E4617 V5 REV
Certificate No.: GHPZY Zi No. 2834
Public Disclosure Authorized Poverty Alleviation and Agriculture
Development Demonstration in Guizhou Province Poor Areas Project Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Public Disclosure Authorized
Project Construction Unit: Guizhou Poverty Alleviation and Development Office
Public Disclosure Authorized Project Evaluation Unit: Guangzhou EP Environmental Engineering, LTD
Compiled In June, 2014
1 Contents
1. Overview ...... 1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1 1.2 Relationship with the State or Province-level Planning ...... 2 1.3. Associated Policies, Laws and Regulations and Standards...... 20 1.4 Evaluation Standards ...... 15 1.5 Classification, Level and Scope of Evaluation; Factors and Key Points of Evaluation .. 15 2. Project Description...... 15 2.1 Project Objectives, Investment and Implementation Scheduling ...... 15 2.2 Project Implementation Area ...... 15 2.3 Main contents and scale ...... 15 2.4 Construction standards in each item ...... 15 2.5 Associated projects and their due diligence investigations ...... 15 3. Natural and Social Environment Status ...... 15 3.1 Natural Environment Status of Project Site ...... 15 3.2 Socioeconomic Status of Project Area ...... 15 3.3 Environmental Conditions of Project Area ...... 15 3.4 Environment-sensitive Targets of Project Area ...... 15 4. Environmental Impact Analysis of Infrastructure Projects ...... 15 4.1 Environmental Impact Analysis in Construction Period ...... 15 4.2 Environmental Impact Analysis in Operation Period ...... 15 5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Agricultural Activities ...... 15 5.1 Environmental impact analysis of planting project ...... 15 5.2 Environmental impact analysis of breeding project ...... 15 5.3 Environmental impact analysis of primary process project ...... 15 5.4 Resources carrying capacity analysis ...... 15 5.5 Analysis on environmental capacity ...... 15 6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme ...... 15 6.1 Analysis of Zero Program ...... 15 6.2 The Different Environment Impact Different Cropping Patterns have on Comparison Analysis ...... 15 6.3 Scheme Comparison of Green Control and Control with Traditional Anti-pest Technology...... 15 6.4 Comparison and Selection of Breeding Manure Disposal Methods ...... 15 7. Information publicity and public consultation ...... 15 7.1 The purpose of public participation ...... 15 7.2 Implementation of public participation survey ...... 15 7.3 Disclose the environmental information...... 15 7.4 Results analysis of the public participation survey ...... 15 7.5 Analysis of publicity results ...... 15 7.6 Conclusion of public participation ...... 15 8. The Environmental Management Plan ...... 15 8.1 Arrangements of Environmental Management Agencies and Responsibilities ...... 15 8.2 Environmental Regulations / Mitigation Measures ...... 15 8.3 Environment Monitoring Program ...... 15 8.4 Environmental Protection Training Plan ...... 15 8.5 Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan ...... 15 9. Conclusions and suggestions ...... 15
2 1. Overview
1.1 Project Background
China has included the poverty relief and development into the overall planning of national economy and social development, and meanwhile formulated and implemented the political measures supporting the development of rural areas plagued by poverty. It has given high priority to the investment in poverty relief and regarded this as the major task of the public financial budget and poverty-stricken areas as the major areas for which public finance shall provide endorsement, and has decided to gradually enhance the strength of supporting the poor areas and implementation of poverty relief strategy. Under the lead and supervision of the Poverty Relief Office of the State Council, the Demonstration Pilot Project of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial Development initiated by the Foreign Investment Center Organization was officially listed in the 2013-2015 project planning of the National Development and Reform Commission and Ministry of Finance Utilizing the World Bank Loans, and was approved by the State Council. The project is the sixth poverty relief project supported by the World Bank loans that has been approved by the Chinese government, i.e. the Sixth Poverty Relief Project by World Bank Loans. With an overall investment of RMB 1.96 billion, among which, USD 150 million is expected from the world bank loans, The project is aimed to develop the highly efficient, eco-friendly and value-added industries, promote the adjustment of industrial structure in the poor areas to eventually realize the optimization of ecological environment and sustainable increment of famers living with poverty, and meanwhile explore the good mode and method of reducing the poverty via industrial development in the centralized poor areas which are connected geographically.
The poverty relief plan makes good use of the World Bank loans to carry out the demonstration pilot program of the Chinese poor areas through industrial development at 27 state-level poverty-stricken counties in three provinces of the western regions (Guizhou, Sichuan and Gansu). In accordance with the relevant environmental protection policies in China as well as the Policy of the World Bank on Safety and Safeguard, it is a must that the project needs to come with an evaluation report on the influence of environment, with a purpose to ensure that the possible negative influence on social environment can be realized and avoided as much as possible, and meanwhile figure out the ways to minimize the unavoidably negative impact.
With the entrustment by the Foreign Investment Project Organization Center of the Poverty Development Office of Guizhou Province, the Guangzhou Environmental Protection Engineering Design and Research Institute have undertaken the aforesaid evaluation task. According to the feasibility report on the engineering of the project and other relevant materials, the members from the evaluation team have finished the compilation of the Report From of the Environmental Influence of the Demonstration Pilot Program of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial Development Supported by World Bank Loans for the verification and approval of the Department of Environmental Protection of Guizhou Province, World Bank Poverty Relief Team and other associated organizations, and for providing the suggestions and requirements on the environmental
1 protection associated with the project in order to facilitate the environmental management of the project later.
1.2 Relationship with the State or Province-level Planning
Analysis on the conformance between the poverty alleviation pilot project loaned by the World Bank in poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou Province and the Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China and the Outline for Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2011-2020) is the same as Sichuan Environmental Impact Assessment; please refer to Table 1.2-1 for the analysis on the conformance with relevant plans.
2 Table 1.2-1 Analysis on the Conformity between the Demonstration Pilot Program of the Chinese Poor Areas through Industrial Development Supported by World Bank Loans in Guizhou Province and Other State- or Guizhou Province-level Plans
Associated Content of Planning Content of Project Conformity Planning The project centers around the Accelerate the development of standardized cultivation of tee, agricultural infrastructure; propel the vegetables, peppers, Dendrobium standardized plantation of some nobile, tianma, Salvia, bamboo horticultural plants such as vegetables, fungus, virus-free potato, fruits, tee and flowers. Enhance the development of animal husbandry level of development in animal and poultry such as sheep and husbandry to increase the proportion Accelerate the chicken breeding, the In line with of output value of animal husbandry; development of establishment of relevant the plan promote the industrialization of modern agriculture infrastructure such as open fair, The Twelfth agriculture, help and strengthen the rural roads, impounding reservoir Five-Year Plan for processing and distribution industry of and rural cooperative and National Economy agricultural products, and meanwhile preliminary processing industry of and Social provide endorsement for the agricultural products in an effort Development of professionalization, standardization, to drive the agricultural industry the People's scale expansion and centralization of in the poor areas to realize the Republic of China the agricultural production industrialization development Strengthen the high-efficient During the implementation of the cultivation, prevention and control of project, the prevention and control epidemic diseases, and the integrated of plant diseases and insect pests Accelerate the innovation of science and in an eco-friendly way, and the In line with innovation of technologies, as well as its promotion introduction of mechanical the plan agricultural science and application; speed up the operation and scientific training and technologies agricultural mechanization to stimulate during the development of the integration of agricultural cultivation industry shall be machinery and agronomy adopted to speed up the scientific
3 and technological development of agriculture in the areas
Strengthen the establishment of public service ability of agriculture and During the implementation of the accelerate the completion of counties project, the planning team and towns and the promotion of suggests to establish the Complete the agricultural technologies in regions, cooperatives, build the publication In line with socialized the prevention and control of animal platform of product and market the plan agriculture service and plant epidemic diseases, and information, register the green system establishment of public service products, establish the products organizations such as the organization storage markets and promote for supervision and management on public service. the quality of agricultural products Farmers’ income can be increased Encourage farmers to optimize the by combining the cultivation by planting and cultivation structure, private investors and breeding increase the level of production and aquatics villages, developing operation and economic profits; enable some effective agricultural farmers to reasonably share the products like tea, pepper, Consolidate the agricultural products processing and In line with Dendrobium nobile, Tianma, enhancement of circulate the value-added profits via the plan Salvia, bamboo fungus, virus-free family income the development of agricultural potato, etc. and extensively and industrialization and new agricultural comprehensively developing and cooperatives; enhance the unique establishing the rural high-efficient agriculture in cooperatives. accordance with situations of different
regions.
Strengthen the Comprehensively strengthen the The project involves the In line with establishment of construction of water conservancy construction of rural roads and the plan
4 infrastructure in works, establishment of rural roads roads for production, rural areas and the construction of new villages establishment of water supported by hydropower, Infrastructure, improvement of electrization counties and small-scale investment environment in rural hydropower replacing fuels project areas and promotion of rural and so on. development During the implementation of the project, promote the eco-friendly way of prevention and control and training classes for farmers, strengthen the reasonable utilization of pesticides and Manage non-point source pollution chemical fertilizers, and suggest Stimulate the arising out of the use of pesticides, forage grass planting and feasible In line with comprehensive fertilizers and agricultural films and measures for the prevention and the plan improvement of comprehensively stimulate the government of pollution arising
rural areas pollution prevention in livestock out of the pollutants from industry. livestock and poultry breeding industry and destruction of ecosystem to effectively reduce non-point source pollution
To realize people living in poor areas The overall purposes of the National Program have enough food to eat and enough project is to develop the In line with for Rural Poverty clothes to wear, guarantee the high-output and high value-added Purposes and Tasks the plan Alleviation (2011 compulsory education, basic need for ecological industries, promote the
－2020) medical care and houses by 2020. The adjustment of industrial structure growth rate of per capita net income in the continuous poor areas,
5 shall be higher than the national realize the continuable income average rate, and the main indicators increase of poor farmers and of basic public services shall also be protection of ecological close to the average level of the environment, make demonstration country. Meanwhile, the basic and promote the methods and farmland and irrigation and water modes of poverty relief in the conservancy, special competitive continuous poor areas of China industries, water safety and transportation shall be put high priority during the poverty relief project. Five counties covered by the project are all listed in the The rural population with ability to nation-specified poor counties work and under the poverty relief located in the Mount Wumeng standards shall be the main target of continous poor regions, in which, In line with the poor very relief project, and the Scope of Targets there are lots of poor villagers the plan project shall center on the key counties with out of date infrastructure, and poor villages in the contiguous poor ability of withstanding poor areas (including the Mount. natural disasters, single industries, Wument areas) outdated technologies and poor management. Develop the special industries, carry Via the standardized, centralized out the poverty alleviation projects by and large-scaled development of science and technologies, complete the the special rural cooperatives in establishment of basic infrastructure the project areas funded by the In line with Poverty Relief by and develop the education and culture grants with conditions, the project the plan Industry projects; improve the public hygiene enhances the 7 leading industries and population service management, with remarkable local complete the social security system characteristics and advantages and emphasize the establishment of such as tea, pepper, dendrobium
6 resources and ecological environment. nobile, Tianma, Salvia, bamboo fungus, virus-free potato, etc., provides aid for the professional cooperatives to implement the green trademark registration and offer help to guide logistics, processing industry and markets; it shall also extend the industry chain and make sure the implementation of environmental pollution control during the project. The project is funded by the World Bank and domestic financial funds for poverty Enhance the fixed-point poverty alleviation. While bringing the alleviation, promote the cooperation of investment of the World Bank poverty relief between eastern and into China to enhance investment western areas, and mobilize enterprises in poverty relief projects, it can Poverty Relief by and various social industries to also set a good example via close In line with Society and participate into the poverty relief and enhanced cooperation with the plan International activities; carry out the collaboration the World Bank, to arouse more
Collaboration of poverty alleviation based on the attention of many other international poverty reduction theory international financial and practices to share experience and organizations to the problems of jointly promote the development of poverty inching, invest more poverty reduction work. money in the establishment of continuous poor areas, and compensate for the lack financial anti-poverty fund. Meanwhile, it
7 can also help us learn the mature experience and practices about the development of agricultural industry and peasant associations around the world to explore the new mechanism, new system and new mode of reducing poverty through industrial development with Chinese characteristics in combination with the actual situation of the Chinese poor areas. Insist on the development-oriented poverty reduction policy and remarkable promotion of industrialized poverty alleviation centering around agriculture to propel the capability of self-development in poor areas. The poverty relief projects slated Outline of Twelfth Strengthen the programming guidance to be carried out this time will be Five-Year Plan for and encourage the combination of Enhancement of launched in the 5 counties along In line with National Economy whole counties (villages) to promote Self-development the Mount Wumeng areas and the plan and Social poverty reduction and development in Capability in Poor they are all crucial in accelerating Development of continuous areas, and enhance the Areas the poverty alleviation work in Guizhou Province level of poverty alleviation through continuous and special poor areas. agricultural industrialization. Compile and meanwhile carry out the special planning on poverty relief in Mount. Wuyi, Wumeng and Miaoling (including Mount Mashan and Yaoshan, speed up the poverty-relief
8 program in continuous poor areas and destitute areas to accelerate the steps of poverty alleviation Being market-oriented and highlight the advantages in resources and consolidate the development of traditional agricultural products. Enhance the quality of agricultural products and promote the large-scale The project centers around the production. standardized cultivation of tea, vegetables, peppers, Dendrobium ●accelerate the development of nobile, tianma, Salvia, bamboo ecological animal husbandry. Stabilize fungus, virus-free potato, the development of sheep and cattle development of animal husbandry breeding industry in a bid to establish and poultry such as sheep and
the special cultivation industry. chicken breeding, the In line with Great Development Enhance the standardization of establishment of relevant the plan of Advantageous establishment of livestock farms infrastructure such as open fair, Agriculture (community) as well as establishment rural roads, impounding reservoir of elite breeding system, animal and rural cooperative and epidemic prevention and forage bases. preliminary processing industry of Remarkably carry out the promotion agricultural products in an effort project of ecological livestock to drive the agricultural industry breeding and make greatest efforts to in the poor areas to realize the build a group of large-scaled, industrialization development standardized and industrialized production bases for good-quality pork pigs, mutton sheep and beef cattle and poultry production bases with local characteristics, in a bid to make the
9 whole province a place on the cutting-edge of the ecological animal husbandry. ●strengthen the vegetable industry. Enhance the establishment of standardized system and greatly develop the high-quality pollution-free (green) vegetables. ●develop and strengthen the tee industry. Give high priority to the development and production of high-quality green tee, and continue consolidating the establishment of high-quality ecological tea production base to improve the production scale and level of standardization. ●lay special emphasis on the potato industry. Center around 42 counties which have been specified as the national potato production bases to accelerate the establishment of elite breeding systems and production bases of virus-free potato, greatly develop the processing of potato products, and build Guizhou into a province with the largest Potato output and production base in the South, as well as the biggest base for the supply of virus-free potato seeds and most important processing base. By 2050, the cultivated areas of potato will
10 reach 11 million acres. ●greatly develop the fruit industry, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, high-quality fruits and dried fruits such as walnut, chestnut; promote in an active way the improvement of camellia varieties and large-scaled cultivation, enlarge and meanwhile standardize the planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials to establish a ground of standardized production bases. By 2015, the cultivation areas of fruit trees, camellia and traditional Chinese medicinal materials will reach 5 million, 3 million and 3 million acres respectively. Centering around the agricultural technology promotion agencies at all 78 professional rural levels and based on the rural cooperatives and 4 trade markets cooperative economic organization, for agricultural products are slated the government shall remarkably to be built this time; the market Enhancement of promote the establishment of expansion studies and researches In line with Establishment of agricultural technology popularization and market development activities the plan Modern Agricultural system at the local level with the will be also enhanced to increase Service System participation of multiple units and quality standards, identification organizations and accelerate the and authentication system, brand establishment of quality promotion and food safety and so standardization system of agricultural on. Meanwhile, the regulatory products and meanwhile carry out the capability of agricultural products
11 certification of geographical indication quality and safety shall be also for pollution-free, green and organic strengthened to complete the food and agricultural products. It shall management and control, also enhance the regulatory capacity to inspection and detection monitor and manage the safety and mechanism quality of agricultural products, and complete the supervision and inspection system of the agricultural quality and safety. Meanwhile, the government shall propel the establishment of the major diseases prevention and control system for animals and plants as well as the early warning and monitoring system of pests to comprehensively improve the effective control of major animal and plant epidemics and prevention of major plant diseases, pests and rats. Improvement of agricultural information service system and enhancement of agricultural products circulation system are also the very important task that shall be fulfilled by the government Twelfth Five-Year Purpose: promote the comprehensive Development economic strength in poor areas, living The overall purposes of the In line with Planning for standards and quality of people project is to develop the Purposes and Tasks the plan Poverty plagued by poverty; bring the high-output and high value-added
Alleviation of protection of ecological environment ecological industries, promote the Guizhou Province and development of poverty adjustment of industrial structure
12 alleviation into a higher level, and in the continuous poor areas, remarkably improve the development realize the continuable income environment and conditions in poor increase of poor farmers and areas and effectively curb the trend of protection of ecological enlarged gap in economic and social environment, make demonstration development and enhance the and promote the methods and capability of self-development in a bid modes of poverty relief in the to realize the final goals of enough continuous poor areas of China food, clothes, compulsory education, basic medical care and housing security and thus lay a solid foundation for the establishment of a moderately prosperous society. Tasks: center around the overall poverty relief purposes of the 12th 5-year plan, and remarkably carry out the poverty relief and development strategy centering on the “Guideline of Less Child Birth And Faster Steps Of Getting Rich, assisted by “The Project of Poverty Reduction through Industrial Development and Labor Force Transfer Training and Employment and Start-up Projects, and supplemented by “Three one-cell engineering” and “The Promotion Project of Public Service Equalization” During the 12th five-year plan, Five counties covered by the In line with Scope of Targets Guizhou province has laid a special project are all listed in the the plan
13 emphasis on the poverty relief projects nation-specified poor counties in 65 especially poor counties located in the Mount Wumeng (districts, cities) connected each other continuous poor regions, in along Mount Wuling, Mount Wumeng which, there are lots of poor and rocky and decertified area in villagers with out of date Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou infrastructure, poor ability of province and gave high priority to 50 withstanding natural disasters, key counties included in the national single industries, outdated plan for poverty alleviation through technologies and poor development. The major targets of the management. poverty alleviation projects in rural areas are those with per capita net income lower than the national levels and with ability to work. With the market as a guide, resources Via the standardized, centralized as foundation and science and and large-scaled development of technologies as supports, natural the special rural cooperatives in regionalization and industrial planning the project areas funded by the as basis to focus on specialty and grants with conditions, the project large-scale development, the project enhances the 7 leading industries will enhance the strength of finance with remarkable local In line with discount and credit financing and characteristics and advantages Poverty Relief by the plan greatly develop the advantages of poor such as tea, pepper, dendrobium Industry areas and special industries, and focus nobile, Tianma, Salvia, bamboo on the establishment of poverty relief fungus, virus-free potato, etc., system by special industries which provides aid for the professional combines production, processing and cooperatives to implement the marketing. Center around the green trademark registration and establishment of the national important offer help to guide logistics, walnut base in the South, national processing industry and markets;
14 important province with grassland it shall also extend the industry ecological animal husbandry, largest chain and make sure the potato producing area in China, major implementation of environmental camellia oleifera production base in pollution control during the China and major vegetables cultivation project. areas in China to fully utilize the diversified biological resources in poor mountainous areas and good conditions of stereoscopic agriculture The project is funded by the World Bank and domestic financial funds for poverty alleviation. While bringing the investment of the World Bank Enhance the fixed-point poverty into China to enhance investment alleviation, promote the cooperation of in poverty relief projects, it can poverty relief between eastern and also set a good example via close western areas, and mobilize enterprises and enhanced cooperation with and various social industries to Poverty Relief by the World Bank, to arouse more In line with participate into the poverty relief Society and attention of many other the plan activities; carry out the collaboration International international financial of poverty alleviation based on the Collaboration organizations to the problems of international poverty reduction theory poverty inching, invest more and practices to share experience and money in the establishment of jointly promote the development of continuous poor areas, and poverty reduction work. compensate for the lack financial anti-poverty fund. Meanwhile, it can also help us learn the mature experience and practices about the development of agricultural
15 industry and peasant associations around the world to explore the new mechanism, new system and new mode of reducing poverty through industrial development with Chinese characteristics in combination with the actual situation of the Chinese poor areas. 38 counties (cities, districts) along the Five counties covered by the adjacent areas of Sichuan, Guizhou project are all listed in the and Yunnan Province, among which, nation-specified poor counties 13 counties belong to Sichuan located in the Mount Wumeng Province, 10 counties (cities, districts) continuous poor regions. They are are within Guizhou province and 15 Chishui, in Zunyi City, Xishui counties (cities, districts) belong to County, Tongzi County, Dafang In line with
Yunnan. The ten counties (cities, County in Bijie City, and Zhijin the plan Development and Scope of Planning districts) plus one town include: County. There are lots of poor Poverty Qixingguan District, Dafang County, villagers living in these areas with Alleviation Qianxi County, Zhijin County, out of date infrastructure, poor Planning of Mount Nayong County, Haozhang County, ability of withstanding natural Wumeng Poor Weining County, Chishui City, Xishui disasters, single industry, outdated Areas (2011-2020) County, Tongzi County and Dawan technologies and poor Town in Zhongshan District management. By 2015, the number of people The overall purposes of the plagued by poverty will be halved; the project is to develop the In line with Development operation mechanism and system high-output and high value-added the plan Purposes advantageous to poverty relief, eco ecological industries, promote the
system and overall development of adjustment of industrial structure population will be established in the continuous poor areas,
16 preliminarily. By 2020 with the aid of realize the continuable income the project, people living in the poor increase of poor farmers and areas will have enough food and protection of ecological clothes and enjoy compulsory environment, make demonstration education, basic medical care and and promote the methods and housing security. modes of poverty relief in the continuous poor areas of China The industry selection shall be carried out in a good way in accordance with the principle of combining the long- and short-term targets, i.e. to make Insist on the market-oriented methods sure the long-term industrial and depend on the advantages of development of the project areas resources, develop the supporting but meanwhile make sure farmers industries with special characteristics, can increase income and get rid of and carry on industry transfer poverty in a short term. Consider according to local conditions and farmers’ income and meanwhile In line with Industrial situations; promote the centralized protect the local eco system the plan Development development of industrial parks, adjust effectively when selecting and and optimize the industrial structure, developing industries, and make develop circular economy, establish sure the soil and water loss and the industrial system with local desertification to be controlled features and speed up the development effectively and geological of local economy. disasters to be prevented to a
certain degree. In the end by comprehensive comparison, 7 industries known as tea, pepper, dendrobium nobile, Tianma, Salvia, bamboo fungus, virus-free
17 potato are singled out as the leading industries for the areas The project involves the Center on improving the life quality of re-establishment and hardening of rural residents, greatly enhancing the rural roads and establishment of producing and living conditions in Enhancement of water conservancy facilities, rural areas and carry out in a positive Basic Production promotion of trickle irrigation, In line with way the establishment of small towns and Living eco-friendly way of prevention the plan and villages. Lay emphasis on the Conditions in Rural and control, which has remarkable improvement of production conditions Areas significance on the improvement in rural areas, enhancement of living of production conditions in rural environment and establishment of areas with the aid of opening of small cities, towns and villages. markets and trade fairs Place special emphasis on the The establishment of protection of natural forests, returning infrastructure of the project can land from farming to forestry or grass, ensure no occupation of basic management and control of stony farmlands; This time, the planting desertification, protection and of forage grass, fruit-bearing cultivation of aquatic organism, forests, etc. mainly focus on the establishment of protection forests, arrangement and organization of Ecological and comprehensive control and wild grass grounds, which don’t In line with Construction and government of water and soil loss; involve any occupation of the plan Environment utilize the key ecological function high-quality arable lands. The soil Protection areas in which the development has and water loss and desertification been limited by the Planning of the in the regions can be reduced to a State and Province-level Major certain degree by planting forage Function Areas as well as the natural grass, and fruit-bearing forests. and cultural conservation areas at all During the implementation of the levels in which the development is project, promote the eco-friendly strictly prohibited as the core, and way of prevention and control and
18 strengthen the ecological construction training classes for farmers, and environment protection in strengthen the reasonable combination of prevention and utilization of pesticides and reduction of natural disasters and way chemical fertilizers, and suggest of coping with climate changes in a forage grass planting and feasible bid to establish the ecological security measures for the prevention and shelter in the upper reaches of Yangtze government of pollution arising River. out of the pollutants from livestock and poultry breeding industry and destruction of ecosystem to effectively reduce non-point source pollution
19 1.3. Associated Policies, Laws and Regulations and Standards
1.3.1. Associated Laws and Regulations
The related laws and regulation at national level of this project is same as those of EIA of Sichuan. 1.3.2 Regulations of Associated Departments
The regulations of related departments at national level of this project are same as those of EIA of Sichuan.
1.3.3 Guizhou Regional Laws and Regulations
(1) Environmental Protection Regulations of Guizhou Province (2009);
(2) Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland of Guizhou Province (1997);
(3) Ecological Function Zoning of Guizhou Province (2005);
(4) Regulations on the Functional Classification of Water Environment along Ground Water Areas in Guizhou Province (Issued by Guizhou Provincial People's Government in 1994)
(5) Report on the Classification of Environment and Air Quality Functional Areas in Guizhou Province (Environmental Protection Agency of Guizhou Province, 2001)
(6) Regulations on the Preservation of Cultural Relics (the National People's Congress of Guizhou Province, September, 2005)
(7) Measures for the Protection and Administration of Wildlife Resources in Guizhou Province, 1982
(8) Notice of Province People's Government Office on Delivering the Implementation Measures of Pilot Project of Stripping and Utilizing the Non-Agricultural Construction Land Plough Layer of Guizhou Province (No. 22 Instruction Issued by Guizhou Government〔2012〕)
(9) Forest Management Regulations of Guizhou Province (January, 2004)
(10) Forest Regulations of Guizhou Province (March, 2000)
20 (11) Regulations on the Protection of Traditional Culture and Folklore in Guizhou Province (July, 2002)
(12) Land Management Regulations of Guizhou Province, September 24th, 2000
(13) Public Notice of Provincial People's Government on the Classification of Key Prevention Areas of Water and Soil Loss (No. [1998]52 Instruction Issued by Guizhou Government)
(14) Regulations on the Xishui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province
(15) Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in Zunyi (Revised in 2011)
(16) Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in Bijie (No. [2004]32 Instruction Issued by Bijie Government)
1.3.4 Technological Basis
The related technical basis of this project is the same as those of EIA of Sichuan.
1.3.5 Policies and Guidelines of World Bank
(1)Operation Policy on Environmental Assessment(OP 4.01)；
(2)Operation Policy on— Natural Habitat(OP4.04)；
(3)Operation Policy on Pest Management (OP4.09)；
(4)General Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines
(5)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Mammalian Livestock Production
(6)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines For Annual Corp Production
(7)Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines For Food and Beverage Processing
1.3.6 Relevant Plans and Documents
(1) The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China
21 (2) Outline for Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China (2011-2020);
(3) National Modern Agriculture Development Plan (2011-2015) (GF〔2012〕 No.4);
(4) Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation Plan for Wumeng Mountain Region (2011-2020);
(5) The Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Guizhou Province;
(6) The Twelfth Five-year Poverty Alleviation and Development Plan of Guizhou Province;
(7) The “Twelfth Five-year” Special Plan for Featured Agriculture Development of Guizhou Province;
(8) The “Twelfth Five-year” Construction Plan for Industrial Poverty Alleviation in Ecological Animal Husbandry of Guizhou Province;
(9) The “Twelfth Five-year” Construction Plan for Virus-free Potato Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Guizhou Province;
(10) Feasibility Study Report for Guizhou Project of Industrial Poverty Alleviation Pilot Projects Loaned by the World Bank in Poverty-stricken Areas in China; June, 2014.
(11) Power of Attorney, Foreign Capital Project Management Center of the Poverty Alleviation and Development Office of Guizhou Province, February, 2014;
(12) Environmental Impact Assessment Outline for the Sixth Session of Poverty Alleviation Project of the World Bank;
(13) Industry Water Consumption Quota of Guizhou Province (DB52/T725-2011)。
1.4 Evaluation Standards
Most general assessment standards of this Project are the same as Sichuan Environmental Impact Assessment, but the environment assessment standards for this Project shall still be completely reserved for the convenient implementation of the Project.
1.4.1 Standards of Ground Water Environment
22 (1) Standards for the Quality of Ground Water Environment
Based on the Regulations on the Functional Classification of Water Environment along Ground Water Areas in Guizhou Province (No. 22 Instruction[1994]issued by Guizhou government, Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in Zunyi (Revised in 2011) and Regulations on the Functional Areas Classification of Ground Water Environment in Bijie (No. [2004]32 Instruction Issued by Bijie Government), the water body in the areas covered by the assessment during the project belongs to the Class III functional area under the Class III standards of the Standards on the Quality of Ground Water Environment (GB3838－2002). Please refer to the Table 1.4-1 for relevant standard values.
Table 1.4-1, Standards on the Quality of Ground Water Environment (Excerpts) Unit: mg/L (except pH) Potassium
Project pH COD BOD5 DO Petroleum NH3-N Permanganate Index ClassⅢ 6～9 20 4 ≥5 0.05 1.0 6 Standards
(2) Discharge Standard for Surface Water Environmental Pollutants
Wastewater discharged by enterprises into rivers shall meet the primary standard of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (GB8978-1996) while wastewater discharged into agricultural irrigation canals and ditches shall meet Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005); additionally, rural wastewater shall meet the three standard of the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). Please refer to Table 1.4-2, Table 1.4-3 and Table 1.4-4 for the standard values.
Table 1.4-2 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards (Excerpts) Unit: mg/L (except pH) Animal and Project pH COD BOD Petroleum NH -N SS 5 Vegetable Oil 3 Class I 6～9 100 20 10 5 15 70 Standard
Table 1.4-3 Water Quality Standard For Farm Irrigation (Excerpts) Unit: mg/L (except pH) Crop Water Number of Fecal pH COD BOD SS Strains 5 Temperature℃ Coliforms/100ml
23 hydroponic 150 60 35 4000 80 crops aerobic 5.5~8.5 200 100 35 4000 100 cultivation Vegetable 100a,60b 40a,15b 35 2000 a,1000b 60a,15b Note: a. vegetables that have been processed, cooked and peeled b. vegetables, cucurbits and vegetables, cucurbits and fruits that can be eaten directly without being cooked that can be eaten directly without being cooked Table 1.4-4 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (Extract) Unit: mg/L (Except pH) Animal and Item pH COD BOD Petroleum NH -N SS 5 Vegetable Oil 3 three 6～9 120 60 20 15 - 50 Standard
1.4.2 Standards on the Evaluation of Ambient Air
(1) Standards on the Quality of Ambient Air
The air quality in the areas covered by the project is regulated by the Standards on the Quality of Ambient Air (GB3095-1996) and Class II Standards revised in 2000 prior to 2016. After 2016, it shall be managed by the Class II Standards of the Standards on the Quality of Ambient Air (GB3095-2012); characterization factors HS and NH implement the Highest Allowable Concentration Standards of Harmful Substances in the Residential Areas under the Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (TJ36-79). The relevant standard values are as what the Table 1.4-4 shows:
Table 1.4-5 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of the Ambient Air Quality Unit: mg/m³ Daily Evaluation Average Highest Allowable Average Remarks Factor Value/H Concentration/Time Value SO 0.15 0.50 / 2 Class II Standards in NO 0.08 0.24 / 2 GB3095-1996 and 2000 revised PM 0.15 / / 10 version TSP 0.30 / /
SO2 0.15 0.50 / GB3095-2012 Class II
24 NO2 0.08 0.20 / Standards PM10 0.15 / / TSP 0.30 / / NH / / 0.20 3 TJ36-79 H2S / / 0.01
(2) Discharge Standards of Ambient Air
The discharge of exhaust gas shall be regulated by the Class II Standards of Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants (GB14554-1993) and Class II Standards of the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297- 1996). Please refer to Table 1.4-5 for standard values:
Table 1.4-5 Emission Standards of Atmospheric Pollutants during the Project Unit: mg/m3, Odor Concentration Dimensionless Highest Allowable Emission Unorganized Emission, Concentration Monitoring Concentration (Organized, Limits Pollutants Standards 15mexhaust Funnel) Concentrat Rate of Concentration ion Speed Monitory Point (Mg/M3) (mg/m3) (Kg/H) SO 550 2.6 Highest 0.40 2 GB16297- NO 240 0.77 Concentration 0.12 2 1996 Point Outside TSP 120 3.5 1.0 Class II Perimeter NH / 4.9 Concentration 1.5 3 GB14554- H S / 0.33 Limits Within 0.06 2 1993 Odor The Factory / 2000 20 Class II Concentration Boundary
The rural tourism of the Project includes catering, and the cooking fume in this Project shall meet the Emission Standard of Cooking Fume (GB18483-2001), and the regulations thereof are listed in Table 1.4-7 and Table 1.4-8.
