1950 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 3187 Ray W. Seiwert Cliffiord L. Stewart Lester A. Van Rooy Carl F. Wlesendanger Roy C. Sell, Jr. "J" "T" Usey, Jr. Lloyd E. Sellman Ernest L. Stewart Vie J. Vaughan James R. Wiggins William H. Sigman Hoyt C. Watkins Lyle H. Sette William S. Stewart Patrick A. C. Verdon Jqseph H. Wilberding Donald G. Silvis Malcolm S. Weir Andrew R. Setzer III · Joseph W. Vessella Lawrence A. Wilder Donald J. Sirdevan Bradford Wells Glenn M. Shaffer Howard H. Stine Anthony L. Vincelett: Tracy H. Wilder, Jr. Gerald L. Smith John B. Wells William C. Shalag Morris E. Stith Vinton C. Vint Johnnie J. Wilkes Hugh J. Smith Harold J. Werst, Jr. Edward J. Shanley Mason L. Stitt Clinton J. Violette Harlan D. Williams Raymond J. Smith James E. Westfall Harry M. Sharp William A. Stone Wayne F. Vollmer Henry J. W1lliams Luther Stephenson Robert B. Williama, Joseph· E. Shaw Graydon T. Stout Victor M. Vissering, Jr.Joe Williams, Jr. George T; Strong Jr. John Shea Lawrence B. Streiff Kenneth W. Wade Paul H. Williams Harry W. Summers Berry D. Willis, Jr. Albert J. Shearn William W. Strong Adrian D. Wagner Robert B. Williams Henry F. Surles, Jr. Joseph H. Wilson, Jr. Doniphan B. Shelton John 0. Stull Theodore_ A. Wagner, Robert E. Williams Cecil 0. Taylor Edgar Wrenn, Jr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr. James L. Sturgeon Jr. Richard E. Williamson Ellsworth Thiem John J. Wright William B. Shepard, James W. Sturgis John F. Walker William T. Wilroy Allen L. Trecartin Leonidas R. Wright Jr. Tom E. Bulick John R. D. Walker Daniel G. Wilshin, Jr. Lawrence F. Twoomey Ronald Sherfy James M. Sullenger Marvin J. Walker Dick G. Wilson Grady w. Sherley Harold H. Sullivan Luther B. Wallace Embree D. Wilson, Jr. Robert O. Sherman John L. Sullivan, Jr. William J. Walsh Frederick G. Wilson Charles Sh·erwood Joseph W. Sullivan Clifford c. Walstrom Gerald H. Wilson Harold L. Shipley, Jr. Will R. Sutherland Joseph F. Walters Harry A. Wilson, Jr. SENATE Richard M. Shively, Jr. Gustaf Swainson, Jr. Marshall D. Ward Herbert B. Wilson Clayton H. Shoemaker Chandler E. Swallow, Leslie B. Ware Irving G. Wilson' MONDAY, MARCH 13, 1950 Alvin L. Short Jr. Robert L. Warner Jenning B. Wilson, Jr. William L. Shull John A. Swank Robert D. Warren Oscar M. Wilson, Jr.

calamity befalling people abroad. It sors of all the resolutions and those who con. Personally I am for strengthen­ took people of vision to found our Federal are interested in the various resolu­ ing the United Nations in any way we Union and pioneer it across this vast tions-and some are interested in two can. I think the United Nations has continent. or three of them, or all of them-have done much good work, but I am thor­ If I may be personal, Mr. President, all done a great deal of good in generat­ oughly convinced that in the present let me state that I made the formation ing public interest by way of an educa­ situation and in the present posture of of a federal union of the democracies a tional process, so to speak, and by obtain­ world affairs the United Nations is not campaign issue in Tennessee in 1948. It ing consideration on the part of the peo­ going to be the answer, now or in the won me votes. I am strengthened in that ple of this and other countries of some years to come, either to the cold war or view by what has happened since. I have method of trying to establish peace by to bringing about and maintaining the continued to urge Atlantic Union, and I law, which is of great concern to people type of peace we must have if we are have found the people in my State urg­ everywhere today. They have all done to avoid destruction. ing me forward. I ha.ve talked on this much good in pointing out the fact that Mr. President, I appreciate the ob­ subject in other States; and I have found never in history, over any long period of servation of the distinguished Senator the people ready everywhere to begin this time, have we been able to rest with any from New Jersey. His 4uestions of the exploration. degree of security on military alliances witnesses before the committee have Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi­ or merely upon treaties or agreements been very searching, showing that he dent, will the Senator yield? on a government-to-government basis; has a great interest in and much in­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the that they have eventually all broken formation regarding this general prob­ Senator from Tennessee yield to the down and have not proved a satisfactory lem. Senator from New Jersey? . system for keeping the peace. The spon­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr . Mr. KEFAUVER. I am very happy to . sors of all the resolutions appreciate, I President, will the Senator yield? yield to the distinguished Senator from believe, the fact that we cannot do these Mr. KEFAUVER. I am glad to yield New Jersey. things on a piecemeal basis, that over a further to the Senator from New Jersey. Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. The Sena­ period of years there will have to be some Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. I thank tor is I think aware, as a result of his system of government in which the peo­ the distinguished Sen.,ator and commend attendance upon the hearings of the sub­ ple themselves, as distinguished from the him for having made a fine contribution committee of the Foreign Relations Com­ Department of State, have an interest, to this discussion. Of course, at a later mittee, that the Senator from New Jersey and over which the people can have some date, after our committee has acted, the · has the greatest possible interest in the control-more particularly, in response subject will be on the floor of the Senate subject now under discussion. I share to the Senator's question, the so-called again. But I feel the Senator from Ten­ the view of the Senator from Tennessee, United World Federalist resolution, nessee has done a real service today in that the more the subject is debated which had a great deal of support. The bringing this over-all picture to us, and ·throughout the country the better it will idea of that resolution is to create, under particularly in presenting the Atlantic be for all. All the approaches are worthy the United Nations, a world federation, Union cause. of exploration. I am entirely in sym­ or at least to invite all the nations of the Mr. KEFAUVER. I appreciate the pathy with the view expressed by the world into a federation, and if some of observation of the Senator from New Senator from Tennessee, that it is not, them do not come, to go ahead with the Jersey. I hope he and other members as the State Departmen ~ might suppose, remaining ones. 1 am afraid, by virtue of the Foreign Relations Committee will a thing to be brushed aside as of no im­ of the fact that it might necessarily mix give the Senate an opportunity of having portance. It is the most important ques­ totalitarian governments and democra­ a full discussion of the various proposals, tion we could consider. I think the Sen­ cies together, that it would not have the and of finding or devising some kind of ator, having attended the hearings, will depth that might be envisioned by the foreign policy which will afford a satis­ recall that the proposals can be broken Atlantic Union resolution. factory answer to the problems with down into three principal groups; one, I shall not go into the objections which which we are now faced, and with which ·the world federation idea; another, the have been made by many persons to the we shall be faced increasingly when the Atlantic Union idea, which is the one the World Federation resolution. The aims Marshall plan and other stop-gap meas­ distinguished Senator is now discussing; and motives are good. We all have the ures we have inaugurated come to an and the third, the more conservative ap­ same general purpose. But it has been end. proach by way of amendment to the pointed out that if we succeeded in bring­ Mr. President, the State Department United Nations' Charter. In all those ing all the nations together, we would looks through its mirrored windows and proposals I am profoundly interested. I probably have but another United Na­ sees the American _people ready to enter will appreciate it if the Senator will say tions, or perhaps something a little bet­ entangling alliances, ready to make the a word, comparing those approaches, and ter; and tha_t, if we did not succeed in hydrogen bomb, but it sees them unready indicating his reason for feeling that the bringing them all together, we would even to explore whether they can win Atlantic union approach is probably to have gone through a useless step. simply by forming an Atlantic Union. be preferred. I may say the question has Our position with respect to the At­ It is our constitutional function, been presented to me as a member of the lantic Union is that it is better to begin rather than that of the State Depart­ subcommittee-and I am glad to explore with a hard core of democratic peoples ment, to decide how ready the people with the Senator-Does the Atlantic who appreciate individual liberties, who are. We are in a much better position to union approach suggest the possibility have certain rights guaranteed to them judge the pulse beat of the people than is of a balance of power being set up in the by the constitutions under which they any diplomat. world, and is it desirable at this time? live, who want peace by law, and who Here is' an example of how uninformed Is the world federalist approach wiser, favor democracy. If it is possible to since it considers the entire world pic­ start with a group such a-s that, with a well-meaning person can be. In the ture? Or should we proceed by the way people who have done business together interesting campaign for the United of a more searching amendment of the and who have seen governments func­ States Senate in New York last fall the ~ United Nations Charter? tion under democratic constitutions then distinguished junior Senator from New Mr. KEFAUVER. I appreciate very there will be a chance of making