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HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES Volume Number – UKRAINIAN MODERNISM | Editedby MichaelS.Flier Cambridge, Massachusetts Theprinting of this volume hasbeenmadepossible by thegeneroussupportofUkrainian studies at HarvardUniversity by TheJaroslawand Olha DuzeyPublication Fund in Ukrainian Studies Theeditorsassumenoresponsibilityfor statementsoffact or opinion made by contributors. ©2020 by thePresidentand FellowsofHarvard College Allrightsreserved ISSN 0363–5570 Published by theUkrainian Research Institute of HarvardUniversity Cambridge, Massachusetts,U.S.A. Printedinthe U.S.A. Articlesappearing in this journalare abstracted andindexed in Historical Abstracts Contents Contributors Acknowledgments Rethinking Ukrainian Modernism GR G. GRIC UKRII MRISM | – Kyiv: TheCapital of Modernity at theTurnofthe Twentieth Century J-CU MRC IncidentalModernism: Episodes of Symbolism in ModernUkrainian Art MRSV M. MURK Vasyl´ Iermilov in theContext of Ukrainian and European Artofthe First Thirdofthe Twentieth Century O LUK ConstructivisminUkrainian Theater GR KVK TheSwiss SecretsofAlexander Archipenko VI SUSK Creating and Concealing Modernism: ThePoetryofPavlo Tychyna Reconsidered GR G. GRIC RVIS Kelly O’Neill, ClaimingCrimea: AHistoryofCatherinethe Great’s SouthernEmpire (AntonKotenko) Serhiy Bilenky, ImperialUrbanism in the Borderlands:Kyiv, – (JohannesRemy) Stephen Velychenko, Painting Imperialism andNationalismRed: The UkrainianMarxist Critique of RussianCommunist Rule in Ukraine, – (Marko Bojcun) CS MatthewD.Pauly, Breaking the Tongue:Language, Education,and Power in Soviet Ukraine, – (LadaKolomiyets) SerhyYekelchyk, Stalin’sCitizens:Everyday Politicsinthe Wake of TotalWar (HuseyinOylupinar) Marci Shore, TheUkrainianNight:AnIntimate HistoryofRevolution (Oleksii Polegkyi) Paul D’Anieri, Ukraineand Russia:From Civilized Divorce to Uncivil War (Olena Lennon) AgniaGrigas, Beyond Crimea: TheNew RussianEmpire (David R. Marples) MitchellA.Orenstein, TheLands in Between: Russia vs.the West andthe NewPoliticsofHybridWar (Andrey Davydov) Jennifer J. Carroll, Narkomania: Drugs, HIV, andCitizenship in Ukraine (Emily Channell-Justice) Contributors George G. Grabowicz is Dmytro Čyževskyj ProfessorofUkrainian Literature at HarvardUniversity and founder and editor in chief of theKyiv-based journal and publishing house Krytyka. He is theauthor of several monographs on theworks of TarasShevchenko, most recently Shevchenkovi“Haidamaky” (), and collections of articlesonthe historyofUkrainian literature Do istoriï ukraïns´koï literatury (, )and Teksty imasky (). He is the general editor of thebibliographic series Shevchenkovkrytytsi (, ) and haswrittenmanyarticlesonvariousaspects of Ukrainian literature and itsauthors,mostnotably Tychynaand Khvyl´ovyi.His translation of Mykola Bazhan’s long poem Sliptsi is forthcoming in . Georgy Kovalenko is an artand theaterscholar and painter, chief research fellow at theState Institutefor ArtStudies(Moscow), and chair of theDepart- mentofTwentieth-Century Russian Artatthe Russian AcademyofArts.He specializesinthe avant-gardeart of Russia andUkraine,Czech and Slovak artofthe twentieth century,and scenography.Heisauthor of anumber of monographs,notably thetwo-volume Aleksandra Ekster ()and Aleksandra Ekster ikniga (). He hascuratedamajor Exterretrospective (Moscow MuseumofContemporaryArt, )and edited numerousvolumes, including Russkiiavangard –-khgodov vevropeiskom kontekste (), Russkii kubofuturizm (), Pol´skoeiskusstvo iliteratura (), Bespredmetnost´ iabstraktsiia (). Olga Lagutenko is professorand chair of theDepartmentofHistory of Art at theNational AcademyofVisualArt and Architecture (Kyiv). Herresearch focuses on twentieth-century graphic arts,the avant-garde, and construc- tivism. She actively participates in international conferences and artistic projects and hascuratednumerousexhibitions.Her monographs include Ukraïns´kahrafikapershoï tretynyXXstolittia (), Ukraïns´kaknyzhkova obkladynka pershoï tretynyXXstolittia (), Hrafiky—Graphein: Narysyz istoriï ukraïns´koïhrafikyXXstolittia (), Mikhail StepanovichTkachenko: – (), Ukraïns´kahrafikaXXstolittia (), Fenomen tvorchosti AndriiaChebykina (). She is vice-presidentofthe Ukrainian section of theInternational Association of ArtCritics(UNESCO). Jean-Claude Marcadé is adoctorofletters,art historian, and translator, spe- cializing in theUkrainian and Russian avant-garde. He is emeritus research directorofthe National Centerfor ScientificResearch (CNRS), Instituteof CRIURS AestheticsofContemporaryArts -Paris I–Sorbonne, and presidentofthe association FriendsofAntoine Pevsner.Hehas curatednumerousmuseum exhibitions,including Ivan Puni (Paris and Berlin, –), RussianSym- bolism (Madrid, Barcelona,and Bordeaux, –), RussianAvant-garde, – (Brussels, ), and Kazimir Malevich (Bilbao, ), and has authored