Table 1.4-7 Emission Standard of Cooking Fume (GB18483-2001): Size Division of Catering Units Size Small-sized Medium-sized Large-sized
25 Standard Number of Cooking ≥1， <3 ≥3，<6 ≥6 Ranges Corresponding Gross Power of the 1.67 ，<5.00 ≥5.00，<10 ≥10 Cooking Ranges (108J/h) Total Projected Area of the Corresponding Exhaust Hood Face ≥1.1，<3.3 ≥3.3，<6.6 ≥6.6 (m2)
Table 1.4-8 Maximum Permissive Fume Discharge Concentration and Minimum Removal Efficiency of Fume Purification Facilities Size Small-sized Medium-sized Large-sized Maximum Permissive Discharge 2.0 Concentration (mg/m3) Minimum Removal Efficiency of Fume Purification Facilities 60 75 85 （％）
1.4.3 Evaluation Standards of Acoustic Environment
(1) Quality Standards of Acoustic Environment
The project is carried out in rural areas and acoustic environment is regulated in accordance with the Class II Standards of Quality Standards of Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008). The relevant standard values are as what Table 1.4-6 demonstrates:
Table 1.4-6 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of Acoustic Environment Quality Unit: dB (A) Time Frame Daytime Nighttime Standards GB3096-2008 Class II 60 50
(2) Discharge Standards of Acoustic Environment
The noise displacement during the project is regulated by the Table 1 Standards of Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction site (GB12523-2011). Please refer to Table 1.4-7 for more details.
26 Table 1.4-7 Emission Standard of Environment Noises for Boundary of Construction site Unit: dB (A) Daytime Nighttime 70 55
The industrial enterprises noise is regulated by the Class II Standards of Emission Standard of Environment Noises for Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-2008). Please refer to Table 1.4-8 for more details.
Table 1.4-8, Implementation Standards of Industrial Enterprises Noise Unit: dB (A) Time Frame Daytime Nighttime Standards GB12348-2008 Class II 60 50
1.4.4 Standards on the Quality of Underground Water
The underground water environment in the areas covered by the project is regulated by the Class III Standards in the Standards on the Quality of Underground Water (GB/T14848-93). Please refer to Table 1.4-9 for more details.
Table 1.4-9 Standards of Evaluation on the Status Quo of the Underground Water Environment Quality Implementation Standards Project Standards Value Level pH 6.5～8.5 Permanganate Index ≤3.0g/L Total Hardness ≤450mg/L Iron ≤0.3mg/L Standards of Manganese ≤0.1mg/L Underground Sulfate ≤250mg/L Water Quality Class Ⅲ Chloride ≤250mg/L (GB/T14848-93) Nitrate ≤20mg/L
Nitrite ≤0.02mg/L Fluoride ≤1.0mg/L Arsenic ≤0.05mg/L Mercury ≤0.001mg/L
27 1.4.5 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001)
At present, there is Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001) aiming at pollutant discharge in livestock and poultry breeding. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001) specifies its applicable range as follows “the Standard is applicable to pollutant discharge in intensive livestock and poultry farm and culture zone nationwide, and to environment impact assessment, and design, completed acceptance of environmental protection devices, and discharge management after its commissioning.” Scale classification of livestock and poultry farm and culture zone used in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB18596-2001) are shown in Table 1.4-10 and 1.4-11.
Table 1.4-10 Use Scale of Intensive Livestock and Poultry Farm (calculated by breeding amount)
Category Chicken (Nr.) Cattle (Nr.) Swine (Nr.) Laying Broiler (above 25kg) Adult cow Beef cattle Scale Classification hen chicken
Class I ≥3000 ≥100000 ≥200000 ≥200 ≥400
15000≤Q 30000≤Q Class II 500≤Q＜3000 100≤Q＜200 200≤Q＜400 ＜100000 ＜200000
Table 1.4-11 Use Scale of Intensive Livestock and Poultry Culture Zone (calculated by breeding amount)
Category Chicken (Nr.) Cattle (Nr.) Swine (Nr.) Scale Broiler (above 25kg) Laying hen Adult cow Beef cattle Classification chicken
Class Ⅰ ≥6000 ≥200000 ≥400000 ≥400 ≥800 100000≤ 3000≤Q＜ 200000≤Q 200≤Q＜ 400≤Q＜ Class Ⅱ Q ＜400000 6000 ＜200000 400 800
Note: Q means breeding quantity
28
The largest farming scale of the project: both intensive chicken farm (capacity: 11,000 chicken per farm) and free-ranging of sheep (84 sheep at most per household) are smaller than the minimum farming scale of intensive livestock and poultry farms and aquiculture areas appropriate to Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001); as a result, pollutant discharge resulting to breeding in the project does not apply to provisions in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001). According to site investigation, many farmlands spread in the project area and breeding generated wastewater could be used for farmland fertilization and irrigation after collecting and fermentation treatment. According to wastewater discharge whereabouts, wastewater from breeding shall abide by provisions in Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) and solid waste should be used as organic fertilizers after being thoroughly decomposed.
HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming has put forward discharge standards of wastewater from livestock and poultry breeding and for the convenience of supervision of wastewater in the project operation phase, it is now specially comparing the wastewater discharge standards in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming and Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005), with the results as shown in Table 1.4-12.
Table 1.4-12 Comparison of World Bank and Domestic Standards --- Wastewater Composition of Livestock Farming Standards for Irrigation Water Quality Poultry ESH (GB5084-2005) Pollution Factor Unit Guide Paddy Field Dry Land Vegetables Crop Crop pH pH 6-9 5.5-8.5 Biochemical 60 100 40a,15b mg/L 50 Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen 150 200 100 a,60b mg/L 250 Demand Total Nitrogen mg/L 10 / / / Total Phosphorus mg/L 2 / / / Grease mg/L 10 / / / Total Suspended mg/L 50 80 100 60a,15b
29 Solid Temperature Rise ℃ ＜3b / / / Total Escherichia / / / MPNa/100mL 400 Coli
Remarks: definitions of a and b in the ESH Guide: a refers to MPN = Most Probable Number; and b means the elevation of temperature at the edge of the mixing zone affirmed by scientific method under the premises of comprehensively considering ambient water quality, application of receiving waters, potential acceptors and assimilative capacity.
However, according to Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005), a indicates processed, cooked and peeled vegetable and b refers to uncooked vegetable and fruit, as well as herbal fruit.
For the standards of wastewater discharge in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming of World Bank, it refers to the discharge standard of livestock breeding wastewater discharged into surface water after sedimentation + biochemical treatment + (anaerobic + aerobiotic) + disinfection. Indexes of all pollution factors are more stringent than Standards for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005). As the project is located in villages without perfect sewage treatment system, so the discharge standard of livestock breeding wastewater in HSE Guide in Mammal Livestock Farming of World Bank is not applicable to the project.
According to the site survey, there are a lot of farmlands and forest lands surrounding the livestock breeding project, the livestock breeding wastewater can be used for farm irrigation after sedimentation + simple anaerobic treatment and the Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) is applicable to farm irrigation water supplied by surface water, underground water, wastewater in breeding industry after treatment, and industrial wastewater using agricultural materials for processing. In comprehensive consideration of project sewage discharge, applied standard territoriality and standard stringency, the sewage discharge standard in livestock and poultry industry shall be implemented according to Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005).
1.4.6 Agricultural Crops Farming Industry-Associated Standards for Environment
30 The agricultural crops farming industry involves the use of water and fertilizer. The improper irritation and use of water and fertilizer will definitely lead to environment pollution in the end. In accordance with the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Annual Seedling Agricultural Products by World Bank, the nutritional requirement of the annual seedling agricultural products and water consumption of specific annual seeding agricultural crops shall be taken into account.
Table 1.4-15 Nutritional Requirement of the Annual Seedling Agricultural Products (World Bank EHS Handbook)
Nutrients/Production (kg/100kg) b e Annual Seedling Agricultural Products Phosphorus Magnesium Nitrogen N Potassium K2O P2O5 MgO Frumentum 2.30～3.15 0.94～1.37 1.88～3.62 0.30～0.46 Potato and beets Used 0.31 0.10～0.15 0.42～0.79 0.02～0.11 As Feed Maize for Feedstuffs 0.38 0.14 0.70 0.08 Alfalfa and Purple 0.80 0.16 0.70 0.08 Alfalfa Mixture of Green 0.40 0.14 0.60 0.05 Forage Note: good agricultural practice in Poland, Svebolle Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation，1999; bBy-products with appropriate amount
Table 1.4-16 Water Consumption of Specific Annual Seeding Agricultural Crops (World Bank EHS Handbook)
Water Demand of Annual Agricultural Seedling Corps b (mm, the Typical Production and Efficiency a Agricultural whole stage of Products growth) The economic productivity of better cereal is 6～ 9t/hm2 (including 10%～13% of humidity) under the Corn 500～800 irrigation conditions. The efficiency of water utilization of Ey is different from the types of cereal, which is 0.8～1.6kg/m3. Sorghum / 450～650 High output can be achieved under the circumstances
31 Proso that the irrigation water per hectare is 3.5～5t. The Millet water use efficiency of Ey is at between 0.6～ 1.0kg/m3 As to the agricultural corps with a growth period of 120 days under irrigation conditions, the good output is 25～35t fresh tubers per hectare in temperate and Potato 500～700 subtropical regions, and 15～25t in tropical regions. The water use efficiency of Ey is 4～7kg/m3 if calculated by the fruits with 70%～75% of water. The relatively good output of wheat is 4～6t/hm2 450～650 (High (12%～15% of humidity) under the irrigation Wheat Output) conditions. The water use efficiency of Ey is 0.8～1.0 kg/m3 Note: aFAO (2002a) bFAO AGL (1991)
Guizhou Province Water-Use Quota about agricultural water-use quota in the Guideline for Environment, Health and Safety of Annual Seeding Agricultural Product of the World Bank is not unified in related units, lack of comparability. According to the natures of the project implementation area, in this evaluation select Guizhou Province Water-Use Quota is selected as the agricultural irrigation water-use standards; In the part about fertilizer usage in the Guideline for Environment, Health and Safety of Annual Seeding Agricultural Product of the World Bank, it has clearly pointed out the demanded quantity of each kind of nutrient element, and the Detailed Regulation for Total Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th Five-year Plan of the Ministry of Environmental Protection has stipulated the environmental absorption ability of each acre of land as quota criterion, lack of fertilizer usage quota, which is lack of comparability compared with related standards of the World Bank. After a comprehensive consideration, this evaluation selects related fertilizer usage standards in the Detailed Regulation for Total Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th Five-year Plan of the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
1.4.7 Associated Environment Standards of Processing Industry
The projects associated with processing industry mainly involve the primary processing of tee, pepper, traditional Chinese medicinal materials, etc. In accordance with the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing by World
32 Bank, the emission of PM (particulate matter) by the food processing enterprises with a need to discharge smoke shall not be higher than 50mg/m3 under normal conditions, which is more stringent than the emission limits of 120mg/m3 stipulated by the Class II Standards of the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297- 1996). As far as the environmental protection and long-term development of enterprises are concerned, the environment evaluation suggests the emission of PM in the exhaust gas shall be in line with the standard of ≤50 mg/m3, while the rest of the factors are regulated by the Class II standards of the Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297- 1996). As to the emission of waste water, the Table One in the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing shows the discharge level of waste water by food and drink processing enterprises. Please refer to Table 1.4-17 for more details.
Table 1.4-17 Discharge Level of Waste Water by Food and Drink Processing Industry (World Bank EHS Handbook) Pollutants Unit Standard Values pH pH 6～9
BOD5 mg/L 50 COD mg/L 250 Total Nitrogen mg/L 10 Total Phosphorus mg/L 2 Oil And Fat mg/L 10 Total Suspended Solids mg/L 50 Temperature Increment ℃ ＜3b Total Coliform Group MPNa/100mL 400 Active Constituents/Antibiotic Decided by Different Situations Note: aMPN= Maximum Possible Number of Coliform; bMeasured along the edge of pollutant mixing zone. The zone is established in a scientific way and meanwhile takes the water quality in the environment after discharge, application of receiving waters, potential acceptors and assimilative capacity into account
Table 1.4-17 shows the standard values about the discharge of waste water by food and processing industry stipulated by the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing, and in comparison with the Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), only some values are better than the domestic standards. What’s more, the Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) and Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) are based on the domestic water environment and therefore has wider regional characteristics and applicability, and from the perspective of waste water discharge of projects, the regions to which the standards apply as well as the severity of standards, the discharge of waste water by the food
33 processing projects shall be regulated by the Class I standards of the Water Quality Standard for Farm Irrigation (GB5084-2005) or Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), while the relevant indicators shall refer to the data in the Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines of Food and Drink Processing.
1.4.8 Evaluation Standards on Soil and Water Loss
The Evaluation Standards on Soil and Water Loss uses the average soil loss for several years in the project areas as reference, and makes classification according to Table 1.4-18 Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China-Standards on the Soil Erosion Classification (SL190-2007)
Table 1.4-18 Standards on the Classification of Soil Erosion Intensity AVERAGE EROSION MODULUS LEVEL [t/(km2·a)] Micro Degree of Erosion <200，500，1000 Minor Erosion 200，500，1000～2500 Moderate Erosion 2,500～5000 Severe Erosion 5,000～8000 Highly Severe Erosion 8,000～15000 Intense Erosion >15000
1.5 Classification, Level and Scope of Evaluation; Factors and Key
Points of Evaluation
1.5.1Classification of Evaluation
According to the Notice on Enhancing the Management of Environment Evaluation of the Construction Projects Sponsored by the International Financing Organization Loan issued by the departments like the State Environmental Protection Administration (No. 324 Instruction [1993]) as well as the terms of Environment Evaluation in the Safety Safeguard Policy of World Bank OP4.01, the evaluation is divided into three types in combination with the degree and scope of influence by expectedly established projects on environment and environmental sensitivity of the regions covered by the project. Please refer to Table 1.5-1 for more details.
Table 1.5-1 Classification of Evaluation on Environment by Construction Projects Evaluation Environment Evaluation Evaluation Content Classification
34 This kind of projects shall come Key disadvantageous influence on Class A with comprehensive environment by construction projects environment evaluation Usually This kind of projects don’t need any comprehensive The projects whose scope and environment evaluation, but it severity of possible disadvantageous does need special environment influence on environment is limited Class B evaluation or analysis on the and can be remarkably reduced via environment influence according advanced process and mature to the characteristics of key prevention measures elements of projects and environment This kind of projects normally don’t need to carry out any The construction projects which will environment influence or not impose any negative influence or environment influence analysis, Class C just minor negative influence on and only fulfill the procedures environment for the record according to the regulation of environment protection management
The project is divided into the Class B (EIA-B) according to the nature, scale and severity of influence of the project, and the environment characteristics of the regions covered by the project, as well as the short-term, non-significant and reversible influence of the project on surroundings.
1.5.2 Evaluation Level
The evaluation level of the project shall be decided by the requirements of environmental function in the project areas, the characteristics, nature, scale and scope, severity of influence of project and the technological guidelines for the evaluation of associated environment evaluation. The evaluation level of the project is shown in Table 1.5-2.
Table 1.5-2 Evaluation Level of Each Special Subject Evaluation Evaluation Basis of Classification Subject Level In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Evaluation of Environment Influence·Ecological Influence Ecological Class III (HJ19-2011), the project covers large areas with diversified Environment ecotypes. but the strength of development is not enough with farmers as main targets, and the areas it covers are not
35 continuous and centralized; the land used for road construction is based on village, and adjusted and distributed internally on the basis of respect for public opinion and doesn’t involve any land acquisition. In accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Evaluation of Environment Influence·Acoustic Environment (HJ2.4-2009), the acoustic environment functional areas covered by the project belong to Class I Environmental Class II and Class II standard areas, the level of Sensitive target Noise noise within the evaluated scope before and after the construction project is increased less than 3dB (A) (not including 3dB (A)), and the population size impacted by the project is not changed noticeably. The discharge source of waste water during the project mainly includes livestock farmers, and primary processing factories of tianma, salvia, peppers, dictyophora. Other pollution is non-point source pollution arising out of cultivation. According to Technical Guidelines for the Ground Water Evaluation of Environment Influence-Water Environment Class III Environment (HJ/T2.3-93), the discharge of waste water is <1000m3/d on an average, and pollutants belong to the Non-persistent ones; the number of water quality parameters that need to estimate the concentration is <7, while the severity degree of waste water quality is “simple”. The evaluation level is decided as Class III. The influence of project on underground water mainly centers on the farming, irrigation and fertilizing. There is no need to use the underground water during the project. According to Technical Guidelines for the Evaluation of Environment Influence-Underground Water Environment (HJ610-2011), the project belongs to Class I construction project. The antifouling property of aeration zone is Underground Class III “moderate and high” while the vulnerability of Water water-bearing stratum to pollution within the construction site is “moderate; no centralized source of underground living water supply or other sensitive areas of underground water, so the level of sensitivity is “insensitive”. The complexity of water quality of the construction project is “simple”. According to the Technical Guidelines, the evaluation level is Class III. Ambient Air Class III The project covers the road and cultivation projects, which
36 will produce the exhaust gas by motor vehicles and odor pollution. The rural roads are not in good quality and less than the Fourth Grade, and located at remote areas; cultivation by different families is adopted instead of by establishing intensive livestock farms. According to
HJ2.2-2008, Pmax<10% or D10% is < the nearest distance of pollution source to the boundary of the site. The level of evaluation on atmospheric environment is Class III.
1.5.3 Scope of Evaluation
The scope of evaluation in the project is shown in Table 1.5-3
Table 1.5-3 Scope of Evaluation Key Elements of Scope of Evaluation Environment Use the complete climate unit, hydrologic unit, ecological unit and ecological geographical unit boundaries associated with the evaluation projects as environment references 200m outside the construction site during the period of construction, 200m within the both sides of the central line of a road are sensitive spots; Acoustic the scope of evaluation for the food processing projects is the areas 200m Environment outside the construction site while the scope for the livestock breeding project is within 200m outside the boundaries of breeding houses. Water Ground and underground water resources covered by the project areas. Environment Areas 200m within both sides of road central line and some sensitive spots; areas centering on the preliminary processing workshops and 5km Ambient Air in diameter. As to the livestock and poultry breeding project, within a square 5km in side length around the breeding houses slated to be built. The key places include counties and towns directly influenced by each Social sub-projects or counties (cities, districts) indirectly impacted by the Environment project, and also the infrastructures, resources and landscapes and so on within an area of 200m on both sides of road central line.
1.5.4 Evaluation Factors
(1) Recognition of Environment Influence
In accordance with the environmental characteristics of the project and the regions it
37 covers, the Results of Comprehensive Recognition of Key Environment Influence Elements are shown as follows:
Table 1.5-4 Comprehensive Recognition of Key Environment Influence Elements of Project Engineering Time Frame Environment Evaluation Project ●disruption and inconvenience to traffic
and residents Arrangement of ●dust and muddy roads, affecting air Construction Preparation quality and landscape Site, Stage ●washing away of waste slag left by Establishment earth rock excavation of Construction ●disturbance to the life and work of Road people around ●influence of land use, waste slag, construction roads and sites on Establishment ecological environment Construction of Workshops ●influence of environment caused by Stage and Offices noises, dust, waste water and solid wastes. ●influence of environment caused by Construction noises, dust, waste water and solid Stage Road wastes. Construction ●influence of land use, waste slag, construction roads and sites on ecological environment ●destruction of arable land and Seedling Base vegetation and Cultivation ●water and soil loss Seedling Base ●non-point source pollution by the use of and Cultivation pesticides and fertilizers ●environment influence caused by noises Road and vehicle exhaust ●pollution caused by livestock manure, Operation Disadvantageous etc. Stage Influence Cultivation ●influence of cultivation on the demand of grasslands ●influence of foul smell Processing ●influence caused by noises and waste Workshop water
38 Engineering Time Frame Environment Evaluation Project ●change the current composition of industrial crops to enhance farmers’ Seedling Base income and Cultivation ●optimize the current way of cultivation to reduce environment pollution and impact on eco system ●improve the regional traffic conditions to provide convenience for residents and optimize the structure of villages Road Advantageous ●improve the investment environment in Influence regions to provide aid for sustainable development ●provide high-quality organic fertilizer for farmers Cultivation ●optimize the structure of breeding houses to effectively dispose of livestock manure ●enhance the initial processing of Processing industrial crops to increase farmers’ Workshop income.
Generally speaking, the environment influence and pollution caused by the project is mainly shown by the waste water, solid wastes and exhaust gas, and the other aspects include noise pollution along the roads or from the processing workshops; the influence on eco system centers around the natural ecological environment (land use, water and soil loss and influence on plants and animals), and is embodied secondarily in social environment such as residents’ travel, traffic, landscape, social economy, etc.
In accordance with the characteristics of environment influence and regions covered by the project, please see Table 1.5-5 for the qualitative relationship among the influences of the project on various key elements of environment resources at different stages
Recognition of Evaluation on Environment Influence of the Project and Screening Matrix Project Recog Physical-Che social-economic Stage Activiti nition Ecological Environment mical environment es of Environment
39 Influe Conse Live nce Vege rvatio Gro Sol Loc Emplo s of No Ind Public Level Land tation n of A und id al yment Resi ise ustr Transp scape Cove Water ir Wa Wa econ Servic dent s y ortation r and ter stes omy e s Soil Recognition of - Influence -Ⅰ -Ⅱ -Ⅱ -Ⅲ -Ⅲ -Ⅰ -Ⅰ +Ⅰ +Ⅱ +Ⅲ +Ⅲ Ⅱ Level Constr Initial uction - -Ⅲ -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 -2 -3 -1 Stage Prepara 1 tion Works hops - -Ⅲ -2 -2 -2 -3 -2 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3 and 2 offices Roadbe - -Ⅲ -2 -3 -2 -3 -2 -1 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3 Constr d 1 uction Land - Stage Consoli -Ⅰ -2 -1 -1 -3 -2 -3 -1 +3 +3 -2 +3 1 dation Materia l - -Ⅰ -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -1 +3 +3 -3 +3 Transp 2 ortation Transp - -Ⅰ -2 -1 +3 +1 -3 -1 -1 +3 +3 +3 +3 ortation 2 Plantin + +Ⅱ +2 +3 +2 +3 +1 -1 +1 +1 +3 +2 +3 g 2 Operat Breedi - ion -Ⅱ -2 -1 +3 -2 -1 -2 -3 +1 +3 +3 ng 2 Stage Process ing - -Ⅰ -1 +2 +1 -2 -2 -1 +3 +3 +3 Works 1 hop
Note: (1) single influence recognition: representing the influence of a project activity on an environment element, and the degree of influence is recognized as follows: + advantageous influence; -disadvantageous influence; 1: minor influence; 2; general influence; 3, serious influence. (2) Comprehensive (or accumulative) influence recognition: representing the comprehensive influence of
40 a project activity on the key elements of various environments, or the comprehensive influence of all project activities of a key environment element. It can be used to decide the selection of evaluation factors. The degree of influence is recognized as follows: I: minor influence; II: general influence; III: serious influence.
During the construction period, the impact on environment imposed by project activities like construction of roads, plants and offices is perpetual, and the rests belong to temporary impact. The environment influencing key elements during this period are: ecological environment, water and soil conservation, social environment, water environment, acoustic environment and air environment.
Environment influence during the operation period will last for a very long time, and the environment influencing key elements are: acoustic environment, water environment, air environment, ecological environment and social and economic environment.
(2) Selection of Evaluation Factors
Specify the environment evaluation factors for various key environmental factors by recognition of environment influence by the project, and combination of environmental sensitivity along the areas as well as the analysis on the relationship of mature impact. Please refer to the following table for more details.
Table 1.5-6 Evaluation Factors of Environment Influence Total Key Environment Evaluation Factors of Forecast Evaluation Quantity Elements Status Quo Factors Control Factors equivalent sound level at equivalent sound level at Acoustic Environment daytime and nighttime daytime and nighttime (Ld、/ (Ld、Ln) Ln) Ground pH, SS, COD, BOD , pH, SS, COD, BOD5, water 5 / ammonia, nitrogen environment ammonia, nitrogen Domestic wastewater Ground from / pH、CODcr、BOD5、SS / Water construction site Industrial wastewater / pH、COD 、SS、petroleum / by mixing cr stations
41 Total Key Environment Evaluation Factors of Forecast Evaluation Quantity Elements Status Quo Factors Control Factors pH, Total hardness, pH, Total hardness, sulfate, sulfate, nitrite, Underground Water nitrite, permanganate permanganate index, ammonia, nitrogen index, ammonia, nitrogen SO 、NO 、PM 、H S、CO、NO2、PM10、SO2、 Atmosphere 2 2 10 2 / NH3 H2S、NH3 Construction stage： building debris、household household garbage, garbage by constructors; livestock manure , and Solid Wastes ： / solid wastes by planting Operation stage household straw, etc. garbage、livestock manure, solid wastes by planting straw, etc. Plants, terrestrial Animals Plants, terrestrial animals, animals, aquatic / and Plants aquatic organisms organisms number of land Land Use Status quo of land use occupation, land utilization / layout, agro-ecology amount of soil and water loss, damage areas of water Ecological erosion intensity, Water and conservation facilities, Environment erosion areas, causes of Soil Loss areas of earth's surface soil and water loss disturbance, hazards caused by soil and water loss Pollution arising out of Soil Status quo of soil quality fertilizer and pesticide application Rural and urban Landscape Rural and urban landscape / landscape Areas, population size, population size and output value mineral structure, life quality, Social Environment resources, tourism secondary development / Influence resources, industry, activity and occupation of agriculture, land transportation
1.5.5 Key Points of Evaluation
42 It is decided according to the project characteristics and recognition of environment impact factors, that the environment evaluation of the project shall place an emphasis on the influence of construction projects on ecological environment, social economy, use of land and water resources as well as the protection measures and management plans regarding ecological and water environment.
The ecological influence of the project on agriculture, forestry and prataculture along the areas before and after the implementation of the project shall be also considered. And this include the impact arising out of land use, protection of animals and plants resources, ecological restoration, landscape greening measures, prevention and government of soil and water losses as well as plantation crops transformation.
The key points of evaluation on acoustic environment are the impact from traffic noises during the operation stage, noises from processing workshops and major sensitive points along the areas, and it includes the expected scope and severity of impact and measures adopted to protect environment.
The evaluation on water environment is mainly to assess the impact brought from the source of water for agricultural and breeding industries as well as utilization of ground and underground water resources before and after the project is carried out; the pollution caused by the use of agrochemicals and pesticides will also be taken into account.
43 2. Project Description
2.1 Project Objectives, Investment and Implementation Scheduling
2.1.1 Project Objectives
The Project aims at developing typical poverty-stricken areas in Bijie and Zunyi included in the destitute areas around Wumeng Mountain and at demonstrating the rural pillar industry development mode as well as implementing poverty alleviation pilot project loaned by the World Bank in poverty-stricken areas in China. Main targets of the Project are to strengthen sustainable agricultural production system, improve organizational arrangements and raise rural income. Five county-level administrative regions (including 3 national poverty-stricken counties given priority in aid) are selected for the Project, occupying 5.68% of the whole province and counties. The project covers 30 towns and 98 villages, 49,841 farmer households and 194,384 agricultural populations, including 20,305 rural poor households and 64,706 poverty populations, and the total investment of the Project is RMB 480,000,000. The Project intends to develop high-yield, ecological and high value-added industries so as to promote the agricultural restructuring in poverty-stricken areas and achieve ecological environmental protection and the sustainable increase of rural poor households’ income. Meanwhile, the Project also aims to demonstrate and promote the methods and modes for industrial poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas in China.
2.1.2 Total Investment and Implementation Scheduling of the Project
The total investment of the Project is RMB 480,000,000, including RMB 240,000,000 loaned by the World Bank (applying for USD 40,000,000 of the World Bank Loan, namely RMB 240,000,000 (exchange rate: USD 1 = RMB 6), occupying 50% of the total investment) and RMB 240,000,000 of domestic investment (accounting for 50% o the capital source).
The Project shall be gradually completed in 5 years from 2015 to 2020. According to the
44 construction plan of the Project, the investment for the first year, the second year, the third year, the fourth year and the fifth year are respectively RMB 85,890,000, RMB 194,700,000 Yuan, RMB 112,080,000, RMB 65,010,000 and RMB 22,320,000.
2.2 Project Implementation Area
The project totally covers 98 villages of 30 towns in 5 counties of two cities in Guizhou. For details, see Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-1.
Table 2.2-1 Villages (Towns), Counties and Areas (cities) Involved in This Project Number of the Remarks(Town/Village Location County Town Village Population Households Name) Involved Wanglong, Baiyun, Zunyi Chishui 6 19 4000 14240 Changsha, Shibu, Guandu & Changqi Fengshui, Rongguang, Zunyi Tongzi 4 11 8504 40896 Huaqiu & Gaoqiao Liangcun, Shuanglong, Yong'an, Guandian, Zunyi Xishui 7 26 3160 12400 Taolin, Erli & Xianyuan Lvtang, Dafang, Niuchang, Manchang, Bijie Dafang 8 19 21849 78928 Lihua, Yangchang, Wen'ge & Maochang Guiguo, Bijie Zhijin 5 23 12328 47920 Xiongjiachang, Baini, Heitu & Huaqi Total 30 98 49841 194384
2.3 Main contents and scale
The total investment in this project is RMB480 million, and the project is divided into 4 major subprojects, namely advantaged industrial value chain development, public infrastructure and service support, agricultural industrialization based poverty-relief
45 mechanism research and development, and project management, monitoring and evaluation. Therein, the two subprojects involve physical construction activities. (Please refer to Table 2.3-1).
Table 2.3-1 List of Main Construction Contents and Investment Total County Construction contents and scales investment % (10,000RMB) 1.Advantaged industrial value chain development 1.1 Cooperative development 78 cooperatives will be established, totally covering All 8300m2, and having 78 sets of office furniture, file counties cabinets, computers, photocopiers, communication, selected 2730.10 5.69 network, etc.; the management and industrial trainings are for the 1950 person-times; and, the trainings for the minorities project (peasant household) are 26125 person-times. 1.2 Standardized and large-scale production (1) Plantation: Cultivate 4500acres of 13.50 million dendrobium nobile lindl planting stocks,and purchase seed, fertilizer and pesticide; construct 4500 acres of shading facilities for dendrobium nobile lindl; construct 6 storage warehouses of dendrobium nobile lindl, of which each has 1861.25 3.88 the floor area of 100m2, and 600m2 totally, and purchase 6 sets of storage rack, measuring instrument, packing machine, etc.; construct a e-sales platform of dendrobium nobile lindl; and, build up a brand of dendrobium nobile lindl. (2)Breeding: 550000 Chishui black-bone chickens(50 Chishui centralized breeding sheds, of which each has 11,000 City black-bone chickens); selectively breed 1,000 Chishui black-bone chickens; construct 20000m2 of standard breeding sheds of Chishui black-bone chickens (50 centralized breeding sheds, of which each has the area of 400m2); construct 20000m fence guards of breeding 1882.00 3.92 Chishui black-bone chickens(50 centralized breeding sheds, of which each has the area of 400m); purchase 100 sets of breeding and epidemic prevention equipment of Chishui black-bone chickens(50 centralized breeding sheds, of which each has 2 sets); construct a advertising and marketing network of Chishui black-bone chickens;
46 construct 5 points of sales of Chishui black-bone chicken products; and, build up a brand of Chishui black-bone chicken. (1)Rural tourism: housing renovation of 100 poor peasant households in Xianyuan Town, 300-household courtyard economy in Xianyuan Town, 300 acres of summer-fall vegetable base in Xianyuan Town, 50 acres of nursery 655.00 1.36 garden in Xianyuan Town, rural tourism market Xishui development and promotion, propaganda website, tourism County product ordering system (2)Breeding: 50 demonstration breeding households of grey goats in the northern part of Guizhou, 80 ewes and 4 4610.00 9.60 rams per household; 1220 standard breeding households, 40m2 standard sheds, 10 ewes and one ram per household. (1)Rural tourism: 482-household country hotels, 482-household environmental protection facilities, 1102 acres of recreational orchards and gardens, 103 acres of 1883.54 3.92 green belts of sightseeing gardens, 36950m2 hardening area of sightseeing gardens, 600m2 rural supermarket, and 12 ponds renovated Tongxin (2)Breeding: 0.30 million free-range Huaqiu County chickens(native chickens of Huaqiu Town), 100-200 chickens per household, and 2258 households totally, 0.10 million hatching Huaqiu chickens purchased, 3000 605.99 1.26 improved Huaqiu chickens, 28120m fence, 13000m2 roost, health and epidemic prevention equipment, one hatchery, one brood chamber, 480m2 simple trade fair of Huaqiu chickens, and Huaqiu chicken product certification. 7000 acres of potato stocks planted, 700000kg of virus-free potato stocks purchased, 700000kg special fertilizers; 11000 acres of gastrodia elata bl. planted, 264000kg gastrodia elata bl. seeds purchased, 440000 bags of shoestring fungus, 300m2 stockpiling of gastrodia elata Dafang bl.; 2500 acres of salvia miltiorrhiza planted, 2500kg 2008.00 4.18 County salvia miltiorrhiza seeds purchased, 3 salvia miltiorrhiza seedling greenhouses, 100m2 stockpiling of salvia miltiorrhiza; 30000 acres of pepper planted, 15500kg pepper seeds planted, 11pepper seedling greenhouses, 500m2 storehouse of pepper. Zhijin 500 acres of primary virus-free potato stock propagation 10.7 5147.6 County base, 2000 acres of secondary virus-free potato stock 2
47 propagation base, 3000 acres of primary improved virus-free potato stock propagation base, potato stock, sprayer, mini tiller, pesticide, fertilizer, etc.; 1600 acres of dictyophora indusiata fisch planted, dictyophora indusiata fisch stock purchased, sprayer, pesticide, fertilizer, etc., 4 cold storages for dictyophora indusiata fisch, 500m2 farm product market for dictyophora indusiata fisch, a brand of dictyophora indusiata fisch built; 5000 acres of tea planted, tea seedling purchased, sprayer, pesticide, fertilizer, etc., a tea brand built. 1.3 Increase of industrial added value (product processing) 6 dendrobium nobile lindl pre-processing facilities at the Chishui points of origin, of which the floor area is 600m2 each 90.00 0.19 City (removing fibrous roots, branches and leaves→plain bamboo crate, covered with cattail mat) (1)3 gastrodia elata bl. pre-processing facilities, of which floor area is 300m2each (gastrodia elata bl. grading→rinsing off with clean water→steaming→baking 453.00 0.94 on a heatable brick bed), 3 sets of facilities constructed and purchased. (2)2 salvia miltiorrhiza pre-processing facilities, of which the floor area is 200m2 each(semi-drying in Dafang sunshine→removing soil from roots→stockpiling for 324.00 0.68 County sweating→full drying in sunshine), 2 sets of facilities constructed and purchased. (3) 7 pepper pre-processing facilities, covering 1000m2(picking, stalk removing→cleaning, picking→draining→drying→stockpiling), 7 sets of pepper 1170.00 2.44 drying, grading, packaging and processing facilities and devices. (1)10 sets of pre-processing equipment of dictyophora indusiata fisch (dictyophora indusiata fisch gathered in sunny days is dried in the sunshine, while that gathered in wet days is dried with infrared lamps; and, dictyophora 204.00 0.42 indusiata fisch after baking is bundled, packed into Zhijin double-deck plastic bags, sealed tightly, and stored in a County cool and dark place.) , 10 sets of pre-processing equipment of dictyophora indusiata fisch. (2)Tea pre-processing, 3200m2 (fresh leaf→de-enzyming→kneading→drying→packing), and a 579.00 1.21 tea processing equipment(hot-air de-enzyming unit).
