Department of Physics

95 years with the University of

February 16, 1922 - February 16, 2017

Assoc. prof. Judita Puišo Kaunas University of Technology The Higher Courses

The Society of High Sciences initiated the first private center of studies in Kaunas.

Photos from “Lietuvos albumas” Kaunas, 1921 The Higher Courses

December 23, 1919

Request of the council of the Society of the High Sciences to Minister of Education to establish the Higher Courses.

Photos from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2947/5105.jpg 3 The Higher Courses

January 27, 1920

Hall of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (Gimnazijos str. 3, Kaunas)

Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html, http://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=16278&p_k=1. 4 The Higher Courses Lecturers of the Higher Courses in 1921

Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html Departments of the Higher Courses

• Liberal arts,

• Law,

• Mathematics and Physics. • Nature,

• Medicine,

Photo from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html • Technics. 6 The Higher Courses

The Higher Courses enjoyed successful growth:

522 students and 48 lecturers.

Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html 7 Department of Mathematics and Physics

The First Head of the Department of Mathematics and Physics and Director of the Higher Courses.

Zigmas Žemaitis Photos from: LMAVB RS, F183-667, l.1, http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html 8 Physics books in the library of the Higher Courses

9 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Physics

Physics Lectures

(Laisvės av. 95, Kaunas) Physics lectures was hold in the Physics room of the „Aušra“ girl’s gymnasium in 1920.

Photo from http://www.grazitumano.lt/w/images/b/ba/C- Documents_and_Settingslibis.KAVBDesktoplaisves_alejaiaus 10 ra1.jpg Department of Mathematics and Physics

PHYSICS LECTURES

(A. Mickevičiaus str. 37, Kaunas)

Physics lectures was hold in the building of School of Commercial in 1921.

11 Department of Mathematics and Physics

Only 20 students were registered to the Department of Mathematics and Physics in 1920.

Students: Gender: a) “real” students (graduated gymnasium) - 11, b) guest students or auditors - 9. a) Men - 17, b) Women - 3. Age:

Nationality: a) <20 years old - 4, b) 25 years old - 10 a) Lithuanian - 14, c) 30 years old - 6. b) Jewish - 6. 12 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Physics

Only students was registered to the Department of Mathematics and Physics in December, 1921. Gender: Students - 13.

a) Men - 10, b) Women - 3.

Nationality:

a) Lithuanian - 12, b) Jewish - 1.

13 Department of Mathematics and Physics

Teaching subjects:

1. Analytical geometry, 2. Differential counting, 3. Descriptive geometry, 4. Integration of differential equations, 5. Theory of probability 6. Variation counting, 7. Theory of digits, 8. Physics, 9. Chemistry, 10. Analytical mechanics, 11. Astronomy, 12. Meteorology.

Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology 14

The first Physics lecturer

Lector of Physics and Chemistry at the Higher Courses in 1921 – 1922.

Subjects:

a) Physics, b) Chemistry.

Vincas Čepinskis (1871-1940) Photo from LMAVB RS, F231-37, l.1. 15 The University of Lithuania

Photo from https://asu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/image-210-725x1024.jpeg, http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2964/5189.jpg// 16

The University of Lithuania The University of Lithuania

The first Rector (A. Mickevičiaus str. 37, Kaunas) Professor Jonas Šimkus Photos from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2964/5189.jpg/, http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/portfolio/lietuvos-universitetas/, http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2955/5145. 18

The University of Lithuania

THE 1ST SEMESTER

1st of March - Admission of students.

6th of March – The 1st day of the 1st Semester.

2nd part of March – Lectures started.

19 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology The University of Lithuania

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Core of the teaching personal of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was approved by the order of the Minister of Education of Lithuania.

Dean: extraordinary professor Zigmas Žemaitis (Mathematician).

Members: a) Vincas Čepinskis ( Physicist and Chemist), b) Tadas Ivanauskas (Naturalist), c) Filypas Butkevičius (Chemist), d) Antanas Purėnas (Chemist)

20

Departments, subjects and rules of the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

• to provide the students with a knowledge of physics for further deepening learning in the specialty special fields of this science.

• to provide students of other specialties with the basics of physical science, necessary for studying natural science.

Photo from LCVA, f. 631, ap. 12, b. 53, l. 6 21 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Units: 1. Mathematics, Departments: 2. Physics, 1. Experimental Physics, 3. Chemistry, 2. Theoretical Physics. 4. Biology, 5. Agronomy.

22 Physics in the University of Lithuania

The first Head of the Department of Experimental Physics.

Professor Vincas Čepinskis (1922–1926))).

23 Photo from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2957/5155 The University of Lithuania

Head of Department of Physics was elected as the Rector of the University of Lithuania in 1923.

Rector of the University of Lithuania,

Rector of Vytautas Magnus University

1923 - 1924 and 1929 -1933 Prof. Vincas Čepinskis

Photos from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2965/5194.jpg 24 The University of Lithuania

Start of construction of Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Linksmakalnis in 1924.

