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Gli Archivi Istituzionali BIBLIOGRAFIA E BIBLIOTECONOMIA 92. GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 1 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 2 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 Mauro Guerrini Gli archivi istituzionali Open access, valutazione della ricerca e diritto d’autore A cura di Andrea Capaccioni Con saggi di Antonella De Robbio, Roberto Delle Donne, Rosa Maiello e Andrea Marchitelli EDITRICE BIBLIOGRAFICA GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 3 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 Le fotocopie per uso personale del lettore possono essere effettuate nei li- miti del 15% di ciascun volume dietro pagamento alla siae del compenso previsto dall’art. 68, commi 4 e 5, della legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633. Le riproduzioni per fi nalità di carattere professionale, economico o com- merciale o comunque per uso diverso da quello personale possono essere effettuate a seguito di specifi ca autorizzazione rilasciata da aidro, corso di Porta Romana n. 108, 20122 Milano, e-mail [email protected] e sito web www.aidro.org Copertina: tram19 - San Gimignano Fotocomposizione: Nuovo Gruppo Grafi co - Milano ISBN: 978-88-7075-692-0 Copyright © 2010 Editrice Bibliografi ca Via Bergonzoli, 1/5 - 20127 Milano Proprietà letteraria riservata - Printed in Italy GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 4 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 INDICE Ringraziamenti. 7 1. Un nuovo modello di comunicazione scientifica: l’open access. 9 Premessa . 9 I primordi . 11 Nascita dell’open access . 15 BBB Defi nition . 17 The OA debate . 18 Defi nizioni di OA: due schieramenti. 20 OA in Italia . 21 Che cos’è un archivio istituzionale? . 25 Proposta di defi nizione di archivio istituzionale . 27 L’impatto citazionale. 31 2. La qualità nella gestione degli archivi istituzionali. 33 I metadati. 34 Il protocollo OAI-PMH. 35 Dublin Core. 36 L’interoperabilità: un approccio critico. 42 Gli IR e i metadati. 44 IR e soggetti . 46 Controllo bibliografi co e authority control . 49 Il problema della versione. 52 Leggibilità e uso del repository. 55 Il workfl ow . 56 Conservazione delle risorse digitali . 57 3. Gli IR e la valutazione della ricerca scientifica. 61 L’OA si confronta con la bibliometria. 61 La valutazione della letteratura scientifi ca . 63 La valutazione nel sistema universitario italiano: la normativa e le raccomandazioni della CRUI . 64 I documenti diffusi tramite rete informatica: deposito legale e valutazione a fi ni concorsuali . 69 Le anagrafi della ricerca . 70 L’open access e la valutazione in alcuni paesi europei . 73 Spagna . 73 GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 5 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 Francia . 75 Gran Bretagna. 76 Germania e Olanda. 78 A stage of maturity: qualche rifl essione fi nale . 80 La via d’oro. Strategie open access per l’editoria e le riviste elettroniche di Andrea Marchitelli . 87 Pubblicare o morire? . 87 La crisi dei prezzi dei periodici. 90 Questioni e modelli economici . 94 Tecnologia. 98 Eppur si muove... 100 Archivi istituzionali e diritto d’autore di Antonella De Robbio e Rosa Maiello. 103 Accesso aperto come fattore di riequilibrio nel sistema della proprietà intellettuale . 103 Il sistema del diritto d’autore: fonti, soggetti, contenuti . 108 La gestione del diritto d’autore negli archivi aperti: utilizzazioni consentite al pubblico . 110 Il diritto di deposito ad accesso aperto: titolarità e rapporti con gli editori . 114 Politiche istituzionali del copyright . 120 Open access e pratiche della comunicazione scientifica. Le politiche della CRUI di Roberto Delle Donne . 125 L’accesso pieno e aperto ai risultati della ricerca scientifi ca . 125 Le pratiche della comunicazione scientifi ca e i condizionamenti del mercato. 126 La Dichiarazione di Berlino . 134 Il Gruppo italiano per l’open access della CRUI . 139 1. Le sinergie internazionali . 139 2. Il deposito delle tesi di dottorato . 140 3. Gli archivi aperti e l’anagrafe della ricerca . 141 4. Le tecniche di creazione e di gestione degli archivi aperti. 144 5. Le riviste elettroniche ad accesso aperto. 145 6. L’accesso aperto ai materiali didattici . 145 7. Il censimento delle politiche nei confronti dell’accesso aperto . 146 Conclusioni . 146 Bibliografi a citata. 