48 1.4 Public - private partnership Training for cooperatives, peasant household; and, All activities for poor peasant households and farmer groups 602.04 1.25 counties (visit, investigation, communication, symposium, etc.). selected Industrial risk prevention: agricultural insurances for for the various industries, preventing market risks and natural 379.57 0.79 project catastrophe risks. 2.Public infrastructures 2.1 Industrial facilities 145km production roads, 5500 acres of dendrobium nobile lindl irrigation facilities, 100 ponds, 100 water diversion facilities of the ponds,200 sets of breeding and epidemic prevention equipment for black-bone chickens, 50 biogas digesters, 50 ponds and water diversion facilities, and fair market of dendrobium nobile lindl(3000m2). 106km production road for dendrobium nobile lindl; 4500 Chishui acres of irrigation facilities for dendrobium nobile lindl; 82 2559.70 5.33 City ponds for dendrobium nobile lindl; water diversion facilities of 82 ponds for dendrobium nobile lindl;50 biogas digesters for breeding Chishui black-bone chickens; 50 ponds and water diversion facilities for Chishui black-bone chickens; 10kmproduction roads for Chishui black-bone chicken; 3000m2 fair market of dendrobium nobile lindl; and, a set of fair market facilities for dendrobium nobile lindl. 2.1 Industrial facilities Production roads: production road for grey goats in the northern part of Guizhou, connecting 6 towns and 23 villages, with a total length of 55.6km; rural tourism and production roads of 7.5km, connecting 3 villages in Xianyuan Town. Production roads: 70km production roads for grey goats in Xishui the northern part of Guizhou, connecting 6 towns and 23 3281.00 6.84 County villages; and, 10km rural tourism and production roads, connecting 3 villages in Xianyuan Town. Rural tourism and industrial roads: 400m stone roads. Drinking water engineering for people and livestock: 2 ponds in Runnan Village in Yong'an Town; 4 drinking water engineering projects for people and livestock, respectively in Hecun Village, Huangtao Village,
49 Xinzhuang Village and Sanxing Village in Guandian Town; one drinking water engineering for people and livestock in Zhangpeng Village, Liangcun Town, and one water pumping station; 2 drinking water engineering projects for people and livestock in Liangcun Town(respectively in Xiaogou and Xinglongtai); and, 5 drinking water engineering projects for people and livestock in Xianyuan Town; and, one water conservancy project in Sanyuan, Xianyuan Town. 2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and other infrastructures ) Xianyuan Town will be furnished with one garbage carrier, 120 sewage treatment facilities for rural tourism, 1000m2 cultural plaza(the new plaza of Xiaozhangcun Village), 2 public toilets of which each has 10 squatting pans, 3 2-storey hexagon leisure pavilions, 90m2 wooden viewing platform and 51m wood fence. 2.1 Industrial facilities 16km tourism highway hardening; 75km footway hardening (including sidewalk for fishing); folk culture building(ancient temple, ancient fortress, locking pavilion renovated, taxus protection, suona culture building renovated); 19100m2 leisure square; 6 sets of supporting fitness facilities, lighting, equipment, cultural packaging, etc.; 16 sets of safe water diversion facilities; 2km village tourism roads; 6 simple fishing pavilions; 8km green belts Tongxin along the sidewalk for fishing; 215m3 fishing platform; 3140.06 6.54 County 2km production road for Huaqiu chickens; 15 ponds and supporting facilities for Huaqiu chickens; and 21 manure disposal pools for Huaqiu chickens. 2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and other infrastructures ) Solar street lights: 300; garbage disposal pool: 412m2; dustbins: 920; public toilet: 420m2; treatment facilities of sanitary sewage from country hotel: 4 sets; garbage carriers: 5; parking lot: 3900m2. 2.1 Industrial facilities
Industrial roads: 58km; production roads: 61km; irrigation Dafang 4446.00 9.26 and drainage channels: 43km; and, storage and County refrigeration equipment for potatoes: 2100m2;
50 2.2 Public market facilities (electricity, water, road and other infrastructures ) Power facilities 24km. 2.1 Industrial facilities 9km tractor road, 72km production road, 60 ponds, 50km Zhijin dictyophora indusiata irrigating systems, 110km tea 1981.00 4.13 County irrigation facilities, 3000m2storage warehouse, and 3 market facilities of agricultural products having a total area of 1500m2; Public services and equipment: 5 sets of office equipment, All training for 1240 person-times, consulting and technical counties services, employment and training of counselors, project selected 1246.05 2.60 management, food safety testing and control, public for the outreach and training services, market system construction, project agricultural research, and technology transfer 3. Industrial Poverty Alleviation Mechanism Research and Development Projects 3.1 Training Cultivate and train more than 7,000 technicists and industrial 60 0.12 workers every year for the project areas. 3.2 Capability Building Establish specialized cooperative organizations for farmers, develop relevant trainings for farmers, improve farmers’ 140 0.29 organizational degree and self-development ability and enhance market competitiveness. 4. Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation It mainly includes the procurement of various office equipment for organization building (e.g. computers) and 2410 5.02 project monitoring management as well as monitoring evaluation. 5. Reserve of Unexpected Expenses It mainly includes budget reserve, interest incurred during 3678.1 7.66 construction, commitment fee and advance payment. Total 48000
Remarks:the proposed irrigation facilities and ponds that will be constructed under the project are small scale only to capture rainfall and run-off and do not involve any dam construction or exsting dams as defined by OP 4.37 (Dam Safety).
51 2.4 Construction standards in each item
2.4.1 Road construction standards
(1) Production road
Concrete pavement in 3m of width, adopts C20 concrete in thickness of 20cm, and the substratum adopts rubble and gravel subcrust, with thickness of rubble subcrust being not less than 15cm, and thickness of gravel subcrust being not less than 0.5cm.
(2) Production shortcut
The pavement is in width of 1.2m, build a 15cm of gravel as subcrust, C20 adopted for the pavement.
(3) Highway for rural tourism
Construct according to the Level IV national standards, the width of subgrade being 4.5m and that of pavement being 3.5m, adopting C20 concrete for pavement in thickness of 20cm, bending tensile strength of pavement being not less than 4.0mpa, and the substratum adopting rubble and gravel subcrust, with thickness of rubble subcrust being not less than 15cm, and thickness of gravel subcrust being not less than 0.5cm.
(4) Sightseeing shortcut
The pavement is in the width of 1.2m, with 15cm gravel as subcrust, with C20 concrete adopted for pavement.
2.4.2 Standards for sheepfold construction
(1) Construction scale
Each breeding ewe shares 1.5m2, and each breeding ram shares 3 m2, each standard sheep house being 30m2.
52 (2) Construction standards
It adopts all-wood structure or brick-wood structure for construction in single-row or double-row form.
① Height of sheepfold and front and back eaves should be at least 2.2m, which can be flexibly controlled provided that there is no ponding water on the roof.
② It is set with thermal insulation channel, with its width being more than 1.2m.
③ Sheepfold adopts building ring, and its floor has to be manure-leakage floor which is prepared with 4cm×3cm rectangle wood materials with only the space of one-index-finger width.
④ Cesspit for sheepfold adopts inclined cesspit, namely inclining backwards from the thermal insulation channel near the fence in front of sheepfold, the bigger the inclination degree is, the better, and make sure the height from the ground of fold base in the back of sheepfold is between 1.5 to 2.0m.
⑤ Letter out the under surface of the inclined cesspit of sheepfold with concrete to make sure there is no fecaluria accumulated.
⑥ Build a manure gathering groove in 50cm width outside the cesspit, with its length being at least 8m.
⑦ The three sheepfolds share one manure discharging mouth, with its width ranging from 1-1.5m.
⑧ The sheepfold is in length of 10m and width of 4.2m (including the thermal insulation channel), the middle part is divided into three folds, with each room having a door in width of 60cm.
⑨ Build a feeding groove in each sheepfold in 2.5m length in funnel shape, namely the inner height of feeding bottom being 15-25cm, external height 35-45cm, bottom width 25cm and the height from feeding groove bottom to fence bottom 20-35cm. Use one big
53 iron nail respectively in the two ends of the feeding groove for fixing to enable the groove to be overturned, with the undersurface facing inside of sheepfold, and side surface fixed with one hook to keep it clean inside the groove.
2.4.3 Standards for model reception household of rural tourism
(1) Basic requirements
① Employees should be with corresponding business knowledge and skills and health certificate issued by health department after post training.
② Have water flushing public bathroom, with intact doors and windows and skid resistance ground, clean and healthy without peculiar smell.
③ Have facilities specialized for garbage and keep it closed.
④ The construction, ancillary facilities, service projects and operation management of households for rural tourism should comply with the existing related national regulations and standards about security, fire fighting, health, environmental protection, etc
⑤ Cookhouses shall be provided with sewers.
(2) Centralized Garbage Collection Pool
According to the landforms and environments of each rural tourist spot, each village shall be constructed with one centralized garbage collection pool with the volume as 30 m3.
(3) Public Toilets
Each rural tourist spot shall be constructed with 1~2 water-flush public toilets with the size as 20m2, and three-level septic-tank. The domestic wastewater shall be uniformly brought to the rural wastewater treatment facility and then discharged after meeting the standard.
(4) Rural Tourism Wastewater Treatment Facility
54 Each tourism village shall be uniformly constructed with one set of wastewater treatment facility used for treating the wastewater generated by various villages through the treatment process of “pretreatment+artificial wetlands system”, and the treated wastewater can be discharged after meeting the three standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002). Additionally, the qualified units shall be entrusted to be responsible for the design scale and scheme.
2.4.4 Construction standards for local Huaqiu chicken pen
(1) Foundation and base
Henhouse and storeroom adopt strip-shaped base, and choose silty clay as base bearing stratum of the planned houses; water poop adopts reinforced concrete shell base, and choose mudstone in medium weathered belt as base bearing stratum.
(2) Structural system
Henhouse, storage room and other rooms all adopt triangular truss roof of lightweight steel; water pool, chicken manure septic tank, high-leveled water pool, etc. adopt concrete structures; veterinarian room, sterilizing room, supporting houses and others adopt 1-layer brick-concrete structure. The construction are should comply with the standard of 10 chickens/m2.
(3) Fence
Fence adopts plastic steel wire mesh (specifications: mesh hole of 5cm, and mesh height of 1.5m) and square iron pipe (specifications: 2×3cm and 2m in height), and build according to the standard of 2m/square iron pipe. The fence area for free-ranging chickens should comply with requirement of 1 chicken/m2.
(4) Construction of hatching house
It should be built according to the standard of 30m2/10000 chickens for one-time hatching amount.
55 (5) Construction of brooding house
Adopt multi-layer brooding shelf to build according to the standard of 10000 chickens/100m2.
(6) Water pool
The water retention capacity of each water pool is 4m3 (1m×2m×2m), walls adopt 75# wet masonry stones, with bottom width being 1.2m and top width being 0.8m. Conduct anti-seepage treatment to the inside and bottom parts of the pool.
2.5 Associated projects and their due diligence investigations
2.5.1 Investigations on the upstream and downstream enterprises
For details of the upstream and downstream enterprises associated with this project, see Table 2.5-1.
2.5.2 Other projects with competitive resources
As relevant investigations and all data provided by the project office: there is very few other competitive projects to be constructed or under construction within the project area.
56
57 Table 2.5-1 Investigation List of Upstream and Downstream Enterprises Related Upstream and Downstream Enterprises N Relation Producti EIA Status Quo Environmental o. Name Constructor with the Scale Process on Time Approval Due Diligence Project Annual processi Raw It has been ng of materials constructed and 4000t of →sort out implemented Though dry chili, and pick generally based Construction not fine off on environmental project of included processi peduncle protection 6000t of in the ng of →clean Ratified by Guizhou measures in EIA annual yield Project, it 2000t of and sort Dafang Dafang approval. of chili series provides series March out→leach County 1 Bailihua Production Emission and products of processin products 1997 ate→dry→ Environment Food Co., processing of Guizhou g service such as fine al Protection Ltd. liquid, gas, sound Dafang for chili dried processing Bureau and residue in Bailihua Food planted in chili, →pack→ operation have Co., Ltd. the crushed warehousi met relevant Project. chili, ng, storage environmental chili and sale of protection powder finished requirements. and chili goods ring. 2 Construction Guizhou Though Annual July Raw Ratified by Production It has been
58 project of 40 Southwest not processi 2013 materials Zhijin constructed and million ton of Alliance included ng of 40 of bamboo County implemented total yield of Agricultural in the million fungus→b Environment generally based fresh bamboo Science & Project, it ton of ake in al Protection on environmental fungus of Technology provides fresh infrared Bureau protection Guizhou Co., Ltd. processin bamboo light→pac measures in EIA Southwest g service fungus k→wareho approval. Alliance for chili using, Emission and Agricultural planted in storage processing of Science & the and sale of liquid, gas, sound Technology Project. finished and residue in Co., Ltd. goods operation have met relevant environmental protection requirements. Construction Though Raw It has been project of not materials constructed and 5000t of Dafang included Annual of rhizoma implemented Ratified by rhizome County in the processi gastrodiae generally based Dafang gastrodiae in Jiulong Project, it ng of →sort out on environmental June County 3 annual Rhizoma provides 5000t of and Production protection 2001 Environment processing of Gastrodiae processin rhizome tidy→clea measures in EIA al Protection Dafang Developme g service gastrodia n→cut and approval. Bureau County nt Co., Ltd. for e dry→inspe Emission and Jiulong rhizoma ct→fry processing of Rhizoma gastrodia and liquid, gas, sound
59 Gastrodiae e planted cook→pac and residue in Development in the k→wareho operation have Co., Ltd. Project. using, met relevant storage environmental and sale of protection finished requirements. goods It has been constructed and Though Construction implemented not project of generally based included 1000 breeding on environmental in the goats in Xishui protection Project, it Annual Ratified by annual County measures in EIA provides breeding Select Xishui breeding of Jiarong approval. goat of 1000 breeding County 4 Xishui Animal 2012 Production Emission and service North goats→bre Environment County HusbandryF processing of for North Guizhou ed→sell al Protection Jiarong arming Co., liquid, gas, sound Guizhou goats Bureau Animal Ltd. and residue in goat HusbandryFar operation have breeding ming Co., met relevant in the Ltd. environmental Project. protection requirements.
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3. Natural and Social Environment Status
3.1 Natural Environment Status of Project Site
3.1.1 Chishui City
(1) Geologic landform and soil
Chishui are mainly presented as plateau valley type lands and mountain valley type lands, with high southeast and low northwest, and the altitude thereof is gradually reduced from southeast to northwest, wherein the highest altitude is 1730m while the lowest altitude is 221m, with the relative altitude difference being above 1500m. The southeast area has undulating mountains and peaceful deep valleys while the northwest area has undulating hills and wide river valleys. Additionally, Chishui has several types of soils, which are dispersedly distributed, and there is a saying of “stepping on different soils by several steps”, wherein the soils are mainly as the purple soil, which occupies 60.61% of the total lands in the city, and the plough layer has a high content of potassium but a low content of phosphorus, thus it has strong fertility.
(2) Climatic resources
Chishui belongs to mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with warm winter, early spring, hot and dry summer, rainy early summer and late autumn, and has the feature of three-dimensional climate and obvious regional climate difference. The annual average temperature is 18℃ (maximum temperature: 41℃; minimum temperature: -2℃), the annual average precipitation is 1268.8mm, the annual average relative humidity is 82% and the sunshine duration is 1297.7h. Moreover, Chishui has a frost-free season of 340~350 days and the duration of the frost-free season is gradually reduced along the altitude, wherein the area below 800m has a frost-free season of about 300 days while the area above 800m has a frost-free season of about 210~300 days.
(3) Hydrological environment
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Chishui has abundant water resources, namely 352 small and large rivers with the total length as 1255km, and there are 26 rivers of which the drainage area is above 20km2 and the total length is 335km. The river network density of this city can reach 0.7km/km2, and the total water resources reach 10,000,000,000m3 with the surface water resources reaching 9,500,000,000m3. Additionally, Chishui also has 800 various reservoirs and pools, with the total water storage capacity being over 30,000,000m3.
(4) Ecological environment
Chishui has the survival and activity condition for subtropics creatures, the forest vegetation covers camphor trees, oakery, pinales and phyllostachys pubescens forest in Chishui River Valley of humid evergreen broad-leaf forest zone in Guizhou Plateau, and the vegetation covers evergreen broad-leaf forest, broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest and bamboo forest of mid-subtropical zone. Additionally, there are 430,000mu evergreen broad-leaf primeval forests of mid-subtropical zone rarely seen in our country, over 1000 kinds of wild plants and wild animals (vertebrate) including 23 valuable and rare plants such as spinulose tree fern, small golden camellia, Chishui Altingia, etc. and 22 valuable and rare animals such as clouded leopard, long-tail pheasant, serow, etc. Furthermore, there are more than 300 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, and dendrobe, golden cypress, etc. are the most well-known Chinese herbal medicines.
3.1.2 Xishui County
(1) Geological landform
Xishui County is located at the composite part of Sichuan-Guizhou north-south structural zone and north-east structural zone, with north neighboring to “Sichuan Basin” which belongs to the third subsidence zone of the Neocathaysian structural system and south neighboring to “Central Guizhou Upheaval” formed in early paleozoic era. The crustal movement for Yanshan Mountain in Sichuan is the main orogenic movement. The exposed strata from Sinian system to Quaternary System are all developed strata, orderly as Sinian System, Cambrian System, Ordovician, Silurian System, Triassic System, Dyas, Jurassic System, Cretaceous System, Quaternary System, totally 9 systems, 19 sub-systems, 31 groups and 2 clusters, and the total thickness of the strata is 9900m.
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(2) Climatic resources
Xishui County belongs to subtropics humid monsoon climate zone and has four distinctive seasons, namely hot and dry summer, rainy and cool autumn, cold and rainy winter, unstable spring with rainy nights. Xishui County is also featured with rainy days, short sunshine duration, high humidity, obvious microclimate and remarkable vertical climate differentiation. The annual average sunshine duration is 1053.0h, the annual total radiation quantity is 83.29kcal/cm2 and the average temperature is 13.1℃ with the annual extreme maximum temperature as 34.4℃ and the annual extreme minimum temperature as -8.6℃.
(3) Hydrological environment
Xishui County belongs to Changjiang River system, including 246 small and large rivulets and rivers with the total length of 1332.7km, the drainage area of 3127.7km2 and the river network density of 0.43km/km2, wherein there are 198 rivulets with the drainage area less than 20 km2, the total length of 487km and the total drainage area of 400.66km2, 37 rivers with the drainage area of 20-100 km2, the total length of 469.4km and the total drainage area of 1127.64 km2, 11 rivers (sections) with the drainage area being more than 100 km2, the total length being 376.3km and the total drainage area being 1599.40 km2.
Chishui River is an important tributary of Yangtze River, which runs from river sources of southwest to northeast along Sichuan-Guizhou border till Maotai Town, Renhuai County, then turns to northwest and north and finally flows in Yangtze River at Nanguan, Hejiang County, Sichuan Province, and the total length of the main stream is 436.5km, with the natural fall as 1473.96m and the average gradient of the river as 3.38%. Chishui River’s drainage area is 190,007km2 and the average annual discharge of this river mouth is 296m3/s.
Xishui River is an important tributary of Chishui River and a secondary tributary of Yangtze River, which runs from sources of Gaojia Slope, Minyuan Group, Xiyuan Village, Zhaiba Town, through Dapo Village, Zhaiba Town and Sanchahe Village, enters in Chishui from Fengzi Yan, Chenzhai Village, flows in Chishui River from Lizilin
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(Sanjiangju), Hejiang Town and further flows by 1km into Yangtze River. The natural fall is1059.7m and the average gradient of river way is6.8‰.
(4) Ecological environment
There are abundant plant resources in Xishui protection zone, and according to the summarized field investigation data for years, there are various plants of over 266 families, 765 genuses and 1674 species, and many macro fungi of 38 families, 85 genuses and 192 species, namely including 60 species of edible fungi, 46 species of medicinal fungi, 63 species of wood-destroying fungi and 18 species of toadstool. The edible fungi include tremella, auricularia polytricha, agaric, cantharellus minor peck, flammulina velutipes, lactarius hatsudake, etc., totally 60 species, and the medicinal fungi include lucid ganoderma, ganoderma lipsiense, mushroom, amauroderma, etc., totally 46 species.
There are also abundant animal resources in Xishui protection zone, and according to the high spot investigation, there are various animals of 49 families, 252 genuses and 1435 species, wherein there are 4 species of first class national protected animals, occupying 28.6% of the protected species (14 species) of the same level in the province, 28 species of second class national protected animals, occupying 43% of the protected species (65 species) of the same level in the province.
3.1.3 Tongzi County
(1) Geological landform
Tongzi County is located at the north of Guizhou Province, which is the joint zone of north Guizhou mountainous region and Sichuan Basin. The terrain of the northeast area is higher than that of the southwest area, and the three rivers, namely Yangdeng River, Songkan River and Tongzi River, divide this county into three special landform units. Moreover, this county also includes various landforms, such as mountain plateau, mid-mountain, hill, intermountain basin, river terrace, etc. Karsts, rock peaks, low-lying lands, funnel, blind valleys, cenotes are widely distributed in this county, with highly
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developed underground rivers and karst caves. Additionally, the average altitude of the whole county is 1100m, Sixi Town is located at the highest place, with the altitude as 2227m, and the river at border of Guizhou and Chongqing in Podu Town is located at the lowest place, with the altitude as 310m, and thus the relative altitude difference is 1917m.
(2) Climatic resources
Tongzi County belongs to the mid-subtropical plateau monsoon humid climatic region, without four distinctive seasons. Accordingly, this county is featured with hot and rainy season, abundant rainfall, obvious dry and humid seasons, long frost-free season, warm spring occasionally accompanying with coldness in later spring, rainy early summer, dry midsummer, cold and rainy autumn and no severe cold in winter (cloudy and overcast, occasionally icy), great vertical climate difference and obvious three-dimensional climate.
The annual average cloudy duration in Tongzi County is 245 days, and the annual average sunshine duration is 1091.6h. The annual average temperature in Tongzi County is 14.6℃, with the minimum temperature as 4.1℃ and the maximum temperature as 24.5℃. Due to the large altitude difference, this county has obvious vertical climate difference, and there is a saying of “four seasons in one mountain and different climates in ten miles”.
Tongzi County has less rainfall in the whole province, with the annual average precipitation as 1038.8mm. Meanwhile, Tongzi County has most rainfall in summer and least rainfall in winter, thus presenting a dry winter and a humid summer.
(3) Hydrological environment
The rivers in the county belong to the Yangtze River system, falling into the Chishui River, Qijiang River and Wujiang River in the upper main stream area of the Yangtze River respectively. There are 57 rivers in total covering a drainage area of over 20km2, with a total length of 831.48km and a river network density of 0.26km/km2. These rivers are classified into 7 main streams, 32 first-class tributaries and 18 second-class tributaries.
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The total rainwater harvesting area of main rivers including the Tongzi River, Songkan River and Yangdeng River is 2919.45 km2.
The Tongzi River has a total length of 91km and a total rainwater harvesting area of 2254.45 km2 (1162.5 km2 in the county). There are 21 tributaries each of which has a rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2, with an annual average discharge of 17.76m3/s and an annual average runoff of 0.625 billion m3. The main tributaries include the Zhenxi River, Tianmen River, Hunzi River (Xiao River), Gaoqiao River, Zhailang River, Fengshui River and Panlong River, etc.
The Songkan River has a total length of 64.55km (55.3km in the county) and a total rainwater harvesting area of 1103.96km2 (1039 km2 in the county), with 17 tributaries each of which has a rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2 in the county, such as the Mugua River, Shuichai River and Xinzhan River.
The Yangdeng River has a total length of 87.23km (54.93km in the county) and a total rainwater harvesting area of 1126.56 km2 (717.95 km2 in the county), including 10 tributaries each of which has a rainwater harvesting area over 20 km2, such as Yanggang Stream, Liyu River and Masangkan River, etc.
(4) Ecological environment
Located in the subtropical transitional zone from the east humid evergreen broad-leaf forest to west semi-humid evergreen broad-leaf forest, under the influence of southeast pacific monsoon, west Indian Ocean warm current and north Siberia cold air mass, the county, with a complicated landform, has formed an three-dimensional ecological environment with apparent differences, creating favorable conditions for the growing and multiplying of diversified terrestrial plants. According to incomplete statistics, There are many valuable and rare plants, including the first class national protected tree species such as cathaya argyrophylla and davidia involucrate, the second class tree species such as douglas fir, emmenopterys henryi, cyclocarya paliurus, tetracentron sinense and cedrela toona, as well as the third class tree species such as amentotaxus, mangnolia officinalis and nanmu, and there are also more than one thousand kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicines discovered in the county. By 2007, the total area of bamboo
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forest in the county has reached about 0.4 million mu, and the annual output of square bamboo shoots has reached about 15 thousand tons.
In addition to ordinary wild animals, there are a lot of national protected rare animals discovered in the county, such as francois langur, python, south China tiger, elaphursu davidianus, clouded leopard, giant salamander, white crane, golden pheasant, manis pentadactyla, jackal, otter, zibet, rasse, forest musk deer, goral and blue sheep.
3.1.4 Dafang County
(1) Geological landform and soil
Located in the transitional slope zone from the northwest plateau (the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) to the mid-mountain plateaus and hills of Guizhou province, Dafang County has a mid-mountain landform with an altitude of 1400~1900m mostly. The middle and northeast terrains are higher, and the rivers flow towards north and south. There are overlapping hills and mountains, deep and criss-cross gullies, shattered landform and varied topographies with maintains, slope lands, hills, low-lying lands, basins (small dams) and criss-cross river valleys. The landform of the overall county is divided into three types of maintain, hill and river valley, and most mountains move from northeast to southwest. And the county falls into four landform areas according to the features of landform types, the altitude differences as well as the different depths of gullies, including the northwest mid-mountain hills area, the northeast mid-mountain gentle slope valleys area and low-lying hills area, middle and western high and mid-mountain cutting and gentle slope hilly valleys area as well as the southeast low and mid-mountain shallow cutting valleys area.
(2) Climatic resources
Located in a low-latitude and high-altitude area, Dafang County has a three-dimensional subtropical humid monsoon climate. With annual temperature of about 11.8℃, maximum temperature of 32.7℃, minimum temperature of -9.3℃, an average temperature in the coldest month (January) of 1.6℃ and an average temperature in the hottest month (July) of 20.7℃. Most of the rains are concentrated between April and September with annual
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average precipitation of 1155mm which accounts for 78.8% of the annual precipitation. Southeaster prevails mostly throughout the whole year, and northwesterly and northerly winds prevail in winter with an average wind speed of 2~9m/s.
(3) Hydrological environment
The rivers in Dafang County belong to the Chishui River system and Wujiang River system of the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The north part belongs to the Chishui River system basin and the south, west and middle parts belong to the Liuchong River basin of the Wujiang River system. The total length of the waterways in the county is 727.3km, with river network density being larger than 17.1km/ km2, the average river network density of Guizhou Province. The total annual runoff is 1.4723 billion m3.
The Chishui River system is located in the northeast of the county, with 6 major rivers, i.e. Erdao River (also called Maluo River, Geli River or Nie’erdi River), Youshan River, Mudu River, Mayi River and Guowa River. Its drainage area is 807 km2, which accounts for 23% of the total land area of the whole county. The annual runoff of this system is 4.217m3 and the annual average precipitation is 991mm. There is almost no farm for irrigation in this basin. The rivers go to Jinsha County from Maluo River (the altitude of Liangcha Estuary is 708.8m) from south to north; the Liuchong River basin of the Wujiang River system is located in the south with 14 major rivers, i.e. Liuchong River, Shangba River, Lengdi River, Gecuoluo River, Babao River, Liangshui River, Lalu River, Xinji River, Luojiao River, Munong River, Mubai River, Xi’xi River, Anle River and Midi River, which are distributed in the south, middle and west of the county; its drainage area is 2337.2km2, with annual average precipitation of 1008mm and annual runoff of 1.0506 billion m3.
(4) Ecological environment
The plant resources include forests, grasslands, crops, medicinal plants and economic plants. There are not only rich fungi but also plants higher than ferns. There are 131 species of fungi including 43 species of medicinal fungi, 58 species of edible fungi and 22 species of toadstools and 120 species of higher plants classified into 50 families and 84 genuses, including 113 species of angiosperms classified into 44 families and 78
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genuses, 1 specie of gymnosperm and 6 species of ferns classified into 5 families and 5 genuses. The forest vegetations are classified into mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest, mid-subtropical deciduous broad-leaf forest, mid-subtropical coniferous mixed forest, mid-subtropical coniferous forest and mid-subtropical bush wood.
There are various species of wild animals in history in this county, including common species such as fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, beast and insect. There are 31 species of beasts including tiger, leopard, wild goat (muntjak), fox and river deer, accounting for 23.14% of the 134 species of beasts in Guizhou Province. There are 104 species of birds ascertained, accounting for 25% of the 404 species of birds in Guizhou Province.
3.1.5 Zhijin County
(1) Geological landform
Located in the transitional zone from the west plateau (the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) to the mid-mountain plateaus and basin of Guizhou province, Zhijin County has a west-higher and east-lower terrain with mountains echeloning and droping from west to east. The west plateau area of Guizhou Province covers a land area of 1158 km2, accounting for 40.4％ of the whole-county land area. There are staggered moats, canyons and trough valleys with high mountains and steep slopes. The altiplanation side has a broad terrain distributed with relatively large area of high mountain grasslands, featured by mountain plateau meadowland. The east area is mixed with mountain plateau and river valley and covers an area of 1710 km2, accounting for 59.6％ of the whole-county land area. There are developed karst, wide spread limestone and deep and staggered gullies as well as a lot of slope lands and hilly lands, which account for 97.3％.
(2) Climatic resources
Located in the continued section of the Wumeng Mountain system of the Diandong Plateau in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhijin County belongs to the northern subtropical and plateau monsoon humid climate, featured by clear seasons, mild climate, cool summer and autumn, warm winter and long frost-free season. The winter half year (October~March) has little sunlight, large humidity, little evaporation and
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frequent cold air activities and most overcast and rainy days, while the summer half year (April~September) is on the contrary. As one of the storm center counties, Zhijin has rich rainfall ranking the fifth among the whole province. Zhuzang in the north is the rainiest area with an annual average precipitation of 1574mm.
(3) Surface water and underground water
Zhijin County is wide spread with staggered rivers which belong to the Wujiang River system of the Yangtze River basin and are separated by the Sancha River and its branch the Liuchong River in the upper reaches of Wujiang River. The former one flows from south to east with total length of 62km within the county while the latter one flows from north to east with total length of 85km within the county. Those two rivers met at the county boarder in Huawuji Village, Longchang Town, Zhijin County. The watershed from Shuangyangyan to Xinzhaidashan, Yangmiaodashan and Fenghuang Mountains divides Zhixian County into the south Sancha River basin and the north Liuchong River basin. There are 25 large rivers, including 17 rivers longer than 10km and 8 rivers shorter than 10km.
