing visions. • Movies: The Terminator, numerous Philip K. Dick books and screen plays (Blade Runner, Total Recall, Minority Report). Has been popular in the research community for over a decade CSI 660, William A.
    [Show full text]
  • Wearable and Ubiquitous Computing
    Education & Training Editor: Scott F. Midkiff ■ Virginia Tech ■ [email protected] Wearable and Ubiquitous Computing Tom Martin EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION ture and thickness of the user’s device primarily depends on the relative power This issue’s column continues its coverage of innovative courses in pervasive computing. consumption and expense of computa- Tom Martin of Virginia Tech describes a course on wearable and ubiquitous computing that tion, communication, and local storage. he developed and has taught twice. He describes the course’s scope, assignments and grad- Because wearable and ubiquitous ing, and design projects and his experiences with them. Please send me your comments and computing systems face significant suggestions for future columns. —Scott Midkiff power consumption challenges, the course spends a good amount of time on low-power design and system-level irginia Tech has offered a course on • User input/output devices power management. These topics are V wearable and ubiquitous comput- • Location and context awareness also some of my main research areas ing in the Bradley Department of Elec- • Application case studies and let me connect teaching and re- trical and Computer Engineering twice: search. I begin this section of the class one at the senior or master’s level in The wearable and ubiquitous com- with the power consumption mecha- spring 2002 (15 students) and another puting overview begins with Mark nisms in digital CMOS (complementary at the master’s level in spring 2003 (11 Weiser’s papers from the early 1990s1–2 metal-oxide semiconductor) circuits and students). The course aims to provide and more recent articles by Mahadev then move on to higher-level power students with an appreciation of current Satyanarayanan3 and Thad Starner.4–5 management problems, such as dynamic wearable and ubiquitous computing These provide a road map and motiva- CPU speed-setting, low-power compi- research issues and give them hands-on tion for topics covered later in the lation and source code modification, design experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubiquitous Computing, Virtual Worlds, and the Displacement of Property Rights
    Ubiquitous Computing, Virtual Worlds, and the Displacement of Property Rights M. ScoT BOONE* Abstract: Examining one emerging technology, virtual worlds, may provide us with insight about another emerging technology, ubiquitous computing. The rapid increase in both the popularity and economic value of virtual worlds has resulted in a conflict over whether players in these worlds have any property rights with respect to virtual world objects associated with their avatars. A close examination however reveals that even if such rights exist, they can be overridden through the combined use of contract and technology. This observation may in turn provide an insight about the future of real world property. The emerging technology of ubiquitous computing shares technological characteristics with virtual worlds such that ubiquitous computing would make a displacement of property rights in real world objects possible in the same way that virtual world technology makes such a displacement possible for potential property rights in virtual world objects. "Associate Professor of Law, Appalachian School of Law. I would like to thank Charlie Condon, Judie Barger, David Ritchie and James McGrath for their helpful comments on drafts of this article. I would also like to thank for their comments the participants of the Works-in-Progress Intellectual Property Colloquium, the participants of the Intellectual Property & Communications Law and Policy Scholars Roundtable sponsored by Michigan State University College of Law, and the participants of the annual meeting of Southeastern Association of Laws Schools. The research assistance of Russell Kloosterman and Justin Williams was also immensely helpful. I/S: A JOURNAL OF LAWAND POLICY [VOL.
    [Show full text]
  • Pervasive Computing in Sugar Industry
    International Journal of Novel Research in Electronics and Communication Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp: (1-13), Month: September 2016 - February 2017, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Pervasive Computing in Sugar Industry Arnold C. Ndukuyu1, Franklin Wabwoba2, Anselemo Ikoha3 1Nzoia Sugar co ltd, 1, 2, 3 Department of Information Technology, Kibabii University Abstract: In the last decade, we have had several computing technology applications in the IT industry out of which Pervasive or Persistent computing has proved to be an enabler for everyday objects to become smarter and interactive in ubiquitous environment.Pervasive computing promises to revolutionize the way of doing things on field operations context in agriculture with regard to managing data using mobile technologies. There are however challenges facing adoption of mobile computing for ubiquitous data management computing technique as well as proposition ways to solve the challenges and abundant computing on basis of cloud computing. The research proposes new innovations based on pervasive computing, its interactions in agro-industrytechnology and its future.This paper proposes a Sugar Enterprise Mobility Framework (SEMF) to embrace adoption of mobile computing in sugar companies. Keywords: Pervasive Computing, Ubiquitous DataKeywords: Pervasive Computing, Abundant Computing, cloud, challenges. 1. INTRODUCTION There are various technology applications in IT Industry such ashuman computing, Autonomic computing, mobile computing, Cloud computing, Green computing, Grid computing, Supercomputing, Parallel computing among others., out of which Pervasive computing has proved to be an enabler for everyday objects to become smarter and interactive in ubiquitous environment offering control with interactive service such as refrigerators that can create grocery lists, dispensers, buildings that can adjust temperature and light according to the weather, animal feeding monitoring, power management and control just to mention but a few.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Commerce”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No