a suc­ York [Mr. LEHMAN], who has much ex­ ' much the observation of the distin­ cess, with the door left open for other perience in learning what the people guished Senator from New Jersey, who peoples to come in when they are able want through elective offices, was op­ is a member of the Foreign Relations and enjoy the guaranties we have posed by former Senator John Foster Committee. I had the privilege of at­ under our Constitution and which may Dulles, the eminent Republican authority tending a great many hearings of the be provided for them. on int~rnational relations. subcommittee, and I have read that part The other types of resolution call for The gentleman from · New York who of the hearings which I did not hear in the elimination of the veto power of sits with us had previously joined the person. As the Senator has suggested, one nation in the United Nations, and council of the Atlantic Union Commit­ there are three general approaches which a strengthening of the United Nations tee. In the course of the campaign he have been made to the problem. Let me in various · and sundry ways. We, of issued a much stronger stat3ment in say in that connection, I thin~{ the spon'- course; all- know the objections pro and favor of S:mate · Co:::icurrent Resolution 3212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .MARCH 13 57, saying notably, as reported in the vention and the ratification proceed­ moment. We must also judge what they New York Times, as follows: ings, we would develop all the other soul­ may be think:ing later~n second, thtrd Passage of the Atlantic Union resolution searching we needed. The exchange or fourth thought, in the light of events. : :=iems to me one of the most important acts closed with this colloquy: Some of us must consider now, in rela­ which the United States Congress can take Mr. KEFAUVER. Instead of saying here we tion to this issue, what the people will in the field of international relations to pre­ are against everything • • • why don't be ready for 6 months from now, in the vent war, stop, communism, and avert world you say • • • that we want to stud'y light of the situation the people will face economic collapse. • • • this thing, we would like for Congress to in November. Others of us must con­ The next step should be recognition that debate? I don't know of any better way to sider now what the people will be ready mere agreements between governments­ generate study than to have a full dress de­ pacts, alliances-have never endured. • • • bate on the floor of the Senate, do you? for in 1952 or in 1954 in the light of all On the other hand, no agreement between Mr. HICKERSON. No, sir. I think that is an that will happen 9etween now and then. sovereign citizens to unite in a federal union excellent place. We must have vision, or we go down in has ever failed. • • • Mr. KEFAUVER. Don't you think that would defeat. The Atlantic Union resolution does not be a good idea? I appeal to the State Department to itself commit the Congress or the people of Mr. HICKERSON. I think it would be an ex­ think in these terms. the United States to anything beyond par­ cellent idea. I regret that I am prompted to deal ticipation in a convention of nations that Mr. KEFAUVER. That is all I wanted, Mr. harshly with the State Department at sponsored the Atlantic Pact. • • • If Chairman. union were ratified, it would require no this moment when it is under fire from amendment of the UN Charter and hence I then left iJut I should add in all fair­ another quarter. We have not declared would not face the danger of a Russian veto. ness that later when Mr. Hickerson re­ open season on this important branch It would, indeed, enormously strengthen turned to the stand he put in the record of the executive department. I bear the the UN. • • • a qualification of his last answer, saying State Department no ill will. I hold no The calling o;f a Federal convention con­ it "was not to be interpreted as support­ grudge against the distinguished Secre­ stitutes bold, positive action, worthy of the ing the passage and approval by this sub­ tary of State.or any of his principal aides. leadership of the United States. • • • committee of the Foreign Relations I have, in the past, supported the policies I urge that congressional committees now they recommended to Congress. speak studying foreign affairs security measures Committee of Senate Concurrent Reso­ t assign top priority to the Atlantic Union lution 57 which in my statement I said as their friend. Because I am their resolution. we could not support." friend, I cannot join the Chicago Tribune Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will the in applauding the course they have taken The opponent of Senator LEHMAN, Mr. Senator yield? in the matter before us. The Chicago Dulles, also announced publicly that, if The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Tribune's editorial comment on the argu­ elected, he would vote for the Atlantic Senator from Tennessee yield to the ments of Mr. Rusk and Mr. Hickerson Union resolution. He