The annual average natural water resource quantity in Zhijin County is 2.273 billion m3. The total annual average underground water reserves is 0.602 billion m3. The total water resource quantity is 2.3 billion m3, deducting the repeated parts of surface runoff and underground water. The water resource quantity per capita is 2190 m3, equalling to the national average level.
(5) Ecological environment
The vegetation belongs to subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest with a lot of plant species wide spread, which are divided into two vegetation areas:
The east low and middle-mountain, middle-mountain and hill humid evergreen oak forest and evergreen deciduous mixed forest: include most parts of Chengguan and Yinajia as well as several towns such as Babu, Guiguo, Niuchang, Maochang, Huaqi and Longchang, with the major vegatation of limestone ever-green deciduous forest composed of oak, camphor, birch, aspen and privet. The native vegetation featured by
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secondary bushes is mostly damaged. The major economic forest trees are citrus, excoecaria sebifera and tea, etc.
The west middle mid-mountain, middle and high-moutain humid evergreen oak forest, evergreen deciduous mixed forest, Yunnan pinery, lacquer tree and walnut forest: include Zhengping and Dayuan in Yinajia, and Alie, Puzuo, Zhongzhai, Pingzhai, Baiyan, Santang, Agong and Zhuzang in Chengguan, with major plants composed of cyclobalanopsis glauca, birch, aspen and privet in the limestone area.
There are a lot of wild animals in the county including common wild animals such as fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, beast and insect. In addition to those common wild animals, there are also a number of national protected rare animals such as francois langur, python, elaphursu davidianus, clouded leopard, giant salamander, white crane, golden pheasant, manis pentadactyla, jackal, otter, zibet, rasse, forest musk deer, goral and blue sheep.
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Figure 3.1 1 county in guizhou province distribution project
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3.2 Socioeconomic Status of Project Area
According to statistical data of counties in the project, namely “Statistical Yearbook in 2013” or “Leading Cadres Management Manual in 2013”, the socioeconomic status of project area in 2012 is as shown in Table 3.2 1.
Table 3.2-1 List of Social and Economic Status in the Project Areas Xishui Chishui Tongzi Dafang Zhijin Contents Unit Total County City County County County I Population Information Number of Villages and Nr. 125 23 14 24 32 32 Towns Number of Administrative Nr. 1423 210 100 222 335 556 Villages #Key Villages for Nr. 960 186 60 139 237 338 Poverty-Alleviation Work Number of Natural Villages Household 15736 634 784 1795 7705 4818 Total Households Household 1086577 156034 100421 187893 296761 345468 Wherein：Number of Household 980149 155250 69072 165034 269508 321285 Agricultural Households Ten Number of Poverty-stricken Thousand 281241 65714 15007 43120 26700 130700 Households People Ten Total Population Thousand 390.52 72.00 30.99 70.10 104.17 113.26 People Ten Wherein：Rural Population Thousand 353.12 65.00 22.80 61.56 98.56 105.20 People Ten Minority Population Thousand 73.07 1.50 0.58 0.74 34.50 35.75 People Poverty-stricken Population Ten （National Standards on Thousand 92.55 19.27 3.44 10.47 25.65 33.72 Poverty Alleviation） People Ten Total Labor Thousand 218.46 36.00 14.19 32.59 68.00 67.68 People Wherein：Female Labor Ten 97.65 19.00 6.69 13.03 28.00 30.93
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Thousand People Ten Migrant Labor Thousand 78.97 9.00 6.20 13.42 24.00 26.35 People II Overall Economic
Conditions RMB Ten GDP 3721735 745261 494452 575610 1012881 893531 Thousand #Gross Value of the Primary RMB Ten 733392 133288 83411 190369 170401 155923 Industry Thousand RMB Ten Agriculture 451422 67429 35104 125089 92500 131300 Thousand RMB Ten Forestry 46924 3842 27441 11258 2853 1800 Thousand RMB Ten Animal Husbandry 290836 58416 17548 50971 74301 89600 Thousand RMB Ten Other 20187 3601 3318 3051 1017 9200 Thousand Gross Value of the Secondary RMB Ten 1545316 318784 224615 170051 460622 371244 Industry Thousand Gross Value of the Tertiary RMB Ten 1443027 293189 186426 215190 381858 366364 Industry Thousand RMB Ten Gross Fiscal Revenue 915334 158000 148470 51527 306968 250369 Thousand RMB Ten Wherein：Tax Revenue 322356 136700 29287 22738 66012 67619 Thousand RMB Ten Non-tax Revenue 132633 11600 6679 3568 50039 60747 Thousand Revenue from Transfer RMB Ten 661894 94800 112504 267258 187332 Payment Thousand RMB Ten Other Revenue 30328 2600 12485 15243 Thousand RMB Ten Fiscal Expenditure 1404901 245000 149400 120773 520963 368765 Thousand Wherein：Expenditure for RMB Ten 187206 4100 23680 16410 61905 44211 Rural Support Thousand Rural Per Capita Net Income Yuan 5006 4572 6537 4263 4943 4714 Wherein：Net Income from Yuan 2197 1936 3056 2131 2068 1796 Salary
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Net Income from Family Yuan 2137 2174 2846 1278 2353 2036 Operation Transfer Income Yuan 313 434 24 426 490 192 Property Income Yuan 220 26 611 428 32 4 III Land and Resources Total Land Area Hectare 1449587 312800 180000 319976 350011 286800 #Arable Land Hectare 292192 78259 14667 36423 123543 38300 Forestry Hectare 769811 189548 142667 145048 157788 134760 With Forestry Hectare 415959 137333 108650 35306 134670 Orchard Hectare 8158 6000 1554 514 90 Grassland Hectare 85590 10173 524 38419 15118 21356 Available Grassland Hectare 37742 10173 14023 1246 12300 Area for Conversion of Farmland into Forest and Hectare 44153 3940 17933 8133 10711 3436 Grassland Water Area Hectare 10656 313 2564 5 3288 4486 Available Water Area Hectare 6917 267 1411 4 3202 2033 Wasteland Hectare 90693 43760 4543 4812 13778 23800 Wasteland for Appropriate Hectare 85590 43760 1543 2887 13600 23800 Use IV Crop and Pasture
Production Total Crop Sowing Area* Hectare 372773 11857 40314 105822 175480 39300 Total Grain Sowing Area* Hectare 330905 82824 31595 75868 128285 12333 Total Grain Yield* t 1181104 246402 120814 278398 233242 302248 Sowing Area of Cash Crop* Hectare 82870 28891 8719 25593 15121 4546 Area of Dried Fruit Hectare 11261 1300 9707 254 Yield of Dried Fruit t 18650 50 18200 400 Area of Fresh Fruit Hectare 6675 1554 3067 2054 Yield of Fresh Fruit t 81686 23362 57500 824 Sowing Area of Other Crops* Hectare 40941 3301 3321 11898 22421 Number of Large Livestock Thousand 432 118 4 83 109 118 on hand at the End of the Year Livestock Number of Marketable Thousand Livestock at the End of the 95 30 1 12 20 32 Livestock Year Number of Swine on Hand at Thousand 1461 446 136 302 299 279 the End of the Year Livestock Number of Marketable Swine Thousand 1688 585 157 356 306 284 at the End of the Year Livestock
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Number of Goats on Hand at Thousand 316 155 4 99 30 27 the End of the Year Livestock Number of Marketable Goats Thousand 219 127 4 60 19 9 at the End of the Year Livestock Number of Small Poultry on Thousand 6205 262 498 1127 2290 2028 Hand at the End of the Year Poultry Area of Forage Grass Hectare 131787 2667 61333 67267 520 Yield of Forage Grass t 4500152 106667 540000 1513485 2340000 Yield of Meat t 180083 59735 13962 34797 35545 36044 Per Capita Grain kg 359 379 390 485 224 318 V Natural Conditions Average Temperature for ℃ 14.62 13.60 18.00 15.20 11.80 14.50 Years（40 years） Extreme Maximum ℃ 35.90 36.00 42.30 35.00 32.70 33.50 Temperature（40 years） Extreme Minimum ℃ -5.30 -6.40 -1.20 -3.60 -9.30 -6.00 Temperature（40 years） Number of Days with Accumulated Temperature of Day 252 220 264 295 210 270 10℃ Average Frost-free Season for Day 281 248 350 260 257 289 Years（40 years） Average Rainfall for Years mm 1246 1420 1215 1044 1150 1403 （40 years） Average Annual Evaporation for Years mm 1082 1368 1095 490 1104 1354 （40 years） Lowest Altitude m 475 275 221 310 709 860 Highest Altitude m 2078 1872 1703 2227 2325 2262 Average Altitude m 1258 1100 962 1269 1650 1310
3.3 Environmental Conditions of Project Area
(1) Zunyi
Assessment on environmental conditions in the project area was made mainly by making using of current regular monitoring materials.
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① Ambient Air
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Zunyi, air quality in downtown Zunyi was moderately good in 2013. There were a total of 345 days with good and moderate air quality throughout the year and its rate of good and moderate air quality was 94.5%, a decrease of 16 days and 4.1% decrease in rate of good and moderate air quality on a year-on-year basis. The average air pollution index (API) was 69 with inhalable particles as primary pollutants. The average rainfall pH downtown was 5.45 for the year, falling 1.29 pH units on a year-on-year basis. The frequency of acid rain was 3.3%, increasing 1.4% year on year. The air quality in 12 counties (cities) outside downtown met National Standard II. Since the Project was implemented in rural areas which had neither large industrial and mining enterprises nor large emission sites for air pollution sources, the air quality was thus good meeting Standard II in GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard.
② Water Environment
Major rivers in Chishui City, Xishui County and Tongzi County where the Project was situated include Tongzi River, Shaxichang River and Xishui River in Wujiang River System in the Yangtze River Basin. According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Zunyi, estuary section in two rivers, Shaoxichang River and Tongzi River, reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water, superior to Water Quality Standard Ⅲ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; the monitoring value for water quality in Changsha control monitoring section in Xishui River reached Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water. Refer to Table 3.3-1 for distribution of river systems, functions of water environment and status quo of water environment in the project area.
③ Acoustic Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Zunyi, day equivalent noise level in downtown Zunyi was 55.4dB in 2013, lower than national GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type
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2 Regional Standard 4.6 dB. Average equivalent acoustic level for road traffic noise downtown was 67.4 dB, lower than national GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 4a Regional Standard 2.6 dB; day equivalent noise level and average equivalent acoustic level of road traffic noise in other 12 counties (cities) downtown reached national Type 2 and Type 4a Regional Standards respectively.
Since the project area was in rural areas with small traffic flow, without large noise sources and quality acoustic environment, it was able to reach GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB （A）. Nighttime: Leq50dB（A）.
(2) Bijie City
① Ambient Air
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Bijie, four automatic monitoring stations on air quality in downtown Bijie in 2013 showed that the annual average concentration of inhalable particles, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were 0.098mg/m3, 0.046mg/m3 and 0.025mg/m3 respectively. There were a total of 322 days with “good and moderate” air quality. The rate of good and moderate air quality was 88.22%. There were a total of 37 days with light pollution, accounting for 10.14% of the year. There were 6 moderately-polluted days, accounting for 1.64% of the year. The rainfall pH was between 5.9 and 7.5 without acid rain throughout the year. Air quality in other 7 counties and towns met Standard II in Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996).
Since the Project was implemented in rural areas which had neither large industrial and mining enterprises nor large emission sites for air pollution sources, the air quality was good, thus reaching Standard II in GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality Standard.
② Water Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Bijie, seven sections including Xuhuatun, Baohecun, Gaodian,
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Masangping, Qixingguan, Daqiaobian and Daguan were set for Liuchong River and its tributaries. The water quality in Xuhuatun and Daguan reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality in the section of Masangping reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality in two sections of Qixingguan and Daqiaobian reached Standard Ⅱ in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality in Gaodian section reached Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; two monitoring sections including Yancang and Jichang were set in Sancha River. Water quality in Yancang section reached Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water; water quality in Jichang section reached Standard III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water.
③ Acoustic Environment
According to the environmental monitoring data in 2013 Report on the State of the Environment in Bijie, day and night equivalent noise levels in downtown Bijie were 55.0dB and 46.5dB respectively in 2013, reaching GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB（A）. Nighttime: Leq50dB（A）. Day and night equivalent noise levels in other counties (cities) downtown reached GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard.
Since the Project area was in rural areas with small traffic flow, without large noise source and quality acoustic environment, it was able to reach GB3096-2008 Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Type 2 Regional Standard. Daytime: Leq60dB （A）. Nighttime: Leq50dB（A）.
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Table 3.3-1 Table of Water Environmental Function Zoning and Water Environmental Status of Rivers in Project Area Cities and Surface Water Watershed Waters Function No. Rivers Reaches Controlled Towns Quality Status of Basis System Controlled * Controlled Project Area From Tongzi III. The degree of “Surface Water County town to development and Environmental Yangtze Chishui Tongzi Tongzi 1 estuary of Hunzi III utilization is not Function Zoning of River River River County River, to estuary of high, so the water Zunyi City”(2011 Shaxichang River quality is good revision) III. The degree of “Surface Water All reaches above development and Environmental Yangtze Chishui Shaxichan Xishui 2 estuary of Tongzi III utilization is not Function Zoning of River River g River County River high, so the water Zunyi City”(2011 quality is good revision) III. The degree of “Surface Water development and Environmental Yangtze Xishui Xishui Reaches within Chishui 3 III utilization is not Function Zoning of River River River Chishui City City high, so the water Zunyi City”(2011 quality is good revision) III. The degree of Dafang County development and Yangtze Mubai Mubai Dafang Environment 4 Whole reaches III utilization is not River River River County Protection "Twelfth high, so the water Five-Year" Plan quality is good III. The degree of Dafang County Yangtze Liuchon Liuchong Dafang 5 Whole reaches III development and Environment River g River River County utilization is not Protection "Twelfth
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high, so the water Five-Year" Plan” quality is good III. The degree of Dafang County development and Yangtze Fu Lvtangcha Dafang Environment 6 Whole reaches III utilization is not River River River County Protection "Twelfth high, so the water Five-Year" Plan” quality is good * The leading functions of Class III waters are for fisheries, agriculture, and general landscape water.
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3.4 Environment-sensitive Targets of Project Area
According to field survey and data collection, the World Bank loan project for industrial poverty alleviation pilot demonstration for poverty-stricken parts of Guizhou Province does not involve in any sensitive areas such as natural conservation area, scenic spots, culture relic protection site, drinking water protected areas and so on, and there are no rare and endangered wild animals and plants and precious trees protected by the State found. Please see details of culture relic protection site in Table 3.4 1.
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Table 3.4-1 Table of Environment-sensitive Target Involved in Project Area Minimum Main Year of Area Protection Competent Distance Name Location Level Object of Establish (km2) Requirement Organization to Project Protection ment Area It is not allowed to build any production facilities in the core Alsophila Chishui zone and relief area, Forestry and the Alsophila Hushi Town, National and build living Department of 133 ecological 1992 8.5km Natural Chishui City level facilities that pollute the Guizhou environme Reserve environment and Province nt destroy the resources and landscape in experimental plot. All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the cultural relic protection Gaoqiao Zhoushi scope, such as Cultural Relics Town, Provincial Ancient Stone-chamb — quarrying, destroying 1982 Bureau of 5.6km Tongzi level tombs exed Tomb forest to reclaim Tongzi County County farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. Dayou Cave Shuanglong — County Ancient All hazardous activities 2005 Cultural Relics 3.6km
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Relics Village, level sites to cultural relics are Bureau of Xishui prohibited within the Xishui County County cultural relic protection scope, such as quarrying, destroying forest to reclaim farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the cultural relic protection Nanmu Xianyuan Inscription scope, such as Cultural Relics County Carve Stone Town, Xishui — s on quarrying, destroying 2001 Bureau of 5.2km level Inscription County precipices forest to reclaim Xishui County farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities Guandian Historical to cultural relics are Monument to Guandian Cultural Relics County site of prohibited within the the Martyrs Town, Xishui — 2001 Bureau of 6.2km level modern cultural relic protection of the Red County Xishui County times scope, such as Army quarrying, destroying
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forest to reclaim farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the Guandu cultural relic protection Cultural Relics Ancient Guandu scope, such as Provincial Ancient Bureau of Tombs of Town, — quarrying, destroying 1982 4.5km level tombs Chishui Song Chishui City forest to reclaim County Dynasty farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the cultural relic protection Chishui Cultural Relics Guandu Inscription scope, such as Guandu Provincial Bureau of Town, — s on quarrying, destroying 1982 6.3km Inscriptions level Chishui Chishui City precipices forest to reclaim on Precipices County farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting.
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All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the cultural relic protection Stone Goose Cultural Relics Wanglong Inscription scope, such as Mouth Provincial Bureau of Town, — s on quarrying, destroying 1982 4.6km Bas-reliefs level Chishui Chishui City precipices forest to reclaim on Precipices County farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities to cultural relics are prohibited within the cultural relic protection Guandu Cultural Relics Guandu scope, such as Jiexiaofang Municipal Ancient Bureau of Town, — quarrying, destroying 2003 3.5km of Xie level building Chishui Chishui City forest to reclaim Family County farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting. All hazardous activities Dafang Nine Yangchang to cultural relics are Cultural Relics layers of Town, Provincial Ancient — prohibited within the 1982 Bureau of 5.4km Government Dafang level sites cultural relic protection Dafang County Office Sites County scope, such as
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quarrying, destroying forest to reclaim farmland, excavating illegally and improperly, and grazing and hunting.
Remarks:
These culture relic protection site are all far away from the project sites with the closest being 3.6 km away, thus will not be impacted by the project activities.
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4. Environmental Impact Analysis of Infrastructure Projects
Infrastructure construction projects included construction of country roads, construction of water conservancy (including impounding reservoir and diversion pipelines), power supply system, construction of product bunkers and trading market facilities, construction of cultural square, simple pavilion for angling, plastic-wooden sightseeing stand, plastic-wooden guardrail, sewage treatment facilities and sewage pipelines for rural tourism, construction of fecal treatment pool, construction of production facilities and equipment as well as office occupancy, and industry promotion.
According to the feasibility study report of world bank loan Chinese poverty syndrome District Industrial poverty alleviation pilot demonstration project in Guizhou project area, construction projects of country roads include construction of 9km production roads (Zhijin County), renovation of 291.6km production roads (cement hardening), and 288km production shortcuts (cement hardening). 35.5km rural tourism roads (cement hardening) and hardening on 75.4km sightseeing shortcuts hardening.
Based on type of facility construction, it was similar to Sichuan, thus impact analysis would not be repeated since it was similar to Sichuan EIA. The major difference was that Guizhou had facilities pertinent to rural tourism (construction of sewage treatment facilities and sewage pipelines for rural tourism as well as construction of fecal treatment pool), which should be prioritized in analysis as follows.
4.1 Environmental Impact Analysis in Construction Period
Infrastructure construction project in the Project was similar to that of Sichuan, thus specific analysis on environmental impact in construction was similar to Sichuan EIA.
4.2 Environmental Impact Analysis in Operation Period
4.2.1 Environmental impact analysis of linear project in operating period
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The Project was in linear project operation, thus its analysis on environmental impact was similar to Sichuan EIA.
4.2.2 Environmental impact analysis of non-linear project in operating period
The Assessment was analyzed on environmental impact in operation of rural tourism project.
Based on the engineering analysis in Chapter II, rural tourism project in the Project was rural tourism project developed in Xishui County and Tongzi County. In operation, its major environmental impact included catering oily wastewater generated in restaurants, domestic wastewater generated by tourists and staff members, household garbage generated by tourists and staff members and stench generated by sewage treatment facilities. EIA on rural tourism project in operation was as follows:
(1) Impact Analysis on Water Environment
① Domestic Wastewater
Tourism projects developed in the Project involved Dazhang Village, Xiaozhang Village and Yangjiu Village in Xianyuan Town, Pingzi Village and Jiangyan Village in Fengshui Township, Tongzi County, Daqing Village and Yuanmu Village in Rongguang Township, Tongzi County. Domestic wastewater was generally domestic wastewater generated by tourists and staff members, which was simple in composition without composition of corrosion. Besides, given small emission, the domestic wastewater was uniformly collected to rural sewage treatment facilities in villages. The emission had small impact on the periphery after treatment, reaching Discharge Standard of pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB18918-2002）Standard III.
② Catering Oily Wastewater
Catering oily wastewater was generally kitchen wastewater such as wastewater from cleaning dishes and food wastewater in the kitchen. As rural tourism projects involved in the Project were constructed in the unit of household, catering oily wastewater generated
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by each household was little in average. The wastewater, after pre-treatment in oil separator, flowed into rural sewage treatment facilities in villages with domestic wastewater for treatment on up-to-standard emission, having small impact on the periphery.
(2) Impact Analysis on Exhaust Gas
Exhaust gas generated in rural tourism projects was generally exhaust gas from kitchen fume. The concentration of cooking fume before treatment was about 10-40mg/m3. After treatment in fume purification devices recognized by environmental protection authorities, cooking fume generated was led up to the roof for emission through special flues in buildings. It was required that fume purification efficiency reached over 85% with fume emission condensation≤2mg/m3, having small impact on air quality in the periphery.
(3) Impact Analysis on Solid Waste
Solid waste generated in the Project was generally household garbage and leftovers generated by tourists and staff members.
Operation nature of the Project determined that household garbage in emission was generally recyclable garbage such as beverage cans, waste paper and plastic package, accounting for about 80% in total yield of garbage. Therefore, solid waste in the Project, through the above classification and recycling, generated benefits from recycling and greatly reduced total emission to the environment. Household garbage in actual emission in the Project accounted for 20% of total yield. Given small emission and regular category, after being collected by garbage centralized collection pool uniformly constructed by all villages, garbage respectively sent to household garbage sanitary landfill of Tongzi County and household garbage sanitary landfills of Xishui County for sanitary filling will not exert negative influence on environment. Established in 2012 and located at Daguan Village, Liaoyuan Town, the household garbage sanitary landfill of Tongzi County adopts the sanitary landfill method and is 10km away from the project with a daily garbage processing capacity of 100tons, a total storage capacity of 633,100m3 and an area of 151.12 Mu. Established in 2008 and located at Dongxing Town, the household garbage sanitary landfill of Xishui County adopts the sanitary
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landfill method and is 15km away from the project with a daily garbage processing capacity of 250tons and a total storage capacity of 2,120,000m3.
Kitchen leftovers included leftovers generated in cleaning food and leftovers generated in catering. Its major content was organic substance such as vegetable and meat. It was allowed to set special containers for collection. As raw materials for poultry breeding in local agricultural households, for example, swine, it had no adverse impact on the environment.
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5. Environmental Impact Analysis of Agricultural Activities
5.1 Environmental impact analysis of planting project
5.1.1 Overall process of planting
The planting industry of this project mainly aims to expand the planting of agricultural products with characteristics and replant the favorable varieties. The crops planted contain root vegetable (potato), traditional Chinese medicinal materials (Gastrodia Elata, bamboo fungus, Dendrobium nobile, Salvia miltiorrhiza), peppers, tea and vegetables. The main environmental problems that the planting industry faces are the fertilizer pollution, pesticide pollution, farm-oriented plastics pollution and some ecological impact problems due to application of agricultural production materials, as well as impact of agricultural irrigation diversion to surface water environment.
(1) Chili Plantation
Make impact analysis on chili since its plantation quantity was the maximal.
① Selection of Variety
The variety suitable to plantation in Dafang County included Dafang dry chili and cayenne pepper which were of high nutrition value, good taste, moderate piquancy and high yield.
② Selection of Soil
Chili was not demanding on soil. The best choice would be plots which were previously paddy field or which solanaceae crops were not planted, preventing solanaceae disease out of continuous cropping. This project is grown mainly in Dafang County, planting more generally choose planted Solanaceae crops in the absence of hillside,Meanwhile, semi-sandy loam soil which was loose and fertile was optimal for plantation, which was convenient in irrigation and drainage of no waterlogging in rainy days and powerful in
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water and fertilizer conservation. In order to prevent soil erosion, areas whose gradient was over 25℃ were prohibited for reclamation and plantation. Besides, simple land leveling was advised, preventing reclamation in plantation areas on a large scale and reducing ecological damage and soil erosion from construction.
③ Soil Preparation
The growth period for chili was long and its root system was weak. Therefore, sound soil and nutrition conditions were required for constant blossoming and yielding, plowing 10-15cm in depth before field planting. It was necessary to manure 5000kg per hectare mixing 15kg-20kg of calcium phosphate, make ditches for short irrigation and drainage mutually connecting with each other and leave no ponding in the field after raining.
④ Field Planting
It was advised to make field planting in optimum period and promote early rooting. Early seedling was major principle for mastery of field planting period and administration after field planting. Furrow planting or level planting was suitable for chili. It was necessary to make shallow earthing in field planting followed by ridging. After field planting, sole dependence on dry hardening of seedling would impair root system, thus small or no hardening was advised for administration in chili seedling, promoting to the end.
⑤ Density of Field Planting
Compact chili plant was suitable for close planting. Proper close planting was conducive to early ridging. Since earth surface was in shade and soil temperature and soil moisture were of little change, root system would not be exposed to sunshine after rainstorms, promoting root and seedling. Generally, density for chili production was 3000-4000 holes (dual-plant) per hectare, line spacing was 50-60cm and row spacing was 25-30cm. Generally, dual-plant or1 hole for 3 plants was applied. Means of field planting included close planting for large ridges in single line, close planting for large and small ridges alike and close planting for large ridges in dual-line and so on.
⑥ Field Management
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Chili preferred temperature, water and fertilizer. However, chili was susceptible to disease, death and root burning in high temperature, flooding and excessive fertilizer respectively. There were a variety of management requirements for different stages throughout the growth period. It was necessary to promote root and seedling from field planting to harvest; it was necessary to promote seedling and tap fruit from harvest to full productive period; it was necessary to protect root and seedling in high-temperature season, preventing seedling from withering and dying; it was necessary to enhance administration in post-period of fruit yielding, increasing yield and revenue.
⑦ Chili Harvest
Generally, it was allowed to harvest 2-3 weeks after blossom fell when fruit fully expanded in green color. Besides, fruit picking was also allowed when fruit turned yellow or red and matured. It was necessary to pick in several times with carpopodium. Yield would be enhanced if leaving more fruit on the plant.
Chili planting process was as follows:
Soil erosion and vegetation Chili Soil erosion and vegetation deterioration seedling deterioration Solid waste
Soil Field planting Field Harvest preparation management
Figure 5.1-4 Flow Chart for Chili Plantation
Soil preparation and field planting would have certain impact on surface earth, increasing soil erosion while damaging vegetation.
(2) Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation
Planting process for rhizoma gastrodiae:
Site Selection: It is expected to select wet, ventilate and loose loam or sandy loam with
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good water permeability and rich humus and a slope below 25 degrees. In alpine area, the sunny slope at lee side should be selected for development. In places with low altitude and tepid climate, the shady slope shall be selected for development. In the middle area of mountain, wasteland half in sandy side and half in sunny side shall be selected.
Soil selection and preparation: gentle slope land and valley land which were rich in organic materials in partial shade and partial sunshine were advised for plantation. Sandy loam soil or sandy soil sound in drainage was advised, virgin soil in particular. It was necessary to deeply plow land, fertilize base fertilizers and water permeable high-lipid membrane spray on soil surface, preserving soil moisture, preventing water evaporation, resisting sunshine and drought, keeping temperature and preventing freezing, preventing soil hardening, suffocating and quarantining source of disease and pest.
Method of breeding: generally tuber breeding, seed breeding was optional as well.
① Tuber Breeding: winter planting or spring planting. The inoculation rate for rhizoma gastrodiae of winter breeding was high with rapid growth in November. Spring planting was in March and April. It was necessary to foster bacteria bed before plantation. The variety of tree suitable for halimasch growth was advised and broad-leaved tree with thick bark, hard essence and strong decay resistance was optimal.
② Seed Breeding: it was necessary to choose arrow gastrodiae of over 100g and pick and plant in the above method. It was necessary to prevent sunshine in bolting and make hand pollination in blossoming. The time for pollination was 10:00 a.m. in sunny days, making pollination when flower loomed beside medicine cap edge. After pollination, it was necessary to use plastic bag to cover cluster. When slight quantity of seeds spilled out from fruit below, it should be necessary to pick mature fruit. Since seeds of rhizoma gastrodiae were in short life, the picked capsules should be sown in time.
Field management: it was necessary to make fine management on rhizoma gastrodiae after plantation, preventing it from being treaded by humans and animals. Thick soil covering was advised together with leaf coverage for anti-freezing; in high-temperature period from June to August, it was necessary to put up a shed or interplant high-stalk crops for shade. It was necessary to clear drainage ditches out of puddles in time before
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rainy days came, preventing tuber from decaying. It was necessary to spray high-lipid for conserving fertilizer and moisture, keeping temperature and resisting freezing.
Harvest: generally, temperature in harvest season was below 12℃, i.e., it was in hibernation with good quality. November and December were optimal seasons for harvest. It was necessary to harvest in batches based on processing conditions.
Planting process for rhizoma gastrodiae was as follows:
Soil erosion Fine seeds of Bacteria + timber and vegetation rhizoma Soil erosion and vegetation deterioration gastrodiae deterioration Solid waste
Soil selection Breeding and Field Harvest and preparation plantation management
Figure 5.1-2 Flow Chart for Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation
In field plantation, pitting in excavation would have certain impact on soil surface, increasing soil erosion. Meanwhile, plantation on large scale in primeval forest of rhizoma gastrodiae would result in damage on habitats for some species and disturbance on its normal growth and breeding.
(3) Dendrobium Plantation
Dendrobium was a medicinal plant, preferring warm, humid and semi-shady environment. Subtropical mountains and forests were optimal since their annual rainfall was over 1000mm, air humidity was over 80% and average temperature in January was higher than 8℃. Dendrobium was not demanding on soil fertilizer, which generally grew on loose and thick bark or trunk wildly or between stones sometimes.
Plantation process for dendrobium:
Soil selection: it was necessary to choose uncontaminated places with fresh air far away from roads and factories where altitude was 230-800m, rocks were comparatively
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centralized, the stone was loose, rough and moisture absorption, moss was likely to grow or grew on the stone, there were broad-leaved forests, the rate of shaded area reached 60%-70% and there was source of pure water.
Soil preparation: it was necessary to choose good venue and remove bushes and weeds, deadwood, fallen leaves and soil. Besides, it was advised to prevent moss on the stone from being lifted in clearing weeds and bushes. The venue should be maintained neat and clean.
Method of breeding: generally, it was necessary to plant dendrobium in spring since spring was humid with gradually larger rainfall which was conducive to breeding survival. It was necessary to choose healthy dendrobium without disease or pest, cut old stems of over 3 years old for medicine and new stems of two years old for breeding. In breeding, it was necessary to cut lengthy old root, leaving 2-3cm and separating seed and stem. 2 to 3 stems were for each gram. Then it was necessary to plant clinging to the stone.
Plantation clinging to the stone: it was necessary to dig a recess per row spacing of 30cm on the stone in selection. It was advised to stir cow dung with sludge, coat a lamina on seed and stem and stuff into stone cavity or stone groove, maintaining steadiness and preventing it from falling off. It was necessary to stuff finger stone to fix.
Field management: in terms of watering, it was necessary to frequently water and moisturize since air temperature was low in post-plantation of dendrobium, using sprayer to water; in terms of topdressing, topdressing was required in barren soil for dendrobium. The first topdressing was near Tomb-sweeping Day, generally mixture of nitrogenous fertilizer, swine and cow dung and canal mud. The second topdressing was near Beginning of Winter, generally plastering mixture of peanut, rape cake, calcium superphosphate and canal mud on the root with topdressing beyond the root as well; it was necessary to adjust canopy density which should be about 60% for dendrobium growth and frequently trim branches on epiphytic trees, preventing over-shading or inadequate canopy density; in terms of trimming branches, it was necessary to pluck old stems, cut withering stems in the bush, remove ill and weak steams as well as ill roots in each spring when it sprouted. Six to eight years after plantation, it was necessary to
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renovate stems and re-breed depending on circumstances of stem growth.
Harvest: it was necessary to harvest at the end of each spring, cutting stems of over three years old and leaving immature stems for growth.
The plantation process for dendrobium was as follows:
Soil erosion and Fine breed for Stone or tree + cow dung vegetation dendrobium Soil erosion and vegetation deterioration deterioration Solid waste
Soil selection and Breeding and Field management Harvest preparation planting
Figure 5.1-3 Flow Chart for Dendrobium Plantation
In field plantation, recess in excavation would have certain impact on soil surface, increasing soil erosion and damaging vegetation to some extent.
(4) Tea Plantation
① Soil Selection a The suitable temperature for tea trees was 20—30℃ and its suitable rainfall was 1000—2000ml annually. b Selection of terrain: tea garden should be built in hill country whose gradient is below 25°.The most ideal would be gentle slope which was centralized and well-organized without water accumulation. Steep slope was not advised. The slope was advised to be south-oriented or southeast-oriented. c Soil pH of 5．6—6．5 was the most optimal. In soil with pH below 4.5 or above 6.5, tea trees would be undergrowth with small yield. It was necessary to use pH reagent or mixed indicator to meter; it was also advised to observe whether there were acid indicator plants on barren mountains to be reclaimed such as azalea, masson pine and diranopteris
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dichotoma. Tea plant was calciphobous plant. It was advised to use 10% hydrochloric acid to dip on the soil to meter the content of calcium carbonate in the soil. In case of bubble, it would indicate non-acid soil which was not suitable for tea plantation. Soil layer: the soil layer should be over 80cm in depth and loose. Viscid disc layer was not allowed to appear in subsoil and broken viscid disc layer should be fertilized with organic fertilizer for soil improvement, preventing it from re-formation. Standard for soil and underground water: tea trees would grow well on sandy loam soil, loam and clay loam soil while growing poorly on lithic sandy soil and clay soil. The level of underground water should be below 1m.
