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Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V. -
Nagy Commentary on Euripides, Herakles
Informal Commentary on Euripides, Herakles by Gregory Nagy 97 The idea of returning from Hades implies a return from death 109f The mourning swan... Cf. the theme of the swansong. Cf. 692ff. 113 “The phantom of a dream”: cf. skias onar in Pindar Pythian 8. 131f “their father’s spirit flashing from their eyes”: beautiful rendition! 145f Herakles’ hoped-for return from Hades is equated with a return from death, with resurrection; see 297, where this theme becomes even more overt; also 427ff. 150 Herakles as the aristos man: not that he is regularly described in this drama as the best of all humans, not only of the “Greeks” (also at 183, 209). See also the note on 1306. 160 The description of the bow as “a coward’s weapon” is relevant to the Odysseus theme in the Odyssey 203 sôzein to sôma ‘save the body’... This expression seems traditional: if so, it may support the argument of some linguists that sôma ‘body’ is derived from sôzô ‘save’. By metonymy, the process of saving may extend to the organism that is destined to be saved. 270 The use of kleos in the wording of the chorus seems to refer to the name of Herakles; similarly in the wording of Megara at 288 and 290. Compare the notes on 1334 and 1369. 297 See at 145f above. Cf. the theme of Herakles’ wrestling with Thanatos in Euripides Alcestis. 342ff Note the god-hero antagonism as expressed by Amphitryon. His claim that he was superior to Zeus in aretê brings out the meaning of ‘striving’ in aretê (as a nomen actionis derived from arnumai; cf. -
Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on. -
An Analysis of Heracles As a Tragic Hero in the Trachiniae and the Heracles
The Suffering Heracles: An Analysis of Heracles as a Tragic Hero in The Trachiniae and the Heracles by Daniel Rom Thesis presented for the Master’s Degree in Ancient Cultures in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Annemaré Kotzé March 2016 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2016 Copyright © 2016 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract This thesis is an examination of the portrayals of the Ancient Greek mythological hero Heracles in two fifth century BCE tragic plays: The Trachiniae by Sophocles, and the Heracles by Euripides. Based on existing research that was examined, this thesis echoes the claim made by several sources that there is a conceptual link between both these plays in terms of how they treat Heracles as a character on stage. Fundamentally, this claim is that these two plays portray Heracles as a suffering, tragic figure in a way that other theatre portrayals of him up until the fifth century BCE had failed to do in such a notable manner. This thesis links this claim with a another point raised in modern scholarship: specifically, that Heracles‟ character and development as a mythical hero in the Ancient Greek world had given him a distinct position as a demi-god, and this in turn affected how he was approached as a character on stage. -
3D Geosense Hydrostatic Level Measurement IKAS Evolution
IKAS evolution Configuration options 3D GeoSense MiniLite with extra counter and NANO L 3D Hydrostatic IKAS evolution level 3D GeoSense, pipe routing data ORION 3 SD L 3D with PHOBOS 3D measurement Special software tools are used to support the processing of the data cap- 3D GeoSense flushing: 3D GeoSense without flushing: tured by the camera. IKAS evolution is capable of capturing the 3D sensor's measurement data Large-scale system: Large-scale system: (xyz coordinates) in a fully automated process. This is done simultaneous- Cameras1): ORION 3 SD (L) 3D, ORION 3 (L) 3D, NANO (L) 3D ORION 3 SD (L) 3D, ORION 3 (L) 3D, NANO (L) 3D ly with the TV inspection. POLARIS 3D POLARIS 3D, ORPHEUS 2 3D2), ORPHEUS 3 3D2) Satellite-based inspection system: LISY 3 or LISY HD ORPHEUS 2 HD 3D2), ARGUS 62) IKAS evolution also allows displaying the measured course of the piping with control camera LISYCam 3, LISYCam 200, 3D funnel Satellite-based inspection system: LISY 3 or LISY HD in real time while conducting a TV survey in a network diagram*. It is pos- with control camera LISYCam 3, LISYCam 200, 3D funnel sible to import maps (such as a house's floor plan) to the software and Flushing nozzle: PHOBOS 3D Camera guide unit DEIMOS 3D to scale it to the required size to display the course of the piping which is Operating system: BS7, BS5, BS 3.5 generated in the process directly on the map. The pipe run is stored with Cable winch: KW 305 / KW 505 with camera cable Operating system: BS7, BS5, BS 3.5 three-dimensional coordinates and precise geographical information (geo- Synchronous winch: LISY synchronous winch (with camera cable KW 305 / KW 505 with camera cable referencing) to allow tracing the exact physical location of the course of instead of push rod) Synchronous winch: LISY synchronous winch with camera cable the pipes from above the ground at any time. -
Greek Mythology and Medical and Psychiatric Terminology
