This presen This author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the responsible be therein information use of contained andbe held any may Commission which the made for cannot author, This project has been funded with support from the support European from funded been has with project This TEurope” HE GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE TH Comeniusp the parttation is of E GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE plan ofactivities plan Comenius Project -Art and Science: The Best Ambassadors of the National Values within Europe THE THE The main source of information was the English version of of the Wikipedia. English version source of main information was The GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY EUROPEAN GREAT and it reflects the work of a of of group reflects the it and work roject roject “Art andScience“Art Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the the reflects of Thisonly Commission. views publication the - The Best Ambassadors of the BestValues AmbassadorsThe National the of students and teachers OF SCIENCEOF ISBN from project partnerfromschools project 978 - 606 - 671 - within . 532 - 4 Page1 THE GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE Magazine coordinators: Mrs . Rotaru Maria- Cristina –“Tudor Arghezi” High School, Craiova, Romania Mrs. Bărbulescu Anca Gabriela- “Tudor Arghezi” High School, Craiova, Romania Editors: Bărbulescu Andra Maria – a student at “Tudor Arghezi” High School, Craiova, Romania Ionescu Radu – a student at “Tudor Arghezi” High School, Craiova, Romania Săndoi Radu Lucian – a student at “Tudor Arghezi” High School, Craiova, Romania Cover conceived and made by the students from IES La Vega de San José, Las Palmas, Spania This paperwork has been made with the contribution of the students and teachers from the 9 schools involved in the multilateral Comenius project “ART AND SCI ENCE- The Best Ambassadors of the National Values within Europe” national ID: 12-PM-14-DJ-RO, LLP No: 2012-1-RO1-COM06-22154 1. 1. “Tudor Arghezi” High School, CRAIOVA, ROMANIA –project coordinator 2. "Elias Canetti" Secondary School - RUSE, BULGARIA 3. Istituto Tecnico Statale “Maria Letizia Cassata”- GUBBIO, ITALY 4. IES - La Vega de San José- LAS PALMAS, SPAIN 5. Kursenai Polytechnic School- KURSENAI, LITHUANIA 6. Servet Çambol İlköğretim Okulu – DARICA / KOCAELI, TURKEY 7. Zespół Szkół Ponadgimnazjalnych w Somoninie im. Józefa Wybickiego- SOMONINO, POLAND 8. Lycee Don Bosco- WITTENHEIM, FRANCE 9. Colégio Casa-Mãe- PAREDES, PORTUGAL Coordinators: Mrs. Maria-Cristina Rotaru and Mrs. Anca Gabriela Bărbulescu - Romania, Mr. Nikolay Lyaskovski- Bulgaria, Mr. Carlos Ueno Jacue and Mrs. Margarita Figueras Oddy- Spain, Mrs. Wioleta Szwaba - Poland, Mrs. Salvinija Paulauskiene -Lithuania, Ms. Ayla Doğan and Ms. Hayat Karadeniz- Turkey, Mrs. Sybille Gaertner and Mrs. Sonia Haenni - France, Mrs. Marina Pierdica - Italy, Mrs. Patricia Silva and Mrs. Paula Loureiro - Portugal. This project was funded by the European Commission through the Lifelong Learning Programme. The publication reflects only the views of the authors, and the Commission is not responsible for any use of the information it contains. 2 Page This presentation is part of the Comenius project “Art and Science- The Best Ambassadors of the National Values within Europe” plan of activities and it reflects the work of a group of students and teachers from project partner schools. The main source of information was the English version of Wikipedia. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein THE GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE ROMANIA Pronunciation: [roʊˈmeɪniə] Romania is a country located at the intersection of Central and Southeastern Europe, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south. At 238,391 sq km Romania is the eighth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with 20,121,641 people (2011). It is the twelfth largest country in Europe. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest – the sixth largest city in the E.U. The word Romania derives from the Latin romanus, meaning "citizen of Rome". Romania has 3,195 kilometers of border. In the southeast, 245 kilometers of sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Traditionally Romania is divided into several historic regions that no longer perform any administrative function: 3 Page This presentation is part of the Comenius project “Art and Science- The Best Ambassadors of the National Values within Europe” plan of activities and it reflects the work of a group of students and teachers from project partner schools. The main source of information was the English version of Wikipedia. