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Scaling Measures and Improvement of Data Collection

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Scaling Measures and Improvement of Data Collection Quality Criteria for the Safety Assessment of Cars Based on Real-World Crashes Scaling Measures and Improvement of Data Collection Report of Sub-Task 1.3/4.3 CEA/EC SARAC II QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE SAFETY ASSESSME OF CARS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASHES Funded by the European Commission, Directorate General TREN SARAC II Quality Criteria for the Safety Assessment of Cars based on Real-World Crashes Project Number: SUB/B 27020B-E3.S0717321-2002 REPORT of Sub-task 1.3 Scaling Measures and Improvement of Data Collection Brian Fildes, Liam Fechner, and Astrid Linder Monash University Accident Research Centre Melbourne, Australia November 2005 CEA/EC SARAC II QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE SAFETY ASSESSME OF CARS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASHES Funded by the European Commission, Directorate General TREN International Project Management Comité Européen des Assurances (CEA) Prof. Dr. Klaus Langwieder SARAC Members European Commission (EC) Comité Européen des Assurances (CEA) DG TREN 26 Boulevard Haussmann 28 Rue Demot FR-75009 Paris B-1040 Brussels Monash University Helsinki University of Technology Accident Research Centre (MUARC) Laboratory of Transportation Engineering Building 70, P.O. Box 2100 Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia FIN-02015 HUT, Finland BMW Group Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen Centro Zaragoza Vehicle Safety (BASt) Instituto de Investigación Sobre D-80788 München Brüderstraße 53 Reparación de Vehiculos, S.A. D-51427 Bergisch Gladbach Carretera Nacional 232, km 273 E-50690 Pedrola (Zaragoza) DaimlerChrysler AG Department for Transport FIA Foundation for the Automobile Zone 1/29a Great Minister House and Society D-71059 Sindelfingen 76 Marsham Street 8 Place de la Concorde London, SW1P 4DR United Kingdom Paris 75008 France Ministry of Transport and Finnish Motor Insurers’ Centre FOLKSAM Insurance Group Communications of Finland (VALT) Research/Traffic Safety P.O. Box 31 Bulevardi 28, S-106 60 Stockholm FIN 0023 Helsinki FIN-00120 Helsinki Ford Motor Company German Insurance Association (GDV) Honda Motor Europe Safety Data Analysis (SDA) German Insurance Institute for Traffic Wijngaardveld 1 Automotive Safety Office (ASO) Engineering 9300 Aalst Belgium Köln-Merkenich / Spessartstraße Friedrichstrasse 191, D-10117 Berlin D-50725 Köln Insurance Institute for Highway ITARDA IVT Heilbronn Safety (IIHS) & Institute for Traffic Accident Research Institut für Verkehrs- und Highway Loss Data Institute (HLDI) and Data Analysis Tourismusforschung e. V. 1005 N. Glebe Road Kojimachi Tokyu Bldg. 6-6 Kojimachi, Kreuzäckerstr. 15 Arlington, VA 22201 USA Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0083 Japan D-74081 Heilbronn Japanese Automobile Research Laboratory of Accidentology, Loughborough University Institute (JARI) Biomechanics and Human Behaviour Vehicle Safety Research Centre 2530 Karima, Tsukuba PSA Peugeot-Citroën/RENAULT Holywell Building Loughborough Ibaraki 305-0822, Japan (LAB) Leicestershire LE 11 3 UZ UK 132 Rue des Suisses 92000 Nanterre (France) National Organisation for Automotive Swedish Road Administration (SRA) Technische Universität Safety and Victims Aid (NASVA) Röda Vägen Braunschweig 6-1-25, Kojimachi Chiyoda-Ku, S-78187 Borlange Institut für Mathematische Stochastik Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan Pockelsstr. 14 D-38106 Braunschweig Verband der Automobilindustie (VDA) Volkswagen AG Westendstr. 61 1777 Unfallforschung D-60325 Frankfurt/Main D-38436 Wolfsburg CEA/EC SARAC II QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE SAFETY ASSESSME OF CARS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASHES Funded by the European Commission, Directorate General TREN Document Retrieval Information Report No. Date Pages SARAC_2_215 November 2005 43 Title and Subtitle Scaling Measures and Improvement of Data Collection Author(s) Brian Fildes, Liam Fechner, and Astrid Linder Performing Organisation Monash University Accident Research Centre Building 70, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia Sub-Task Participants Pilot Brian Fildes Monash University Accident Research Centre Sub Contractors Timo Ernvall Helsinki University of Technology Jens-Peter Kreiß TU Braunschweig Heinz Hautzinger IVT Ana Olona Centro Zaragoza (CZ) Advisors Robert Zobel Volkswagen Claus-Henry Pastor BASt Klaus Schmelzer BMW AG Falk Zeidler DaimlerChrysler Paul Fay Ford Anders Kullgren Folksam Insurance Thomas Hummel GDV Matthew Bollington Dept. Transport, UK Yves Page LAB, France Observers Minoru Sakurai & OSA/JARI Japan Kazunori Mashita Abstract This research project set out to examine a number of aspects related to