HISTORY OF PSYCHIATRY Greek mythology and medical and psychiatric terminology Loukas Athanasiadis A great number of terms in modern psychiatry, Narcissus gave his name to narcissism (ex medicine and related disciplines originate from treme self-love based on an idealised self-image). the Greek, including pathology, schizophrenia, He was a young man extremely proud of his ophthalmology, gynaecology, anatomy, pharma beauty and indifferent to the emotions of those cology, biology, hepatology, homeopathy, allo who fell in love with him. A goddess cursed him pathy and many others. There are also many to feel what it is to love and get nothing in return. terms that originate from figures from ancient He subsequently fell in love with his own image Greek mythology (or the Greek words related to when he saw his reflection in the water of a those figures) and I think that it might be fountain, and believed that this image belonged interesting to take a look at some of them. to a spirit. Every time he tried to embrace the Psyche means 'soul' in Greek and she gave her image it disappeared and appeared without names to terms like psychiatry (medicine of the saying a word. At the end the desperate soul), psychology, etc. Psyche was a mortal girl Narcissus died and was turned into a flower that with whom Eros ('love', he gave his name to still bears his name. erotomania, etc.) fell in love. Eros's mother Echo was a very attractive young nymph who Aphrodite had forbidden him to see mortal girls. always wanted to have the last word. -
Flags and Footprints on Phobos and Deimos
Flags and Footprints on Phobos and Deimos By Daniel A. O’Neil Abstract Scanners on balloons and rovers digitize the Mars surface. Remote controlled rockets launch sample containers. A Robonaut 5 captures the containers. A flight engineer uploads the surface models to a virtual reality metaverse for the public. Robonaut 5 assists with excursions to Phobos and Deimos. Prologue Sept. 13, 2030 A Block-2 Space Launch System (SLS), with a capacity of 130 MT, launches a Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) Mars Transfer Vehicle (MTV); the USS Minerva starts her 900 day voyage to Mars. Oct. 18, 2030 A Block-2 SLS launches a SEP MTV named Minerva’s Owl. Hauling a stage containing Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and methane tanks, Minerva’s Owl flies to Mars. July 28, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) with LOX and methane tanks, a propulsion system, and a truss with robotic arms. Aug. 4, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an upper stage with liquid oxygen and methane tanks. An Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) moves the stage into a position where the robotic arms on the EUS truss can pull the tank stage and lock the stage to the truss. Aug. 11, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches another tank stage and an OMV moves the stage to a position where the EUS robotic arms attach the stage to the truss. Aug. 19, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches a Bigelow Aerospace Olympus habitat. (BA 2100) Aug. 24, 2032 A Block-2 SLS launches an upper-stage with an Orion spacecraft, solar power system, and an OMV. -
What Use of the Ablative Case Is Found in the Following
2011 TSJCL Certamen Novice Round One TU#1: What use of the ablative case is found in the following sentence: 'Rōmam tertiō diē vēnimus.' ABLATIVE OF TIME WHEN B1: What use of the dative case is found in the following sentence: 'senātōribus cīvēs crēdidērunt.' DATIVE WITH A SPECIAL VERB / CRĒDŌ B2: What uses of the nominative case are found in the following sentence: 'rēgēs Rōmae senēs erant.' SUBJECT AND PREDICATE NOMINATIVE TU#2: Who became the undisputed ruler of the Roman world after the Battle of Actium? AUGUSTUS B1: Who was appointed co-consul with Augustus upon his return to Rome from Egypt after defeating Antony and Cleopatra? AGRIPPA B2: When Augustus adopted Tiberius as his heir, whom was Tiberius at that time required by Augustus to adopt? (HIS NEPHEW) GERMANICUS TU#3: Phobos, Deimos, Harmonia, and Eros were said to be the four children of Aphrodite by which of her lovers? ARES B1: What “physical” job did Phobos and Deimos perform for their father? PULLED HIS BATTLE CHARIOT B2: To what mortal was Harmonia married? CADMUS TU#4: Quid Anglicē significat: impetus? ATTACK B1: Quid Anglicē significat: lītus? SHORE B2: Quid Anglicē significat: quondam? ONCE, ONE DAY, SOMETIME AGO TU#5: Listen to this list of seven food items, and tell me which three were unknown to the Romans: honey, potato, fig, mushroom, tomato, hazelnut, banana. POTATO, TOMATO, BANANA B1: What animal's various parts were nearly all consumed by the Romans in some way or another? PIG B2: What part of the meal was called prima mensa by the Romans? MAIN COURSE TU#6: -
The Formation of the Martian Moons Rosenblatt P., Hyodo R
The Final Manuscript to Oxford Science Encyclopedia: The formation of the Martian moons Rosenblatt P., Hyodo R., Pignatale F., Trinh A., Charnoz S., Dunseath K.M., Dunseath-Terao M., & Genda H. Summary Almost all the planets of our solar system have moons. Each planetary system has however unique characteristics. The Martian system has not one single big moon like the Earth, not tens of moons of various sizes like for the giant planets, but two small moons: Phobos and Deimos. How did form such a system? This question is still being investigated on the basis of the Earth-based and space-borne observations of the Martian moons and of the more modern theories proposed to account for the formation of other moon systems. The most recent scenario of formation of the Martian moons relies on a giant impact occurring at early Mars history and having also formed the so-called hemispheric crustal dichotomy. This scenario accounts for the current orbits of both moons unlike the scenario of capture of small size asteroids. It also predicts a composition of disk material as a mixture of Mars and impactor materials that is in agreement with remote sensing observations of both moon surfaces, which suggests a composition different from Mars. The composition of the Martian moons is however unclear, given the ambiguity on the interpretation of the remote sensing observations. The study of the formation of the Martian moon system has improved our understanding of moon formation of terrestrial planets: The giant collision scenario can have various outcomes and not only a big moon as for the Earth. -