explained that the Senator from New York? is enlightening. I quote a portion of it: North Atlantic Treaty Council does not Mr. KEFAUVER. I am glad to yield The arguments of the two gentlemen are now have adequate authority to estab­ to the distinguished Senator from New not unfamiliar to the Tribune. We have lish a genuine common defense. York. made all of them repeatedly since the infat­ That is one of the matters-- Mr. LEHMAN. I was very much in­ uation for One World began to obtain cur­ rency. Now the State Department has come Our former colleague, Mr. Dulles, terested to hear the quotations from over to our side. Miracles do happen. said- statements I made during the campaign, which could and should be considered by an in which I expressed my support of the I cannot join Colonel McCormick in Atlantic Union Convention. There are eco­ Atlantic-Union resolution. I merely his co~mendation. I must join with nomic and monetary problems that ought to wish at this time to say that when the other such friends of the State Depart­ be considered in accordance with the Federal resolution comes before the Senate I ment as the editor of the Minneapolis principle, that matters which are of common shall vote for it, as I announced on many Morning Tribune who, in expressing his c9ncern should be dealt with through an occasions and at some.length during the shock at this incredible new position of agency dedicated to the interests of all those campaign. the State Department, says: concerned. Mr. KEFAuVER. I appreciate the The Chicago Tribune has every right to So, we had both candidates for the statement of the distinguished Senator claim a great victory for its poin1; of view. United States Senate from the great from New York, and I want to say that The American State Department has climbed State of New York committed to Atlantic his statement, giving the reasons for his Into bed with it. Union. The campaign was the subject support of the resolution, is one of the I must join another old friend of the of many newspaper articles, editorials, most noteworthy and convincing state­ State Department, the Dallas t Government of divided powers, or, put­ history-and the tomorrows are full of the challenge. The British, the French, and ting it in another way, it is a Govern­ them-may bring a change sooner than ourselves recognized the opposition govern.;. ment made up of three branches, each we expect. I see no real cause for nega­ ment of Bao Dai. In Asia it is completely branch having its particular functions to appreciate that the Russians have declared a tive thinking, for defeatist thought. We subversive war on the rest of non-Commu­ perform. We all know that in the realm may differ wi_th what we think is the ap­ nist Asia and ourselves. I wonder if the sig­ of foreign affairs-and that is what we proach being taken at this time; and, nificance of that choosing up of sides has are discussing when we are talking about Mr. President, please understand, I am really come home to us here in the United taking certain steps or adopting certain not talking about the resolutions which States. plans or methods-the President pos­ are pending before the s.ubcommittee of In the face of this Russian declaration of sesses plenary and exclusive power as which I am a member; I am talking about further conquest beyond China, with the the sole organ of the Federal Govern­ Russians having demonstrated that they do the Secretary's position, which he has know bow to wage this kind of war, the non­ ment in the field of international af­ made pretty clear, that for the time be­ Communist Asiatics wonder if the poet fairs. That does not stem from any act ing at least we should take no steps. Shelley does describe us, if we indeed are "An of Congress, nor is it a constitutional Though we may differ with what we ineffectual angel beating in the void his grant. think is the approach at this time, it is luminous wings in vain." As suggested, the power of the Federal more important that we recognize and They want to be on our side if we're safe Government in foreign affairs exists abide by the rules of the game, the rules to be with-if we can be relied upon to stick irrespective of the Constitution itself. of constitutional government, which with them when the going gets bad. The authority resides in the President What is there we can do to justify their have maintained the Republic since the reliance upon us? What are the elements in because he has a better opportunity of days of its inception. Those rules laid that area that we can pull together for the knowing conditions which prevail in for­ down provide that in dealing with a for­ sake of the people there as well as for our eign countries, since to him, through the eign situation the President has control. · peace and security? As a line of departure State Department, come the reports of I repeat, Mr. President, while the con­ I , accept the statement of the Secretary of our ambassadors, ministers, and other State that "It iS' hardly necessary for me to stitutional provision is that it is the busi­ say that an attack on the Philippines could agents of Government whose function it ness particularly of the Senate to advise is to know what is going on. not and would not be tolerated by the United with the President in relation to foreign States, but I hasten to add that no one per­ However, Mr. President, in view of the matters, there is some difference of opin­ ceives the imminence of any such attack." "advice" provision of the Constitution, ion as to whether that function exists Let us see how, even at this late day, this in view of the fact that there is con­ before ·or just after the President has defense could be accomplished. stitutional power in the Senate once the submitted to the Senate the subject on Southeast Asia stretches from the subcon­ President has exercised his plenary power which he wants advice. Be that as it tinent of India to the Australia subcontinent. and has arrived at a conclusion in rela­ In the center of this great south Asian tri­ may, we cannot be supertechnical. We angle lie the spreading culture of southeast tion to foreign relations which might are ail human. · We are interested in Asia-on the ludo-Chinese Peninsula, on be reduced to a treaty, there is the power seeking to find the answer which will Burma, Siam, and Malaya; on the island arc of the Senate to agree or disagree to bring that peace which is the consum­ at its base the archipelagoes of Indonesia such a treaty, and in view of the fact mation so devoutly to be wished, to bring and the Philippines. that one of the significant committees that peace· which will come only when Within this triangle live almost 600,000,000 is that on foreign relations, it would ap­ people, or about 25 percent of humanity. the hearts and minds of men are tegen­ The first thing we have to do is to recognize pear that the seriousness of the situa­ erated, or born again. tion calls for the closest collaboration, in that the theater is one theater-Burma, In­ this period of world stress, between the Mr. President, there was called to my dia, Siam, Indochina, Manila, Malaya, For­ attention today an address by Gen. mosa, Korea, Japan. executive department and the Congress. That it is all one in spite of the differences No one can look around the corner of William J. Donovan, which he delivered at , on February 16, that Ile between. That it is one in which tomorrow and see what is going to turn victories won, time gained, or material sal­ up. The period is indeed one that calls 1950, on receiving the Alexander Hamil­ vaged in Indochina or Formosa may greatly for humility and wisdom and, as sug­ ton Medal of the Association of the help in an intelligent defense of the Philip­ gested by the Senator from Tennessee, Alumni of Columbia College. It is a pines or in the reconstruction of Burma or without wisdom the people perish. There speech based upon findings which he Indonesia. must be wisdom to enable the omcials to made relating to his own experiences in When we look at our map and wipe out of the Far East. our minds the wartime artificial separation know the appropriate steps to take. into theaters of operation we see that the The position of the Secretary of State I ask unanimous consent that the western Pacific is a strategic unit of which today, judging from his statement, is speech be printed in the RECORD follow­ the Philippines are an integral part. definitely that for the present, at least, ing my remarks. There is disorder to the point of chaos in he feels that no good will come from There being no objection, the address Burma. Yet it is the bulwark before India urging Mr. Stalin to meet and talk things was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and only speedy political and economic re­ over. We are given no alternative by form can save it from Soviet exploitation. In as follows: Indochina the Soviet has picked Ho Chi­ the Secretary except the task of creat­ The Soviet Union has completed the con­ Minh to do there what they used Mao to do ing areas of strength throughout the quest of China, and this has been given in China proper. In Malaya the British are world, and hoping that in due season the formal approval by the 30-year P.eace treaty. contending against a campaign· of ambush Kremlin will let us know when it wants Throughout the Far East this marks a and assassination by the Malayan Commu­ to talk. That is substantially the Sec­ defeat for the United States. nist Party. retary's position, and speaking for the This victory now makes Russia the domi­ · Japan and its associated islands 1,600 miles President, he is within the field whe.re nant power in _Asia as well as in Europe. from the Philippines give it protection from 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3215 the north, and Formosa, almost halfway be­ city, caught the Soviets fiatfooted with sur­ er and the city worker have everything to tween, must be denied to enemy occupation prise. gain through mutual political action as by National China until next June at least. General Clay saw that if the Soviets in­ voters. Indonesia is the master key