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein THE GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE - Dobrogea is the easternmost region, extending from the northward course of the Danube to the shores of the Black Sea. - Moldavia stretches from the Eastern Carpathians to the Prut River on the Moldovan and Ukrainian border. - Wallachia reaches south from the Transylvanian Alps to the Bulgarian border and is divided by the Olt River into Oltenia on the west and Muntenia on the east. The Danube forms a natural border between Muntenia and Dobruja. - The west-central region, known as Transylvania, is delimited by the arc of the Carpathians, which separates it from the Maramureş region in the northwest; by the Crişana area, which borders Hungary in the west; and by the Banat region of the southwest, which adjoins both Hungary and Serbia. Romania's natural landscape is almost evenly divided among mountains (31 percent), hills (33 percent), and plains (36 percent). These varied relief forms spread rather symmetrically from the Carpathian Mountains, which reach elevations of more than 2,500 meters, to the Danube Delta, which is just a few meters above sea level.The arc of the Carpathians extends over 1,000 kilometers through the center of the country, covering an area of 71,000 square kilometers. These mountains are of low to medium altitude and are no wider than 100 kilometers. They are deeply fragmented by longitudinal and transverse valleys and crossed by several major rivers. These features and the fact that there are many summit passes—some at altitudes up to 2,256 meters—have made the Carpathians less of a barrier to movement than other European ranges. Another distinguishing feature is the many eroded platforms that provide tableland at relatively high altitudes. There are permanent settlements here at above 1,200 meters. The Southern Carpathians offer the highest peaks at Moldoveanu Peak (2,544 m) and Negoiu (2,535 m) and more than 150 glacial lakes. They have large grassland areas and some woodlands but few large depressions and subsoil resources. At higher elevations, the wind and rain have turned the rocks into spectacular figures such as the Sphinx (see the picture) and Babele. Rivers: The Danube travels some 1,075 kilometers (almost 40% of its entire length) through or along Romanian territory, forming the southern frontier with Serbia and Bulgaria. Virtually all of the country's rivers are tributaries of the Danube, either directly or indirectly, and 4 by the time the Danube's course ends in Page This presentation is part of the Comenius project “Art and Science- The Best Ambassadors of the National Values within Europe” plan of activities and it reflects the work of a group of students and teachers from project partner schools. The main source of information was the English version of Wikipedia. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein THE GREAT EUROPEAN GALLERY OF SCIENCE the Black Sea, they account for nearly 40 percent of the total discharge. The most important of these rivers are the Mureş River, the Olt River, the Prut, the Siret River, the Ialomiţa River, theSomeş River, and the Argeş River Enclosed within the great arc of the Carpathians lie the undulating plains and low hills of the Transylvanian Plateau—the largest tableland in the country and the center of Romania. This important agricultural region also contains large deposits of methane gas and salt. To the south and east of the Carpathians, the Sub-Carpathians form a fringe of rolling terrain ranging from 396 to 1,006 meters in elevation. This terrain is matched in the west by the slightly lower Western Hills. The symmetry of Romania's relief continues with the Getic Tableland to the south of the SubCarpathians, the Moldavian Tableland in the east between the SubCarpathians and the Prut River, and the Dobrujan Tableland in the southeast between the Danube and the Black Sea. The Sub-Carpathians and the tableland areas provide good conditions for human settlement and are important areas for fruit growing, viticulture, and other agricultural activity. They also contain large deposits of brown coal and natural gas. Beyond the Carpathian foothills and tablelands, the plains spread south and west. In the southern parts of the country, the lower Danube Plain is divided by the Olt River; east of the river lies the Wallachian Plain, and to the west is the Oltenian or Western Plain. The land here is rich with chernozemic soils and forms Romania's most important farming region. Romania's lowest land is found on the northern edge of the Dobruja region in the Danube Delta.