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AND BODY of CICADA": IMPRESSIONS of the LANTERN-FLY (HEMIPTERA: FULGORIDAE) in the VILLAGE of Penna BRANCA" BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL
Journal of Ethnobiology 23-46 SpringiSummer 2003 UHEAD OF SNAKE, WINGS OF BUTTERFL~ AND BODY OF CICADA": IMPRESSIONS OF THE LANTERN-FLY (HEMIPTERA: FULGORIDAE) IN THE VILLAGE OF PEnnA BRANCA" BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL ERALDO MEDEIROS COSTA-NElO" and JOSUE MARQUES PACHECO" a Departtll'rtl?nto de Cit?t1Cias BioMgicasr Unh:rersidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Km 3, BR 116, Campus Unirl£rsitario, eEP 44031-460, Ferra de Santana, Bahia, Brazil [email protected],br b DepartmHemo de Biowgifl Evolutim e Ecologia, Unit:rersidade Federal de Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, CEP 13565~905, Sao Silo Paulo, Brazil r:~mail: [email protected] To the memory of Darrell Addison Posey (1947-2001) ABSTRACT.-Four aspects of the ethnoentomology of the lantern-fly (Fulgora la temari" L., 1767) were studied in Pedra Branca, Brazil. A total of 45 men and 41 women were consulted through open-ended interviews and their actions were observed in order to document the wisdom, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to the lantern-fly. People/s perceptions of the ex.temal shape of the insect influence its ethnotaxonomy, and they may categorize it into five different ethnosemantic domains, VilJagers a.re familiar with the habitat and food habits of the lantern- fly; they it lives on the trunk of Simarouba sp. (Simaroubaceae} by feeding on sap with aid of its 'sting: The culturally constructed attil:tldes toward this insect are that it is a fearsome organism that should be extlimninated .vhenever it is found because it makes 'deadly attacks.' on plants and human beings. -
Young Naturalists Teachers Guides Are Provided Free of Charge to Classroom Teachers, Parents, and Students
MINNESOTA CONSERVATION VOLUNTEER Young Naturalists Prepared by “Buggy Sounds of Summer” Jack Judkins, Multidisciplinary Classroom Activities Department of Education, Teachers guide for the Young Naturalists article “Buggy Sounds of Summer,” by Larry Weber. Illustrations by Taina Litwak. Published in the July–August 2004 Conservation Bemidji State Volunteer, or visit www.dnr.state.mn.us/young_naturalists/buggysounds University Young Naturalists teachers guides are provided free of charge to classroom teachers, parents, and students. This guide contains a brief summary of the articles, suggested independent reading levels, word counts, materials list, estimates of preparation and instructional time, academic standards applications, preview strategies and study questions overview, adaptations for special needs students, assessment options, extension activities, Web resources (including related Conservation Volunteer articles), copy-ready study questions with answer key, and a copy-ready vocabulary sheet. There is also a practice quiz (with answer key) in Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments format. Materials may be reproduced and/or modified a to suit user needs. Users are encouraged to provide feedback through an online survey at www. dnr.state.mn.us/education/teachers/activities/ynstudyguides/survey.html. Note: this guide is intended for use with the PDF version of this article. Summary “Buggy Sounds of Summer” introduces readers to crickets, katydids, and cicadas, three insects that make sounds with specialized body parts. Through photos, -
Dragonflies and Damselflies in Your Garden
Natural England works for people, places and nature to conserve and enhance biodiversity, landscapes and wildlife in rural, urban, coastal and marine areas. Dragonflies and www.naturalengland.org.uk © Natural England 2007 damselflies in your garden ISBN 978-1-84754-015-7 Catalogue code NE21 Written by Caroline Daguet Designed by RR Donnelley Front cover photograph: A male southern hawker dragonfly. This species is the one most commonly seen in gardens. Steve Cham. www.naturalengland.org.uk Dragonflies and damselflies in your garden Dragonflies and damselflies are Modern dragonflies are tiny by amazing insects. They have a long comparison, but are still large and history and modern species are almost spectacular enough to capture the identical to ancestors that flew over attention of anyone walking along a prehistoric forests some 300 million river bank or enjoying a sunny years ago. Some of these ancient afternoon by the garden pond. dragonflies were giants, with This booklet will tell you about the wingspans of up to 70 cm. biology and life-cycles of dragonflies and damselflies, help you to identify some common species, and tell you how you can encourage these insects to visit your garden. Male common blue damselfly. Most damselflies hold their wings against their bodies when at rest. BDS Dragonflies and damselflies belong to Dragonflies the insect order known as Odonata, Dragonflies are usually larger than meaning ‘toothed jaws’. They are often damselflies. They are stronger fliers and referred to collectively as ‘dragonflies’, can often be found well away from but dragonflies and damselflies are two water. When at rest, they hold their distinct groups. -
Animal Bioacoustics