② Reclamation in Tea Garden: it was necessary to clear weeds, trees, stones and soil pile etc. first of all after selecting soil; it was advised to make primary reclamation which was over 50cm in depth, eliminating weeds, tree roots and perennial roots etc.; it was required to re-reclaim which was over 30cm in depth before plantation, further clearing surface. Tea plantation shall be cultivated along with the contour line. Tea cannot be planted along with the slope in long patches.
③ Manure Base Fertilizer: deep reclamation and manuring base fertilizer deepened loose soil layer, creating sound conditions for expansion of tea tree roots and offering full fertilizers for growth of tea trees. Generally, it was necessary to make deep reclamation for over 50cm and manure certain quantity of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. It was advised to manure 1500 ～2500Kg of agricultural fertilizer, 200～300Kg of oil cake and 50～100Kg of phosphatic fertilizer per hectare. After mixing fertilizer and soil in a balanced way, it should be necessary to cover soil 5～10cm above surface.
④ Selection of Suitable Fine Breed: it was necessary to select clone fine breed variety in the provincial or state level which was suitable for local growth and characterized of high yield, quality, strong stress resistance, early germ and tidy trait etc. for tea garden.
⑤ Rational Close Planting: dual-line and dual-plant, 150cm for large line spacing, 40cm for small line spacing and 30cm for nest spacing.
(5) Vegetable (taking the celery cabbage in autumn as an example)
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①Selection of Fine Disease-resistant Variety
② Soil Selection: it was necessary to choose places which were exposed to the sun where no high trees or buildings for shade and the sunlight there was sufficient; it was necessary to choose flat plots; it was required of appropriate soil fertility, sufficient water and nutrition supply, deep and thick soil layer, proper tightness of farming layer, moderate texture in sand clay, soil in proper pH, appropriate level of underground water and without heavy metal and other toxic substance pollution; meanwhile, it was necessary to choose plots close to water source and sound in irrigation and drainage.
③ Meticulous Soil Preparation and Full Base Fertilizer: based on rating standards for vegetable farmland soil fertility, 5000kg of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer of quality was advised, together with 25kg of ammonium dibasic phosphate, 15kg of potassic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer.
④ Breeding in Due Time, Aug. 3rd-8th was optimal for sowing time. Before breeding, it was required to mix agentia with high lipid membrane and Caifengning or metalaxyl was applicable.
⑤ Regulatory Plantation: it was necessary to plant in rectangular pieces of land which was small and high, which was not allowed to exceed 20m in length. Pattern of four-partition-one or six-partition-one was advised, which was conducive to watering and preventing diseases and pests. In case of watermelons as primary crops, it shall be advised to choose rigid plantation.
⑥Close Plantation: it was optimal to make final seedling of celery cabbage at the end of August with 1800~2000 plants per hectare.
⑦ Enhancing Seedling Management: it was necessary to “water seeds for three times and water trees for five times”; it was advised to prevent aphid and cabbage caterpillar in time and choose new pollution-free fertilizer biological soap or efficient cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate etc.
⑧ Administration in Rosette Period: the key was hardening of seedling. The time for
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hardening of seedling depended on seedling circumstances, generally 10~20 days. It was necessary to manure 20kg of urea or 50kg of ammonium sulfate for about 22 leaves, water and conduct hardening of seedling in intermediate plowing. Prevention against diseases and pests: it was necessary to prevent against aphid and cabbage caterpillar as well as downy mildew and black spot.
⑨ Enhancing Management on Core Period：management on fertilizer and water and prevention against disease and pest were critical. Based on fertilization principles for celery cabbage, it was necessary to prevent one-off manuring of fertilizer to celery cabbage, focus on manuring as scheduled and reduce the occurrence of unreasonable atmosphere such as shortage of fertilizer and too much fertilizer in prior period. Besides, in order to prevent quality reduction in the following days due to pests, aphid in particular, it should be necessary to prevent against pests in combination of prevention against disease.
5.1.2 Impact analysis of fertilizer pollution
The major environmental problems caused by fertilizer pollution are: firstly water source pollution, leading to shortage of domestic water and damaging the health of people due to drinking the polluted water. Secondly, the rivers, lakes and inner seas are led to eutrophication. The residual fertilizers in soils are flashed by rainstorm into water body, aggravating the eutrophication of water body and causing reproduction of waterweeds. Many ponds, reservoirs and lakes turn stink and become dead water for that reason. Besides, due to the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water, the underwater plants such as algae multiply excessively. Thirdly, fertilizer pollution may acidize soils and deteriorate the physical properties. Once certain nutrient element is excessive in soil, it may reduce the absorbing performance of soil for other elements so as to damage the internal balance of soil and lead to hardening of soil. Fourthly, the toxic components in foods and feeds will increase, and harming the human health.
5.1.3 Impact analysis of pesticides
(1) Current status of pesticide use
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In order to prevent, eradicate, remove or lighten the damages to crops and economic forests by harmful organisms such as any injurious insect, acarid, fungus, nematode, weeds, rodents and mollusk, always spray pesticides during different planting stage of agricultural crops.
According to the resources, the pesticides are divided into: mineral pesticides, biogenic pesticides and synthetic organic pesticides.
① Mineral pesticide: the pesticides originating from natural mineral resources such as inorganic compound and petro are collectively known as mineral pesticide, including: Bordeaux mixture, lime sulphur, aluminium phosphide, diesel emulsion, engine oil emulsion.
② Biogenic pesticides: pesticides developed by biological resources including animals, plants and microorganism. a. Botanical pesticides: nicotine, azadirachtin, veratrine, rotenone, etc. b. Microbe pesticides:
Agricultural antibiotic: validamycin, avermectins, ivermectin, kasugamycin, polyoxins, oxytetracycline, streptomycin.
Living microbe pesticides: fungus (beauveria bassiana, green muscardine fungus), bacteria (agritol, bacillus subtilis), virus (Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, granulosis virus, utographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus).
Such kind of pesticides are generally low toxic for human and livestock, pollution free, safe for agricultural crops, and difficult to form drug-resistance by insect pests. They are recommended to use. However, it is hard to apply in large scale due to the limited resources.
③ Synthetic organic pesticides:
The synthetic organic pesticides are synthesized manually and produced through chemical industry, among which there are biomimetic synthetic pesticides simulatively
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synthesized with natural products active substances as matrix or restructured with that as template to synthesize similar compounds with better effect. The characteristics of such pesticides are high effect, quick effective result, less dosage, extensive purpose, and suitable for various demands. However, they are easy to pollute environment and make insect pests generate drug-resistance, and unsafe for human and livestock. Such pesticides contain: tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, paraquat, kresoxim-methyl and Azoxystrobin, etc.
(2) Problems of pesticide use
① The phenomena of improper variety selection and unreasonable drug selection are universal, such as controlling lepidoptera pests by imidacloprid;
② The pesticide application period and dosage are incorrect, and the dosage is “extensive” by feel mostly;
③ Multiple pesticides are mixed and used unreasonably. The ideal control efficiency cannot be reached, and on the contrary, it makes the drug-resistance problems more prominent.
(3) Environmental impact analysis generated by pesticides
① Environmental impact on air
During spraying the pesticide, some pesticides form fine drops and suspend in the air, causing air pollution. Generally, about 40% of pesticides applied are attached on the plants, among which 1-4% can extinguish insect pests, 40% fall to the soil and 20% float in the air. Among the pesticides floating in the air, finally 60% drop to the ground and 40% are photolyzed directly in the air.
② When applying the pesticides, most will drop on ground surface. The pesticides attached on the crops will drop to the surface by wind and rain. Besides, the application methods such as seed soaking and seed dressing make pesticides directly enter the soil. Moreover, the pesticides are directly applied on the soil through soil treatment of weed
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killer and bactericide.
The pollution degree of pesticide on farmlands relates to varieties and cultivation situations of crops. The farmlands with higher cultivation management level and cropping indexes have more serious pesticide pollution degree due to large dosage. If the pesticide varieties cannot be selected strictly and the pesticides application dosage cannot be controlled strictly, or the strict management of pesticide is ignored, the pesticide will residual and pollute soils, and enter the body of human and livestock through food chain, and cause poison. Sometimes, the improper use of pesticides during production may lead to poisoning events.
About 80% residual pesticides are distributed to the surface soil layer 0-20cm deep. With the deepening of the soil layer, the concentration of residual pesticides drops gradually to the soil layer below 50cm, which are hard to be detected. The current water table of the project is between 5-30m. With the exploitation of underground water, the water table will drop 1-4cm approximately, and the project adopts spraying irrigation water saving technology without infiltration of massive irrigation water. Therefore, generally, the insoluble pesticides or small soluble pesticides will not infiltrate through soil and cause pollution to the underground water of the evaluation area.
5.1.4 Pollution impact analysis of farm-oriented plastics
At present, the commonly used plastics are mulching film, packaging plastic bottles and various plastic packing bags.
The cultivation measure of plastic film mulching can improve soil temperature and preserve soil moisture so that crops can be sowed, planted in advance, harvested earlier and increase production. This measure is especially effect in the mountain area of this project, because the altitude here is high, temperature in Spring is low, and growing reason is short. PVC and PE films are the two plastic films used mostly in current agricultural production, among which PVC film is used with the longest promotion and application time and the most quantity in agricultural production due to its favorable comprehensive performance. PE film is the variety promoted and applied in recent years,
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and the usage increases greatly due to its outstanding performance. The usage is 3～ 37.5kg per hectare. Every year, about 50-80% farm-oriented will be left in soil.
The packing plastic bottles used in this project are for the fungus used during planting process of gastrodia elata. If the plastic bottles abandoned by farmers arbitrarily in mountains or farmlands, the environment will be impacted to a certain degree.
(1) Hazards to soil environment
Soil infiltration is a phenomenon that water infiltrates toward deeper layer of soil due to free gravity. The plastic film residues in soil change or cut the continuity of soil pore space, so the gravity water may generate larger resistance while moving, and the gravity water moves downward slowly. In that case, the water infiltration capacity reduces due to the increase of plastic film residues, and the soil moisture content will drops therewith so as to weaken the drought resistance ability of farmland, and even lead to hard infiltration of underground water, and causing serious result of secondary salinization of soil. In addition, the plastic film residuals impact on physical properties of soil and restrict the growth and development of crops.
(2) Hazards to crops
The plastic film residues impact and damage the physical and chemical properties of soil, so it is inevitably difficult for root system of crops to grow and develop. The soil with plastic film residues will hinder the connection of root system and impact on normal absorbance of water and nutrients; when applying fertilizers between plants of crops, the large plastic film residues are isolated so as to isolate fertilizers, impact on fertilizer effect and reduce the productivity of the crops.
(3) Impact on rural environment and landscape
Due to the limitation of plastic film residue recovery as well as incomplete recovery and improper method, the plastic film residues cleaned out are abandoned beside and on the edge of fields. The residues will be blown by wind to houses, fields, treetops so as to impact the rural environment and landscapes and form “visual pollution”.
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(4) Hazards to livestock
After the exposed plastic film residues on the ground are collected with grasses, and the goat eat that by mistakes, hey will obstruct esophagus and impact on digestion, even leading to death.
5.1.5 Impact analysis of planning project on ecological system
The project locates in rural area, and the present situation of land use contains farmland, forest and pasture. The vegetation coverage is favorable, and major crops planted in farmlands contain wheat, forage grass and potatoes, and the major trees in forest are mainly cypress, wild shrub and forage grass. The impact of plantation on ecological system is the non-profit source pollution generated by land usage change, ecological function, landscape and living environment change, and use of fertilizer and pesticides.
(1) Impact of water and soil loss
In the project area, the plantation area shall be expanded, and some areas involve in barren fields treatment. The barren field treatment and supporting road construction will make the ground surface in loose and exposed status, which will provide underlying surface foundation for ground torrent and water erosion, and meanwhile provides material conditions for wind erosion. During barren field treatment, the flat lands may possibly block the fold discharge gully. Provided the planned floodwater drainage ditch cannot put into use in time and play its role effectively, the development section might be intensively brushed by sudden flood so as to cause serious water and soil loss.
(2) Land use change
The land of this planting project is originally farmland and barren land without new reclamation of land. Only the treatment of barren land will be conducted to keep originally terrain. The large-scale leveling will not be conducted. The original crops are mainly wheat, potato, forage grass and brushes. After the implementation of this planting project, the sweet oranges, walnuts and forage grasses will be planted. The land use status will change little while only the crops planted will be changed.
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After the project is implemented, the human activities such as reasonable irrigation, farming, fertilizing and planting will change the original characteristics of natural soils, accelerate soil ripening, and improve and production and service performances of soil.
(3) Impact on biological diversity
The improper introduction of new species may lead to mass reproduction of a single species population and damage of ecological equilibrium. No new species will be introduced in this project. The economic fruit-bearing forest shall avoid large-scale planting of single tree species. The strong disease-resistance local tree species, such as walnuts and Chinese chestnuts, shall be planted. The quarantine is necessary when some new species are introduced to prevent from accompanying with plant diseases and insect pests.
After the implementation of this planting project, the diversity of the original ecological environment will be changed, leading to simplification of some species in local area. The single-tree planting will reduce the ecological diversity in agroecological system, cause plant diseases and insect pests easily and impact on the growth of crop forest. The pesticide spraying frequency and dose shall be increased in order to control the plant diseases and insect pests. However, that will cause environmental protection. Meanwhile, the use of large amount of pesticides will kill the natural enemy of the insect pests, and help the rapid reproduction of insect pests. The minor plant diseases and insect pests will become the primary ones, causing vicious circle.
To avoid the adverse effect of single-tree planting, the environmental impact assessment suggests reducing the planting density in areas planting in rows, promoting the growth of other species and alternatively planting other crops between rows.
(4) Analysis of impact on landscapes
When the project is completed, the landscape elements and structure will be changed obviously in assessment area due to the change of land use method. In this case, the quality of landscape ecological system may change. Compared with the current situation, the landscape elements and structure within the area changed obviously in aspects of
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vegetation type and variety; the growing plants in the planting area may form certain scale, and the change of landscape pattern may help perfect and improve the ecological environment within the area. In later stages, the ecological tourism projects such as rural home inns can be carried out gradually to promote the benign, cycling and multidirectional development of ecological agriculture.
5.2 Environmental impact analysis of breeding project
5.2.1 Feeding process and pollution generation analysis
The feeding project mainly involves in chicken and goat. The feeding area has abundant feed and forage grass resources, and in local area, certain feeding habits have been formed. The goat feeding is developed in Xishui. The variety is Qianbei Ma Goat, and the feeding method is retail feeding (at maximum 80 goats /household). The chicken feeding is developed in Chishui and Tongzi. The feeding varieties are Chishui black-bone chicken and Huaqiu local chicken, and the feeding method is intensive captive breeding by cooperative and peasant households.
The breeding project is mainly to fatten the livestock without slaughtering. The sewage water generated by breeding process is mainly from the waste water flushing urine and excrement of livestock and colony houses; the stink is mainly generated by urine and excrement of livestock and from the excrement composting; the solid wastes are mainly from excrement of livestock and livestock died of diseases generated during feeding; the noise is mainly from crow and bleat.
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Construction dust Waste gas Vehicle off-gas
Construction waste water Waste gas Sanitary wastewater Colony house and auxiliary facility installation Noise Construction equipment
Solid Construction waste waste Household garbage
Vegetation damage Ecolo gy Water and soil loss
Smashing Silage feed Mixed batch
Vehicle off-gas Waste gas Feeding odor
Excrement liquid Waste Washing Methane Agricultural irrigation Colony house feeding gas waste water tank Domestic sewage Bleat and grunting Marketing Transportation Noise vehicles Greening and sound isolation measures Transportation vehicles Take-out Goat manure Used as farmland organic fertilizer after composting Household Intensively collect and transport to Solid garbage household garbage yard for landfill waste Placenta Take-out or landfill Dead bodies Fill in safety well
Figure 5.2-1 Flow Path Chart and Diagram of Production Pollution for Chicken Breeding Project
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5.2.2 Environmental impact analysis of surface water
According to status survey, the areas where the breeding project locates will solve the water by mountain pond or building reservoir. According to the water consumption norm for animal husbandry in Industrial Water Consumption Norm of Guizhou Province (DB52/T725-2011), the water consumption of breeding project is as follows:
Table 5.2-1 Water consumption of livestock feeding in each project area Project Water Project Normative value implementing Scale consumption name ( L/100• Day) county (m3/d) Black-bone Chishui City 1 550000 550 chicken Huaqiu Tongzi County local 1 300000 300 chicken Xishui County Goat 20 14850 297 Total water consumption (m3/d) 1147
The water for feeding will be provided by mountain ponds. Complete mountain ponds are built in each project area. This project mainly focuses on retail feeding, so it will not cause the difficulty of livestock water. The drinking water of the project area is adequate, and livestock water can be satisfied.
The main waste water of the breeding project is mainly from colony house washing water and urines of livestock.
The colony house shall implement dry collection process according to the maximum allowable water discharge volume (by calculation in summer) for dry collection process in Standard for Pollutant Discharge of Livestock and Poultry Industry (GB18596-2001) as shown in Table 5.4.
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Table 5.2-1 Livestock feeding water discharge in each project area Project Water Project No. implementing Normative value Scale discharge name county (m3/d) Black-bone 1 Chishui City 0.7m3/Thousand ·d 550000 385 chicken Huaqiu Tongzi 2 local 0.7m3/Thousand ·d 300000 210 County chicken Xishui 3 Goat 0.6 m3/Hundred ·d 14850 89.1 County 4 Total water discharge: 684.1 m3/d
Remarks: according to Guide for Construction and Investment of Rural Small-sized Livestock and Poultry Feeding Pollutant Prevention Project (approved and issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection on Nov. 11, 2013), three goats are converted to the equivalent of one pig, and the normative value of goat feeding is 0.6 m3/one hundred goats ·d.
The feeding waste water contains urines of livestock and washing water of colony house. The waste water contains high organic concentration, high nitrogen and phosphorus content, more suspended solids, large stink and high pollution load. Besides, the difference is great in aspects of livestock variety, feeding management level, climate and seasons. This project adopts dry collection method for excrement. The waste water concentration complies with main water pollutants generation and property for livestock and poultry feeding in Table A2 in Best Available Technical Guide for Pollution Prevention in Scale Livestock and Poultry Farm (Trail). The production of waste water quality and pollutants can be seen in Table 5.2-2.
Figure 5.2-2 Flow Path Chart and Diagram of Production Pollution for Goat Breeding Project Waste Pollutant Project Type of water implementing waste Indexes volume COD NH -N TP TN county water 3 (m3/a) Chishui City Waste Concentration 140525 10500 600 60 750 Tongzi water (mg/ L)
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County from Production chicken 1475.51 84.32 8.43 105.39 volume (t/a) feeding Waste Concentration 10500 600 60 750 Xishui water (mg/ L) County from 76650 Production Chishui City chicken 804.82 45.99 4.60 57.49 volume (t/a) feeding Waste Concentration 1790 300 40 60 water (mg/ L) Tongzi from 32521.5 County Production goat 58.21 9.76 1.30 1.95 volume (t/a) feeding
Remarks: the concentration of waste water from goat feeding is obtained according to analogy.
The feeding projects implement increment and urine separation. Meanwhile, the gully shall be built around the colony house to collect the washing waste water. The colony house shall be washed regularly. The waste water, after collected by gully, will flow to biogas digester for anaerobic digestion. The sewage, after anaerobic digestion, will be used to fertilize the farmland, and the biogas generated will be used for living fuels of peasant households.
The sewage, after anaerobic digestion in biogas digester, will be used to fertilize the farmland and will not discharge outside. The impact on surface water environment is small.
5.2.3 Environmental impact analysis of underground water
The livestock water used in this feeding project will be supplied by mountain pond or reservoir without taking the underground water. It will not impact on the underground water level and resource volume in that region. The main approaches polluting the underground water of the feeding project during the operating period are:
(1) The feeding project uses biogas digester and excrement treating pond as temporary storage and treatment facilities. The biogas digester and excrement treating pond may
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cause pollutant infiltration by reasons such as impermeable layer damage, thin adhesive-bonded joint or sewage pipeline damage so as to pollute shallow groundwater. The possibility of that pollution approach is small. Once occurred, it is difficult to be found, and the pollution and impact caused is large. Therefore, the management shall be strengthened to avoid the occurrence of infiltration.
(2) Provided the control measures for the livestock excrement temporary storage yard are inappropriate, it is easy to generate percolates and pollute underground water.
(3) In rainstorm day, if the rainwater is not discharged smoothly, the rainwater with toxic and harmful substances will infiltrate into the earth surface near livestock colony house, and pollute the underground water.
(4) The feeding waste water will not be discharged, and some will return to farmland through treatment. Therefore, it might generate certain impact on regional underground water.
5.2.4 Analysis and forecast of acoustic environment impact
The main noise of this feeding project is from bleat, and the noise resource is 75～ 85dB(A). The noise can be treated approximately as point acoustic source. In view of the noise attenuated from different ranges, the contribution value of sound source to the nearby sensitivity protection objective is calculated, and the contribution value of sound source is analyzed. The attenuation mode is as follows:
Lp=Lpo－20lg(r/ro)－△L In this formula:
Lp—— Predicted value of construction noise r m from sound resource, dB(A);
Lpo——Reference sound level ro m from the sound resource, dB(A); ro—— Measure point distance of Lpo noise (5m or 1m), m. △L——Noise attenuation after taking various measures, dB(A).
According to the prediction mode of point source attenuation, the attenuation situations of noise with distance calculated can be seen in the following table.
Table 5.2-4 Predicted value of bleat from different distances
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Original Noise Noise after attenuation dB(A) noise source dB(A) 10m 15m 20m 40m 60 m Bleat 80 60 56.5 54.0 47.9 44.4
According to the predicted result of noise and without regard to attenuation, the noise contribution value from 10m is 60dB. This feeding project locates in Class 2 region regulated in Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-2008). If measures are not taken, the noise at night may exceed standards possibly.
5.2.5 Prediction and assessment of air environmental impact
The waste gas of the feeding project is mainly the stink gas generated from colony house and temporary composting yard. The excrement and urines of livestock mainly generate noxious gas of ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide. Without removal in time, the stink will double and further to generate the repugnant gases of methyl merecaptan, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide and dimethylamine, and breed many mosquitoes and flies, serious impacting on environment and hygiene. The physical and chemical properties of several major repugnant gases can be seen in Table 5.2-5:
Table 5.2-5 Physical and chemical properties of repugnant substances Repugnant Olfactory threshold Characteristics of Molecular formula substances (ppm) odor gas
Trimethylamine (COH3)N 0.000027 Smelly fish
Ammonia NH3 1.54 Pungent taste
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0.0041 Rotten egg Skatoxyl sulfuric —— 0.0000056 Excrement acid
This feeding project belongs to retail feeding， and the largest feeding scale for goats is 80 goats/household. The chicken feeding adopts combined method of intensive and retail feeding. The Huaqiu local chickens in Tongzi County are fed by retail households, with 100 – 200 chickens every household and totally 2258 households. The black-bone chicks in Chishui County are cultivated intensively. There are 50 intensive cultivation booths and 11000 chickens in each booth.
According to the research data and analogical survey of Biological Control Technology
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for Large-scale Farm Repugnant Substances to be Solved (Zhang Kechun, Ye
Chengrong), a farm with 10000 pigs will discharge 15.9kg/h NH3 and 1.45 kg/h H2S. According to the discharge capacity converting method in Guide for Construction and Investment of Rural Small-sized Livestock and Poultry Feeding Pollutant Prevention Project (approved and issued by Ministry of Environmental Protection on Nov. 11, 2013): 20 chickens converting to one pig and three goats converting to one pig, a farm with
10000 chickens will discharge NH3 0.795kg/h and H2S 0.0725kg/h, and a farm with
10000 goats will discharge NH3 5.3kg/h and H2S0.48kg/h to the air. The generation of feeding waste gas pollutants in project implementation area can be seen in Table 5.2-3.
Table 5.2-3 List of Waste Gas Pollutants in Project Implementation Area Project Project No. implementing Scale NH (kg/h) H S(kg/h) name 3 2 county Black-bone 1 Chishui City 550,000 43.72 3.99 chicken Tongzi Huaqiu local 2 300,000 23.85 2.18 County chicken Xishui Qianbei Ma 3 14850 7.87 0.71 County Goat
For the Black-bone chicken feeding in Chishui City, the largest discharge of NH3 is
43.72kg/h (0.87kg/h per booth) and the largest discharge of H2S is 3.99kg/h (0.08kg/h per booth); for the Huaqiu local chicken feeding in Tongzi County, the largest discharge of
NH3 is 23.85kg/h (10.56g/h per household) and the largest discharge of H2S is 2.18kg/h (0.96g/h per household).
The project regions mostly locate in rural areas with favorable environmental quality status. Based on strengthening colony house daily management, cleanness keeping, and removal of animal excrement in time, the impact of malodorous gases to ambient environment can be reduced effectively.
5.2.6 Environmental impact analysis of solid waste
After the implementation of this feeding project, the solid wastes are mainly livestock excrement, feed residue, feed processing dusts, and dead livestock.
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(1) Livestock excrement
Pursuant to the requirements of Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Management Project (HJ497-2009) and Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Control (HT/T81-2001), this feeding project adopts dry collection method for current goat colony house . The clean collection method sets a slope below the slatted floor of goat house to separate solid from liquid. When the excrement leaked and dropped on the slope, the excrement and sewage will be automatically separated in the goat house. The dry excrement will be removed manually every day. The residual excrement and urines will be discharged from the sewer, flowed to the sewage collection system and treated separately then.
Pursuant to the excrement discharge of different animals in Table A2 of Appendix A in Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Management Project (HJ497-2009), the excrement discharge of this project can be seen in Table 5.2-4.
Table 5.2-4 List of excrement discharge in feeding project implementing counties Project Nominal Annual Project No. implementing Scale value excrement name county (kg/one. a) (t/a) Black-bone 1 Chishui City 550,000 25.2 13860 chicken Tongzi Huaqiu local 2 300,000 25.2 7560 County chicken Xishui Qianbei Ma 3 14850 133 1975.05 County Goat
Remarks: the normative value of Qianbei Ma Goat shall be estimated by three goats equaling to one pig.
The excrements of livestock can be lost by water washing. During the stacking process, the excrements are easy to enter the water body. Provided the excrements cannot be collected and treated normatively, they may cause larger pollution to the quality of underground water.
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The direct application without treatment or excessive application of livestock excrements to plantation will lead to over growth and even poison of crops. If the livestock excrement cannot be removed in time, malodorous gas generation will be increased. The large amount of poisonous and harmful components such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide will seriously impact on the air quality near the farm, harm the health of workers in farm and nearby residents, and impact the growth of livestock. Moreover, livestock excrements contain large amount of pathogenic microorganism: parasitic ovum and bred mosquitoes and flies, which increase the varities of pathogenies in the environment, and the bacterium amount. The large amount reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ovum cause the spreading of human and livestock’s infectious diseases. In case of parasitic zoonosis, the epidemic situation will occur and bring catastrophic hazards of human and livestock.
According to the regulations of Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Control (HT/T81-2001), the livestock and poultry excrements must be conducted non-hazardous treatment and comply with Sanitary Standard for the Non-hazardous Treatment of Might Soil (GB 7959—1987). After that, the land can be used. It is forbidden to directly apply the untreated livestock and poultry excrement to farmland. The compost after non-hazardous treatment must comply with the requirements of Table 5.2-5.
Table 5.2-5 Sanitary standards of high temperature compost No. Project Sanitary standard The highest composting temperature reaches over 50～ 1 Compost temperature 55℃, lasting for 5～7 days 2 Mortality of ascarid egg 95－100％ 3 Faecal coliforms 101－102 Effectively control breeding of fly, no living maggot, 4 Fly pupa or newly hatched fly near the excrement
After the livestock excrement generated, collect and transport to the livestock excrement treatment yard, and then use as farmyard manure after treatment of fermentation, fly maggot extinguishment and disinfection.
(2) Feed residue
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The feed residue which can be collected will be processed to use as feed after collection, and which cannot be collected will ferment and compost together with livestock excrement.
(3) Death of diseased and newborn livestock
The treatment of animals died of disease will be strictly according to relevant requirements of hygiene and disease control and conducted by qualified units; the breeders shall put treatment procedures and evidences of animals died of diseases into file for the convenience of supervision and management of environmental protection department.
Without infectious diseases and the case fatality rate of chicken will be calculated according to 10% of total number, and case fatality rate of goats will be 2%. In accordance with the requirements for treatment and disposition of livestock and poultry died of diseases in Technical Specification for Livestock and Poultry Industry Pollution Control (HT/T81-2001), the project villages generally have not conditions for burning the body of goats died of disease. Three or more safety landfill wells shall be set, which should be concrete structure with 3m depth and diameter of 2m, and covered. When filling, after inputting the body of livestock and poultry, cover a layer of 10cm or thicker slaked lime, and seal and compact on by clay.
Table 5.2-6 List of animals died of diseases in project implementation area Project Annua Quantit Weight Dangerou No Project implementin Scale l death y of (kg/animal s wastes . name g county rate death ) (t/a) Black-bon 550,00 1 Chishui City 10% 55,000 1.5 82.5 e chicken 0 Huaqiu Tongzi 300,00 2 local 10% 30,000 1.5 45 County 0 chicken Xishui Qianbei 3 14850 2% 297 50 14.85 County Ma Goat
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(4) Medical wastes
During the operating period of feeding project, when quarantining or curing the chicken and goats, the medical wastes may be generated. The medical wastes belong to hazardous wastes, and shall be disposed by units with qualified for hazardous waste treatment.
The project locates in remote rural areas, and the epidemic treatment is conducted in houses of farmers. Most of the waste medical supplies are abandoned arbitrarily, and no effective collection, storage and transportation system has been formed. The overdue drugs and waste medical devices in the veterinary station shall be stored uniformly after collected, and regularly transported to landfill point for filling. The landfill points are mostly selected in the regions far from water source point, without intensive environmental sensitive spots nearby such as residential area and schools. The site, through prudent consideration, shall be selected in areas with stable geology, low underground water level and high seepage-proofing coefficient. However, the landfill area treats simply, easy to pollute underground water and pollute the soil with larger environmental risks. It seriously harms the environment.
According to Standard for Pollution Control on Hazardous Waste Storage (GB18597-2001) and National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes, the hazardous wastes generated by livestock and poultry epidemic treatment of the project belong to HW01 medical wastes, which should be sent to qualified units for hazardous wastes to collect and treat.
5.2.7 Impact analysis on human health and environmental health
Livestock are the hosts of many pathogenic microorganisms. Without effective anti-epidemic measures as well as colony house settlement and disinfection measures, the diseases may occur and spread, harming the heath of nearby people. Meanwhile, putting excessive antibiotic in feeds may remain some antibiotics in the poultry meat and lead to adverse impact on eaters.
The infectious diseases of goats will be divided into acute infectious diseases and chronic infectious diseases, including anthracnose, brucellosis, aftosa, sheep pox, bradsot,
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contagious ecthyma, colibacillosis in lambs and enterotoxaemia, etc. Some diseases are zoonosis, such as tuberculosis, anthracnose and brucellosis. People may be attacked by the disease through directly contacting the secretion and excrement of those diseased livestock or eating the diseased products. People can get ill indirectly through various approaches.
This project is to feed animals in the farmers dispersedly. The farmers and animals contacted closely, so the zoonosis is easy to attack human or animals. Besides, the sanitary conditions are unfavorable.
During the feeding, the policy of “disease prevention is prior to cure” shall be insisted to prevent and extinguish diseases, especially the infectious diseases and metabolic diseases so that the production performance can be played better, the service life can be extended and economic benefits can be improved.
5.2.8 Analysis of impact on ecological environment
If feed the goats by straws of grain crops, the excrement of livestock can be applied to soil as organic fertilizer so as to improve soil fertility, form benign ecological circulation and help the development of agricultural production. The chickens and goats in this project are fed in pens, impacting little on local ecology.
5.3 Environmental impact analysis of primary process project
The agricultural product primary process project includes dendrobium nobile process, gastrodia elata primary process, pepper primary process and tea primary process.
5.3.1 Processing technique and major pollutant yielding procedure
（1） Dendrobium nobile process technique
① The process technique is as follows: remove fibrous roots, branches and leaves → place in bamboo basket, cover with rush for storage.
②Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
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The pollutants are solid wastes (roots, branches and leaves) in the course of production as well as domestic sewage from workers.
（2） Gastrodia elata primary process
① The process technique is as follows: gastrodia elata selection → wash with clear water → steam fully with strong heat → dry with the heat of fire until dry.