    Please cite this paper as: OECD (2007-01-16), “Mobile Commerce”, OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 124, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/231111848550 OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 124 Mobile Commerce OECD Unclassified DSTI/CP(2006)7/FINAL Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 16-Jan-2007 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY COMMITTEE ON CONSUMER POLICY Unclassified DSTI/CP(2006)7/FINAL MOBILE COMMERCE English - Or. English JT03220432 Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d'origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format DSTI/CP(2006)7/FINAL FOREWORD At its 72nd Session on 26-27 October 2006, the Committee on Consumer Policy (CCP) agreed to declassify the report by written procedure, which was completed on 22 December 2006. This report was prepared by Mr. Yoshiaki Takahashi of the OECD’s Secretariat Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry as part of the CCP work (www.oecd.org/sti/consumer-policy). The report is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. © OECD/OCDE 2006 2 DSTI/CP(2006)7/FINAL TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN POINTS 4 INTRODUCTION 5 I. BUSINESS TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES 10 II. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 17 III. CONSUMER PROTECTION CONCERNS 21 IV. PRIVACY AND SECURITY ISSUES 33 CONCLUSION 41 APPENDIX A: PROVISION OF COMMERCIAL 3G SERVICES IN OECD COUNTRIES (AS OF SEPTEMBER 2006) 43 APPENDIX B: INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS FOR MOBILE COMMERCE 45 APPENDIX C: COMPARATIVE TABLE FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS ON MOBILE COMMERCE 48 APPENDIX D: OECD STUDY ON MOBILE CONTENT (OECD (2005C)) 51 BIBLIOGRAPHY 53 3 DSTI/CP(2006)7/FINAL MAIN POINTS Developments in mobile handset technology and use of mobile devices by consumers have made the mobile commerce market more consumer-oriented, more global in scope and more device-dependent.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuous Deployment of Pervasive Applications in Dynamic Environments Ozan Necati Günalp
    Continuous deployment of pervasive applications in dynamic environments Ozan Necati Günalp To cite this version: Ozan Necati Günalp. Continuous deployment of pervasive applications in dynamic environments. Ubiquitous Computing. Université de Grenoble, 2014. English. NNT : 2014GRENM052. tel- 01215029 HAL Id: tel-01215029 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01215029 Submitted on 13 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Informatique Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par Necati Ozan GÜNALP Thèse dirigée par Philippe LALANDA préparée au sein Laboratoire d’Informatique de Grenoble et de École Doctorale Mathématiques, Sciences et Technologies de l’Information, Informatique Déploiement continu des applications pervasives en milieux dynamiques Thèse soutenue publiquement le 13 Novembre 2014, devant le jury composé de : Mme Frédérique LAFOREST Professeur à Université de Saint Etienne, Présidente Mr Christian BECKER Professor at Universität Mannheim,
    [Show full text]
  • Ubiquitous Computing Power: the Cornerstone of an Intelligent Society Position Paper
    Ubiquitous Computing Power: the Cornerstone of an Intelligent Society Position Paper February 2020 Embrace Ubiquitous Computing Power, Embrace the Bright Future of an Intelligent Society Liang Hua Chairman of Huawei's Board of Directors Computing is a way of perceiving the world. From their intelligent journey; they will enter the next stage mainframes to PCs, and from PCs to smartphones and of growth – the developing stage – only when their per wearables, computing has become a de facto extension capita computing power surpasses 10,000 GFLOPS. of human capability. Just like the wide adoption of electricity, which laid Our approach to computing is also evolving. Statistical the foundation for an industrial society, ubiquitous computing will soon become mainstream, and we computing power will become the cornerstone of an estimate that five years from now AI applications intelligent society. will account for more than 80% of all computing Second, we need to build a diversified computing power used around the world. It will be a new age of power ecosystem to drive the computing industry intelligent computing. forward. In the intelligent world, we will see more The technologies behind computing and connectivity diverse application scenarios and data types than are progressing by leaps and bounds every day, and ever before, which calls for a much more diversified they will soon pave the way for a world where all computing power architecture. things sense, all things are connected, and all things If we hope to succeed in building a prosperous and are intelligent. Ubiquitous computing power will be diversified computing power ecosystem, we will need the cornerstone of this future world.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Framework to Characterize Ubiquitous Software Projects ⇑ Rodrigo Oliveira Spínola, Guilherme Horta Travassos
    Information and Software Technology 54 (2012) 759–785 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Information and Software Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/infsof Towards a framework to characterize ubiquitous software projects ⇑ Rodrigo Oliveira Spínola, Guilherme Horta Travassos Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68511, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil article info abstract Article history: Context: Ubiquitous Computing (or UbiComp) represents a paradigm in which information processing is Received 19 July 2011 thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. From a Software Engineering point of view Received in revised form 29 December 2011 this development scenario brings new challenges in tailoring or building software processes, impacting Accepted 25 January 2012 current software technologies. However, it has not yet been explicitly shown how to characterize a Available online 4 February 2012 software project with the perception of ubiquitous computing. Objective: This paper presents a conceptual framework to support the characterization of ubiquitous soft- Keywords: ware projects according to their ubiquity adherence level. It also intends to apply such characterization Ubiquitous computing approach to some projects, aiming at observing their adherence with ubiquitous computing principles. Software projects characterization Systematic review Method: To follow a research strategy based on systematic reviews and surveys to acquire UbiComp Experimental software engineering knowledge and organize a conceptual framework regarding ubiquitous computing, which can be used to characterize UbiComp software projects. Besides, to demonstrate its application by characterizing some software projects. Results: Ubiquitous computing encapsulates at least 11 different high abstraction level characteristics represented by 123 functional and 45 restrictive factors.
    [Show full text]