Sound Perspectives Technical Committee Report Animal Bioacoustics Members of the Animal Bioacoustics Technical Committee have diverse backgrounds and skills, which they apply to the study of sound in animals. Christine Erbe Animal bioacoustics is a field of research that encompasses sound production and Postal: reception by animals, animal communication, biosonar, active and passive acous- Centre for Marine Science tic technologies for population monitoring, acoustic ecology, and the effects of and Technology noise on animals. Animal bioacousticians come from very diverse backgrounds: Curtin University engineering, physics, geophysics, oceanography, biology, mathematics, psychol- Perth, Western Australia 6102 ogy, ecology, and computer science. Some of us work in industry (e.g., petroleum, Australia mining, energy, shipping, construction, environmental consulting, tourism), some work in government (e.g., Departments of Environment, Fisheries and Oceans, Email: Parks and Wildlife, Defense), and some are traditional academics. We all come [email protected] together to join in the study of sound in animals, a truly interdisciplinary field of research. Micheal L. Dent Why study animal bioacoustics? The motivation for many is conservation. Many animals are vocal, and, consequently, passive listening provides a noninvasive and Postal: efficient tool to monitor population abundance, distribution, and behavior. Listen- Department of Psychology ing not only to animals but also to the sounds of the physical environment and University at Buffalo man-made sounds, all of which make up a soundscape, allows us to monitor en- The State University of New York tire ecosystems, their health, and changes over time. Industrial development often Buffalo, New York 14260 follows the principles of sustainability, which includes environmental safety, and USA bioacoustics is a tool for environmental monitoring and management. -
“Can You Hear Me?” Investigating the Acoustic Communication Signals and Receptor Organs of Bark Beetles
“Can you hear me?” Investigating the acoustic communication signals and receptor organs of bark beetles by András Dobai A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2017 András Dobai Abstract Many bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species have been documented to produce acoustic signals, yet our knowledge of their acoustic ecology is limited. In this thesis, three aspects of bark beetle acoustic communication were examined: the distribution of sound production in the subfamily based on the most recent literature; the characteristics of signals and the possibility of context dependent signalling using a model species: Ips pini; and the acoustic reception of bark beetles through neurophysiological studies on Dendroctonus valens. It was found that currently there are 107 species known to stridulate using a wide diversity of mechanisms for stridulation. Ips pini was shown to exhibit variation in certain chirp characteristics, including the duration and amplitude modulation, between behavioural contexts. Neurophysiological recordings were conducted on several body regions, and vibratory responses were reported in the metathoracic leg and the antennae. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Jayne Yack for accepting me as Master’s student, guiding me through the past two years, and for showing endless support and giving constructive feedback on my work. I would like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Jeff Dawson and Dr. John Lewis for their professional help and advice on my thesis. I would like to thank Sen Sivalinghem and Dr. -
The Neuromuscular Mechanism of Stridulation in Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
J. Exp. Biol. (1966), 45, isi-164 151 With 8 text-figures Printed in Great Britain THE NEUROMUSCULAR MECHANISM OF STRIDULATION IN CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE) BY DAVID R. BENTLEY AND WOLFRAM KUTSCH Department of Zoology, University of Michigan, Aim Arbor, and Institute for Comparative Animal Physiology, University of Cologne {Received 21 February 1966) INTRODUCTION Study of the insect neuromuscular system appears very promising as a means of explaining behaviour in terms of cellular operation. The relatively small number of neurons, the ganglionic nature of the nervous system, the simplicity of the neuro- muscular arrangement, and the repetitiveness of behavioural sequences all lend them- selves to a solution of this problem. As a result, an increasing number of investigators have been turning their attention to insects and especially to the large orthopterans. Recently, Ewing & Hoyle (1965) and Huber (1965) reported on muscle activity underlying sound production in crickets. The acoustic behaviour is well understood (Alexander, 1961) and in the genera Gryllus, Acheta and Gryllodes communication is mediated by three basic songs composed of three types of pulses. While working independently on this system at the University of Cologne (W.K.) and the University of Michigan (D.B.) using various Gryllus species, we found a number of basic differences between the muscle activity in our crickets and that reported by Ewing & Hoyle (1965) for Acheta domesticus. These two genera, Gryllus and Acheta, are so nearly identical that they are distinguished solely by differences in the male genitalia (Chopard, 1961). The present paper constitutes a survey of muscle activity patterns producing stridulation in four species of field crickets. -
Odonata: Aeshnidae): a Study of Traits from Larval Development to Adults