for the defense tended war-war could not be avoided by a The political-education campaign has al­ of the Philippines because with. Malaya it retreat from Berlin. On the contrary, it ready begun with a five-times-a-week radio forms a protective shield against the south, would mean that we would be driven progres­ commentary that goes out from Washington, and that shield is given depth by Australia, sively to weaker positions. He saw too that under AFL sponsorship, over a Nation-wide only 300 miles south of it. Strategically, if Russia was bluffing-that the moment had network. Another new feature is an FM southeast Asia is of more than local interest. come to call the bluff or to surrender the ini· radio network, centered around Station Whoever controls the Straits of Malaca and tiative he had won. WCFM.in Washington, owned by the Cooper­ Singapore dominates a sea route comparable The courageous and common-sense action ative League of the United States of America. in importance with the Panama Canal. of General Clay in that crisis is a guide and It has a land line to a New York station, Indonesia is an island gate between the an example for us all. WFDR, which belongs to the AFL's Interna­ Pacific and the Indian Ocean. In 1942 Japan We have shown our great desire for peace tional Ladies' Garment Workers Union. The took the islands and broke out of the Pacific with Russia and our willingness to settle garment workers also run stations in Los An­ to extend its operations as far west as Ceylon. differences. But we have learned that up to geles and Chattanooga. Washington pro­ The Indian Ocean may well be the warm­ now at least agreement with the Russians is grams are put on recording tape and sent to water target that Russia has always sought. a hopeless illusion. the Detroit and Cleveland stations of the The American naval and air bases in the We now see that what happens in Berlin CIO's United Auto Workers. Joseph C. Philippines are only a thousand miles from or in Peking has its repercussions in every Harsch writes in the Christian Science Moni­ Saigon in French Indochina. area of the world where our country and the tor that this new politically conscious radio Indonesia is the most important of the Soviet Union face each other. It is a war of network has been created to promote the southeast Asian countries that have emerged subversion on a global scale-in which Russia point of view of labor unions, the cooperative from colonial status into ·nationhood. An is trying to whipsaw us from one side of movement, the American Farm Bureau Fed­ archipelago stretching nearly 4,000 miles, or the world to the other. eration, and Americans for Democratic Ac­ one-seventh of the way around the earth, We must win now the war in which we tion, for these are the influences behind it. and having some 750,000 square miles of land find ourselves. It is a war which on many All this illustrates what New York Times area, and a population of 75,000,000. fronts Russia has been waging and winning. Columnist Arthur Krock calls the superior It is probably the most westernized of the A war that we can lose without a shot being articulation of the left. Krock thinks that far eastern countries. Its economic, finan­ fired. A war that if we win may make im­ by taking full advantage of Government-li­ cial, and even its transport system are based possible a shooting war. We can neither censed radio and the canons of responsible upon Western models. It is even hy modern buy our way out nor appease our way out. journaJism in the United States, the left has standards rich in resources, and is fully able Our strength must be found in ourselves­ become increasingly active in promoting its to repay any loans advanced to it for recon­ in our decision and in our resolution. cause in print and on the air. He expects struction and capital expenditures. that this perfected and enlarged publicity Its top leadership is anti-Communist by POLITICAL CENSORSHIP OF RADIO of the left, better than the moderates have conviction. Although on lower levels there Mr. FERGUSON. Recent important now or ever had, will reach a peak of activity is needed experience in organization and ad­ during this year's election. ministration, the government in control is developments have come to my atten­ tion which indicate that the Federal Donald Richberg, the former NRA Admin­ about the best that could l>e obtained. The istrator, writes in the Harvard Business Re­ four or five leading men are competent and Communications Commission may be view that the insidious doctrine that we must honest. They seek United States technical using its authority over radio stations cr.eate a sort of modified national socialism advice both of an industrial and military for political censorship. If this is so it in the United States needs to be fought with nature. If we could meet this request for is of vital concern to every Member of the same skill with which it is being propa­ aid as well as counsel, our position would the Senate and to the country. Radio gated. He thinks that it is time for