25 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Construction of Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Linksmakalnis

December 9, 1925 26 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Professors and lecturers of the University of Lithuania September 15, 1925

27 Photo from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2959/5165.jpg Professor V. Čepinskis Physics Lecture

May 11, 1926

28 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Prof. Kęstutis Šliūpas

The head of the Department of Experimental Physics in 1926 – 1931.

Prof. Kęstutis Šliūpas Wilhelm Röntgen’s student (1888 03 03 – 1932 11 15)

The first Lithuanian physicist, whose works were published in journal “Nature” in 1925. 29 Photo from Archive of Šiauliai University library

Physical room at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

30 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

A part of the schedule of teaching year 1927

31 Photo from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2812/4533.jpg Staff of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 1929

Juozas Matulis, Vincas Čepinskis, S. Slavinskas, V. Kaveckis, A. Gaidys, Kazys Bagdonas. Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/13-LMAVB_RS-F231-46-2r.jpg 32 The University of Lithuania

Department of Experimental Physics

Associate professor Ignas Končius, 1929 -1930 Senior assistant Antanas Žvironas,

Senior assistant Povilas Brazdžiūnas.

Department of Theoretical Physics

Extra ordinal professor Kęstutis Šliūpas,

Senior assistant dr. Antanas Puodžiukynas.

33 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology The Great Building

Rectorate, library, Museum of zoology, Faculties of Theology and Philosophy, Humanity Sciences, Law, Technics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences were moved to the new building in 1929 m. 34 Photo from https://muziejus.ktu.edu/ktu-istorija/ The University of Lithuania

1930

Vytautas Magnus University

35 Publications

36 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Photos from: KTU Department of Physics Vytautas Magnus University

Adolfas Jucys working on his diploma work “Triode” in 1931.

Photos from: the Library of Kaunas University of Technology, R. Karazija. Žalias teorijos medis . 2013 p. 170 38 Vytautas Magnus University

Schedule of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Photos from: the Library of Kaunas University of Technology 39 Vytautas Magnus University

Prof. Ignas Končius was nominated to the position of the Head of the Department of Physics in 1931.

Prof. Ignas Končius

Photos from KTU Department of Physics 40 Before the Faculty meeting, 1932

K. Šliūpas, A Purėnas and K. Šleževičius

41 Photos from book: Fizikos istorija Lietuvoje 1, , 1988 Young scientist of Department of Physics

Povilas Brazdžiūnas (1922–1940), Antanas Puodžiukynas (1928–1986) Iš kairės: P. Brazdžiūnas, Kazimieras Baršauskas (1929–1964) A. Puodžiukynas, K. Baršauskas 42 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Institute of Physics and Chemistry

Physical and Chemical laboratories were moved to this new building in 1931. 43 Photo from https://muziejus.ktu.edu/ktu-istorija/ Institute of Physics and Chemistry

Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 44 Institute of Physics and Chemistry

Photo from: https://imgprx.livejournal.net/7f4366f748b8f6f362310fea8b7b06757e2626c7/ItYZ8ABSaA9NUva36F_0HJt

10o6BmSCSYhdTt9oNk8tBcS78HQrzr7u9mixXE1T1skVt_j97Af2MAhQXCylgdforAXcg- 45 zUWqqOkt_FV76A Institute of Physics and Chemistry

Laboratory of chemical during construction.

46 Photo from Technika. – 1933, Nr. 7, p. 492

Vytautas Magnus University

Lecturers and students of Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 1935. 47 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology K. Baršauskas preparing Physics demonstrations in 1935

48 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Prof. V. Čepinskis with assistants and students

Photo from book R. Karazija. Žalias teorijos medis .2013 p. 169 49 Vytautas Magnus University

Meeting at the University Hall in 1935.

From the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 50 Vytautas Magnus University

Honor evening dedicated for professor Vincas Čepinskis retirement in September 26, 1936. Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 51 Vytautas Magnus University

Lecturers and students of Faculty Mathematics and Natural Science in 1937. 52 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Vytautas Magnus University

Books

Photos from Library of Kaunas University of Technology 53 Defence of Ph.D. thesis by K. Baršauskas in 1938

Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 54 Vytautas Magnus University

Personal of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences before transfer to in June, 1940. Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 55 Report of Department of Physics in 1922-1940

Physics absolvents – 56,

Books, text books – 8,

Articles in the international journals – 8,

Articles in the Lithuanian journals – 9,

Ph. D thesis in Physics – 1.

56 KAUNAS UNIVERSITY The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was transferred to Vilnius University in 1940.

Laboratory and demonstration equipment remained in Kaunas 57 Staff of Physics Department 1922–1940

Vytautas Magnus University

Professor Ignas Končius Assoc. prof. Povilas Brazdžiūnas Assoc. prof. Antanas Žvironas Assoc. prof. Antanas Puodžiukynas Assoc. prof. Kazimieras Baršauskas Senior assistant Adolfas Jucys

Kaunas University Vilniaus universitetas

Professor Ignas Končius Assoc. prof. Povilas Brazdžiūnas Assoc. prof. Kazimieras Baršauskas Assoc. prof. .Antanas Žvironas Assoc. prof. Antanas Puodžiukynas Senior assistant Adolfas Jucys Photos from Library of Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas University

Soviet army occupied the Institute of Physics and Chemistry building in 1940 m.