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 116: 269–280, 2019 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2019.031 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Biometry of the large dragonfl y Anax imperator (Odonata: Aeshnidae): A study of traits from larval development to adults MARCEAU MINOT 1, MICKAËL LE GALL2 and AURÉLIE HUSTÉ 1 1 Université de Rouen - ECODIV, Bat Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, Mont-Saint-Aignan 76821, France; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 IRSTEA, UR RIVERLY, Centre de Lyon – Villeurbanne, 69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Odonata, Aeshnidae, Anax imperator, body length, body mass, larval rearing, sexual size dimorphism, traits Abstract. Insect larval development affects adult traits but the biometric relationships are usually poorly understood, including large odonates. In this study, measurements of morphological traits of larvae, exuviae and adults of Anax imperator were recorded. They were used to investigate the effects of early development on adult morphology. Results showed an increase in larval length during the fi nal instar and the length of its exuviae signifi cantly exceeded that of the larva. Length and body mass of teneral adults were strongly related to the length of their exuviae. Adult males were signifi cantly longer than adult females, while both had the same body mass at emergence. Length of teneral adults was negatively related to the date of emergence in both sexes. During maturation, body mass of males only increased slightly whereas that of females increased greatly. Mature specimens were also signifi cantly longer than teneral individuals. -
Chamber Music: an Unusual Helmholtz Resonator for Song Amplification in a Neotropical Bush-Cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Thorin Jonsson1,*, Benedict D
© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 2900-2907 doi:10.1242/jeb.160234 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chamber music: an unusual Helmholtz resonator for song amplification in a Neotropical bush-cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Thorin Jonsson1,*, Benedict D. Chivers1, Kate Robson Brown2, Fabio A. Sarria-S1, Matthew Walker1 and Fernando Montealegre-Z1,* ABSTRACT often a morphological challenge owing to the power and size of their Animals use sound for communication, with high-amplitude signals sound production mechanisms (Bennet-Clark, 1998; Prestwich, being selected for attracting mates or deterring rivals. High 1994). Many animals therefore produce sounds by coupling the amplitudes are attained by employing primary resonators in sound- initial sound-producing structures to mechanical resonators that producing structures to amplify the signal (e.g. avian syrinx). Some increase the amplitude of the generated sound at and around their species actively exploit acoustic properties of natural structures to resonant frequencies (Fletcher, 2007). This also serves to increase enhance signal transmission by using these as secondary resonators the sound radiating area, which increases impedance matching (e.g. tree-hole frogs). Male bush-crickets produce sound by tegminal between the structure and the surrounding medium (Bennet-Clark, stridulation and often use specialised wing areas as primary 2001). Common examples of these kinds of primary resonators are resonators. Interestingly, Acanthacara acuta, a Neotropical bush- the avian syrinx (Fletcher and Tarnopolsky, 1999) or the cicada cricket, exhibits an unusual pronotal inflation, forming a chamber tymbal (Bennet-Clark, 1999). In addition to primary resonators, covering the wings. It has been suggested that such pronotal some animals have developed morphological or behavioural chambers enhance amplitude and tuning of the signal by adaptations that act as secondary resonators, further amplifying constituting a (secondary) Helmholtz resonator. -
Pinyon Engraver Beetle Acoustics: Stridulation Apparatus, Sound Production and Behavioral Response to Vibroacoustic Treatments in Logs
insects Article Pinyon Engraver Beetle Acoustics: Stridulation Apparatus, Sound Production and Behavioral Response to Vibroacoustic Treatments in Logs Ivan Lukic 1 , Carol L. Bedoya 2, Evan M. Hofstetter 3 and Richard W. Hofstetter 1,* 1 School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; [email protected] 3 BASIS, High School, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and live trees from colonization by bark beetles and other wood-infesting insects. Bark beetles such as the pinyon engraver beetle Ips confusus use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates in trees. In this study, we describe the structures and airborne sounds produced by the pinyon engraver beetle, and test the efficacy of vibroacoustic treatments for tree protection against this beetle. Only female beetles possessed sound producing structures, located on the back of the head and inside the thorax. We analyzed and described the airborne sounds, called chirps, produced by females when held by tweezers or placed on their back. We tested a wide variety of vibroacoustic treatments Citation: Lukic, I.; Bedoya, C.L.; played into logs but these sound treatments did not prevent male entry into logs and did not disrupt Hofstetter, E.M.; Hofstetter, R.W. female–male interactions, female tunneling behavior, reproduction or egg laying. We suggest further Pinyon Engraver Beetle Acoustics: studies if acoustic methods are to be utilized to control this bark beetle. -
Sound Production and Associated Behavior in Insects1