themonographs Malévitch (, ; [Japanese edition]; [Ukrainian edition]), and L’avant-garde russe, – (, ). MyroslavaM.Mudrak is professoremerita in theDepartmentofHistory of ArtatOhio StateUniversity.She studiesmodernism in EasternEurope and theformer Soviet Union in relation to the philosophical and stylistic developments of theWest. She hascontributed extensively to exhibitions of Ukrainian modernismand produced theaward-winning catalogue“Staging theUkrainian avant-gardeofthe sand s.”Her primary interest is in theideologicaldiscourses,socio-political influences,and artistic practice within East European cultures using modernity to signifynational identity. The Ukrainian translation and expandedversion of her landmarkbook, TheNew Generation andArtistic Modernism in Ukraine,was published in Kyiv in . Vita Susak is an arthistorian, member of theSwiss Academic Society for East European Studies. In –,she headedthe DepartmentofModern European Artatthe Lviv National ArtGallery, whereshe curated exhibitions and also taught at theIvanFrankoNational University in Lviv (–). She wasawarded grants from theGetty Foundation (USA, ), theMaisondes Sciences de l’Homme (France, ,the Diderot fellowship), theMinistryof CultureofPoland (), theLandis&Gyr Foundation (Switzerland, ), and theFulbright Fellowship (USA, ). She hasauthored numerouspubli- cations,among them two monographs: UkrainianArtists in Paris, – ()and Alexis Gritchenko: Dynamocolor (). Acknowledgments Theeditors aregratefultothe following museums,research institutions,foun- dations,individual collectors,and publishers formaking artworkfromtheir collections available forthispublication. MUSUMSIUKRI National ArtMuseum of Ukraine, Kyiv Central StateArchive-Museum of Literature and ArtofUkraine, Kyiv MuseumofTheatre, Music and Cinema of Ukraine, Kyiv Lviv National GalleryofArts National Artand CultureMuseum Complex“Mystetskyi Arsenal,”Kyiv Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv KharkivArt Museum Gudimov Ya GalleryArt Center, Kyiv National Museum of theHistory of Ukraine, Kyiv MUSUMSIRUSSI A. A. Bakhrushin StateCentral TheatreMuseum, Moscow StateRussian Museum, St.Petersburg StateTretyakov Gallery, Moscow StateHistoricalMuseum, Moscow M. V. NesterovBashkir StateArt Museum, Ufa(TheRepublic of Bashkortostan) HR MUSUMS AgencephotoRMN-Grand Palais,Paris HarvardArt Museums/FoggMuseum Kunsthaus Zug,Stiftung Sammlung Kamm Kunsthaus Zürich, Museum Rietberg MuseumofContemporaryArt,Zagreb MuseumofModernArt,New York National Museum of Afghanistan, Kabul National Museum in Belgrade National Museum in Warsaw Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam TelAvivMuseum of Art Victoria and AlbertMuseum, London Winnipeg ArtGallery CKMS IRRIS LibraryofArmenian Manuscripts of theMekhitarist CongregationofSan Lazzaro, Venice Bibliothekdes Basler Kunstvereins,Kunsthalle Basel Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris Houghton Library, HarvardUniversity PRIVCCRS RIHSHRS Dmytro Horbachov Konstantin Grigorishin TarasMaksymiuk MaryClare Burliuk ValeriDudakov Sepherot Foundation, Liechtenstein Estate of Alexander Archipenko Estate of Yuri (Georgiy) IvanovichPimenov PUISHRS “DukhiLitera”Research and Publishing Association, Kyiv Proun, Moscow KrytykaPublishers,Kyiv MystetsvoPublishers,Kyiv NouvellesÉditions Françaises,Paris Rodovid Press, Kyiv Taschen, Cologne PHRPHS Ernest Mayer OlegSynkov MyroslavaM.Mudrak Vita Susak Anna Chukur OlgaLagutenko Jean-Claude Marcadé *** ThearticlesbyJean-Claude Marcadé and Georgy Kovalenkoweretranslated from theRussian by Marta D. Olynykwiththe assistanceofMaryAnn Szporluk CKMS and Yevgeniy Runkevich. Thearticle by OlgaLagutenkowas translatedfrom theUkrainian by VolodymyrDibrovawiththe assistanceofMaryAnn Szporluk and Yevgeniy Runkevich. Particular thanksisowedtothe HarvardUkrainian Studies editorial assistants Yevgeniy Runkevich, Madeline Kinkel,and Alejandra Olivafor their dedicated workchasing downreferences,researching illustrations,translating, editing,and compiling listsofmuseums and rights holders.Ali Kinsella began thesearch forpermissions.Anna Chukur managedthe monumentaltaskof acquiring quality illustrations,researching and securing multiple permissions, and helping authors with their selections.SpecialthankstoMarikaWhaley forthe layout and design. We would liketoacknowledge thefollowingindividualsfor assisting with permissions and providing contactinformation on rights holders:Kira Nemirovsky, YuliyaBentia, AntonKotenko, and Alexander Parnis,aswellas to recognizethe goodwill of themanymuseum workers,librarians,and agents of rights-granting agencies(ArtistsRightsSociety,Art Resource,UPRAVIS), without whom theproduction of this volume would have been infinitelymore difficult. Everyefforthas been made to contactcopyrightholders of images reproduced in this volume. We welcome anynew information that mayhave escaped our searches. .