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Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09

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Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5016 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Inset: Larval sucker from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (Photograph taken by Allison Estergard, Student, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 2011.) Top: Photograph taken from the air of the flooded Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. (Photograph taken by Charles Erdman, Fisheries Technician, Williamson River Delta Preserve, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 2008.) Bottom left: Photograph of a pop net used by The Nature Conservancy to collect larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and the Williamson River Delta, Oregon. (Photograph taken by Heather Hendrixson, Director, Williamson River Delta Preserve, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 2006.) Bottom middle: Photograph of a larval trawl used by Oregon State University to collect larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and the Williamson River Delta, Oregon. (Photograph taken by David Simon, Senior Faculty Research Assistant, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 2010.) Bottom right: Photograph of a plankton net used by the U.S. Geological Survey to collect larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake and the Williamson River Delta, Oregon. (Photographer unknown, Klamath Falls, Oregon, 2009.) Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 By Tamara M. Wood, U.S. Geological Survey, Heather A. Hendrixson, The Nature Conservancy, Douglas F. Markle, Oregon State University, Charles S. Erdman, The Nature Conservancy, Summer M. Burdick, U.S. Geological Survey, Craig M. Ellsworth, U.S. Geological Survey, and Norman L. Buccola, U.S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5016 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Wood, T.M., Hendrixson, H.A., Markle, D.F., Erdman, C.S., Burdick, S.M., Ellsworth, C.M., and Buccola, N.L., 2012, Dispersal of larval suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5016, 28 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Objectives and Scope ...................................................................................................................................3 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................4 Larval Datasets......................................................................................................................................4 Hydrodynamic Model ...........................................................................................................................6 Larval Density Simulations .........................................................................................................7 Williamson River Boundary Condition .............................................................................7 Larval Transport, Mortality, and Behavior ......................................................................8 Comparison to Larval Catch Data ....................................................................................8 Response of Larval Transport to Changes in the Landscape at the Williamson River Delta ..........10 Implications of Drift Behavior for Daytime Densities ............................................................................15 Correlation of Simulated Densities to Larval Catch Data ......................................................................18 Discussion .....................................................................................................................................................18 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................24 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................25 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................25 iv Figures Figure 1. Map showing Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, after restoration of the Williamson River Delta was completed in November 2008 …………………… 2 Figure 2. Maps showing three shoreline configurations of the Williamson River Delta between 2007 and 2009, Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon …………… 5 Figure 3. Graphs showing measured larval drift and time series of the model boundary condition for fish density at the Modoc Point Road bridge, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………………………………………………… 9 Figure 4. Wind rose diagrams showing wind direction and speed data collected at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon …………………………… 11 Figure 5. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at larval catch sites (except WR) in the Williamson River Delta, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………… 12 Figure 6. Graphs showing discharge of Williamson River and elevation of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, between May and July 2006–09 ………………………… 12 Figure 7. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at larval catch sites in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………………………………… 13 Figure 8. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at larval catch sites in Agency Lake, Oregon, 2008–09 …………………………………………………… 14 Figure 9. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at site A, Williamson River Delta, Oregon ……………………………………………………………………… 15 Figure 10. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at site B, Williamson River Delta, Oregon ……………………………………………………………………… 16 Figure 11. Graphs showing simulated density of larval suckers at site D, Williamson River Delta, Oregon ……………………………………………………………………… 17 Figure 12. Graphs showing catch density of larval suckers at sites in the Williamson River Delta and at the mouth of the Williamson River, Oregon, 2006–09 ………… 20 Figure 13. Graphs showing catch density of larval suckers at sites in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………………………………………………… 20 Figure 14 Graphs showing catch density of larval suckers at sites in Agency Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 ………………………………………………………………… 21 Tables Table 1. Summary of larval catches in three gear types, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………………………………………………………………… 6 Table 2. Spearman correlation coefficients between the density of larval suckers captured at larval catch sites and the simulated density at each site, Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2006–09 …………………………………… 19 Table 3. Characteristics of the net catches in the drift at Modoc Point Road bridge and for three different gear types, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 …………… 21 v Conversion Factors and Datums Conversion Factors Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) SI to Inch/Pound Multiply By To obtain Length millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.) meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi) Area square meter (m2) 10.76 square foot (ft2) hectare (ha) 0.003861 square mile (mi2) Volume cubic meter (m3) 35.31 cubic foot (ft3) cubic meter (m3) 0.0008107 acre-foot (acre-ft) Flow rate cubic meter per second (m3/s) 35.31 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) Datums Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the Bureau of Reclamation datum, which is 1.78 feet above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27). Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. vi This page intentionally left blank. Dispersal of Larval Suckers at the Williamson River Delta, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2006–09 Tamara M. Wood, U.S. Geological Survey, Heather A. Hendrixson, The Nature Conservancy, Douglas F. Markle, Oregon State University, Charles S. Erdman, The Nature Conservancy, Summer M. Burdick, U.S. Geological Survey, Craig M. Ellsworth, U.S. Geological Survey, and Norman L. Buccola, U.S. Geological Survey
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