Department of Physics 95 years with the University of Lithuania February 16, 1922 - February 16, 2017 Assoc. prof. Judita Puišo Kaunas University of Technology The Higher Courses The Society of High Sciences initiated the first private center of studies in Kaunas. Photos from “Lietuvos albumas” Kaunas, 1921 The Higher Courses December 23, 1919 Request of the council of the Society of the High Sciences to Minister of Education to establish the Higher Courses. Photos from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2947/5105.jpg 3 The Higher Courses January 27, 1920 Hall of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania (Gimnazijos str. 3, Kaunas) Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html, http://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=16278&p_k=1. 4 The Higher Courses Lecturers of the Higher Courses in 1921 Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html Departments of the Higher Courses • Liberal arts, • Law, • Mathematics and Physics. • Nature, • Medicine, Photo from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html • Technics. 6 The Higher Courses The Higher Courses enjoyed successful growth: 522 students and 48 lecturers. Photos from http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html 7 Department of Mathematics and Physics The First Head of the Department of Mathematics and Physics and Director of the Higher Courses. Zigmas Žemaitis Photos from: LMAVB RS, F183-667, l.1, http://webdav.ktub.labt.lt/www/a_kursai/2.html 8 Physics books in the library of the Higher Courses 9 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Physics Physics Lectures (Laisvės av. 95, Kaunas) Physics lectures was hold in the Physics room of the „Aušra“ girl’s gymnasium in 1920. Photo from http://www.grazitumano.lt/w/images/b/ba/C- Documents_and_Settingslibis.KAVBDesktoplaisves_alejaiaus 10 ra1.jpg Department of Mathematics and Physics PHYSICS LECTURES (A. Mickevičiaus str. 37, Kaunas) Physics lectures was hold in the building of School of Commercial in 1921. 11 Department of Mathematics and Physics Only 20 students were registered to the Department of Mathematics and Physics in 1920. Students: Gender: a) “real” students (graduated gymnasium) - 11, b) guest students or auditors - 9. a) Men - 17, b) Women - 3. Age: Nationality: a) <20 years old - 4, b) 25 years old - 10 a) Lithuanian - 14, c) 30 years old - 6. b) Jewish - 6. 12 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Department of Mathematics and Physics Only students was registered to the Department of Mathematics and Physics in December, 1921. Gender: Students - 13. a) Men - 10, b) Women - 3. Nationality: a) Lithuanian - 12, b) Jewish - 1. 13 Department of Mathematics and Physics Teaching subjects: 1. Analytical geometry, 2. Differential counting, 3. Descriptive geometry, 4. Integration of differential equations, 5. Theory of probability 6. Variation counting, 7. Theory of digits, 8. Physics, 9. Chemistry, 10. Analytical mechanics, 11. Astronomy, 12. Meteorology. Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology 14 The first Physics lecturer Lector of Physics and Chemistry at the Higher Courses in 1921 – 1922. Subjects: a) Physics, b) Chemistry. Vincas Čepinskis (1871-1940) Photo from LMAVB RS, F231-37, l.1. 15 The University of Lithuania Photo from https://asu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/image-210-725x1024.jpeg, http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2964/5189.jpg// 16 The University of Lithuania The University of Lithuania The first Rector (A. Mickevičiaus str. 37, Kaunas) Professor Jonas Šimkus Photos from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2964/5189.jpg/, http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/portfolio/lietuvos-universitetas/, http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2955/5145. 18 The University of Lithuania THE 1ST SEMESTER 1st of March - Admission of students. 6th of March – The 1st day of the 1st Semester. 2nd part of March – Lectures started. 19 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology The University of Lithuania Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Core of the teaching personal of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences was approved by the order of the Minister of Education of Lithuania. Dean: extraordinary professor Zigmas Žemaitis (Mathematician). Members: a) Vincas Čepinskis ( Physicist and Chemist), b) Tadas Ivanauskas (Naturalist), c) Filypas Butkevičius (Chemist), d) Antanas Purėnas (Chemist) 20 Departments, subjects and rules of the Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences • to provide the students with a knowledge of physics for further deepening learning in the specialty special fields of this science. • to provide students of other specialties with the basics of physical science, necessary for studying natural science. Photo from LCVA, f. 631, ap. 12, b. 53, l. 6 21 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Units: 1. Mathematics, Departments: 2. Physics, 1. Experimental Physics, 3. Chemistry, 2. Theoretical Physics. 