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Clean Water Supply Development Model in Sentul City

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Clean Water Supply Development Model in Sentul City MIMBAR, Vol. 36 No. 2nd (2020) pp. 259-270 Clean Water Supply Development Model in Sentul City 1 ASEP SUHERI, 2 C. KUSMANA, 3 MYJ. PURWANTO, 4 Y. SETIAWAN 1 School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. 2 Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Indonesia. 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University, Indonesia. 4 Center for Environmental Studies, IPB University, Indonesia. Correspondence author: [email protected] Abstract. This study aims to predict the current and future demand for clean water, and efforts to develop clean water supply from a social aspect in Sentul City (SC). To estimate the need for clean water, it is predicted from the total population from year to year. Forecasting population in this study uses arithmetic and geometric methods, while Stella software is used to facilitate the analysis. Starting in 2030, it is estimated that SC will experience water shortages. The Community Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation or PAMSIMAS program and installation of smart tanks are proposed to overcome the problem water shortage of rural residents in SC. Meanwhile, for urban residents, they can collect rainwater that falls on the roofs of houses and collect it in smart tanks. The implementation of PAMSIMAS program and the installation of smart tanks in SC has an important function as a supplier of backup raw water sources to overcome current and future shortages of clean water. Keywords: Clean water demand and supply, Arithmetic and geometric method, Social aspects. Introduction well as technical problems for the distribution of clean water. Besides, PDAM services for the The need for clean water generally Bogor Regency region only reached 41.7% increases every year. On the contrary, the of the total that had to be served (BDDPA, supply of clean water is limited because of 2014). In addition to utilizing PAM water, decreasing reservoir areas, constructions some residents in SC also get water by making which do not consider the balance of nature, dug wells. and raw water resource exploitations which do not consider the sustainability of water Rivers that flow in SC area are the resources. For anticipating water crises, it Citeureup River and the Cikeas River. is crucial to maintain the sustainability of Rainwater flows from the east and south existing water resources, apply the efficiency with higher elevations to the western and in water-use, and search for new water northern parts of the region with lower resource alternatives (Loucks and Beek, elevations. SC area is ground water-scarce 2017; Cosgrove and Loucks, 2015; Jiménez area. Groundwater has little potential and and Asano, 2008; FAO, 1976). Economic and is influenced by seasons; it is present in the social development is very dependent on the form of free groundwater in the rock section availability of water, including the fulfillment and a soil depth of 12 m. Springs in SC are of basic human needs (Fang, 2020; Hall et found in river valleys and have generally very al., 2014). small water discharges (Sentul City, 2012). The Sentul City (SC) area often The availability of water in SC is very experiences water supply problems. Clean limited both in terms of quality and quantity, water supply for SC areas originating from so that if you only rely on the current water PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Bogor Regency is often availability without additional water supply, constrained due to small water discharges, as then in the future SC will experience a Received: 2019-09-13, Revised: 2020-01-22, Accepted: 2020-12-16 Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v36i2.5116 Accredited Sinta 2 based on the decree No.10/E/KPT/2019 until 2024. Indexed by DOAJ, Sinta, Garuda, Crossreff, Dimensions Accredited by Sinta Rank 2 based on Ristekdikti No.10/E/KPT/2019 259 ASEP SUHERI, et al. Clean Water Supply Development Model In Sentul City shortage (deficit) of clean water. Thus, the (PT. Sukapura Graha Cemerlang 2017 and developer and the community must work as Masterplan Sentul City 2011). Another early as possible to find a solution to obtain characteristic is the water demand where an additional water supply. In terms of social urban residents consume more clean water aspects, several ways can be done for the compared to villagers with a ratio of 2: 1. independence of water supply to increase The urban population’s water needs are 120 water supply in SC including through the liter/day/capita or 43.8 m3/capita/year; Community Based Drinking Water Supply and the rural population’s water needs are and Sanitation or PAMSIMAS program that 60 liter/day/capita or 21.9 m3/capita/year utilizes Citeureup and Cikeas rivers and (Indonesian National Standards Agency or