M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report
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Road Investment Strategy M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report October 2016 V 3.0, October 2016 Registered office Bridge House, 1 Walnut Tree Close, Guildford GU1 4LZ Highways England Company Limited registered in England and Wales number 09346363 M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Highway England’s information and use in relation to the M25 Junction 28 Improvements. Atkins Ltd assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. Document control The Project Manager is responsible for production of this document, based on the contributions made by his/her team existing at each Stage. Document Title M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report Author Env Team. Co-ordinator: Sarah Wallis Owner Piotr Grabowiecki Distribution HE Reviewers, Atkins Team Document Status Final Revision History This document is updated at least every stage. Version Date Description Author Checked Reviewed Authorised by by by Env SLW VA & NW PG 1.0 22/07/16 First draft Team Revised draft with SLW NW PG Noise & Air Quality and Env 2.0 10/10/2016 addressing comments Team from Highways England Env SLW NW PG 3.0 26/10/2016 Final Team Reviewer List Name Role Victoria Allen Technical Review - Environment Pete George Atkins Project Manager Henry Penner HE PTS Environmental Advisor Piotr Grabowiecki, Eze HE Integrated Project Team Onah, Andrew Salmon. Approvals The Project SRO is accountable for the content of this document Name Signature Title Date of Issue Version Andrew Salmon HE Project SRO i i M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report Table of Contents Glossary ................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction and Context ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 . Background 1 1.2 . Location of project 1 1.3 . Environmental overview 2 1.4 . Purpose of the environmental study report 2 1.5 . Scope and Content 3 1.6 . Structure of the environmental study report 3 2 Background to the Project .................................................................................... 5 2.1 . Existing junction characteristics 5 2.2 . Current problems 5 2.3 . Regulatory framework 6 2.4 . Strategic objectives 7 2.5 . Scheme objectives 7 2.6 . Highways England Strategic Performance Indicators / Key Performance Indicators 8 2.7 . Environmental impact assessment 9 2.8 . Construction, operation and long term management 9 3 Description of Proposed Options ........................................................................ 10 3.1 . Overview 10 3.2 . Option 2 - Two lane northern loop 10 3.3 . Option 4 – Two lane compact northern loop 10 3.4 . Option 5A - Single lane cloverleaf, affecting rail bridge 11 3.5 . Option 5B - Single lane cloverleaf, widening M25 11 3.6 . Option 5C - Single lane cloverleaf, no works required to M25 12 3.7 . Option 5D - Two lane cloverleaf with structure over the M25 12 3.8 . Option 5E - Two lane cloverleaf with structure under M25. 13 3.9 . Option 5F – Two lane cloverleaf 13 3.10 Option 6 – Two lane southern link 13 4 Alternatives Considered ..................................................................................... 15 4.1 . Option development 15 5 Environmental Assessment Methodology .......................................................... 19 5.1 . General approach 19 5.2 . Scoping 20 5.3 . Value / sensitivity, magnitude and significance criteria 22 ii ii M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report 5.4 . Mitigation design, enhancement and monitoring measures 23 6 Landscape .......................................................................................................... 24 6.1 . Introduction 24 6.2 . Assessment methodology 24 6.3 . Study area 26 6.4 . Baseline conditions 26 6.5 . Regulatory/Policy Framework 30 6.6 . Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 35 6.7 . Potential significance of effects 35 6.8 . Summary of landscape and visual effects 46 6.9 . Summary and Recommendations 47 6.10 Limitations to assessment 48 7 Cultural Heritage ................................................................................................ 49 7.1 . Introduction 49 7.2 . Assessment methodology 49 7.3 . Study area 50 7.4 . Baseline conditions 50 7.5 . Regulatory/Policy framework 59 7.6 . Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 60 7.7 . Potential effects 61 7.8 . Limitations to assessment 63 7.9 . Summary and recommendations 63 8 Nature Conservation .......................................................................................... 