moder­ gain strength from the fact that for the last has become one of the most important ates to organize themselves or be fiattened by 2 years we have carried out a policy there, the steam rollers of left-wing propaganda. consistent, definite, and to a degree success­ means of communicating ideas. It has vast propaganda leverage. Unless fairly Raymond Moley carries the idea further by ful. writing in Newsweek that, outside the Re­ In addition our Ambassadors in the vital administered by our Government it can publican and Democratic Parties, there countries of India, Siam, and Indonesia are become a weapon for political oppres­ should be developed a nationally organized men of training, experience, and understand­ sion. group Which cannot only create and propa­ ing. They already have the respect and My concern over this question has gate a clear political program bu1i help suit­ friendship of those countries to which they been aroused by a very significant edi­ able Republican and Democratic candidates are accredited. to win elections. There is general agreement among those torial appearing in the Saturday Eve­ whose opinion should be given weight that ning Post for March 4. It is so impor­ Right now, the moderate forces are still Russia has a program in southeast Asia and disunited. But certainly the concentration tant that I believe I must take the time of left-wing pressure can't be permitted to that the ·timetable for that program has now to read it to the Senat~: been stepped up in an endeavor to take full throw the Nation's political sense completely MUST PROPAGANDA BE THE MONOPOLY OF OUR out of balance. Or can it? advantage of the momentum from their LEFTISTS? speedy victories in China. Political pressure is pretty nearly a left­ In confirmation of the points raised The urgency requires leadership now. It . by the Saturday Evening Post editorial requires a leader-whether you call him a wing monopoly these days. Moderates and supreme commander or a high commissioner conservatives are way behind in propagan­ there is the case of a radio licensee who with the authority, the experience, and the dizing the public, while a well-oiled organi­ owns five radio stations and who is known ability to deal with political as well as mili­ zation triumvirate seeks to push the country to have strong political views which have tary problems. He should be vested with the faster and faster toward the hand-out state. been identified by the House Un-Ameri­ discretion to deal with those problems on the. First among these pressure outfits is Amer­ can Activities Committee through his as­ spot and should be located in the theater icans. for Democratic Action. It is run by sociation with numerous Red-front or­ close enough to see it at first hand, yet not people who became big names in the Roose­ so close as to lose his perspective. velt administrations, and who are hankering ganizations. So far as I have been able The cooperation of the British, the French, for a super-. It works hand in to learn the personal views of this indi­ and the Dutch would be eagerly given and hand with the CIO's Political Action Com­ vidual have not provoked any action on they know our leadership is needed. The mittee and with the AFL's Labor's League the part of the Commission with relation establishment of such leadership would be for Political Education. to ownership or operation of hls station. welcomed by the people of the countries con­ The AFL decided at its last convention to On the other hand, I am informed that cerned and would allay their present fear assess its 7,000,000 members $2 apiece for the Commission has vigorously investi­ that we would abandon them. "political education" work during the 1950 We must make clear t o them that having elections. It is committed to defeat eight gated another station owner who has ex­ picked our friends we will stay with them Republican Senators, including ROBERT A. pressed strong personal views which ap­ to the finish whatever the consequence. TAFT, and is putting its money and pull be­ pear to be pro-Republican and anti­ We have a precedent for this action. hind five Democrats and three Republicans. communist. In June 1948 Russia, in the Berlin blockade, According to AFL Tactician Joseph D. Kee­ With this information and these cir­ employed a menacing and dangerous tactic nan, the public has to be educated against cumstances before me this morning, I to test the will of the West~rn Allies and to the Taft-Hartley law, and in favor of welfare stop the European recovery program at the legislation, farm-price supports, and crop­ telephoned Mr. Benedict Cottone, gen­ outset. · storage legislation. Keenan calls for a farm­ eral counsel for the Federal Communica­ General Clay met the challenge with bold­ er-labor bloc under the slogan that the ene­ tions Commission, to inquire whether the ness and resolution. The dramatic success of mies of labor are also the enemies of the Commission had taken a position with "Operation Vittles" which maintained Ber­ farmer. He· figures it this way: Since our respect to the matters referred to in tha lin's food supply-despite -~he seizure of the enemies are in common, the individual farm- Saturday Evening Post editorial. 