A Selection. Classify gastrodia elata by weight with the margin of 50 g, place and process with groups by 50-99 g, 100-150 g, 200 g, over 201 g, take out defective ones such as defect gastrodia elata and bad gastrodia elata etc. B Wash with water. Wash the mud in the surface of gastrodia elata with clear water. C Heating in steamer. Place the clean gastrodia elata in steamer for fully heating. D Dry with the heat of fire. Heated bricked kang, heat with strong fire until the kang surface is 50 ℃, scatter the steamed gastrodia elata in one layer, turn over them in every 30 minutes, raise the temperature by 10℃ in every 60 minutes, until the temperature reached 80℃, maintain this temperature until gastrodia elata dry completely.
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A Waste water from the gastrodia elata cleaning procedure and domestic sewage from workers.
B The major waste gas in this project is exhaust gas from fire coal in the drying procedure.
C Solid waste
The major solid waste in this project is defective gastrodia elata such as defect gastrodia elata and bad gastrodia elata etc.
（3） Pepper primary process
① The process technique is as follows: pick out, remove stalks → cleaning, pick out → draining → drying → storage
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Send qualified raw material dry peppers by conveyer belt to the picking table for hand picking, stalk removing, remove the material damaged by worms, mildew, immature and turn brown, send dry peppers into float washing machine for quick clean, clean away the attachments such as microorganism, mud, dust and possible residual pesticides, drain the surface water in cleaned picked raw material with drainage machine, and dry in drying machine, the drying temperature is 60℃-65℃, store after cooled down.
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A Waste water from cleaning procedure and domestic sewage from workers.
B The major waste gas in this project is exhaust gas from fire coal in the drying procedure.
C Solid waste
The solid waste in this project is unqualified peppers from picking procedure.
（4） Tea primary process
① Process technique:
Fixation: damage the activity of oxidase in fresh tea leaves by high temperature, suppress the enzymatic oxidation of tea polyphenols in fresh tea leaves, vaporize a proportion of water in the fresh leaves, make to tea leaves soft and easy to rolling into shape, in the meantime, release the unpleasant smell and reserve the good fragrance.
Rolling: this is the shape procedure of tea primary process, form the tight crooked shape by rolling, and improve the inside nature of tea. Make the tea leaves broke and light by exogenic action, and roll into strip appearence with smaller size and convenient to brew. Some tea would residue in the leave surface, and enhance the tea flavor. The rolling process could be classified into cold rolling and hot rolling. The cold rolling is to roll the cooled down tea leaves after the fixation process; the hot rolling is to roll the tea leaves after fixation process while the leaves are still hot. Tender tea bud should adopt cold
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rolling thus to maintain the olivine tea color inside the tender buds, elder tea leaves should adopt hot rolling thus to make the leaves tight and reduce broken leaves.
Drying: the purpose of drying is to evaporate the water, modify the shape and fully activate the tea fragrance. The drying method could be classified to pan drying, baking and sunning. Generally the drying procedure includes baking and then pan firing. The water content in the tea leaves after rolling is still high, therefore the tea leaves may turn into block mass in the dryer pan in case drying directly, the tea leaves may stick to the pan wall. Considering this, most of tea leaves would baking until the water content has lowered into the requirement of pan firing.
Fresh leaves Primary Fixation Primary Repeated rolling classification rolling drying
Tea stalk Noise, tea dust
Repeat Storage after dried drying and Shape modification pick the tips
Fig. 5.3-1 Tea primary process procedure and pollutant yielding diagram
② Pollutant yielding procedure and major impacts:
A There is no production waste water from the tea process procedure, the major waste water is domestic sewage from workers.
B The waste gas in the tea process procedure is the tea dust from the process procedure.
C The noise in the tea process procedure is noises from the fixation device and drying device, the noise intensity is analyzed to be around 70-85dB(A).
D The solid waste in the tea process procedure is broken tea leaves, stalks, tea grounds in the process procedure and discarded packages.
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5.3.2 Operation noise effect analysis
The noise intensity of process workshop is around 70～80dB(A), forecasting on single noise source has been carried out as the location of workshop and arrangement thereof have not been determined. The noise source intensity in environmental impact forecasting is assumed as 80 dB(A), adopt the recommended mode in Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment (HJ2.4-2009), the calculation of noise level attenuation and forecasting on contribution value of ambient noise have been carried out, i.e. adopt free sound field transmission mode:
L2=L1-klgr=L1-20lgr
In which: L2—— sound level value in different places away from noise source, dB(A);
L1—— intensity value of noise source, dB(A); r—— distance between the forecasting point and the noise source, m; k—— attenuation coefficient of noise source in free sound field
The calculation results are as follows:
Table 4.4-1 Noise level contribution level Distance r (m) 1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Leq(dB) 80 66 60 54.0 50.5 47.9 46.0 44.4 43.0 41.9 40.9 40
We could see from the forecast that: the noise in place 40 meter away from the plant would meet the standard of 2 type field specified in Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (60 dB at day time, 50 dB at night).
The workshop location selection should take the impact of noises to the ambient environment into consideration, try to avoid the residential area. Meanwhile, in order to establish a good working condition and reduce outburst noises, it is required in this environmental impact assessment that the governing of noise in noise source should be intensified by the owner, for example, carry out sound insulation, noise reduction to the
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wall of amorphophallus albus milling workshop, equip shock pad to devices, apply flexible pipe in the connection of pipes, place isolation partition for devices as well as other treatment measures to reduce the impacts of device operation to the workers and ambient environment.
5.3.3 Operation water environmental impact analysis
The waste water in this project are mainly domestic sewage from workers and waste water from cleaning procedure.
The key pollutants in domestic sewage are COD、BOD5、NH3-N etc. Domestic sewage would be used as farmyard manure after treated in the three level septic-tank, there is no external discharge therefore the impacts to ambient environment is little.
The key pollutants in cleaning wastewater is SS, the density is 150mg/L, the water quality after treatment in settling pond could meet the dry farming standard specified in Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084-2005) which could be used for the irrigation for nearby farmlands and forests.
5.3.4 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis
The fuel used for drying procedure in this project is coal, a certain quantity of SO2, NOx and smoke dusts, would generate while the coal is burning, these yields would be collected by gas-collecting hood and then discharged through the 15 meter high exhaust chimney after desulfuration and dedusting treatment by basic water film, the impact to ambient environment is little.
The tea dusts in the tea leave process would be collected by dust collecting unit, the impact to external environment is little.
5.3.5 Solid waste environmental impact analysis
The solid wastes in the process project are mainly discarded package materials, defective goods, domestic garbages.
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Discarded package materials: discarded materials from packing process, mainly is paper, plastic etc, recycled by recycling center after separate collection.
Defective goods: decayed gastrodia elata or degenerative raw materials from the process procedure which could be collected in the plant, disposed by local environmental sanitation authority regularly, random dump is forbidden.
Domestic wastes: food waste residue and a small quantity of domestic garbage. Domestic wastes would be collected temporally and transfer to local environmental sanitation authority regularly for disposal.
In general, the impacts of solid wastes with proper disposals are to environment is low.
5.4 Resources carrying capacity analysis
5.4.2 Water resource carrying capacity analysis
（1） Regional water resource
The water resources in Chishui is abundant, the total water resource is 10 billion m3, in which 9.5 billion m3 is surface water resource. There are over 800 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 30 million m3.
Xishui belongs to Changjiang River system, the annual average surface water resource in the region is 1818 million m3. There are over 400 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 10 million m3.
Tongzi belongs to Changjiang River system, the annual average surface water resource in the region is 625 million m3. There are over 200 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 5 million m3.
Xishui belongs to Chishui river system and Wujiang River system in the upper part of Changjiang River, the rivers is large in quantity, the annual total runoff is 1472.3 million m3. There are over 300 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 7 million m3.
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The rivers in Zhijin are extensively spread, the average water resource over years in Zhijin is 2273 million m3. The water resource in high flow year (P=10%) is 3020 million m3, while that of median flow year (P=50%) is 2220 million m3, that of low flow year (P=90%) is 1580 million m3. The total reserves of underground water over years is 602 million m3. The total water resource is 2.3 billion m3 after the deduction of repeated counting in surface runoff and underground water. There are over 400 reservoirs, ponds in this region with the water storage of 12 million m3.
（2） Water consumption forecasting in project region
Based on Guizhou Province Industry Water-Use Quota (DB52/T725-2011), the water-use quota of agriculture, forestry and husbandry in Guizhou Province are specified in detail as follows:
Table 5.4-1 List of agricultural irrigation area in Guizhou Province Mild warm medium Mild warm severe summer Agricultural irrigation area summer dry land in dry land in north-eastern northern Guizhou (III) Guizhou (IV) Project location Zunyi Bijie
Table 5.4-2 Guizhou Province agricultural industry water-use quota Net Quota Irrigation Irrigation Category name irrigation unit arrangement method quota Comprehensive Tube-well Potato m3/mu 40 in the province irrigation Comprehensive Spray Forge grass m3/mu 70 in the province irrigation Melons, fruits Comprehensive Tube-well m3/mu 100 Vegetable in and peas in the province irrigation greenhouses Stems and Comprehensive Tube-well m3/mu 160 leaves in the province irrigation Vegetable in Melons, fruits Tube-well m3/mu Ⅱ 90 open field and peas irrigation
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Tube-well m3/mu Ⅲ 60 irrigation Tube-well m3/mu Ⅳ 100 irrigation Tube-well m3/mu Ⅱ 120 irrigation Stems and Tube-well m3/mu Ⅲ 100 leaves irrigation Tube-well m3/mu Ⅳ 130 irrigation Comprehensive Spray Cultivation Woody m3/mu 70 in the province irrigation of fruits, Comprehensive Spray nuts Herbal m3/mu 100 in the province irrigation Pepper m3/mu m3/mu / 30 Comprehensive Spray Tea leaves m3/mu 120 in the province irrigation Comprehensive Spray Cultivation and plant of forests m3/mu 130 in the province irrigation
Table 5.4-3 Guizhou Province livestock industry water-use quota Category Scale water-use quota unit Arrangement Quota name Comprehensive Sheep Over 100 Liter /number*day 30 in the province Comprehensive Chicken Over 10000 Liter /number*day 1.5 in the province
Please refer to table 5.4-4 for the detailed water-use quota in project area
Table 5.4-4 List of water-use quota in project area Water use quota Project area Category name Quota Project scale (10k m3) Chishui Dendrobium 130m3/mu 4500 mu 58.5
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stem 1.5 Liter Raise chickens 550 thousand 1.65 /number*day Subtotal 60.15 Vegetable 60 m3/mu 300 mu 1.8 30 Liter Xishui Raise sheep 14850 sheep 8.91 /number*day Subtotal 10.71 Vegetable 60 m3/mu 1102 mu 6.61 1.5 Liter Tongzi Raise chickens 300 thousand 9.0 /number*day Subtotal 15.61 Potato 40m3/mu 7000 mu 28.0 Gastrodia elata 130m3/mu 11000 mu 143.0 Salvia Dafang 130m3/mu 2500 mu 32.5 miltiorrhiza Pepper 30 m3/mu 30000 mu 90.0 Subtotal 293.5 Potato 40 m3/mu 5500 mu 22.0 Bamboo fungus 130m3/mu 1600 mu 20.8 Zhijin Tea leaves 120m3/mu 5000 mu 60.0 Subtotal 102.8
（3） Water resources carrying capacity analysis
The major water used in this project is agricultural irrigation and live stocking water. The water resources in project locations are abundant, the total water reserve in Chishui is 30 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 601.5 thousand m3, which accounts to 2.0% of all; the total water reserve in Xishui is 10 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Xishui is 107.1 thousand m3, which accounts to 1.07% of all; the total water reserve in Tongzi is 5 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Tongzi is 156.1 thousand m3, which accounts to 3.12% of all; the total water reserve in Dafang is 7 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 2935 thousand m3, which accounts to 41.93% of all; the total water reserve in Zhijin is 12 million m3, while the water-use quota of project in Chishui is 1028 thousand m3, which accounts to 8.57% of all. Therefore the water resources in project locations could satisfy the water demand of projects.
5.4.2 Forage grass balance analysis in livestock breeding project area
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In order to protect meadow and enable animal husbandry to develop sustainably, it is necessary to control stocking capacity and prevent meadow overloading, Based on the comprehensive analysis of livestock scale and forage grass supply in livestock breeding area, one can provide basis for livestock development scale in current situation. According to materials provided by all the project counties, conduct forge grass balance analysis, as shown in the following Table 5.4-2.
Seen from the analysis, the meadow in project areas can basically satisfy demands of animal husbandry development, and the added livestock breeding project will not break ecological balance.
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Table 5.4-1 Schedule of Water Balance in Project Areas
Water Consumption Gross Amount of Surface Available Water Water Consumption Surplus and Amount in Current No. County Name Water (Ten Thousand Amount (Ten Amount in Project Areas Deficiency (Ten Situation (Ten m3) Thousand m3) (Ten Thousand m3) Thousand m3) Thousand m3) 1 Xishui County 181800 1000 596 10.71 +393.29 2 Chishui County 950000 3000 1690 60.15 +1249.85 3 Tongzi County 62500 500 320 15.61 +164.39 4 Dafang County 14723 700 356 293.5 +50.5 5 Zhijin County 227300 1200 560 102.8 +537.2 Note: Water available for the project include that in reservoir, pool and other water storage pools (project water introduction) and doesn’t include rain water. Table 5.4-2 Schedule of Grass Resources in Project Areas Gross Amount of Available Grass (ton) Gross (Ton) Amount of Amount of Amount of Required (Wild Existing Surplus and No. Name of County Planned Grass (Artificial (Natural (Crop Grass Livestock Subtotal Others Deficiency Livestock Amount Meadow) Meadow) Straw) Ground) (Sheep (ton) (Sheep Unit) (ton) Unit) 1 Xishui County 53041 133660 267326 712883 173816 277037 79244 117187 65600 +403157 2 Chishui County — — — — — — — — — — 3 Tongzi County 60000 100000 104000 108800 3000 60000 35000 8000 2800 +1600 4 Dafang County 89038 245750 435248 341175 46857 424107 97785 53555 — +93893 5 Zhijin County 4540 11000 54620 31746 214 12454 10213 6524 2341 +22874
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5.5 Analysis on environmental capacity
Livestock urine and breeding house washing water do not only have a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, pin and other elements, but small amount of calcium, magnesium and several kinds of microelement, which is beneficial to crop growth. They can be used after sewage treatment to irrigate, which can save large amount of fertilizer, increase crop yield, improve physicochemical property of soil to increase soil fertility, benefit the crop growth, and save water resources and decrease contaminant discharge amount, being a “double benefit” measure. Project areas belong to rural areas where there are no methane supporting facilities, livestock urine and breeding house washing water are led to urine storage pool to be used in cropland fertilization after fermentation.
According to related instructions in the Detailed Regulation for Total Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th Five-year Plan of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, “for using sewage water/urine for agriculture, it is necessary to build fixed rain-proof and leakage-proof sewage/urine storage pools which, generally, can store sewage/urine amount over two months (the volume of storage pool should not be less than 0.3m3 for each pig slaughtering) and should provide definite sewage/urine destination or users’ usage certificates. Generally, the manure amount absorbed in each acre of land does not exceed the quantity generated by 5 pigs (slaughtering=15 sheep), 200 chickens (slaughtering), 50 layer chickens (breeding stock), 0.2 beef cattle (slaughtering) and 0.4 dairy cattle (breeding stock).
Generally livestock breeding project areas are built with specialized urine storage pool and temporary dry manure storage yard which adopt brick-cement structure, and are painted with cement on pool bottom and walls to prevent urine leakage. Urine and manure are used in cropland fertilization after fermentation and degradation. See Table 5.5-1 for the balance of cropland fertilization of waste water and manure in livestock breeding projects.
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Table 5.5-1 Statistical Table of Livestock Urine and Manure Fertilization in Each Project Area Scale (livestock Required Existing Cropland Project Product amount) Cropland in Amount in Project Satisfiability County Name Fertilization Existing Added Areas (hm2) (Existing+Added) Chishui Chicken 3089000 550000 1213 14667 Satisfied County Xishui Sheep 53041 17620 314 10528.4 Satisfied County Tongzi Chicken 350000 300000 217 2432.5 Satisfied County
All the livestock breeding project areas locate in rural areas, and cropland planting is based on rice, wheat, corn, potato, etc. Croplands can be used to plant forge grass in slack farming season of Winter, when waste water and manure generated from livestock breeding can be fully absorbed. The livestock breeding in this project belongs to dispersing type and will not cause concentrated pollution in areas.
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6 Analysis of Alternative Scheme
The analysis of alternative scheme aimed at optimizing the project design in terms of resources and the environment, and comparatively analyzing the extent and range of the impact caused by different designs on the ecological environment; as well as recommending with regard to the project designs from the point of environmental protection to optimize the program design in order to provide a scientific basis for the project decision-making choice.
Comparison analysis on this project alternative scheme is mainly from three aspects: First, the comparison analysis of zero program; Second, the comparison analysis of project site; Third, the comparison analysis of technical solutions.
The general principles for comparison analysis of alternative scheme:
(1) The comparison principle of quantification: for each alternative scheme, to quantify the environmental impact caused by the project implementation as far as possible.
(2) Comparison principle of comprehensiveness: to analyze comprehensively and comparatively from the environmental, technical, economic, social and other aspects.
(3) Comparison principle of conformity: the selected program should comply with the relevant development plans and standards, and should adapt to local conditions.
6.1 Analysis of Zero Program
The evaluation of alternative scheme “with project” or “without project” showed in table 6.1-1.
Table 6.1-1 Analysis with project or without project Category Scheme with project Scheme without project (1) The project construction is in (1) Without changing the value line with the planning for of land use (no occupying The main poverty alleviation and national farmland, woodland, etc.); advantages industrial policy; (2) Maintaining the current (2) To promote the infrastructure situation, where there are no
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construction of poverty-stricken vegetation damage, no soil areas; to promote the erosion and other environmental communication in cultural, problems; material, economic field; and to (3) There is no environmental gradually narrow the poverty pollution problem caused by gap; construction dust, construction (3) Improving the traffic noise and construction waste situation to facilitate residents in slag. traveling, and to promote social stability and harmonious development. (1) Without traffic facility, the cost of living and production will (1) The occupation of land will be increased as a result of the change its use, in which the materials transportation by permanent occupation will cause human and livestock; an irreversible effect, and temporary occupation will cause (2) Transportation inconvenience a reversible effect; will make the materials hard to carry out, which will cause the (2) The vegetation damage problem that the regional during construction will result in The main abundant materials overstocked, soil erosion; disadvantages and then result in economic (3) Environmental problems will backwardness. be generated by the "three (3) The original damaged road wastes" during construction; will raise dust and cause impact (4) The traffic noise, vehicle on the surrounding environment; exhaust, etc. will have a certain (4) A poor traffic condition is impact on the environment more likely to lead to accidents, during the operation period. causing economic losses and environmental pollution.
The assessment believed: the implement of the Project would bring benefits Comprehensive locally which were larger than environmental impact. As a result, in the long analysis run, implement of the Project was advised.
6.2 The Different Environment Impact Different Cropping Patterns have on Comparison Analysis
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This project focused on the comparison of its cropping pattern with the traditional cropping pattern; including the planting land selection, land clearing, land preparation methods, planting density of fruit trees, planting pattern, fertilizer, irrigation, pest control, etc. detailed in Table 6.2-1.
Table 6.2-1 Comparison analysis of different planting patterns Related Traditional planting Planting pattern of this project factors pattern Destroying generally the original vegetation; Using bulking or bagging methods to clean it; changing the original following the original topography and feature; slope to a flat land; Grassland reserving the native grasses in the leading to soil erosion cleanup ecologically fragile areas or large slope areas; and loss of soil reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss; nutrients; going against protecting biodiversity. biodiversity conservation. Using generally a Potatoes: deep plowing in winter, shallow comprehensive plowing after spring; breaking up clods and reclamation and strip Land leveling the ground. Retaining all the wild tillage, of which the preparation grass areas and the slope forest areas; and land disturbance area is methods constructing the ridge and cofferdam. For 30% to 100%, resulting land staying in a larger slope, it is not suitable in severe damage to for reclamation planting. vegetation, and causing soil erosion. All Project areas are equipped with seedlings Seedling variety is and breeding bases, where the planting seed Seed uneven, and owns poor can be selected out of excellent and suitable selection disease resistance and planting ones to develop high-yielding and low yield. pest-resisting breeds. Potato uses the ridge tillage of wide and narrow alternate rows, as well as low fossa It lacks of professional and high wing compartment; 3 compartments, guidance with fossa distance of 0.9-1 feet, Chinese Mu excessive density and Planting distance of 4000-4400 plants; inadequate supply of density That ensures good lighting conditions and nutrients, lighting and nutrient supply to form a rational structure of other conditions, which trees, shrubs and grasses, a healthy and stable resulting in poor yield structure, to improve disease resistance and and disease resistance. yield. Planting Potato using the crop rotation pattern. The large-scale pattern Raising chickens under the forest can reduce cultivation of a single
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the occurrence of pests and diseases, which species, namely a single not only lowered the cost of pest control and planting structure, is forage, but also increased farmers' income. prone to incur pests, in The understory chicken can improve the soil which the species and increase the content of soil organisms as disease resistance will well as the enzyme activity. decline, and also the Understory intercropping can not only synergies between improve soil structure of economic fruit trees species. and soil nutrient content, but also reduce soil erosion as well as pests and diseases. Crop rotation is in favor of a balanced consumption of soil nutrients, and is meanwhile helpful for reducing the hazards of weeds and crop pests associated. It lacks of pertinence Based on the soil nutrients content and the and awareness of requirement of plant growth cycles, and manure and chemical through field guide, soil monitoring and fertilizers, which will diagnosis of plant nutrition, the fertilization is Fertilizing cause blind fertility carried out rationally. And it uses the fertilization, and further combination of organic manure and chemical easily lead to a waste of fertilizers with a right amount to avoid resources and non-point non-point source pollution. source pollution. Conclusion Recommended Not recommended
6.3 Scheme Comparison of Green Control and Control with
Traditional Anti-pest Technology
Project area is located in the countryside, where the pest prevention and control uses traditional methods more, such as spraying pesticides; this project for planting works promotes vigorously the green prevention and control, and now the pros and cons of the two schemes have been comparatively analyzed.
Table 6.3-1 Comparison analysis on pest control techniques of the traditional and green Category Traditional pest control Green control
(1) Easy to operate, with no need for (1) Using a variety of control The main professional training; techniques like ecology, advantages (2) The initial investment of capital biology, etc., by which the and equipment is low; pest control effect is thorough;
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(3) Quick effect of initial pest (2) The amount of pesticide control. residues is low, less harmful to human health; (3) Reducing the amount of pesticide usage to solve the serious point source pollution problem; (4) Creating green food is not only in line with national industrial policy and may get a better sale, but also makes it easy to open markets and increase income. (1) Excessive use of pesticide will form a non-point source pollution, causing surface water, groundwater, air pollution and other environmental (1) Initial stage needs greater problems; investment; The main (2) Long-term, excessive use of (2) Training for growers to disadvantage pesticides is easy to make the worms spread large scale planting, s produce antibodies, which will lead because the effect by small to poor pest control, waste of money regional implementation is not and a vicious cycle; so great. (3) The lack of specialty products makes the region less competitive advantage. The implementation places of the project are poor rural areas, where potato is the characteristic products with strong competitive advantage in the marketplace, so through the implementation of green control and creating green products, it can provide a broader market for the product; in addition, the implementation of the green control is in accordance with the national policy of developing green food, and can Comprehensi gain good environmental benefits for prevention and treatment of ve analysis pesticide-point source pollution. Evaluation found that: green control can realize the sustainable agricultural development, accord with the regional current situation, and can reduce regional point source pollution; although the premise needs high investment, it has great long-term benefits, so by evaluation it is recommended to use green control.
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6.4 Comparison and Selection of Breeding Manure Disposal Methods
The manure in the livestock farm has a dual identity of pollution and fertilizer, on which a good disposal gaining a fertilizer and eliminating pollution source, but poor disposal leading to pollution and wasting a valuable organic fertilizer resource. Now, the comparison and selection of different manure disposal methods between retail small farming and of concentrated scale farming have been shown in Table 6.4-1 and Table 6.4-2.
Table 6.4-1 Comparison Analysis on Different Manure Treatment Plans in Retail Small-Scaled Livestock Breeding Simple storage Household methane pit in Separation of dry and loose Category waterlogged hydraulic type manure+Household methane pit compost ① After collection and storage, Store manure into Manure, urine and manure can be used as organic a pile for heat washing water enter the fertilizer; preservation and Technology hydraulic methane pit, ② Urine and washing water enter fermentation to description discharge biogas slurry, anaerobic digestive treatment make organics regularly clean system, methane is used for into inorganic sediment as fertilizer. household heating, and biogas nutrient. slurry can be used to irrigate. Small and Retail livestock Those using small, middle and Applicable middle-scaled livestock breeding plants large-scaled livestock breeding range breeding plants adopt adopt this method plants this method ① Low investment, no energy consumption and low operation ① Occupied land in small area with expense; ① It can gain partial satisfying effects; ② Convenient to methane; ② It can gain better economic Advantages be managed, and ② It can treat larger benefits; have small amount of manure, urine ③ Turn the waste into values, with influence on and other waste water. resources being efficiently used surrounding environment without noise; ③ It can reduce fertilizer usage
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amount in local places to improve soil fertility. ① Smaller treatment amount; ① Degradation treatment ② Need large is quite limited, with area of land to serious pollution after It needs a certain area of cropland
use manure; discharge; and forestland to consume manure Disadvantages ③ There exist ② Cause large-scaled and biogas slurry. dangers of loss of organic fertilizer spreading source. livestock disease and zoonosis; Not Conclusion Not recommended Recommended recommended
Table 6.4-2 Comparison Analysis on Different Manure Treatment Plans in Concentrated Livestock Breeding Anaerobic and aerobiotic Separation of dry and loose Middle and large Category fermentation in separation manure+Concentrated methane methane pit of dry and loose manure pit ① After collection and storage, manure generate organic fertilizer in local Manure, urine and ① After collection and places or in external places washing water storage, manure can be used through transportation, or enter the hydraulic as fertilizer; is supplied to nearby methane pit, ② Urine and washing water Technology peasant households on regularly clean enter anaerobic digestive description free; sediment and treatment system, methane is ② After anaerobic biogas slurry as used for peasant household digestive treatment, urine fertilizer after heating, and biogas slurry is and washing water are then fermentation. used to irrigate. finally discharged after treatments in aerobic pool, oxidation pond, etc. Those using middle Those using middle and Those using small, middle and Applicable and large-scaled large-scaled livestock large-scaled livestock breeding range livestock breeding breeding plants plants plants It can generate It can generate organic ① Occupied land in small area organic fertilizer and fertilizer and methane, and with satisfying effects; Advantages methane, and achieve better economic ② It can gain better economic achieve better benefits. benefits;
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economic benefits. ③ Turn the waste into values, with resources being efficiently used ① Relatively larger ① Larger investment and investment; wide occupied land, with ② Production unsatisfying effects; continuity is worse, ② It is hard for wastewater It needs a certain amount of causing lower after treatment to fully meet cropland and forestland to Disadvantages digesting rate; the standards, with high consume manure and biogas ③ 。Fermentation in operation cost; slurry. lower concentration, ③ It causes large amount of and lower losses of organic fertilizer production source. efficiency Conclusion Not recommended Not recommended Recommended
For the above treatment methods, “Separation of dry and loose manure+Methane pit” is the most reliable and worthy to promote method, with many advantages, and applicable for large, middle and small-scaled livestock breeding plant. The zero-discharge of biogas slurry consists the core of anaerobic treatment of manure and sewage in livestock breeding plants, which can obtain qualified energy methane, and zero-discharge solve pollution problems and organic fertilizer loss problems at the same time. Especially for organic fertilizer source problems, as the amount of non-breeding peasant households increasing, this problem will become quite striking. The livestock breeding in this project adopts the method of separation of dry and loose manure+methane pit for breeding manure treatment.
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7. Information publicity and public consultation
Implementation of this project aims to improve current regional infrastructure, promote industrial development, help local farmers overcome poverty and achieve prosperity, as well as facilitate local social and economic development. Generally, project construction will have positive and adverse impacts on surrounding natural and social environment, or directly or indirectly affect the benefits of people living in surrounding and neighboring areas. Due to respective interests, the public hold different attitudes and viewpoints towards the project. Public participation in the survey follows a principle of combining representativeness with randomness. The so-called representativeness refers to that the respondents shall come from all sectors of the society. Randomness means selection of respondents shall have a characteristic of statistical random sampling. Respondents are randomly chosen from defined samples. Selection of respondents shall be equal and impartial, without the investigator's personal subjective will.
Public participation of environmental impact assessment can make environmental evaluation of the project more democratized and popular, give common people directly or indirectly associated with the project a chance of participating in, expressing personal standpoints and proposing requirements, so as to achieve completeness and fairness of environmental assessment work. In addition, advices are sought from experts and persons of all circles so as to know their attitudes and viewpoints of the project, listen to their suggestions, then the environmental and economic benefits of the project can be utilized sufficiently, and environmental resources can be confirmed more comprehensively for making up for potential omission and negligence existing in environmental impact assessment, accordingly, it can help departments concerned develop practical environmental protection measures.
7.1 The purpose of public participation
(1) It can help the public know basic information about project construction such as purpose, scale and location, possible environmental impacts during and after project construction, and countermeasures and measures to be taken by the project, so as to obtain their full comprehension, support and cooperation. The public not only have the right to know construction of the project but can also express their views and
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opinions freely.
(2) Knowing local people's personal experiences and intuitive feelings helps analyze environmental pollution characteristics of the area and current quality level of each environmental element, enhance objectivity of environmental impact assessment, and protect immediate interests of the public;
(3) The public are familiar with resources involved in environmental impact assessment such as natural environment, social economy, agricultural ecology and production and living factors, so public participation can make various environmental-protection measures proposed in this assessment more effective and feasible;
(4) While economic benefits of the project are full produced, public participation can contribute to a realization of harmony and unity of economic, social and environmental benefits.
7.2 Implementation of public participation survey
7.2.1 Survey scope & respondents
The present public participation mainly covers all towns and villages of areas involved in the project. Respondents include residents of regions where the project is located and persons of all circles (e.g. cadres, workers, students), who demonstrate good randomness and extensive representativeness.
7.2.2 Survey contents
The main contents of the public participating survey include:
1. The extent of understanding of the project for the public;
2. The ways the public understand the information of the project;
3. Public awareness of the environmental impacts of the project construction;
4. The maximum impact of the project on the environment;
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5. The impact of the project on the local economy;
6. The impact of the project on individuals and family life;
7. Public attitudes towards the project construction;
8. Which manner the public hope to participate in environmental protection work of this pilot project for poverty alleviation;
9. Other recommendations, opinions and demands of the public on the project.
The public opinion questionnaire of the project is shown in the annex.
7.2.3 Survey methods
The project adopts an investigation method composed of online announcement and questionnaire distribution. During public opinion questionnaire distribution, investigators firstly introduce basic project information to the respondents, including project construction details, potential positive and adverse impacts on local environment. Then, respondents fill in the questionnaire voluntarily, or give opinions orally with contents recorded by investigator. Furthermore, respondent's data shall be indicated, including work unit or family address, gender, age, educational degree, etc. Finally, environmental assessment institution sorts out, analyzes and summarizes the collected public participation questionnaires.
7.3 Disclose the environmental information
(1) The first publicity of the environmental impact assessment
During development of environmental assessment report, pursuant to stipulations of Environmental Impact Assessment Law of PRC and Interim Procedures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (No.2005[28]), the organization undertook the first publicity about project profiles and environmental impact assessment on local websites of associated counties in February 2014 to solicit common people's suggestions and opinions on environmental protection of the project construction. As the project is mostly implemented in rural areas where infrastructure is weak and knowing project information through website is infeasible, environmental
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assessment announcement is posted up in each township associated with the project so that villagers can know construction of the project.
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(2) The second publicity of the environmental impact assessment
In accordance with requirements of Interim Procedures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment, organizations in charge of construction and environmental evaluation publish the second publicity and abridged edition of environmental impact assessment on websites of The Poverty Alleviation and Development Office of Guizhou Province (http://www.gzfp.gov.cn/Web85/News/20140428/11411.htm) and governments of all counties involved in project implementation, in order to invite the public to give opinions on environmental impacts and environmental-protection actions of the planned project. Additionally, organizations in charge of construction and environmental evaluation post announcements at town settlements of all counties associated with project implementation for informing the public of ways of getting abridged-edition report and reflecting opinions. The details of the second publicity are shown in the following figure.
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7.4 Results analysis of the public participation survey
7.4.1 Agency survey results
Under the active support of the construction unit and local government, the evaluation unit visited 147 units in the project implementing county, including the relevant government departments and social organizations such as enterprises. Representatives of the units, after listening to the basic introduction of the project, posted their own opinions and views. According to the research result, their opinions can be concluded as follows:
(1) As for questionnaire survey concerning the knowing aspects of the group towards this project: 99.31% of the statistical people know about it and the other 0.69% knows nothing about it. This indicates that propaganda of the project in implementing areas is intense and the units pay high attention to such poverty alleviation program.