harvests rainwater falls on the roofs of each BSNI, 2002). house and stores it in a container namely The clean water supply for urban SC Tangki Pintar (Smart Tank). residents comes from PDAM Tirta Kahuripan, Drinking water is a basic need crucial which often constrained by water shortages, for human life in a sustainable manner among others due to the malfunction of water to improve public health (Daley et al., towing machine because the water reservoir 2015). A National Policy and Strategy for belongs to the PDAM in Kandang Roda and the Development of Drinking Water Supply the reservoir belongs to SC management is 20 Systems is stipulated by a Minister of Public meters different, causing the water supply to Works Regulation. It also needs to be equipped be choked. One solution is to implement smart with Technical Guidelines and Guidelines for tanks and socialization to the community for the Implementation of SPAM Development the construction of smart tanks in individual (RMPWHRI, 2016). To meet the needs of clean houses/buildings in urban areas. Meanwhile, water, residents in SC are supplied from PDAM overcoming water shortage of rural residents Tirta Kahuripan, Bogor Regency. The distance in SC is carried out by utilizing the water from PDAM water reservoir to the residential of Cikeas and Citeureup River through the SC location is relatively far around 15 km with PAMSIMAS program (Putri, 2016; DGCK, a height difference of about 10 m. 2011). The PDAM is the agency assigned and For the development of dynamic urban responsible for providing clean water to the SC areas, it is deemed necessary to know the community through the SPAM (Drinking predictions and dynamics of water demand Water Supply System) program which deals over time, the material needs of planning, and with the process of supplying drinking water analysis relating to populations. Therefore, starting from the planning of raw water it is necessary to predict the need for clean sources (quality & quantity), transmission of water based on the population in urban SC raw water from intakes (raw water sources) now and in the future, and what programs to water treatment plants (IPA), Water can be proposed following the socio-economic Treatment Installation/IPA technologies that conditions of the local community to increase are effective in terms of performance (GR, water supply. Hence, research is necessary 2005; GRRI, 2015). to predict the need for clean water today and thirty years to come and efforts to develop SC is an independent city in Bogor raw water supply in terms of social aspects Regency, developed by PT. Sentul City Tbk, of society and biophysical conditions in SC. which developing its area committed to the Distinguished social aspects of the village principle of green development through environment are residents who live in rural a response to the city parameters. The areas in SC, and the urban environment is concept of eco-city is applied to landscapes residents who live in urban areas, mostly as and buildings. This area was developed as outsiders (Schootman et al., 2016). a residential, commercial, office, industrial, tourism, and special (commercial) area. To make it easier to design, formulate, calculate, analyze data, and present the There are two different characteristics results of prediction, analysis of clean water in the population growth in SC, namely the needs based on the number of residents in characteristics of the group of residents who SC assisted by using Stella 9.0.1 software have lived long in the village with a natural (Richmond, 1995). This software has been population growth of 3.03% (SCA, 2017; tested well because if there are errors in SCA, 2016), and the group of newcomers the formulation there will be an error in the who inhabit housing in urban areas with an validation test. estimated annual population of 4,960 people 260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v36i2.5116 MIMBAR, Vol. 36 No. 2nd (2020) pp. 259-270 Research Methodology Water Need Prediction Forecasting population in rural SC in To predict the water need in a certain this research uses the geometric method as area, the study used an equation which was a recommended in the 2001 booklet (DGWR, multiplication between the inhabitant number 2001); while the arithmetic method is used for and the standard of water need. The following forecasting the number of residents in urban equation is a general equation for calculation: areas. To simplify population projections, Qy = dy x Py predict clean water needs, and draw graphs of where: the relationship between population dynamics Qy : The water need (m3/second) and clean water needs, and analyze results, dy : The standard of need Stella 9.0.1 software is used (Stella, 2013). Py : The user number The arithmetic method is based on The eligibility standard for clean water the assumption that the rate of population needs is 49.5 liter/capita/day.
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