scaling measures and improvement of data collection for specifying quality criteria for the safety assessment of cars based on real-world crashes. Issues related to Event Data Recorders (EDRs), the availability of in-depth databases, the identification of a limited range of popular cars in Europe, and alternative measures of safety were discussed and a number of important findings eminated from this research for the future of rating vehicle crashworthiness and aggressivity. It was recommended that in any future research into the Safety Rating of passenger vehicles by SARAC, that resources be made available to trial the use of alternative measures of safety and in-depth data more fully. Keywords: VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, SAFETY, RESEARCH, CRASH ANALYSIS The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of CEA, GDV or any of the participants of the SARAC committee. CEA/EC SARAC II QUALITY CRITERIA FOR THE SAFETY ASSESSME OF CARS BASED ON REAL-WORLD CRASHES Funded by the European Commission, Directorate General TREN Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Professor Hampton Clay Gabler, Virginia Tech (formerly Rowan University), in particular, for his valuable material and input in preparing this report. We are especially grateful to the assistance provided by members of the SARAC committee for their valuable contributions in the provision of additional materials and review comments during the preparation of this report. CEA/EC SARAC II Table of Contents Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................1 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................3 2 EVENT DATA RECORDERS..............................................................................................5 2.1 IMPACT SEVERITY ........................................................................................................6 2.2 EVENT DATA RECORDER MODELS ................................................................................6 2.2.1 Specifications and Standards .......................................................................6 2.3 ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ......................................................................8 2.3.1 Delphi..........................................................................................................11 2.4 AFTER-MARKET EVENT DATA RECORDERS .................................................................11 2.4.1 Independent Witness, Inc. ..........................................................................11 2.4.2 Siemens-VDO.............................................................................................12 2.4.3 MacBox.......................................................................................................12 2.4.4 DriveCam....................................................................................................12 2.5 RESEARCHER DEVELOPED EVENT DATA RECORDERS .................................................13 2.5.1 Crash Pulse Recorder ................................................................................13 2.5.2 Accident and Near Miss Drive Recorders...................................................14 2.5.3 Path Reconstruction ...................................................................................15 2.6 AUTOMATIC COLLISION NOTIFICATION.........................................................................15 2.7 EVENT DATA RECORDER RESEARCH ..........................................................................16 2.7.1 Validation of Event Data Recorders ...........................................................16 2.7.2 Accident Analysis and Reconstruction .......................................................16 2.7.3 Injury Mechanisms and Prediction..............................................................18 2.7.4 Improving Driver Behaviour and Reducing Collisions ................................19 2.8 USERS OF EVENT DATA RECORDERS..........................................................................20 2.9 EVENT DATA RECORDER DATABASES .........................................................................21 2.9.1 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration..........................................21 2.9.2 Independent Witness, Inc. ..........................................................................22 2.9.3 Safety Intelligence Systems........................................................................22 2.10 LIMITATIONS OF EVENT DATA RECORDERS..................................................................22 2.11 LEGAL AND PRIVACY ISSUES.......................................................................................23 2.12 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................25 3 IN-DEPTH DATABASES ..................................................................................................27
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