3216 CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SENATE iv'.IARCH 13 I specifically asked whether any in­ designed to be of use after the termination 1'itle II of this bill authorizes the transfer vestigations had been started as to .the of hostilities. As the war progressed, how­ of all the Federal interest in these remain­ ~ver, housing became needed in great quan­ ing veterans' reuse projects, provided that activities of radio licensees who had tities in areas such as· shipbuilding centers, where the land is owned by the Federal Gov­ shown strong political bias or who were where there appeared to be little likelihood ernment payment shall be made to it for in a position to use radio stations for of its continued usefulness after the end of ~uch land. It is believed that under this au­ avowed propaganda purposes. Mr. Cot­ the war. This, together with increasing thorization it will be possible for the Federal tone told me that the Commission had shortages of labor and materials and the Government to divest itself of substantially taken no action in cases of this kind. great speed with which housing was needed, all of its interest in the vetera!lS' reuse pro­ These are peculiar circumstances-on led to the construction of housing of a purely gram and to turn the responsibility therefor the one hand the report of the investi­ temporary character. Finally, after the ter­ over to appropriate local bodies. mination of hostilities, the Congress author­ TEMPORARY WAil. HOUSING gation of a licensee who was a supporter ized the ·reuse of temporary war housing of Republican doctrines, and on the and of barracks for relocation and conver­ I come next to the temporary housing other hand the failure to . investigate sion into temporary housing for the use of which was built during the war. At the time other radio licensees whose Personal returning veterans. it was built, this housing was considered td views show strong political bias in an . I propose to discuss the problems relating be an expendable war cost, and under the to these types of housing and the solutions ~anham Act it was contemplated that it opposite direction. would, in general, be removed wit hin 2 years Let me make clear that. I have no ob­ proposed in the pending legislation, begin­ ning first with the veterans' housing, next after the eiid of the emergency. Out of some jection to fair rules being. laid down 435,o.oo units of such temporary hous~ng, ap­ ~aking up temporary ·housing, and, finally, to permit any licensee to operate his the remaining permanent housing. proximately 255,000 units have ·been· dis­ station in the public interest, or to per­ :rosed of. The housing disposed of was in mit the views of any organization to be VETERANS' REUSE HOUSING localities where the termination of· defense fairly presented to the radio audience. I Some 267,000 units of veterans' reuse hous­ activities made its ramoval possible, and ing were developed subsequent to the termi­ much of it was reused in the production of think the United States Senate should nation of hostilities. This housing was veterans' housing which I have just dis­ be interested in checking into the fair­ made available to educational institutions cussed. ness of the Commission in applying its for use of student veterans and to cities and The 180,000 units of temporary housing rules and into the question of possible other public and quasi-public bodies which· now remaining are substantially all in lo­ bias in their application. wished to provide housing for returning vet­ calities where acute housing shortaaes have If radio-station owners of one particu­ erans. . There were two· principal methods in made its ·continued use imperative. The orig-· lar leaning are being fa:vored and· those which this housing was provided. In the inal requjrements for the removal · of this first method the educational institution or temporary housing have been :eeveral · times of opposite leaning are being frowned local body provided a site and the Federal upon, clearly then the Commission is. extended. by the Co!lgress, and present legis­ Government undertook the costs of reerect­ lation calls for its removal by January 1, embarking upon the dangerous course of ing temporary housing thereon. In this case 1951, except in cases,where; a:(ter. consulta­ political censorship. the educational institutions or local bodies tion with the localities involved,. the Hous­ AMENDMENT OF THE NATIONAL HOUS­ undertook to pay to the Government all net ing and Home Finance Administrator finds revenues derived from the projects after pay­ ING ACT, AS AMENDED that continuing housing shortages warrant ment of necessary operating expenses. In its further use. In almost all of the com­ The Senate resumed the consideration the other type of operation the Federal Gov­ munities where temporary housing is still in of the bill

CONCLUSION The motion was agreed to; and