(2) As for the information source: 91.84% of the people know the information from the government notice, which is related to the previous notice of the project posted on the county government websites, and news media accounts for 3.4%, which is related to the publicity of local Poverty Relief Office on the local news media. Others account for 4.76%.
(3) As for the degree of attention paid to the project: 93.20% of the local organizations pay close attention to such projects. For the implement of the loan-poverty alleviation projects of the World Bank would drive the local people to get rich through various ways.
(4) As for the impacts of the projects on local ecological environment: 78.91% of the investigated organization holds positive impact would be produced and 19.05% hold no impact would be brought. 46.94% hold the greatest impact on environment would be on the ecological environment, and 43.54 hold there would be no impact.
(5) As for the impact research conducted by the project: positive impact accounts for 85.03%, ordinary impact accounts for 3.40% and this project belongs to poverty alleviation projects, which would bring positive impact to the local environment.
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(6) As for the economic and social influence of the project: positive accounts for 91.16%, ordinary for 3.40% and no negative.
(7) As for the research of the advantageous and disadvantageous influence of the construction of the project: 98.64% hold that the advantages overweigh disadvantages, showing that the implement of the project launched by the researcher will bring benefits.
(8) The research of the attitude to the construction of the project: no objection was found.
(9) As for the desirable information announce approach: government notice accounts for 89.12%, news media accounts for 5.44% and websites accounts for 4.24%, showing the direction for the second research.
7.4.2 Survey results about the masses in the project implementation county
Assessment organization and construction unit conduct random sampling among some residents in villages and townships of counties involved in project implementation and some affected residents. 300 public opinion questionnaires are sent out and 293 ones are taken back. The forms filled by the respondent are shown in the attached table.
Statistical data of investigated region, questionnaire distribution ratio and sample size show: Investigated region substantially covers all major sensitive spots along the project line. Public investigation of this project possesses certain representativeness. Statistical results of public opinion survey are listed in Table 7.4-1 and 7.4-2.
Table 7.4-1 Statistics of the structure of the public participation survey staff Male Female Gender 89.81% 10.19% Under 35 35~50 Above 50 Age 15.96% 52.69% 31.35% Cadre Farmer Other Occupation 3.27% 90.38% 6.35% Education College, vocational school Junior high school Under junior high school Background （Senior high school included）
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19.43% 68.46% 12.11%
Table 7.4-2 Summary of the public's opinions (personal) of the proposed project Research Contents Statistic Views Number Proportion of valid Order Question (people) questionnaires Yes 518 99.62 Do you know the program is No 0 0.00 1 undergoing in your area? Not remember 2 0.38 Others 0 0.00 Government 501 96.35 notice Where do you get the 2 News media 5 0.96 information? Websites 4 0.77 Others 10 1.92 Great 482 92.69 To what extent are you Ordinary 27 5.19 3 concerned about the Little 11 2.12 program? No 0 0.00 What impact do you think Positive 438 84.23 the program would bring to Negative 9 1.73 4 local ecological No 70 13.46 environment? Not knowing 3 0.58 Atmospheric 198 38.08 What do you think the Water 45 8.65 biggest environmental Ecological 193 37.12 5 impact this program would Acoustic 17 3.27 bring? No (words 67 12.88 indication) Great positive 448 86.15 What impacts to yourself impact 6 and your family do you think Ordinary 26 5.00 the program would bring? Little 40 7.69 Negative 6 1.15 Great positive 485 93.27 What social and economic influence 7 influence do you think the Ordinary 20 3.85 program would bring? Little 11 2.12 Negative 4 0.77 After a thorough think of the Advantages 8 504 96.92 advantageous and outweigh
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disadvantageous influence of disadvantages, the program, what is your feasible. opinion? Advantages are equal with disadvantages, 3 0.58 difficult to choose Disadvantages outweigh 3 0.58 advantages, unfeasible Not knowing 10 1.92 Supportive 508 97.69 What is your attitude to this Not care 10 1.92 9 program? Not supportive 0 0.00 Not care 2 0.38 Government 501 96.35 What is your desirable notice 10 information announcement News media 19 3.65 way? Websites 0 0.00 others 0 0.00 1. implement as soon as possible 2. develop programs that would benefit the people What are your suggestions 3. invest in our county and would be very supportive 11 and advice to the program? 4. start as soon as possible and develop well 5. thecountry should increase the investment in village-level roads, build agricultural park and increase farmers’ income
Table 7.4-2 Individual Survey Results indicates that:
(1) As for questionnaire survey concerning the knowing aspects of the individual towards this project: 99.62% of the statistical people know about it and the other 0.38% knows nothing about it. This indicates that propaganda of the project in implementing areas is intense and the units pay high attention to such poverty alleviation program.
(2) As for the information source: 96.35% of the people know the information from the government notice, which is related to the previous notice of the project posted on the county government websites, and news media accounts for 0.96%, which is related to the publicity of local Poverty Relief Office on the local news media. Others account for 1.92%.
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(3) As for the degree of attention paid to the project: 92.69% of the local organizations pay close attention to such projects, for the implement of the poverty alleviation projects of the World Bank would drive the local people to get rich, which has close concern with the life of local villagers, therefore they all pay close attention to such projects.
(4) As for the impacts of the projects on local ecological environment: 84.23% of the investigated organizations hold positive impact would be produced and 13.46% of them hold no impact would be brought. The greatest environmental impact would be atmospheric (38.08%), followed by ecological (37.12%), water (8.65%) and acoustic (3.27%), and the other 12.88% think there would be no impact at all.
(5) As for the impact of the program on individuals and household life: positive impact accounts for 86.15%, ordinary 5.00%, little 7.69%, negative 1.15%. This program is a poverty alleviation program and would bring positive impact to local environment.
(6) As for the economic and social influence of the project: positive accounts for 93.72%, ordinary 3.85%, little 2.12% and negative 0.77%.
(7) As for the research of the advantageous and disadvantageous influence of the construction of the project: 96.62% hold that the advantages overweigh disadvantages, showing that the implement of the project launched by the researcher will bring benefits.
(8) Survey and statistics about the attitude to the project construction: No adverse opinions on the project.
(9) As for the desirable information announce approach: government notice accounts for 96.35%, news media accounts for 3.65%, showing the direction for the second research.
7.5 Analysis of publicity results
In February 2014, environmental assessment and construction organizations conduct the first publicity of environmental impact assessment on government websites of
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project-implementation counties and at places where project will be performed. During publicity, no feedback is received.
On April 28, 2014, environmental assessment and construction organizations conduct the second publicity of environmental impact assessment on website of The Poverty Alleviation and Development Office of Guizhou Province (http://www.gzfp.gov.cn/Web85/News/20140428/11411.htm), government websites of project-implementation counties and at places where project will be performed. During publicity, no feedback is received.
7.6 Conclusion of public participation
This environmental impact assessment collects the public's opinions and suggestions by means of visit, questionnaire distribution, onsite announcement, online announcement, etc. According to information collected by all methods, the public of project area generally know and support this project. There is no objector. They think the project construction is beneficial to local economic development and able to improve quality of surrounding environment. They hope the project can be implemented as soon as possible with quality and quantity guaranteed; meanwhile, environmental protection shall be done for an early realization of social, environmental and economic benefits.
Through public participation, a certain communication between project party and common people is achieved. A great deal of public information greatly contributes to perfectness of project design, significantly increases effectiveness of environment evaluation work and makes environmental protection measures more practical and easier for operation and implementation. Some problems about people's immediate interests are detected early so that departments concerned can take corrective measures to avoid dispute during formal construction. Furthermore, common people get assistance in maintaining personal legal rights and interests and are encouraged to take part in supervision of environmental management.
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8. The Environmental Management Plan
During the construction and operation of the project, it will have a certain impact on the project area and the surrounding environment, so environmental protection measures must be taken to prevent, abate, mitigate or compensate for adverse environmental impact. Therefore, to ensure effective implementation of environmental protection measures, so that the environmental benefits of the project construction, social benefits and economic benefits can be developed coordinately and simultaneously, we must strengthen environmental management and environmental monitoring, to promote the construction of the project in line with national economic construction and environmental construction synchronized planning, development, and synchronization implementation of policy.
Environmental Management Plan is divided into four parts: environmental responsibility and institutional arrangements, environmental action plan for prevention, environmental monitoring programs and environmental training programs.
8.1 Arrangements of Environmental Management Agencies and
Responsibilities
Environmental management of Guizhou Province Poor Area Industry Poverty Alleviation Pilot Demonstration Project is uniformly managed by Guizhou Poverty Alleviation Office, and the Guizhou Foreign Poverty Alleviation Project Management Center is responsible for implementing. The Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau and Environmental Protection Agency of the county are responsible for the daily supervision, and each county and city PMO is responsible for implementation; Environmental management responsibilities are in Table 8.1-1.
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Table 8.1-1 Environmental management responsibilities division of Guizhou poor areas’ industry poverty alleviation pilot demonstration projects Project Stage Environmental responsibilities stakeholders Infrastructure category 1. Be responsible for handling specific design, supervision, construction, equipment and Owners/PMO materials procurement. 2. Project bidding and approval work, EIA approval Design units made the engineering survey and Design unit, EIA design, and the EIA unit made the preliminary unit environmental impact assessment Design and To check it whether installed the pollution preparation EPA control facilities or not, whether the design reaches standards and so on. To supervise and inspect whether the County Bureaus of construction and engineering design is Construction, reasonable or not, and do the work of bidding Water Resources, and approval, project supervision, construction and Transportation quality and construction safety 1. Supervising Environmental Management Plan to implement the mitigation measures during construction period; Owners/PMO 2. Carrying out the training propaganda of Environmental Management Plan mitigation measures during construction period. County Bureaus of Supervising all the measures during construction Construction Construction, period, to ensure the implementation of civilized period Water Resources, construction and production safety and Transportation Specific implementation of the Environmental Contractor, the Management Plan mitigation measures during construction team construction period. Village committee actively cooperate to Farmers/villages safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the villagers, and to supervise the construction. 1. Specific implementation of the mitigation measures of Environmental Management Plan during operating period; Operation Owners and 2. Making sure the operational phase period operating units environmental protection, construction progress, quality and safety 3. Be responsible for organizing related
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environmental monitoring 4. Be responsible for reporting the implementation to the superior PMO and the World Bank on a regular basis. 1. Specific implementation of the mitigation Farmers, measures of Environmental Management Plan cooperatives and during operating period; village collective 2. Project supervision: protecting the environment, reducing consumables. Guiding and supervising the implementation of EPA Environmental Management Plan mitigation measures Bureaus of Water Guiding and supervising the implementation of Conservancy and Environmental Management Plan mitigation Transportation / measures ... Roads Agricultural project activities To make good project approval, train the propaganda backbones, advocate mobilizing the PMO villagers, carry out the Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan training. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: To boot reasonable adjustment of agricultural industry structure, and the rational allocation of County Bureau of agricultural resources Agriculture and Plant Protection Station: testing soil and making Animal formulated fertilization, monitoring pests and Husbandry, and its epidemic diseases and pests, providing local affiliated Plant dynamic pest data, releasing timely the pests Preliminary Protection Station disease conditions, and conducting design stage Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan training. Carrying out technical promotion and training; Veterinary Station also the Pest Management Plan training. Applying for joining a cooperative and to Farmers recommend management personnel to take part in the project construction Establishing cooperatives or preparatory groups to settle project reporting and approving, Cooperative designing good sewage facilities for the cooperative Village collectives Organizing the advocacy and mobilization EIA unit To make a scientific analysis whether this
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project impact environment or not, and make recommendations to optimize the project design! 1. Regular inspection to the implementation of the measures of the project Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan. 2. To carry out an Environmental Management Plan and Pest Management Plan training. PMO 3. Be responsible for the organization of environmental monitoring 4. Be responsible for reporting the implementation to their superior PMO and the World Bank on a regular basis. Plant Protection Station: guiding pest control, promoting pest control technology and guiding farmers to use organic fertilizer and low residue pesticide to promote pollution-free production. County Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau: Agriculture and organizing production and introduction of the Animal test seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary Husbandry, and its drugs and other products, and also its affiliated Plant demonstration and promotion; organizing and Protection Station guiding quality monitoring and enforcement Implement supervision and management to agricultural stage inputs, such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary drugs, etc. Carrying out livestock prenatal, delivery and postnatal services, training and guiding village Veterinary Station service personnel, technology demonstration households and large farmers. Not to use prohibited pesticides, fertilizers; Farmers Properly handle garbage and take part in project implementation. To take part in project implementation, management, and periodical supervision of Village collectives which production processes may impact environmental. Implementing the project according to environmental requirements and controlling comprehensively the pollution in accordance Cooperatives / with the relevant requirements of the sewage processing units enterprises, Introducing new technologies, new varieties, and launching technical training, technical exchanges and advisory services,
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Carrying out environmental supervision and inspection; County To organize and guide the project area Environmental environmental publicity and education, and Protection Agency popularize environmental science and knowledge of laws and regulations.
8.2 Environmental Mitigation Measures
In order to minimize or eliminate the possible negative impact on the natural environment, and to ensure that the benefit goals of the ecological environment expected by the project can be fully realized, we specially offer you the following environmental measures and environmental regulations.
According to the laws, regulations, standards and procedures of state and Guizhou province, we have, in the process to make the environmental regulations, drawn full lessons from the experience of the project area or similar projects implemented in the country and referred to the World Bank, Environment, Health and Safety General Guidelines, Livestock Mammal Feeding Area Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, Annual Agricultural Product Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, Food and Beverage Processing Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. and then, against the possible effects caused by a variety of activities in this project, provided the following mitigation measures and procedures.
Capital construction projects involve roads, construction of water infrastructure, trade market, construction of processing plant, entertainment square and other rural tourism infrastructure construction, which share some similarity in their effect on environment during the construction process and in their environment protection measures. Common environment mitigation measures in the construction period as listed in details in 8.2-1.
Besides common measures in 8.2-1, the environmental mitigation measures of road construction projects also include special measures for design and operation stages listed in 8.2-2.
Besides common measures in 8.2-1, the environmental mitigation measures of water
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conservancy projects also include special measures for design and operation stages listed in 8.2-3.
Please refer to 8.2-1 for environmental influence and mitigation measures in construction period of trade market, goods storage and processing site, etc. The particularities of the project are specified in details in table 8.2-4.
Please refer to 8.2-5 for detailed environmental mitigation measures for breeding projects.
Please refer to 8.2-6 for environmental mitigation measures for all stages in the whole process of agricultural products processing.
Please refer to 8.2-7 for detailed environmental mitigation measures for plantation projects.
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Table 8.2-1 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Infrastructure Construction Investment The main Estimation Phase negative Environmental measures Executor Supervisor (10,000 impact Yuan) Ecological 1. In the implementation of infrastructure projects, all environment: building materials are purchased from outside, without the new stockyard, without borrowing earth pits; all the construction excavated rock and soil are backfilled, without spoil process of ground; and project construction occupied no basic County earth farmland and woodland, without destruction of Environmental excavation, vegetation. Protection site 2. It is needed to have a scientific construction site Bureau, formation, layout, a reasonable choice of construction period, and a County Construction piling of best trying to avoid the rainy season earthwork planning and units, waste soil excavation; and also a reasonable choice of the construction Construction 50 Project and stone and construction process, namely the exploited soil and stone bureau, phase construction other should be backfilled timely, so as to minimize the piling County Water unit construction time of the temporary soil and stone; a temporary land Authority, activities, use of farmland or forest land should stripping stack or Integrated will damage collecting conserve the mellow soil layer of 0-30cm management of vegetation, topsoil, and promptly restore the reclamation after the rural sanitation impact the end of the construction; the earth material should timely department production of be done together the digging, transporting, backfilling, crops, disturb and compacting, in order to reduce the loss of soil and wildlife water. activities, 3. Combining the construction site terrain conditions, it
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affect the is needed to set the earth drainage ditch around the site, landscape and to set up the earth grit chamber at the outlet of and result in gutter, so that the meeting of waters could reduce the soil erosion, flow rate in the grit chamber and precipitate the geological sediments. disasters and 4. Combining the key rehabilitation with the surface other protection of water and soil conservation by using ecological engineering measures and plant measures together, damage and where the engineering measures are preferential to play ecological the role of efficiency and protection and plant measures impacts as a supplementary measure to play the role of water conservation, To reach a long-term effect of soil and water conservation, and to beautify and green the environment around the project area. 5. To strengthen the public education to those places carrying the implementation of the project, like the counties, townships and villages, prohibiting any forest vegetation wanton felling; taking scientific and rational measures to conserve the water and soil, and occupying as little as possible the land; in the construction process, if it is found rare wild plants, ancient and famous trees, etc., it should be reported to the relevant authorities and taken protective measures in the place. 6. To strengthen publicity and education, forbidding the killing of wild animals. In construction process, if found rare wild animals, it should be promptly reported to the
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authorities and take appropriate protective measures. 7. Revegetation restoration measures are the main plant protection measures for plant, and they should be based on the local climate. The vegetation restoration measures should notice the following technical points: storing the mellow soil of the permanent occupation land and temporary land, to provide good soil for vegetation restoration; collecting and preserving the topsoil of permanent occupation forest land, to lay on other barren soil for planting trees; for temporary occupying land before construction, it should also save a good ripening soil, and after the end of construction to clean up, tillage, cover ripening soil, restore cropping or select locally appropriate plants to recover the green timely. 8. It should be carried out to monitor or investigate the ecological environment in the construction of building and running period. During the construction period, the main work is to monitor the construction area and forest fire; construction units should strengthen the investigation to those regional distributed key protected plants as well as ancient and famous trees, once found key protections during construction, should timely report to the competent authorities to take appropriate protective measures. It is strictly controlled to the work that may cause forest fires, and to the construction personnel, of which in the forest fire prevention period, it is banned any fire using in the mountain wild.
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9. According to the characteristics of the project, and based on the different slope rate, local climate and geological conditions, it is chosen the extensive grass and shrub plants to plant for their adaptation to local natural conditions, so as to recover the excavation slope revegetation and reduce the post maintenance. And selecting key sections of the slope to make artistic treatment is mainly to showcase local culture by way of landscaping plants. In addition to the cutting slope for circular arc, to form a natural transition with the mountains, it will successfully avoid the slop form of blunt cut. Ambient air: 1. The following actions will reduce the environmental sandstone impact of air: using of advanced construction County processing, technology, the wet crushing to gravel system and Environmental concrete concrete system, dust collection equipment, speed Protection mixing, controlling, car tail gas and coal gas, road construction Bureau, transportation area watering schedule, the construction team using Construction County and other liquefied petroleum gas, electricity and other clean units, planning and dust energy, the construction of green areas strengthening 30 the project construction materials, and construction workers labor protection. construction bureau, transport 2. during the construction, inside the in and out passage units Integrated vehicle should be equipped with transport vehicles washing management of emissions, platform, and facilities shall meet the following rural sanitation road dust, requirements: The anti overflow seat should be set department construction around the seat platform to prevent the car wash teams’ living wastewater overflow out; setting wastewater collection
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energy and pit and grit chamber. Vehicles before leaving the site, other tires and body should be washed in the washing activities platform, and shall not be attached to the surface of the impact on sludge. Material or sediment transport vehicles cannot ambient air be loaded over the height of the vehicle wagon ledge, with a tarpaulin covering the bucket or the bucket using a closed car. Solid Waste Earth and stones: Pollution: 1. The beginning of construction shall be carried out on The site excavation, and projects should make full use of the engineering natural terrain gap, and try to avoid high digging and County dregs, deep filling. Environmental construction 2. The earth excavated out can be used for post-planting Protection waste, project land leveling, stonework used for the foundation Bureau, garbage and of basic irrigation channels, ditches and others, avoiding Construction County other random discarded pile. units, planning and improper 3. reasonably arranging temporary storage yard for earth 10 Project construction handlings can and stones, far away from the surrounding (especially construction bureau, cause soil downwind) environmentally sensitive points (farmers), units Integrated erosion, and for temporary stacking of solid earth to take management of which enters measures of tamping, rolling, covering mound cloth; and rural sanitation into the river to set earth protecting wall around and drainage department, will block facilities, so as to minimize the amount of raising dust Health Bureau rivers, and and soil erosion caused by the pile of earth. pollute 4. to set up earth drains around the temporary stacking waters and so site of muck soil, and set the earth grit chamber at the on; outlet of the gutter, so that the flow rate of meeting
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The garbage waters in the pool becomes slowed, and the sediment will send sunk. stench out to Construction waste: make people 1. for recyclable waste (scrap metal, steel scrap, material fulsome, and package bags and others sold to salvage station, scrap it is easy to bricks used as road base material), it should be become synthetically sorted and recycled; spoilage and 2. for those can not be recycled, it should be timely breed removed to a specified point of construction debris pile, mosquitoes, and stacking during transport should be sealed to prevent flies, spills; bacteria; this 3. Temporary stacking should be prepared for will damage waterproofing, wind preventing and other measures. the Living garbage of construction workers: environment The living garbage yard has been set in construction and beauty, zone, which will be daily cleaned by specialized even release persons, collected, classified, regularly transported to toxic gases. nearby living garbage landfill for unified treatment. Surface water 1. Aggregate processing system wastewater: Grit County environment: Chamber + flocculation and sedimentation tank, with the Environmental domestic treated wastewater for concrete mixing, construction Construction Protection sewage has a dust watering and others, not discharged out; units, Bureau, high 2. Concrete systems wash water: sedimentation basin + 50 Project Integrated concentration adding flocculant + impounding reservoir; sedimentation construction management of of pollutants, over 6h will automatically flow into the reservoir, unit rural sanitation and circulating for concrete mixing, construction dust department, production watering and others, not discharged out; Water Affairs
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wastewater 3. Pit waste: Grit Chamber + flocculation and Bureau also has a sedimentation tank, the treated wastewater is used for higher concrete curing and concrete mixing, dust watering, and concentration others, not discharged out. of suspended 4. The construction team uses latrine pits, and sewage as matter, so if manure, nothing discharged out. they were directly discharged, they will have some impact on the environment; 1. Strengthening the subsidence observations on the surrounding surface and buildings, once abnormalities, immediately stop pumping groundwater and County construction. Environmental 2. In the course of project construction, the work area Protection Construction Groundwater shall be kept clean, and avoid water and contaminants Bureau, units, pollution, entering the excavation trench to form water penetration. Integrated 10 Project Groundwater 3. If the site needs to store fuel, the storehouse must be management of construction drawdown imperviously handled; both storage and use should take rural sanitation unit measures to prevent the oil running, emitting, dripping, department, leaking, and polluting water. Water Affairs 4. When the living garbage temporarily stored, it must Bureau be taken seepage prevention and anti erosion measures according to relevant requirements, so as to prevent
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waste water, leachate and other infiltrations from contaminating groundwater. 5. It is better try to choose a non-flood season to carry out a site-based construction, so that the impact of shallow groundwater depth on construction can be reduced. Sound 1. According to the Construction Site Environmental environment: Noise Emission Standards (GB12523-2011) construction requirements, it is obeyed that reasonable arrangements machinery, for the construction time, trying not to carry out the transport construction at night or arranging low noise construction vehicles, operations. Strong noise of construction machinery (such County aggregates as hammers) at night (22:00-6:00) should stop the Environmental processing construction. For sensitive points close to the route, at Protection system and night it should try not to carry out the construction or Bureau, other arrange only low-noise construction operations, while Planning and Construction construction taking measures to reduce the impact of noise on 25 Construction units activities will residents around construction to a minimum; if for Bureau , have an special reason, needing continuous construction, it must Integrated impact on the be admitted in advance by the relevant departments, and management of surrounding communicate in advance with the residents. rural sanitation villages of 2. For sensitive sections of sound environment, it is department sound required to take many measures to protect environment, environment such as to establish No Honking warning signs, to use and also on low-noise equipment; and for noise point source, construction transmission and traffic noise, to implement control, and personnel. for construction personnel to equip with anti-noise
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earplugs, to arrange reasonable construction time and so on. Traffic Impact: 1. The vehicles often out and in the sites should be required to route traffic, and washed clean before entering the township roads; for those materials easy to spread and leak, it is asked to use confined transport, to effectively prevent dust pollution. 2. Vehicles overload or with mud cannot get on the road, Transportation so as to prevent contamination to the road, to reduce Authority, secondary dust pollution. cultural relics 3. The one-way traffic and road construction site nearby bureau, needing appointed people to direct traffic, in order to Construction municipal prevent causing traffic congestion. Especially in the units, bureau for Social Impact places of Zao Er Ya and Qing Ping Village, the road is 5 Project urban narrow and has no relevant traffic sign, so it is necessary construction administration , at the corner of the road and downhill places to layout unit Integrated warning signs of pipeline construction and safety management of driving, and also to arrange transportation inspector, rural sanitation commanding vehicle safe driving. department, 4. Prior to construction, it should publish in the mass Health Bureau media, the information related to the construction, and for the road section may form a plug, notice in advance the people, and give relevant solutions (such as limited release, etc.). 5. The construction side should set up "roadworks ahead, vehicles slow", "construction ahead, detour" and other
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similar road construction warning signs to alert vehicles in attention, which is convenient for residents to travel. 6. To facilitate passing vehicles at night and reduce the probability of an accident, it should be set in the road construction warning lights to guide traffic. Landscape impacts: 1. After the completion of the main works, it should be completed as soon as possible the clearing, greening, road restoration and other ancillary works, so as to keep harmonization with the environment. Land occupation influence. Heritage Impact: According to the site visit of the project line and around, the project around has not heritage conservation units or heritage point distribution. But taking into account that the construction process may find new heritage resources, the construction unit in the construction process once discovering new artifacts, it should immediately stop construction for a good protection, and actively cooperate with the local cultural relics departments for digging and finishing work.
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Table 8.2-2 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Road Subproject The main Investment Phase negative Environmental measures amount Executor Supervisor impact (10,000 Yuan) 1. Line selection should minimize the occupation of land, and mostly occupy the original land; the project will try to avoid the occupation of farmland, fertile soil, forest and nature reserves, scenic spots, forest parks, drinking water source protection areas, cultural Poverty Planning relics protection units, historical or cultural sites, alleviation and villages, schools and other sensitive areas. Maximize The project centers of Constructio the use of existing land, such as the road hardening covering Province, n Bureau, construction of this project works on the original road, types, cities and Land no new area. Water Included in the counties Bureau, 2. Line selection should take advantage of the local Design involving design fee, no project Forestry terrain topography, to avoid adverse geology and high phase operations, separate implementat Bureau digging deep filling lots, and choose the appropriate Impact on estimate ion Water technical standards to ensure linear equalization; from sensitive Township Affairs traffic safety, smooth and construction, economic and points around and project Bureau, easy maintenance, to make the route a combination of the project villages, Roads and flat, vertical and horizontal three faces, it strives for Design Traffic the flat section short and smooth, vertical section Units Authority gentle and even, cross section stable and economical; 3. To note that comprehensive management of mountain, water, land, forest and road, so that occupying less farming lands. 4. Line selection should be combined with rural
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planning, to avoid demolition, and to reduce project costs and unstable social factors.
Construction Environmenta Implementation refers to Table 8.2-1 of the relevant / / / Phase l Impact environmental protection measures. County Environmen tal Protection Bureau, 1. Strengthening the ditch and embankment slope Integrated maintenance and management, protecting the road Managemen management Surface water drainage system fluent; 7 (Drainage t of rural pollution 2. Arranging specialized person to clean roads, design is departments sanitation caused by maintaining roads tidy; included in the of county, Operational department, runoff 3. Planning rationally the drainage direction of runoff, project cost) township phase Water and prohibiting discharging directly into the ponds, roads Affairs aquaculture and other sensitive water bodies. Bureau, Department of Transportati on 1. Arranging specialized person to clean roads, Managemen County Motorcycle maintaining roads tidy, and reducing road dust; 5 t Environmen exhaust 2. To enhance the green of both the road sides, department tal
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enhance exhaust gas absorption, and reduce dust and of county Protection exhaust from spreading. and Bureau, township Integrated roads management of rural sanitation department, Department of Transportati on 1. For the sound sensitive sections, it is necessary to set up warning signs of No Honking, set the County deceleration lane and green belts, etc., to reduce the Environmen effects of noise; tal 2. For the sensitive points whose prediction results of Protection sound noise exceeding the standards, due to the impact Bureau, County and of proposed road traffic noise during medium-term Integrated township Traffic noise operations, we planned to carry out measures of management 12 roads pollution building sound barriers, installing ventilation but of rural managemen soundproof windows or environmental demolition to sanitation t decrease noise; for the long-term operations sensitive department, points, we will take regular tracking and monitoring Department measures, and take appropriate steps to reply the of monitoring results. This road project is located in the Transportati rural areas, and the residents are relatively dispersed, on so considering environmental and economic aspects,
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we advise to install soundproof windows for these sensitive points. 3. When making the rural planning, land on both sides of the road should be properly considered, and within the scope of excessive noise, it is forbidden to build concentrated residential areas, schools, hospitals and other sound-sensitive buildings, if these buildings without nnoise reduction measures taken. 1. To strictly follow the provisions of the transport of dangerous goods, whose transportation vehicles must be clearly marked during transport, in order to attract County enough attention to other vehicles. Once an accident Environmen occurs, it should be promptly noticed to the police, and tal timely to the related road administration, fire fighting Environmenta Protection department, and environmental protection department l impacts Bureau, to take emergency measures. County and caused by Integrated 2. Enhancing the driver safety education and township traffic management professional ethics education to reduce man-made 10 roads accidents and of rural traffic accidents. After Leakage accident occurred, it managemen other sanitation should be taken timely and effectively pollution t environmental department, control measures, prohibit chemicals into the water to risks Department ensure water is not contaminated. of 3. In the sections with many sharp corners, it is Transportati necessary to set up relevant traffic signs to alert the on drivers in sharp bends and other special sections slow down; 4. Strictly implementing the People's Republic of
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China on Road Traffic Safety Law for road transportation making actual emergency management plan for risk accidents. Plan includes the responsibilities and tasks of directing agency; choices of emergency techniques and processing steps; equipment, equipment configuration and layout; human and material resources to ensure and deployment; dynamic monitoring system for accidents and so on.
Table 8.2-3 Environmental Mitigation Measures of the Water Conservancy Subproject Major Investment Main Phase negative Environmental measures (10,000 Executor Supervisor activities impacts Yuan) Cisterns and aqueducts cover small floor County-level Poverty Relief area, however, there are a larger number Housing Office at of aqueducts, which are the landscape Construction province-, city- Location node of this region and have greater Bureau, Land and and overall impact. It is required that an overall Bureau, Design Impact on Design fee county-level, design of landscape design be made during the Forestry phase landscape included project cisterns and construction of cisterns and aqueducts by Bureau, Water implementation aqueducts taking into account the factors of Affairs towns and environmental protection, greening and Bureau and villages, design landscape, so that the cisterns will be in Environmental unit hamonious with the surrounding buildings Protection
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and green belt, making the rural Agency environment more attractive and laying a foundation for later forming a scale agricultural industrial park to promote tourism development. 1. To carry out geological and Landslide geomorphological exploration and choose or soil appropriate construction technology; erosion 2. To occupy no or less farmland or forestry land. Foundation excavation Construction and General Refer to the measures listed in Table 9.2-1 / / / phase construction, impact overall construction The risk of being To heighten the cisterns and mount the Poverty Relief County-level Human drowned top wall with glass fragments to prevent Office at government, activities when human or livestock from going inside; to province-, city- Environmental and swimming build step ladder to facilitate the and Protection Operation livestock or maintenance and management personnel 10 county-level, Agency and phase and poultry drinking up and down as well as accident rescue; to project Township drinking water in strengthen management and advocacy, set implementation Environment water safety the up warning signs to prevent the towns and Management cisterns occurrence of accidents. villages Departments
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Table 8.2-4 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Non-linear Project Major Investment Phases negative Environmental measures (10,000 Executor Supervisor impacts Yuan) Poverty Relief 1.To well design the land use planning of market Included in Office at province-, Planning and surroundings, sensitive targets such as residential design fee, city- and Construction Noise\ areas and schools are not suitable for the location. and free county-level, Bureau, Land gas 2. As far as possible location for the draining water from project Bureau, pipe network in the existing municipal, orplan to separate implementation Forestry build. accounting towns and villages, Bureau design unit 1.Rural Tourism: Catering wastewater through the sewage treatment facilities in rural areas across the pool after pretreatment with sewage together into Design the village of. It is advised to adopt the artificial phase The Poverty Relief wetland processing technology in rural sewage sewage Office at province-, treatment facilities. The water discharged of artificial treatment city- and wetland processing technology shall meet the third Environmental market / county-level, level standard of Discharge standard of pollutants for / Protection factory / project municipal wastewater treatment plant Agency housing implementation (GB18918-2002). and rural towns and villages, 2.farmers market: market position is uncertain, and tourism design unit the periphery does not have matched utilities and auxiliary facilities, the EIA recommendations each region according to the construction of the market scale, rational distribution of sewage treatment
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facilities. Market smaller and less waste water discharge, the surrounding farmland, woodlandhas more by septic tank used for farmland irrigation and fertilization, for wastewater irrigation should meet the"standards for irrigation water quality" (GB5084-2005) requirements; market scale is larger and sewage emissionsmore, don't be surrounding the project farmland irrigation projects, relevant departments in the district should dispose the corresponding sewage treatment station, to the life, production sewage treatment discharge standards. 3.pens: dry manure barns in process design, reducing flushing water, excrement and urine separation of wet and dry,easy to pollution control. Urine and waste water flushing breeding houses should flow into the biogas digester together for anaerobic digestion treatment, after which the waste water can be used for fertilization of farmland. 4. processing factories: cleaning wastewater composition than the simple sedimentation tank after treatment discharge standards; the life sewage is septic tank used for farmland irrigation and fertilization, for wastewater irrigation should meet the "standards for irrigation water quality" (GB5084-2005) requirements.
