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University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company 73-2091 OLSON, Susan Raynor, 1945- 1HE ROLE OF BROADCASTING WITHIN THE BRITISH OPEN UNIVERSITY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Speech University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Susan Raynor Olson 1972 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE ROLE OF BROADCASTING WITHIN THE BRITISH OPEN UNIVERSITY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Susan Raynor Olson, B.A., M.F.A. The Ohio State University 1972 Approved by "tiNJbex Department of Speech- Communication PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGME NTS This study would not have been possible without the cooperation of the British Broadcasting Corporation and the Open University. To their respective personnel who gave of their time to me, I thank you. In addition, I would like to thank the Development Fund Committee of The Ohio State University for your financial support of the research effort. To my Dissertation Committee, Drs. Walter B. Emery, I. Keith Tyler, John B. Belland, and Chairman, Dr. Kathryn Schoen, I thank each of you for your helpful guidance. To Miss Sharon Zimmerman, your warm friendship in England was appreciated. To Miss Ann Kotowicz, my husband, Dick, and family, I am grateful for your loving encouragement• I also wish to express appreciation to Lady Jennie Lee for it was her tenacity that helped transform the idea of an "Open University"into a reality. Susan Beth Raynor Olson VITA June 20, 1945* • • • • Born - Nem Hartford, Nee York 1966 ••••••••• B,A. in Sociology, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 1967 ................M.F.A. in Speech, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 1967-69. ............ Speech instructor at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 1969-72. .......... Teaching Associate, Department of Speech Coanunication, The Ohio State University, Oolunbus, Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Mass Ooamunication Studies in Broadcasting. Professors Walter B. Emery, Joseph M. Foley, and Donald R. LeDuc. Studies in Education. Professors I. Keith Tyler, John c. Beiland, and Sidney Eboch. Studies in Rhetoric. Professor Goodwin Berquist. Studies in Communication Theory. Professors Galen R. Rarick and Franklin H. Knower. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................... ii VITA ....................* • . ....................... iii LIST OF TABLES....................................... viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................ X CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................... 1 Purpose of the Study* •••••••••• 1 Significance of the Problem ••••••• 1 Delimitations of the Study............. 7 Review of Research* ••••••••••• 8 Instructional Broadcasting in the United States* •••••••••••• 14 Meaning of No Significant Difference* • • 17 Implications of a Review of the Literature •*•••••••••••• 27 Organization of the Remainder of the Study* •••••••••••••••• 28 II* METHODOLOGY............ 30 III. BRITISH HIGHER EDUCATION.................. 50 Summary............................... 63 IV. THE OPEN UNIVERSITY.......... 65 Objectives............ •••*••••• 65 Admission Criteria ••••••• 71 Organizational Structure..........•••• 72 Staff................ * ............... 75 Operation: Facilities and Cost* • • • • 78 Currxculum* ••*•••••••••••• 81 Degree Requirements ••••••••••• 86 Enrollment* ••••••••••••••• 88 iv CONTENTS (continued) CHAPTER Page IV. (continued) Course Development. ••••••••••• 94 Instructional System. •••••••••• 96 Research and Evaluation ••••••••• 106 Reactions to the Open University. • • • • 109 Summary •••••••.••••••••• Ill V. THE NATURE OF BROADCASTING WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM...................... 115 Planning Activities ••••••••••• 116 Production Activities •••••••••• 147 Utilization Activities. ••••••••• 156 Evaluation Activities •••••••••• 162 Summary ••••••••••••••••• 180 VI. AN EVALUATION OF THE BROADCASTING MODEL WITHIN THE OPEN UNIVERSITY.................. 184 Standards for Evaluating the Open Uni versity Broadcasting Activities. 194 Application of Planning Criteria. • • • • 195 Application of Production Criteria. 200 Application of Utilization Criteria . 204 Application of Evaluation Criteria. 208 Discussion of Evaluation Results.......... 211 Summary ••••••••••••••••• 216 VII. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND RECOMMEN DATIONS 218 The Implications of the Open University • 218 The Implications of the Open University Broadcasting Operation •••••••• 227 Recommendations ••••••••••••• 236 Recommendations for Higher Education in America Based Upon the Open University Concept. ........ 236 Recommendations for the Application of Broadcasting in American Higher Education ••••••••••••• 238 v CONTENTS (continued) CHAPTER Page VII. (continued) Recommendations for the Broad casting Operation within the Open University. ••••••••• 239 Summary ••••••••••••••••• 241 APPENDICES . ........................................242 APPENDIX A. CRITERIA FOR BROADCAST EVALUATION . 243 B. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR BBC PRODUCERS ALLIED TO THE OPEN UNIVERSITY................ 247 C. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR MEMBERS OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY S T A F F ............................ 247 D. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR COURSE TEAM MEMBERS • 249 E. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM FOR OPEN UNIVERSITY TELEVISION PRBSENTORS........................ 251 F. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR OPEN UNIVERSITY COUNSELLORS AND TUTORS ................ 253 G. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR BRITISH EDUCA TIONAL BROADCASTERS.......................... 254 H. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR BRITISH FACULTY MEMBERS....................... 255 I. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR BRITISH JOURNALISTS . 256 J. SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OPEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS .............................. 257 K. STUDY CENTER OBSERVATION SH E E T ............... 259 L. OBSERVATION SHEET FOR THE TUTORIAL SESSIONS....................................260 Vi CONTENTS (continued) APPENDIX Page M. THE OHIO STATE AWARDS ENTRY EVALUATION • . 262 N-l. OPEN UNIVERSITY CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF TELEVISION IN SCIENCE COURSES. ....... 263 N-2. OPEN UNIVERSITY CRITERIA FOR THE OVERALL USB OF TELEVISION........... ••••..•• 264 N-3. OPEN UNIVERSITY CRITERIA FCR THE OVERALL USE OF RADIO .................265 O. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR BBC PRODUCERS OF THE "OPEN FORUM” BROADCASTS. ...........266 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................ 267 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 1. Effects of Televised Learning in the Washington County Public School System* • 15 2. Planning Criteria Ranked by the Panel* * . • 34 3* Production Criteria Ranked by the Panel* • • 36 4* Utilization Criteria Ranked by the Panel • • 37 5* Evaluation Criteria Ranked by the Panel* • • 38 6* Planning Criteria Listed According to Order of Priority .................. 39 7* Production Criteria Listed According to Order of Priority ••••••• ........ 41 8* Utilization Criteria Listed According to Order of Priority • • • *••• 43 9* Evaluation Criteria Listed According to Order of Priority...................... 44 10. Full-Time Staff Employed on Open University Work, July, 1971 ••••••• 77 11* Credits Received 1971 Students ••••••• 87 12. Open University Applicants ••••••.•• 90 13* Occupational Analysis* •••••••••*• 91 14. 1971 and 1972 Occupational Analysis......... 93 15. Research Projects at the Open University • • 107 16. Open University Broadcast Schedule, Saturday, April 8, 1972 ................ 135 17. Educational Broadcasting Criteria Applied to the Open University.................. 190

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