© KTU, 2010 Department of Physics removed to the closed Laboratory of the Military Management Board of the Ministry of National Defense. 59

Kaunas State Vytautas Magnus University

Hans Geiger (1882 - 1945)

Student of Hans Geiger Kazimieras Kazimieras Baršauskas Baršauskas was nominated as the Head of (1904-1964) Department of Physics in 1941.

Photos from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology, 60 http://www.uni-kiel.de/grosse-forscher/index.php?nid=geiger&lang=e Department of Physics lost it’ s “Native home”

The Institute of Physics and Chemistry was occupied by German army in June, 1941.

61 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Vytautas Magnus University

Germans army closed the university and exploded the building of Institute of Physics and Chemistry in 1943.

From the book M. Martinaitis. Kauno Antano Sniečkaus politechnikos institutas.– Vilnius: Mokslas, 1979 62 Department of Physics

Professor Kazimieras Baršauskas was nominated as the Head of Department of Physics in 1944.

Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 63 Kaunas State Vytautas Magnus university Re- opened in October, 23 1944 The university was named as the Kaunas State University in 1946.

Department Physics returned to the Building of University

in 1946. Photos from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 64 The Main Building of Kaunas State University in 1949

http://www.archyvai.lt/images/15150/43105 65 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute Kaunas state university was reorganized t o Kaunas polytechnical institute (KPI) and Kaunas Medical institute (KMI) October 31, 1950

Photo http://www.epaveldas.lt/object/recordDescription/PAVB/C190000363325 66 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute Head of Physics Department Professor K. Baršauskas was nominated as a Rector of Kaunas Polytechnical institute.

Prof. K. Baršauskas lead Department of Physics until 1964.

67 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas Polytechnical Institute

Department of Physics

Assoc. prof. J. Trimonis nominated as the Head of Department of Physics 1964.

68 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Department of Physics

Assoc. prof. Vytautas Ilgūnas was nominated as the Head of Department of Physics 1965.

E. Jaronis and V. Ilgūnas 69 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology © KTU 1964 © KTU 1966 © KTU 1966

© KTU 1968 © KTU 1969 © KTU 1964

70 © KTU 1973 © KTU 1976 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute

(V. Juro str. 50)

Department of Physics in the new Building of Electronics.

Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 71 © KTU 1973 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute

Laboratory of Automatization of Technological Production of Integrated Circuits was established in December 17, 1970.

Assoc. prof. dr. Liudvikas Pranevičius was nominated as the Head of the laboratory. 72 © KTU 1973 Laboratory of Integrated Circuits

73 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute Department of Physics

Assoc. prof. Česlovas Radvilavičius was nominated as the Head of Department of Physics in 1971

Assoc. prof. Liudvikas Pranevičius and assoc. prof. Česlovas Radvilavičius

74 Physics auditorium 325 F

75 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute

April 22, 1974

Kaunas Antanas Sniečkus Polytechnical Institute “KASPIS”

76 Physicists of Physics Department May 1, 1976

L. Pranevičius, J. Vosylius, R. Brazdžiūnas, A. Grigonis, M. Domkus

77 © KTU 1973 Staff of Physics Department in 1987

78 Physicist of Physics Department

Alfonsas Grigonis, Albinas Tamašauskas, Gediminas Adlys (1984)

79 Kaunas Antanas Sniečkus Polytechnical Institute

October 23, 1989

Kaunas Polytechnical Institute

80 Kaunas Polytechnical Institute (KPI)

October 1, 1990

Kaunas University of Technology (KTU)

81 Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) Department of Physics

Assoc. Prof. Alfonsas Grigonis was elected as the Head of Department of Physics in 1992.

http://ktu.edu/uploads/files/fakultetai/Matematikos%20ir%20gamtos%20moksl%C5%B3%20fakultetas/files

/images/Fizikos%20katedra/Nuotraukos/Grigonis.jpg 82 In 1993 was initiated the Faculty of Fundamental Sciences

The First Dean assoc. prof. Vidmantas Pekarskas

83 Prof. Julius Dudonis was elected as the Head of Department of Physics in 2001.

84 International conference RADIATION INTERACTION WITH October 3, 2003 MATERIAL AND ITS USE IN TECHNOLOGIES

85 Nobel Prize laureate in Kaunas, 2007

Ph.D. students Jurgita Laurikaitienė and Inga Cibulskaitė

Prof Heinrich Rohrer (1933-2013)

Assoc. prof. Diana Adlienė 2003 Medical Physics (MSc) and Material Science ( BSc) programs.

Material Science (MSc) study program was started in 2006.

87 Radiation Dosimetry laboratory was established in 2007.

88 Honoris Causa October 8, 2008

89 June, 2011 Prof. Giedrius Laukaitis was nominated as the Head of Physics Department.

90 91 Department of Physics in 2013

92 2013 2013

93 2013

94 95 Acknowledgement

Dr. Audronė Veilentienė Prof. dr. Diana Adlienė Museum Department of Physics Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas University of Technology

Dr. Edita Korzonaitė Library Kaunas University of Technology

96