SOUND PRODUCTION AND ASSOCIATED BEHAVIOR IN INSECTS1 RICHARD D. ALEXANDER Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 The number and variety of insects which produce sounds with specialized apparatus undoubtedly exceed those of all other living organisms combined, but only a few of these, the crickets, katydids, grasshoppers, and cicadas, make noises loud enough to be noticeable to man. These are the so-called singing insects, and their ancestors may well have been the first organisms on earth to communicate through sound waves transmitted in air. Although often obscured today by the intense and endless noises of civilization, insect sounds must have been among the loudest and most persistent sounds heard by primitive man. Their effect is apparent in art, mythology, and literature, and it may be more than mere coincidence that the chant, often called the most ancient of human music, bears a striking resemblance to the tuneless and repeti- tious insect song. Scientific interest in insect sounds dates at least to Aristotle, who over two thousand years ago separated two groups of Homoptera on the basis of whether or not they could produce sounds (Myers, 1929, p. 81). Today a complete bib- liography on sound production and perception in insects would contain several thousand references. Until recently, studies of insect sounds had to be based on human auditory impressions. For this reason, the variety and complexity of structure in insect sounds, chiefly involving pulsations delivered too rapidly for the human ear to perceive, are only beginning to be realized. Magnetic tape recorders and elec- tronic sound analyzing devices now provide objective means of analyzing and comparing these intricacies of structure, and have been responsible for a surge of interest in insect sounds in many different parts of the world (Busnel, 1954; Pringle, 1956). -
Stridulation by Jadera Haematoloma (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Production Mechanism and Associated Behaviors
BEHAVIOR Stridulation by Jadera haematoloma (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Production Mechanism and Associated Behaviors 1 2,3 1 2 ARIEL F. ZYCH, R. W. MANKIN, JAMES F. GILLOOLY, AND EVERETT FOREMAN Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 105(1): 118Ð127 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/AN11048 ABSTRACT The Hemiptera displays a notable diversity of vibratory communication signals across its various families. Here we describe the substrate and airborne vibrations (sounds), the mechanism of production, and associated behaviors of Jadera haematoloma Herrich-Schaeffer, a member of the family Rhopalidae. Adult males and females both produce short, stereotyped sound bursts by anteriorÐ posterior movement of abdominal tergites I and II against a stridulitrum located on the ventral surface of the metathoracic wing. Sound bursts are produced by a single adult male or female when physically touched by another adult, and are strongly associated with being crawled on by the approaching individual, but are not produced in response to contact with other arthropods or when pinched with forceps. The propensity to produce sounds when crawled upon decreases during the mating season. These sound bursts by J. haematoloma likely are communication signals. Rhopalidae has been signiÞcantly absent from the vibratory communication literature until now. Although the sounds are produced using a mechanism common to vibratory communication systems in closely related Het- eropteran Hemiptera, the sounds in these other species function primarily in courtship or in motherÐ daughter interactions, which suggests that the functions of stridulation and the behavioral contexts have diversiÞed in the Heteroptera. KEY WORDS insect communication, mating, stridulation, Heteroptera Acoustic and vibratory communication is incredibly Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), Jadera haema- diverse and has arisen multiple times during the evo- toloma Herrich-Schaefer, and describe for the Þrst lution of Hemiptera. -
Observation of the Vagrant Emperor (Anax Ephippiger, ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) in Sri Lanka After 38 Years
Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43 (2): 83-84, 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v43i2.7328 RESEARCH NOTE Observation of the Vagrant Emperor (Anax ephippiger, ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) in Sri Lanka after 38 years Nayana Wijayathilaka*, Nirodha Abayalath and Champika Bandara Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Accepted November 30, 2014 ABSTRACT Anax ephippiger is a widespread dragonfly species whose range extends from Sri Lanka and India through Africa to the Mediterranean region and Europe. However, the species is previously known only from two sightings in Sri Lanka. Thirty-eight years after the last sighting of the species, the authors photographed a male A. ephippiger on 3rd of November, 2008 around 4.00 pm. Keywords: Aeshnidae, dragonfly; migratory, Odonata. INTRODUCTION The genus is represented in Sri Lanka by five species: A. ephippiger, A. guttatus, A. Sri Lanka is home to 124 species of dragonflies, of immaculifrons, A. indicus and A. tristis. Globally, which 61 (49.2%) are endemic to the island at the A. ephippiger is a widespread species and its range species or subspecies level (Bedjanič et al. 2014). extends from Sri Lanka and India through Africa Anax ephippiger, the Vagrant Emperor, first to the Mediterranean region and Europe. It has described by Burmeister in 1839, belongs to the been assessed and given the status of ‘Least family Aeshnidae (Hawkers) in the order Odonata. Concern’ at the global level by the IUCN (Subramanian, 2013). Figure 1: Sightings of Anax ephippiger in Sri Lanka. *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] 84 Wijayathilaka et al.