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Construction Refer to the measures listed in Table 8.2-1. / / / phase 1. Commercial Noise: To locate the stores reasonably and keep sufficient distance from the residence in the design, take measures to strengthen its internal sound insulation, reduce County-level the noise with surrounding green belts; to Environmental formulate a strict management system to prevent Poverty Relief Protection commercial noise nuisance, such as ban of Office at province-, Agency, tweeter selling; city- and Township Operational 2. Vehicle Noise: No honking for vehicles 5 county-level, Environment noise driving into or out of the parking lot, and to project Management minimize the frequent starting and idling as implementation Department, much as possible. towns and villages Trade and Operation 3. Equipment Noise: To use low-noise Industry phase equipment, install mufflers, enclosures, Bureau sound-proof shed or shock absorbers on high-noise ones to reduce the noise generation and control noise pollution. After being treated in septic tanks of 3 level, Poverty Relief County-level domestic sewage from trading markets, Office at province-, Environmental
processing plants and rural tourism will be used city- and Protection Impact of as farmyard manure instead of being discharged; county-level, Agency, sewage on 150 Dining oily wastewater after grease separation project Township surface water will be processed together with domestic sewage implementation Environment
in the septic tanks. Cleaning wastewater from towns and villages, Management processing plants will be disposed by farmers Department
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precipitating in sedimentation tank before being discharge. Automobile exhaust: To reduce automobile exhaust generation by County-level enhancing traffic management and avoiding idle Environmental driving. Protection Dining exhaust fume: Impact of Agency, To set aside a concentrated flue in the dining exhaust gas Project Township building, all the exhaust fumes after being cooled on implementation Environment and de-greased to standard with efficient fume 12 surrounding towns and villages, Management purification device before emission at the roof environment farmers Department, peak; the distance between dining area and fume Health exhaust outlet and sensitive buildings around Bureau, Trade shall meet relevant provisions in “Environment and Industry Protection Technical Specifications for Catering Bureau Industries” (HJ554-2010).
Garbage: County-level 1. Garbage will be collected in bags and Environmental transported to garbage collection pools for Protection Impact of centralized collection, which are then sent to Project Agency, solid wastes township solid waste landfill for disposal; implementation Township on 10 2. Garbage collection pools are airtight and there towns and villages, Environment surrounding are designated staff responsible for cleaning and farmers Management environment spraying disinfectant, transporting them to the Department, municipal garbage collection stations for the Health purpose of reducing stench generation and Bureau,
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escape; Sanitation, 3. Office waste such as toner cartridges and used Sector, Trade batteries should be collected separately instead of and Industry being mixed with household garbage in order to Bureau avoid heavy metal contamination to soil and groundwater;
Table 8.2-5 Environmental Mitigation Measures of livestock and poultry breeding projects Major Investment Phases negative Mitigation/prevention measures (10,000 Executor Supervisor impacts Yuan) 1. No construction in protection areas for drinking water Poverty Relief Planning and source , scenic spots as well as core area and buffer zone Office at Construction Housing Impact on of nature reserves; province-, city- Bureau, location atmosphere 2. 2. No construction in urban residential areas, including and Animal and and surface cultural, educational and research zones, medical, Included in county-level, Husbandry design water commercial and industrial zones, sightseeing districts and design fee project Bureau, Land phase other densely inhabited areas; implementation Bureau, 3. 3. The location of livestock and poultry breeding towns and Forestry pollution control project (septic tanks and manure villages Bureau disposal site) should keep a certain sanitary protection
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distance from the production area and residential buildings, and it should set in the downwind or side wind area of the dominant wind direction. 4. Liquid and solid waste storage facilities should be separately installed in the breeding areas, and the manure storage facilities must be located 400 m above surface waters. 5. To design housing pens according to dry collection and reduce flushing water, separation of feces and urine to facilitate pollution control. 6. Manure disposal facilities must be installed, and it is suggested to choose dry and dilute separation Biological anaerobic method processes for both small raising households and scaled breeding. County-level 1. Wastewater after anaerobic treatment can be sent via Poverty Relief Environmental pipeline or hand haulage to field for irrigation. EIA Office at Protection proposes to build livestock waste storage tanks in the province-, city- Agency, Impact on field to facilitate irrigation; and Township Operation water 2. Flood irrigation is prohibited when using animal urine 15 county-level, Environment phase environment pretreatment for farmland fertilization, while drip or project Management spray irrigation is preferred to avoid soil pollution on soil implementation Department, and surface water and the same plot should avoid too towns and Animal frequent watering. villages Husbandry Bureau
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1. Drip irrigation or artificial irrigation mode is preferred when using the wastewater for irrigation, and avoid excessive irrigation to per unit of land; 2. To reasonably lay rain sewage pipes or ditches. Corrosion-resistant PVC pipes should be used for wastewater collection , and each pipe’s interface is well sealed so that the rain water inside and outside the pens can get timely released; 3. The pool and trench bottom of each housing, County-level temporary stockpiling area and methane tank shall be Poverty Relief Environmental constructed with reinforced concrete by strengthened Office at Protection seepage control measures. Meanwhile, the floor in the province-, city- Agency, production area should be checked whether there is any and Township Impact on rupture and the sewage pipeline is sealed or not on a 80 county-level, Environment groundwater regular basis to prevent water leakage. In anti-seepage project Management processing, refer to relevant specifications of concrete implementation Department, construction, ensuring that the concrete compressive towns and Animal strength, impermeability and frost resistance meet the villages Husbandry design requirements; vertical walls, smooth surface, wet Bureau concrete joints of adjacent parts should be tight. The thickness of protective layer meets specifications: before pouring the concrete wall, concrete construction joints should be carefully chiseled, cleaned and rinsed. Compacting concrete converge to prevent leak; 5. Dry removal process should be adopted to clear livestock manure. For temporary accumulation station, a specialized building equipped with cleaning and
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disinfecting devices should be built, with a rinse water discharge pipe being added and connected to the overall sewer network to eliminate all kinds of solid waste infiltration. County-level Poverty Relief Environmental 1. The breeding area should be reasonably located to keep Office at Protection a distance from the residential areas and control noise province-, city- Agency, nuisance; and Township 2. Livestock feeding should be rationally planned to Noise 10 county-level, Environment avoid large-scale noise produced by starving livestock; project Management 3. Necessary insulation measures should be taken inside implementation Department, captive rooms, for example, to install sound-proof towns and Animal windows and doors. villages Husbandry Bureau 1. To enhance greening. To plant shrubs or pines on both County-level sides of farm roads and for the border areas, tall trees Poverty Relief Environmental such as Alamos and eucalyptus are preferred to form a Office at Protection multilayer shelterbelt to reduce the impact of odor province-, city- Agency, pollution. and Township Impact of 2. To strengthen odor pollution management. To 20 county-level, Environment odor promptly clean up animal waste and regularly clean the project Management pens. To strengthen housing hygiene management and implementation Department, ventilation measures for. For manure storage and septic towns and Animal tanks, to enhance process control and removal villages Husbandry management to reduce long stockpiling. Seal the cover Bureau and take negative pressure deodorizing isolation measures
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to mitigate the effects of odor on the regional environment. 3. To use deodorant. To adopt compound feed mixing straw with effective microorganisms microbial inoculant, which is composed of 10 species such as the photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, lactic acid and 80 kinds of microorganisms. To feed livestock with it, they can produce less nitrogen and manure, thus reducing the pollutant emissions and malodorous gases. 1. A special temporary stacking area with canopy should be set up and seepage control measures should be taken. In summer, disinfectant should be regularly sprayed to County-level stacked spaces. The volume design of manure heap Poverty Relief Environmental should refer to the “Detailed Regulation for Total Office at Protection Emission Reduction of Main Pollutants in the 12th province-, city- Agency, Impact of Five-year Plan” formulated by China Environmental and Township livestock Protection Department. 15 county-level, Environment manure on 2. In transporting the livestock manure, leakproof liner project Management environment should be installed at the bottom of the vehicles in case implementation Department, that the percolate causes secondary pollution. A tarpaulin towns and Animal covered on the top can avoid the impact on the rural villages Husbandry landscape as well as spills. A reasonable choice of Bureau transport routes and times can minimize the impact on the environment and residents along the line. Impact of 1. The farmers must check the livestock every day and in Poverty Relief County-level dead case of discovery of dead ones, they must promptly report 25 Office at Environmental livestock on to veterinarians; sick animals with therapeutic value must province-, city- Protection
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surroundings be treated under veterinary guidance. and Agency, 2. No dead livestock can be sold, eaten or thrown away county-level, Township randomly. project Environment 3. Dead livestock and their excreta must be wrapped in implementation Management feed bags with lining for inspection, and the pens where towns and Department, they live must be disinfected with disinfectant spray. villages Animal 4. Common dead livestock must be sent to veterinary Husbandry chamber for inspection, autopsy and examination by the Bureau on-site veterinarian. In case of suspicious cases of highly infectious diseases, they must be promptly reported to the staff in charge as well as local veterinary inspection department for diagnosis. 5. Local veterinary authorities will help farmer dispose of dead livestock; For suspected cases of highly infectious diseases or of zoonotic diseases, anatomy is prohibited and the dead livestock must be buried deep. 6. The dead livestock must be registered for record, and the necropsy ones must be recorded with the autopsy and laboratory tests. 7. As the project is located in the rural area and many are scattered breeding plants without adequate burning facilities, so the dead livestock should be disposed of in secure landfill way. More than 2 landfill wells are required for this project, and each time the dead body is put into, a layer of slaked lime more than 10 cm thick should be covered and once the well is filled, it must be sealed and compacted with clay.
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Routine precautions 1. The breeding areas should be separated from the living areas. Pens should be disinfected, and efficient drugs with small irritant are preferred. Floors can be disinfected with 2% sodium hydroxide or 0.5 % peracetic acid solution; 2. A strict control of non-production personnel entering the production area. Those who have to go into must wear overalls and hats and go into the sterilization chamber for County-level disinfection. Environmental 3. At least one physical examination should be performed Poverty Relief Protection to the raising personnel every year. Anyone with Office at Agency, Impact of infectious diseases to human or cattle should be promptly province-, city- Township infectious removed to prevent infection. and Environment diseases on 4. To keep the pens clean, smooth, dry and free of 30 county-level, Management people’s contaminants (such as brick stone, slag, waste plastic project Department, health bags, etc.). implementation Animal 5. Brucellosis is quarantined regularly to ensure the towns and Husbandry health of the flock. 2% of the flock can be randomly villages Bureau, selected to use bicolor antigen condensation reaction for Health Bureau brucellosis surveillance each year. To carry out a planned and organized goat immunization for prevention and control of communicable diseases. 6. Desinsectization and insecticide is carried out regularly in the form of spray, oral medication or injection. Emergency control measures in case of outbreaks: 1. An epidemic prevention team should be formed immediately to make a definite diagnosis as soon as
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possible and report to the competent authorities over the outbreak. 2. To isolate the sick animals promptly, infectious disease with heavier hazards should be promptly blocked and strictly limit the personnel and vehicles in and out of the blocked zone while strictly disinfect the polluted environmental. The blockade can be removed only when there are no new cases within 2 incubation periods after the last infected one is recovered or slaughtered and an approval is issued by the higher authorities after the infectious zone being fully sterilized. 3. Reasonable control measures should be taken for the infected livestock and livestock under blockade, including emergency vaccination, antibiotic therapy, specific hyperimmune serum therapy, chemotherapy as well as auxiliary therapies to enhance physical and physiological function. 4. Dead animal Carcasses should be disposed of in strict accordance with the Prevention of Disease Ordinance. 5. In case of major epidemic, the provisions in Emergency Regulations for Major Animal Disease and Technical Specifications for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza must be strictly enforced. 1. Railings, buffer zones and other obstacles are used to Poverty Relief County-level Impact on prevent the animals from getting close to the surface Office at Environmental ecological 5 water body. Grazing is limited and captivity is preferred, province-, city- Protection environment and artificial forage can meet the basic needs at present; and Agency,
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2. Before reforming the land into plantation, county-level, Township investigations should be carried out for he project area in project Environment order to identify, distinguish and describe the types of implementation Management natural ecological habitat and transformed ones, and to towns and Department, determine its value in terms of biodiversity to the region villages Animal or the whole country; Husbandry 3. To ensure that the natural habitat or transformed ones Bureau planned to transform to planation does not contain critical habitat, including the habitat for the known critically endangered species , or important wildlife calving, feeding and staging areas; 4. In case that there is critically endangered species in the area used for livestock breeding, it should be taken into account in the management process and minimize the disturbance to surrounding areas. 5. Crop straw can be used for feeding flocks and herds while livestock excrement can be used as organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility and form a virtuous ecological cycle helpful to the development of agricultural production;
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Table 8.2-6 Environmental mitigation measures of agricultural product primary processing projects Cost Imple Impcts Mitigation measures estimate menta Supervisor (10,000) or Environmenta Impact on The cleaning wastewater composition is treated in sedimentation tank up to Proces l Protection water standard before discharge and domestic sewage is used as field manure after septic 10 sing Agency at environment tank treatment. plant county-level
1. SO2 generated from the drying process will be absorbed in the gas hood and then be discharged through 15m high exhaust device on the roof after desulfurization and dedusting with alkaline water film up to standard; Environmenta Impact on Proces 2. The tea powder dust generated in production will be collected by the compact l Protection atmospheric 20 sing collecting unit, with smaller impact on the external environment. Agency at environment plant 3. In order to protect the environment, refrigerant that has been banned or does county greater harm to the ozone layer (e.g. R-12) is prohibited to be used in the storeroom, while R-134a and liquid ammonia are recommended. 1. To strengthen greening in plant area. Tall trees should be planted to beautify the environment and reduce noise; Comp Environmenta 2. All types of machinery and equipment should be placed indoors. It is required to any / Impact of l Protection choose low-noise equipment and fix vibration-proof foundation at the bottom. 15 Proces noise Agency at Soundproof windows and doors should be installed to the workshop, with which sing county the noise will decay naturally; plant 3. Refrigerators and generators should be set up in separate rooms; Waste packaging materials: Comp Environmenta Impact of To be recycled by the acquisition unit after separate collection; any / l Protection 20 solid waste Defective products are mainly spoiled gastrodia elata or deteriorated raw Proces Agency at materials generated during processing, which can be collected in the factory sing county
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district and then treated regularly by the local sanitation system. plant Domestic Garbage: A unified treatment for the collected domestic garbage will be carried out in the municipal waste disposal sites;
Table 8.2-7 Environmental Mitigation Measures of Planting Project Main Investment Phase negative Mitigation/ prevention and control measures (10,000 Executor Supervisor effects Yuan) 1.Chili Plantation : planting generally choose planted Planning and Solanaceae crops in the absence of hillside, in order Construction to avoid theloss of soil and water, the slope of 25 Bureau, Provinces, degrees above the regional banned cultivation, at the Agriculture cities and same time of plantingarea should avoid large and Animal county Improper land area land reclamation work, only a Husbandry centers for consolidation simple flat to land, reduce soil erosion and ecological Bureau, poverty Land and seedling estruction and construction the. Environmental 35 alleviation, selection planting may 2.Rhizoma Gastrodiae Plantation: Select the gradient Protection project result in water is less than 25 degree slopes, alpine area selected Lee Bureau of the implementati and soil loss. sunny culture, low-lying, climate warm place county, on towns and selected cool area, middle-mountain area selected environment project cool wilderness or forest culture. comprehensiv villages 3.Dendrobium Plantation :Select the 230-800m e management above sea level, the relative concentration of rock, department of stone pine blister rough moisture absorption, there towns and
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are stone or moss, a broadleaf forest, shading rate of villages, 60%-70%, a near water, local water pure. geological 4.Tea Plantation: Tea planting should be built on disaster the slope of 25 degrees below the hills, plots management of no water department accumulation,concentrated, gentle regular ideal, stee p slope should not be reclaimed, avoid water and soil erosion; in the teagarden cultivation process should be reclaimed along the contour line, not along the slope into the long planting. 5. Vegetable: it was necessary to choose places which were exposed to the sun where no high trees or buildings for shade and the sunlight there was sufficient; it was necessary to choose flat plots; it was required of appropriate soil fertility, sufficient water and nutrition supply, deep and thick soil layer, proper tightness of farming layer, moderate texture in sand clay, soil in proper pH, appropriate level of underground water and without heavy metal and other toxic substance pollution; meanwhile, it was necessary to choose plots close to water source and sound in irrigation and drainage.
Pollution 1. Film removing at proper time: film removing after Provinces, Environmental Culture of caused by harvest is changed to film removing before harvest. cities and Protection 6 seedlings agricultural For the specific time of film removing, it is best to be county Bureau of the plastic at the original sunshine period after rain or in the centers for county,
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early morning when the soil is moisture, for proper poverty environment time of film removing can reduce the agricultural alleviation, comprehensiv film remained in the soil; project e management 2. Adopt measures combining artificial and implementati department of mechanical recovery, strengthening the recycling on towns and towns and degree of residual ground film and plastic bottles: in project villages, addition to adopting measures of film removing villages Agriculture before the first water, you can also organize labors to and Animal recycle residual ground film manually or with rabble. Husbandry Good effects can also be gained through recycling Bureau with a plastic recycling machine when digging, land clearing, or before seeding and after harvest; 3. Optimize cropping system: Strengthen crop rotation systems to reduce coverage fraction of the average film per unit area and then reduce the pollution hazard of residual film. 1. In the process of planting, enlarge the research and Provinces, Environmental reasonable application of water-saving irrigation cities and Protection technology, vigorously promoting the county Bureau of the Impact of micro-irrigation technique of water economy and centers for county, irrigation on reduce irrigation water consumption by vigorously poverty environment Field water promoting the micro-irrigation technique of water 20 alleviation, comprehensiv management environmenta economy; project e management l impact. 2. Make rational development and level optimization implementati department of of water resource in irrigation districts to increase the on towns and towns and utilization ratio of water resources and keep balance project villages, of water resources in irrigation area; villages Agriculture
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3. Formulate scientific water system and make good and Animal plan of water usage and distribution according to Husbandry crop growth and rules, crop water requirement, soil Bureau water content, and the space-time distribution of precipitation. With the standard that irrigation will not produce water-back, water distribution accuracy should be above 95% to prevent overexploitation of groundwater due to excessive irrigation and pollution of groundwater due to deep leakage; 4. Establish a strict system of facilities management and maintenance and regularly check the running condition of facilities to ensure that all kinds of water-saving facilities are in good operation; 5. Make rational dense planting and increase land coverage to reduce exposed area and time of soil, restrain the increase of soil moisture, and, control soil secondary salinization and increase soil desalting effect. 1．Try as far as possible to use organic manure Provinces, Environmental instead of fertilizer; cities and Protection 2. Organic fertilizer is used as basic fertilizer to county Bureau of the Pollution reduce the loss of the fertilizer, which can effectively centers for county, from fertilizer improve soil, enrich the soil fertility, improve the 15 poverty environment use quality of the crops, and realize crop safety and alleviation, comprehensiv sustainable development strategy of agriculture. project e management Chemical fertilizers are used combining with implementati department of farmyard manure, which can improve crop nutrition on towns and towns and
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and soil fertility, decrease the cost of fertilization, project villages, improve the efficiency of fertilizer, improve crop villages Agriculture yield and quality, and reduce the pollution of the and Animal environment; Husbandry 3. “Fertigation” possibly adopted in horticultural Bureau production means that a small amount of fertilizer is added to water for irrigation. This method requires detailed management and is usually used in greenhouse production, using appropriate technology and equipment to spray fertilizer; 4. Carry out intercropping, interplanting and crop rotation for agricultural crops, wood fruit trees and leguminous crops (green manure crops) to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers; 5. According to the conditions of crop and soil, make nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer used in proportion and pay attention to the reasonable use of microelement fertilizer at the same time to balance the supply of nutrients and give full play to the mutual promotion between the fertilizer; 6. Before fertilizing, factors like the fertilizer’s nutrient content, solubility, acid-base property, side effects, and fertilizer interaction after being mixed should be synthetically considered so as to give full play to the economic benefits of fertilizers; 7. Before fertilizing, the properties of the soil e.g.，
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soil organic matter and soil nutrient status, soil texture, PH value of the soil, and maturity degree of soil should be tested so as to choose the appropriate kind of fertilizer and determine reasonable fertilization methods; 8. Improve the fertilization technology, and raise the utilization rate of fertilizer. First, follow the principle of “firming nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and increasing potassium”, and the second is to improve the fertilizing method, focusing on promoting concentrated fertilization technology such as the technique of deep application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer on seedling root, and fertilization technology for soil, crops and fertilizer, vigorously promoting scientific and rational fertilization technology e.g.， balanced application of fertilizers based on soil and nutrition diagnosis of fertilization etc. 1. Crop rotation can reduce the risk of diseases and Provinces, Environmental pests and weeds existed in soil eco-system, and cities and Protection control weeds by using mechanical or thermal weed county Bureau (EPB) Pollution control methods; centers for of the county, from pesticide 2. Choosing the seeds, and seedlings which have 15 poverty environment use resistance to disease and pest and when introduction, alleviation, comprehensiv conduct quarantine of seeds and seedlings to prevent project e management the spread of diseases and pests and weeds, implementati department of improving the ability of plant disease resistance by on towns and towns and
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cultivation measures. In case of pests and diseases, project villages, try to use physical methods (pulling strain, villages Agriculture population capture, light trap etc.) as far as possible and Animal to achieve the goal of minimum pesticide usage or Husbandry without the use of pesticides; Bureau 3. Support the use of biological methods to control insect pests, e.g., using insects, birds, mites and microbial agents of beneficial organisms; 4. Use animal grazing to remove weeds control and vegetation coverage, and use mechanical methods such as trap, barriers, lighting and noise to eliminate, evacuate and drive out the pests; 5. Reduce the use of chemical pesticides, advocate biological control, agricultural control and comprehensive control, and it is recommended to use low toxicity pesticide, controlling the use of poisonous pesticide, banning the use of high toxic pesticides and pesticides listed in Pesticides List Banned and Restricted by the Country; 6. Strengthen the monitoring of plant diseases and pests, provide scientific basis for orchard pest management, and promote the green prevention and control of diseases and pests and reduce the residual pesticide reduction through technical training and equipment configuration; 7. The pesticides should be stored in the original packaging, and put in a place that is specialized, dry
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cool, well ventilated and without frost, and which should be locked with an obvious mark, and only 3 authorized personnel are allowed to enter. It should be ensured that human or animal food will not be stored in the same place. This storage area should be designed with leakage control measures, and the potential contamination to soil and water resources should be considered; 8. It should be ensured that the protective clothing worn in the application of pesticides is washed or handled in other ways friendly to the environment. In the use and storage of pesticides, use groundwater recharge to prevent counter current, insisting on recording the pesticide use and its utility. County EPB, Provinces, 1. After the crop straw is collected, according to environment cities and principle of ensiling, comprehensive and supporting comprehensiv county technologies shall be adopted for developing and e management centers for utilizing crop straw to feed livestock, and for department of poverty Impact of transforming straw biomass resources such as towns and Harvest 4 alleviation, crop straw potatoes into silage to feed the livestock. The crop villages, project straw should not be burned in open air; Agriculture implementati 2. Improve the technical guidance and support for and Animal on towns and straw recycling. Husbandry project Bureau villages
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8.3 Environment Monitoring Program
Due to the large scale, extensive and complicated area and variety of the poverty alleviation project, the implementation of the project has long-term, potential and uncertain influence on the environmental factors e.g. surface water, vegetation, soil, land usage, energy supply, and social economy. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor in the design, construction and operation period of the project so as to appraise the real influence of project implementation on the environment, grasp the dynamics of adverse effects and the degree of influence, and provide basis for each phase of the environmental supervision, countermeasure research and environmental management.
The environmental monitoring station of the city and county or provincial agricultural environmental protection monitoring station at the location of the project county, unit responsible for the project and entrusted unit shall undertake the task of monitoring. Monitoring and analyzing methods should adopt Environmental Monitoring Technical Specifications issued by The State Environmental Protection Administration and monitoring analysis method of the corresponding projects in classification of monitoring technique, conducting the national method confirmed by EIA.
The environmental impact during the construction includes noise, dust, waste and water pollution. During the project construction period, livelihood wastewater is used for fertilizer on farmland after handled with the septic tank of surrounding houses, while the production wastewater is recycled after precipitation and oil separation; Because the influence during the construction period is short, and environmental pollution problems can be avoided after strengthening construction management, the pollution factors involved e.g. TSP (Total Suspended Particulates), SS (Suspended Solids), petroleum and noise etc. Which all adopt visual or sensual inspection. The environmental supervision and monitoring work during construction period is carried out by environmental supervision department according to he environmental impact and mitigation measures.
Therefore, the monitoring key of the project is in the operation period. The projects are mainly related to agriculture planting projects, agricultural products processing projects and breeding projects. The environment monitoring scope of the project covers all the
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villages and towns involved in the five towns of the project area. specific environmental monitoring plan (indicators, cycle, monitoring frequency, monitoring methods, monitoring unit) refer to Table 8.3-1.
Project department should also arrange personnel who have received environmental monitoring training for the random environmental monitoring in order to find problems and solve them in time. Contents of daily monitoring include: make noise monitoring with portable noise instrument at the site of the project and around sensitive spots; Through visual observation, make inspection of the adverse environmental impact generated by the project, e.g. a wide range of soil and water loss etc.
The county project department is responsible for the daily supervision and inspection of the implementation of environmental measures, the formation and developing conditions of training, and the environmental monitoring data and conclusions etc., regularly reporting to the provincial project department after summarizing; Provincial project department prepares the execution progress report of general environmental management plan, regularly reporting to the central office and finally reporting to the World Bank.
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Table 8.3-1 Environmental Monitoring Plan of Guizhou Subitem Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring unit Responsible Monitoring index Monitoring points program frequency department City agricultural The first year, environment third and sixth Province, city A monitoring point is respectively set monitoring Soil erosion Soil erosion modulus, year after center for up at planting project distribution station, soil and monitoring runoff volume project poverty villages of Chishui, Dafang, Zhijin; water loss implementation, alleviation monitoring once a year station pH value, dissolved
oxygen, CODCr (chemical oxygen The first year, Water demand), BOD (five third and sixth A monitoring point is respectively set City agricultural Province, city environment 5 days' biochemical year after up at sewage outfall of the breeding environment center for monitoring oxygen project aquatics villages in Chishui and monitoring poverty project demand) ,NH -N implementation, Tongzi station alleviation 3 (ammonia nitrogen), once a year. total coliform bacteria, SS (suspended solids). Chromaticity, City and county The first year, Human and dissolved oxygen, A monitoring point is respectively set agricultural third and sixth Province, city animal COD (chemical up at the project implementation environment Cr year after center for drinking oxygen demand), counties of Xishui and Tongzi with monitoring project poverty water BOD (five days' new drinking water for people and station, city and 5 implementation, alleviation biochemical oxygen livestock county sanitation once a year demand), NH3-N epidemic
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(ammonia nitrogen), prevention total coliform bacteria, station. smell and taste, pH value, total hardness, nitrate, total number of bacteria. City agricultural environment Chromaticity, The first year, A monitoring point is respectively set monitoring turbidity, smell and third and sixth Province, city up at the upstream and downstream of station, city Underground taste, pH value, total year after center for underwater in breeding sites of sanitation water hardness, nitrate, total project poverty Chishui, Xishui, Tongzi epidemic number of bacteria, implementation, alleviation prevention total coliform group. once a year. station.
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8.4 Environmental Protection Training Plan
8.4.1 Environmental Protection Training Purpose
Training about environmental management knowledge and skills is carried out among the project management personnel at all levels and farmers within the scope of project implementation so as to reach the following aims:
(1) Make all levels of project management personnel fully understand and master the laws and regulations of the central and local governments, positive and negative environmental impact of project implementation, environmental management plans and measures and relative operation technology so that they can seriously and correctly perform in the project implementation.
(2) Through environmental protection training, farmers and construction personnel involved in the project can have a clear understanding of environmental protection laws, regulations, and environmental protection requirements related to the project construction, and their environmental consciousness can be largely improved, being able to distinguish between correct and incorrect environment behaviors and consciously abide by the environmental ethics.
According to the training object, environmental protection training is divided into three levels, which are project management personnel at all levels (including provincial, county, town project management personnel), technical staff level (including Construction technician, engineering supervisor, agricultural technicians), farmers and workers.
8.4.2 Environmental training programs
Environmental training will be focused on the beginning of the project, and generally will not be carried out separately or together with other activities, so as to ensure that all the participants can fully understand their responsibility in carrying out the activities related to the environment and better understand the cause of the execution of environment management monitoring plan, and the effect of the plan to the project and its long-term economic and health.
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Training that improves environmental awareness should include project management personnel of project department and farmers participated in the project to make them better understand the environmental impact assessment, environmental management monitoring program and how positive impact is generated during their implementation of project. Training programs are shown in Table 8.4-1.
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Table 8.4-1 Environmental Protection Personnel Training Plan Cost Object Training content Number (people) Time(day) (10,000 Yuan) The World Bank and the Chinese government’s understanding and application about environmental laws, regulations, standards and Personnel in specifications involved in the project. charge, Environmental management and environmental mitigation measures management include positive and negative influences of project implementation, personnel and environmental protection regulations, the organization, implementation technicians of 5 people / county, and supervision of environmental management. 5 4.0 city and county 25 in total The principles, plans and implementation of overall management plan poverty of plant diseases and insect pests, volume and methods of pesticides alleviation usage. office The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup
of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of monitoring frequency. Personnel in Environmental management and protection procedures include positive charge, and negative benefits of project implementation, environmental impacts management and environmental mitigation measures. personnel and Comprehensive management plan and implementation of plant diseases 2 people/village , technicians of and insect pests. 4 4.0 60 in total village poverty The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup alleviation of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of office monitoring frequency.
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Environmental management and protection procedures include positive and negative benefits of project implementation, environmental impacts Personnel in and environmental mitigation measures. charge, Comprehensive management and implementation of plant diseases and management insect pests. personnel and The environmental monitoring plan and implementation include setup technicians of of monitoring points, choice of monitoring factor, and determination of 2 people/village, 4 12.0 project monitoring frequency. 196 in total implementation Housing design and controlling plan for livestock and poultry breeding village poverty pollution. alleviation Well-bred breeding techniques, fertilizer management plan. office The preparation of environmental management work report, environmental supervision work report and environmental monitoring report etc. Contractors Mitigation measures during construction period, combining with job 2 and training on environmental protection and safety in environmental people/construction 2-3 days environmental management plan. phase members and team leader on 5 2 the Simple monitoring method and controlling measures e.g. noise during people/construction 2-3 days construction the construction noise (self-testing). phase site
Measures and requirements related to environmental management plan: 1-2 Supervision construction- related environmental protection regulations, construction people/construction 2-3 days
engineer planning and supervision rules. phase Ambient air monitoring and controlling technology, noise monitoring 2 2-3 days
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and control technology. people/construction phase The landlord unit/running All the contents above, run-time measures environmental management unit and their 50 people (original plan, as well as operation and maintenance of environmental protection 2-3 days 2 environmental estimate) facilities. management personnel. Self-employed Environment management plan and environmental protection measures 300 people 7 days 8 farmers. of retail planting and breeding. (original estimate) Total / / 35
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8.5 Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan
Starting from farmland ecosystem, integrated control of plant diseases and pests is prevention-oriented, takes various measures of agriculture, biology, chemistry and physics etc., and strategies and measures to prevent the harmful organisms e.g. disease, insect, grass and mouse etc. It is required to control the harmful biotic population under the economic injury level in a safe, effective and economic way to minimize the impact on the environment and maintain the virtuous circle and sustainable development of farmland ecosystem.
With prevention as the priority and agricultural and physical control as the basis, in the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, it is better to advocate the biological control, select the appropriate disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, and choose moths traps, solar insecticidal lamp, aphid yellow plate, lure prey on mite and biological pesticide etc. to do a good job of prevention and forecast.
The plant diseases and pests in the project management plan is shown in the attached file of separate edition of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Management Plan.
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9. Conclusions and suggestions
To sum up, the establishment of this project is in accordance with the national industrial policies, meeting the local urban planning, overall planning and other development plans via the environmental impact analysis for the pilot project of industrial poverty alleviation in the poverty areas of Guizhou province. It also conforms to the local environmental functional district planning. The impact on surrounding environment before and after the project implementation is controlled within the scope of sustainable development and it affects little on local environment. The implementation of project will propel the development of regional economy and social culture in the poverty areas, improve the living conditions of poor villages, and speed up the process of poverty alleviation and development as well as the paces of construction of new socialist countryside in Guizhou province. Therefore, regarding to the impacts of environmental protection, it is feasible that the pilot project of industrial poverty alleviation in the poverty areas of Guizhou province is carried out, suggested by the environmental impact assessment (EIA).
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