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Bio-Waste Selective Collection Schemes

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Bio-Waste Selective Collection Schemes BIO-WASTE SELECTIVE COLLECTION SCHEMES An ACR+ Publication | March 201 6 The Association of Cities and Regions for Recycling and sustainable Resource management (ACR+) is an international network of members who share the common aim of promoting the sustainable consumption of resources and management of waste through prevention at source, reuse and recycling. ACR+ currently has more than 90 members, mainly local and regional authorities as well as national networks of local authorities representing around 750 municipalities. ACR+ also welcomes other key players in the sustainable resource­product­waste management, such as NGOs, academic institutions or private organisations, as partner members. Copyright: No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from ACR+. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review. © ACR+, Brussels, March 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 . INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY........................................................................2 1 .1 . Why this report........................................................................................................2 1 .2. Methodological approach.......................................................................................2 1 .2.1 . Definitions...................................................................................................................2 1 .2.2. Data sources and methodology..................................................................................3 2. SUMMARIZED FACTSHEETS.........................................................................................5 Catalonia, Spain......................................................................................................6 Flanders, Belgium...................................................................................................8 Lisbon, Portugal....................................................................................................1 0 Milan, Italy..............................................................................................................1 2 Southern Region, Ireland.....................................................................................1 4 Styria, Austria.......................................................................................................1 6 3. BENCHMARKING AND COMPARISONS.....................................................................1 8 3.1 . Collection systems................................................................................................1 8 3.1 .1 . Scope of collected bio-waste............................................................................1 8 3.1 .2. Collection method.....................................................................................................20 3.2. Costs and financing...............................................................................................21 3.2.1 . Link between waste generation and waste fee........................................................22 3.2.2. No link between waste generation and waste fee....................................................23 3.3. Treatment process and infrastructure.................................................................23 3.4. Share of collected bio-waste, potential and quality............................................24 3.5. Policy framework and external factors................................................................27 3.5.1 . Positive influence.....................................................................................................27 3.5.2. Negative influence....................................................................................................27 3.6. Communication......................................................................................................28 4. CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................30 4.1 . Challenges..............................................................................................................30 4.1 .1 . Feedback from Southern Region of Ireland's experience........................................30 4.1 .2. Feedback from the Catalan region's experience......................................................30 4.1 .3. Feedback from the Styrian province's experience...................................................31 4.2. A few recommendations and conclusions..........................................................31 1 . INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY 1 .1 . Why this report This report aims to provide cases about how some cities and regions selectively collect and treat bio­waste, with the view to help other territories to set up their own bio­waste selective collection strategies. According to calculations from the European Topic Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ETC/SCP), in 2008–2010 bio­waste accounted for 37 % of the municipal waste in Europe (EU­27 excluding Cyprus, plus Norway and Switzerland)1. The proportion differs from country to country, mainly because of variations in the way that municipal waste is defined in different countries according to the European Environment Agency (EEA). The EEA also mentions that many European Economic Area member countries with a high share of bio­waste in their municipal waste still recycle only a limited amount of bio­waste, resulting in a relatively marginal effect of bio­waste recycling on total municipal waste recycling rates. According to Eurostat, in 2012 EU­28 Member States composted 15% and recycled 27% of their municipal waste (480 kg per person in average were treated in 2012)². This is a clear indication that a stronger focus on bio­waste recycling (composting) is needed. For many countries, there is much room for improving the overall recycling rate of municipal waste through increasing bio­waste recycling. There is no EU­wide obligation to recycle bio­waste (bio­waste falls into the overall objective of 50% recycling and composting by 2020). Instead, EU rules only limit the amount of biodegradable waste that can be landfilled (reduction target of biodegradable municipal waste landfilled set to 35% by 2016 compared to 1995). In December 2015, the European Commission proposed in its 'circular economy package' to have more ambitious targets for recycling (65% by 2030) and landfilling (10% by 2030). No specific recycling target was proposed for bio­ waste, however3. In order to provide local and regional authorities with useful good practices and quantitative data, this report includes a series of synthetic factsheets presenting bio­waste collection schemes from six European regions and cities and a comparison of those systems and their performances. 1 .2. Methodological approach 1 .2.1 . Definitions Bio-waste is defined in the Waste Framework Directive4 as “biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, catering and retail premises and comparable waste from food processing plants”. A distinction is made between bio­waste and biodegradable waste in the respect that bio­waste does not include paper and cardboard, wood or textile waste. 1 European Environment Agency, EEA Report No 2/201 3 “Managing municipal solid waste - a review of achievements in 32 European countries”, March 201 3 ² Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521 /51 80394/8-2503201 4-AP-EN.PDF/a266b63d-3fb3-4b27-8a97-4dcc44c600c1 ?version=1 .0 3 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives 2008/98/EC on waste, 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste, 1 999/31 /EC on the landfill of waste, 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles, 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators, and 201 2/1 9/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment – COM(201 5) 595 final 4 Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 1 9 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives Bio-waste selection collection schemes | Page 2 Food waste is defined as biodegradable kitchen & processing plant waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises composed of raw or cooked pre­consumer and post­consumer waste. It is equivalent to “kitchen waste”. Green waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste from households, public & private green spaces composed of grass, branches and similar waste. It is equivalent to “garden waste”. Bio-waste separately collected: according to the R4R methodology (DREC), it is intended as bio­waste separately collected for the purpose of recycling (meaning composting in a centralised facility as opposed to home or community composting that is not the focus of this report) and includes: • municipal waste streams separated at source & collected separately (one homogeneous waste stream not mixed with other waste streams) with the purpose of recycling, • the output from MBT installation going directly to facilities for recycling: biological treatment (including composting and anaerobic digestion) may be classified as recycling when compost (or digestate) is used on land or for the production of growing media. It is to be noted that this calculation method is very much in line with the two methods proposed by the European Commission in December 20155 . 1 .2.2. Data sources and methodology The report builds on a number of cases and information provided by partners of the R4R project
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