65 8.1 . Introduction 65 8.2 . Assessment methodology 65 8.3 . Study area 69 8.4 . Baseline conditions 70 8.5 . Design, mitigation enhancement and monitoring measures 84 8.6 . Potential effects 86 8.7 . Limitations to assessment 88 8.8 . Summary and recommendations 89 9 Air Quality ........................................................................................................... 90 9.1 . Introduction 90 9.2 . Assessment methodology 90 9.3 . Study area 91 9.4 . Baseline conditions 92 9.5 . Regulatory/Policy Framework 103 iii iii M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report 9.6 . Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 106 9.7 . Potential Effects 106 9.8 . Limitations to assessment 112 9.9 . Summary and recommendations 112 10 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................... 114 10.1 Introduction 114 10.2 Assessment methodology 114 10.3 Study area 116 10.4 Baseline conditions 116 10.5 Regulatory / Policy framework 117 10.6 Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 119 10.7 Potential effects 121 10.8 Limitations to assessment 135 11 Road Drainage and the Water Environment ..................................................... 136 11.1 Introduction 136 11.2 Assessment methodology 136 11.3 Study area 137 11.4 Baseline conditions 137 11.5 Regulatory / Policy Framework 140 11.6 Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 142 11.7 Potential effects 143 11.8 Potential effects 145 11.9 Limitations to assessment 147 11.10 Summary and Recommendations 148 12 Geology and Soils ............................................................................................ 150 12.1 Introduction 150 12.2 Assessment methodology 150 12.3 Study area 150 12.4 Baseline conditions 150 12.5 Regulatory / Policy framework 160 12.6 Preliminary engineering assessment 161 12.7 Potential effects 169 12.8 Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 174 12.9 Limitations to assessment 176 13 Materials and Waste ......................................................................................... 177 13.1 Introduction 177 13.2 Assessment methodology 177 iv iv M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report 13.3 Study area 178 13.4 Baseline conditions 178 13.5 Regulatory/Policy framework 179 13.6 Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 180 13.7 Potential effects 183 13.8 Limitations to assessment 184 14 People and Communities ................................................................................. 185 14.1 Introduction 185 14.2 Assessment methodology 185 14.3 Study area 188 14.4 Baseline conditions 189 14.5 Regulatory/Policy Framework 192 14.6 Design, mitigation, enhancement and monitoring measures 193 14.7 Potential Effects 194 14.8 Limitations to assessment 201 15 Cumulative effects ............................................................................................ 202 15.1 Introduction 202 15.2 Baseline 202 15.3 Potential effects 202 15.4 Indication of any difficulties encountered 203 16 Outline Environmental Management Plan ........................................................ 204 16.1 Introduction 204 16.2 Client Scheme Requirements (Environment) 204 16.3 Outline of EMP Requirements 204 17 Summary of effects .......................................................................................... 211 17.1 Introduction 211 17.2 Option 2 – Two lane northern loop 211 17.3 Option 4 – Two lane compact northern loop 214 17.4 Option 5A, 5B and 5C - Single lane cloverleaf variants 216 17.5 Option 5D and 5E - Two lane cloverleaf 219 17.6 Option 6 – Two lane southern link 222 Appendices Appendix A: Location Plan ..................................................................................... 225 Appendix B: Environmental Constraints Plan ......................................................... 226 Appendix C: Scheme Layout Plans ........................................................................ 227 Appendix D: Landscape Appendices...................................................................... 228 Appendix E: Heritage Assessment Appendices ..................................................... 229 v v M25 Junction 28 Improvements Environmental Study Report Appendix F: Ecological Legislation ......................................................................... 230 Appendix G: Air Quality Assessment Appendices .................................................. 231 Appendix H: Water Environment Assessment Appendices .................................... 232 Appendix I: Enviro check report ............................................................................. 233 Appendix J: Geology Figures ................................................................................