151 GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 6 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 RINGRAZIAMENTI La redazione di questo libro ha contratto debiti di amichevole riconoscenza verso quelle persone che, in Italia, da anni si occu- pano della tematica con competenza ed entusiasmo; ciò m’indu- ce a dichiarare con soddisfazione che la sua stesura ha una di- mensione corale, risultato di una profi cua collaborazione da cui ho imparato parecchio, malgrado segua il movimento dell’open access dall’indomani del suo comparire, per motivi etici oltreché accademici. Esprimo un ringraziamento in primis a Roberto Delle Donne (Università di Napoli Federico II e presidente del Gruppo open access all’interno della Commissione Biblioteche della CRUI), che mi ha invitato a tenere una conferenza presso la sua Uni ver- si tà sulla valutazione degli archivi istituzionali il 19 ottobre 2009, in occasione della settimana internazionale dedicata al- l’OA (http://www.openaccessweek.org/); quindi nei confronti di Stefania Arabito (Università di Trieste), Bonaria Biancu (Uni- versità di Milano-Bicocca), Maria Cassella (Università di Tori- no), Gianfranco Crupi (Università di Roma La Sapienza), Anto- nella De Robbio (Università di Padova), Sandra Di Majo (Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa), Paola Gargiulo (CASPUR), Paola Galimberti e Giuliana Giustino (Università di Milano), Anna Lu- carelli (Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze), Rosa Maiello (Università di Napoli Parthenope), Andrea Marchitelli (CILEA), Maria Teresa Miconi (Università di Teramo), Susanna Mornati (CILEA), Valdo Pasqui e Tessa Piazzini (Università di Firenze), Zanetta Pistelli (Università di Pisa), Graziano Ruffi ni (Universi- tà di Firenze), Antonio Scolari (Università di Pavia), Francesca Valentini (Università di Trento), Salvatore Vassallo (Università di Pavia). Tutti loro hanno letto versioni intermedie di uno o più capitoli del libro formulando commenti e suggerendo modifi che accolte con estrema gratitudine. Un ringraziamento particolare a Roberto Caso (Università di Trento) per i preziosi suggerimenti forniti ad Antonella De Rob- bio e Rosa Maiello per il loro saggio Archivio istituzionale e di- ritto d’autore. Con Andrea Capaccioni (Università di Perugia) ho avuto un intenso e fruttuoso confronto e altissima è la mia ri- conoscenza nei suoi confronti. Un grazie particolare a Claudio 7 GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 7 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 Venturato (Università di Udine), dottorando di ricerca, che ha letto il testo, controllato i siti web – l’ultima volta il 30 gennaio 2010 – e ha organizzato la bibliografi a fi nale. Sono inoltre grato a Piero Attanasio (AIE), Giovanni Bergamin (Biblioteca nazio- nale centrale di Firenze), Ilaria Fava (Università di Padova), Klaus Kempf (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek), Angela Nuovo (Università di Udine), Anna Maria Tammaro (Università di Par- ma) e Barbara Tillett (Library of Congress) per alcuni suggeri- menti. Ringrazio infi ne i colleghi del l’Uni ver si tà di Firenze Franca Pecchioli, preside della Facoltà di lettere e fi losofi a, Giu- liano Pinto, membro del Nucleo di valutazione interna, Alberto Tesi, rettore, che hanno letto e commentato parti del lavoro; ab- biamo soprattutto discusso dell’importanza di valorizzare l’OA anche nel nostro ateneo. Parti del primo e del terzo capitolo del libro sono state antici- pate, con il titolo Nuovi strumenti per la valutazione della ricer- ca scientifi ca: il movimento dell’open access e gli archivi istitu- zionali, in “Biblioteche oggi”, vol. 27, n. 8 (ottobre 2009), p. 7-17, disponibile all’indirizzo web <http://www.bibliotecheoggi. it/content/20090800701.pdf>; il saggio è stato inoltre depositato nell’archivio istituzionale del l’Uni ver si tà di Firenze e in E-LIS. Il saggio di Andrea Marchitelli, La via d’oro. Strategie open ac- cess per l’editoria e le riviste elettroniche riprende e amplia le idee già pubblicate in Andrea Marchitelli e Susanna Mornati, Stare su Google ma non solo: OJS per l’editoria scientifi ca e accademica periodica, “Bollettino del CILEA”, n. 114 (dicem- bre 2009), <http://bollettino.cilea.it/viewarticle.php?id=790>. Università degli studi di Firenze, 2 febbraio 2010 8 GGlili aarchivirchivi iistituzionalistituzionali 1-.indd1-.indd 8 003/03/103/03/10 114.574.57 1. UN NUOVO MODELLO DI COMUNICAZIONE SCIENTIFICA: L’OPEN ACCESS Premessa Lo studio analizza un importante fenomeno che interessa il processo della comunicazione scientifi ca e della condivisione del sapere, questione di cui si comincia a rifl ettere e ad avere esperienza dagli anni Novanta del Novecento: i depositi digitali di contributi scientifi ci prodotti da studiosi nella loro attività isti- tuzionale. Il mondo accademico statunitense ha cominciato a uti- lizzare il termine archive o l’espressione open archives per indi- care quelle collezioni ospitate in server gestiti da università e da altri istituti, che si arricchivano dei risultati delle ricerche in cor- so e dei prodotti di ricerche concluse, lavori rivolti principal- mente ad altri studiosi e liberamente accessibili a tutti tramite il web.1 Nel corso del nuovo secolo si afferma il termine repository, reso in italiano con deposito e sempre più frequentemente con archivio.
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