4. Biology, 5. Agronomy. 22 Physics in the University of Lithuania The first Head of the Department of Experimental Physics. Professor Vincas Čepinskis (1922–1926))). 23 Photo from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2957/5155 The University of Lithuania Head of Department of Physics was elected as the Rector of the University of Lithuania in 1923. Rector of the University of Lithuania, Rector of Vytautas Magnus University 1923 - 1924 and 1929 -1933 Prof. Vincas Čepinskis Photos from: http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2965/5194.jpg 24 The University of Lithuania Start of construction of Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Linksmakalnis in 1924. 25 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Construction of Institute of Physics and Chemistry in Linksmakalnis December 9, 1925 26 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Professors and lecturers of the University of Lithuania September 15, 1925 27 Photo from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2959/5165.jpg Professor V. Čepinskis Physics Lecture May 11, 1926 28 Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/lietuvos-universitetas/08-lmavb_rs-f231-44-1v/ Prof. Kęstutis Šliūpas The head of the Department of Experimental Physics in 1926 – 1931. Prof. Kęstutis Šliūpas Wilhelm Röntgen’s student (1888 03 03 – 1932 11 15) The first Lithuanian physicist, whose works were published in journal “Nature” in 1925. 29 Photo from Archive of Šiauliai University library Physical room at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences 30 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences A part of the schedule of teaching year 1927 31 Photo from http://www.archyvai.lt/images/2812/4533.jpg Staff of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 1929 Juozas Matulis, Vincas Čepinskis, S. Slavinskas, V. Kaveckis, A. Gaidys, Kazys Bagdonas. Photo from http://parodos.mab.lt/lma/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/13-LMAVB_RS-F231-46-2r.jpg 32 The University of Lithuania Department of Experimental Physics Associate professor Ignas Končius, 1929 -1930 Senior assistant Antanas Žvironas, Senior assistant Povilas Brazdžiūnas. Department of Theoretical Physics Extra ordinal professor Kęstutis Šliūpas, Senior assistant dr. Antanas Puodžiukynas. 33 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology The Great Building Rectorate, library, Museum of zoology, Faculties of Theology and Philosophy, Humanity Sciences, Law, Technics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences were moved to the new building in 1929 m. 34 Photo from https://muziejus.ktu.edu/ktu-istorija/ The University of Lithuania 1930 Vytautas Magnus University 35 Publications 36 Photo from the Library of Kaunas University of Technology Photos from: KTU Department of Physics Vytautas Magnus University Adolfas Jucys working on his diploma work “Triode” in 1931. Photos from: the Library of Kaunas University of Technology, R. Karazija. Žalias teorijos medis . 2013 p. 170 38 Vytautas Magnus University Schedule of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Photos from: the Library of Kaunas University of Technology 39 Vytautas Magnus University Prof. Ignas Končius was nominated to the position of the Head of the Department of Physics in 1931. Prof. Ignas Končius Photos from KTU Department of Physics 40 Before the Faculty meeting, 1932 K. Šliūpas, A Purėnas and K. Šleževičius 41 Photos from book: Fizikos istorija Lietuvoje 1, Vilnius , 1988 Young scientist of Department of Physics Povilas Brazdžiūnas (1922–1940), Antanas Puodžiukynas (1928–1986) Iš kairės: P. Brazdžiūnas, Kazimieras Baršauskas (1929–1964) A. Puodžiukynas, K. Baršauskas 42 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Institute of Physics and Chemistry Physical and Chemical laboratories were moved to this new building in 1931. 43 Photo from https://muziejus.ktu.edu/ktu-istorija/ Institute of Physics and Chemistry Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology 44 Institute of Physics and Chemistry Photo from: https://imgprx.livejournal.net/7f4366f748b8f6f362310fea8b7b06757e2626c7/ItYZ8ABSaA9NUva36F_0HJt 10o6BmSCSYhdTt9oNk8tBcS78HQrzr7u9mixXE1T1skVt_j97Af2MAhQXCylgdforAXcg- 45 zUWqqOkt_FV76A Institute of Physics and Chemistry Laboratory of chemical during construction. 46 Photo from Technika. – 1933, Nr. 7, p. 492 Vytautas Magnus University Lecturers and students of Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 1935. 47 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology K. Baršauskas preparing Physics demonstrations in 1935 48 Photo from the Museum of Kaunas University of Technology Prof. V. Čepinskis with assistants and students Photo from book R.