Tuesday 6Th June 2017: "Fear and Dread" - John Rosenfield (HAS)
Tuesday 6th June 2017: "Fear and Dread" - John Rosenfield (HAS) John’s main purpose was to invite us on a journey to the planet Mars without fear or dread. Viking images of Mars show ice caps, dark patches and a red surface, which is due to iron in the rocks. However, over the years the red planet, accompanied by its moons Phobos and Deimos (meaning fear and dread), has symbolised war with the mythological god Mars/Ares, noted for being aggressive and courageous – ready to fght any batle. Patrick Moore had this to say in his writngs about Mars and its ‘canals’: “Lowell was convinced that the Red Planet supported an advanced technical civilisaton, and that the canals represented an irrigaton system to carry water from the polar snows to the deserts of the equator. Lowell’s views met with considerable oppositon even in his own lifetme, though he remained unshaken up to the tme of his death in 1916. The idea of intelligent Martans was regarded as distnctly dubious. On the other hand the idea that the dark areas were due to vegetaton met with strong support, and up to 1965 very few astronomers doubted it”. Phobos and Deimos are tny moons at 27 km and 12.5 km respectvely. (1). (1) To put this into perspectve, New Horizons is currently on its way to visit a Kuiper Belt object just 40 km across, which although very small is nevertheless larger than Mars’ moons. Phobos orbits just 6000 km above the planet’s surface and is slowly spiraling inwards where at some point in the future it will break up, forming a ring around Mars before some of the bits crash into the surface. -
Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus
Journal of Ancient History 2019; 7(1): 62–110 Allaire B. Stallsmith* A Divine Couple: Demeter Malophoros and Zeus Meilichios in Selinus https://doi.org/10.1515/jah-2018-0019 Abstract: This paper concerns a collection of rough-hewn flat stelae excavated from the precinct of Zeus Meilichios in Selinus, Sicily between 1915 and 1926, a majority with two heads or busts, one male and one female, carved at their tops. These crudely fashioned idols are unique in their iconography. They combine the flat inscribed Punic stela with the Greek figural tradition, with some indigenous features. Their meaning is totally obscure – especially since they lack any literary reference. No comparable monuments have been found in ancient Mediterranean cult. The twin stelae were often set up above a collection of burnt rodent and bird bones, ashes, lamps, broken and burnt pottery and terracotta figurines, as a mem- orial of a sacrifice. The stelae were the objects of a gentilicial cult, similar to that posited for the inscribed “Meilichios stones” with which they shared the Field of Stelae of Zeus Meilichios. The theory advanced here interprets these diminutive stelae (average height 30 cm) as the objects of domestic cult. It was customary in many parts of the ancient Mediterranean, from the Bronze Age down to the Ro- man period, to venerate household or family gods who protected the health and the wealth of the family. They were thought to embody the spirits of the ancestors and could at times be identified with the gods of the state religion. This divine couple whose effigies were dedicated in the Field of Stelae over a period of four centuries, into the third century, cannot be claimed as Greek or Punic deities. -
Human Spaceflight: Phobos Base
2017 AIAA Student Design Competition HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT: PHOBOS BASE Timothy Bishop Victor Kitmanyen Thomas Lagarde Zachary Taylor Faculty Advisor: Olga Bannova, Ph.D. Sasakawa International Center for Space Architecture (SICSA) Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston Houston, Texas, USA ~ 2 ~ Copyright © 2017 by Timothy Bishop, Victor Kitmanyen, Thomas Lagarde & Zachary Taylor. All Rights Reserved. Published with express permission, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ~ 3 ~ Signature Page Timothy Bishop Project Manager AIAA #: 677333 Victor Kitmanyen Microgravity Countermeasures Architect AIAA #: 819885 Zachary Taylor Space Architect AIAA #: 819283 Thomas Lagarde RECLSS Architect AIAA #: 819864 Dr. Olga Bannova Faculty & Project Advisor Copyright © 2017 by Timothy Bishop, Victor Kitmanyen, Thomas Lagarde & Zachary Taylor. All Rights Reserved. Published with express permission, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ~ 4 ~ Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 ACRONYMS _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 1.0 ABSTRACT _______________________________________________________________________________ 9 2.0 PROJECT INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________________ 10 3.0 REQUIREMENTS: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ____________________________________ 11 3.1 SITE ___________________________________________________________________________________