DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Exploration of Phobos Mike Gernhardt Phd. Nasa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Exploration of Phobos Mike Gernhardt Phd. Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Exploration of Phobos Mike Gernhardt PhD. Nasa JSC Human Spaceflight Architecture Mars Moons Team • Paul Abell • James Johnson • Dina Poncia • Andrew Abercromby • Dave Lee • David Reeves • Charles Allton • Pascal Lee • Mike WriGht • Paul Bielski • Harry Litaker • Michelle Rucker • Dan Brit • Stan Love • Greg Schmidt • Steve Chappell • Mark Lupisella • Bill Todd • Bryan Cloyd • Dan Mazanek • Pat Troutman • David Coan • Natalie Mary • MaB Simon • Zack Crues • Fay McKinney • Larry Toups • Dan Dexter • Gabe Merrill • Mike Gernhardt • Nathan Moore • Bill Harris • Rob Mueller • A. ScoB Howe • Tom Percy • Steve Hoffman • Tara Polsgrove • Sharon Jefferies • Jason Poffenberger Phobos/Deimos Human Missions Human Architecture Team Task 7C: Mars Moons Phobos 27x22x18 km Deimos 15x12x10 km Mars Moons - Introduction • Mars’ moons are interesQnG scienQfically and potenQally offer engineering, operaonal, and public engagement benefits that could enhance subsequent mars surface operaons o Mars moons interes-ng in themselves and would also likely provide insights into the evolu-on of Mars o Mul-ple scien-fic benefits: 1) Moons of Mars, 2) possibly captured asteroids 3) likely contains Mars surface materials 4) likely collec-on of materials from asteroid belt 5) near-zero latency tele-operaon of Mars surface assets o Poten-ally an affordable and produc-ve first-step towards eventual Mars surface operaons • Provides significant radiaon protecon • Phobos and Deimos are both interesng exploraon desnaons o With current imagery, we know Phobos is interes-ng because of craters and fissures etc. It is also the driving transportaon case and therefore the focus of this study o We are formulang a precursor mission that would look at both moons Maximum VerQcal Jump – 650 lb. Suited Crew (crew + suit + jetpack) Maximum VerQcal Jump w/ 2 m/s Take-Off Velocity 1000.0 666.7 500.0 350.9 1.2 0.0 Vercal Height (m) Weight on Phobos lbf Crewmember in a Suit 0.3 SEV (6,000 kg) 7.7 Time of FliGht Habitat (15,000 kg) 19.2 Moon 2.5 sec. Lander (50,000 kg) 63.9 Phobos 11.7 min. Deimos 22.2 min. Apollo 16 – John YounG’s Jump Salute 5 Mars Moons Trade Tree Based on Campaign Team & Transportation Team Recommendations & Discussions Pre-Staged Mars Moon Work- Destinations Transportation Assets Habitat systems Phobos / Jetpacks Conjunction None Phobos Only Deimos Class Unpressurized Surface Mars Moon Excursion Habitat Direct to Static Vehicle Deimos Only Phobos Mars Moon Relocatable Pressurized Habitat Excursion Phobos + Earth ↔ Mars + PEV(s) Phobos Vehicle Deimos Transit Stack in HMO Parking Orbit SEV-class L1 Mars Free-Return Lander Trajectory L4 / L5 Class Loitering Hab DRO Dual Hab 6 Radiation Exposure u Cumulave exposure calculated using Phase 1 methodology • i.e. Oltaris exposure es-mates adjusted for occlusion of sky due to Mars and Phobos (incl. 10o crater rim for surface missions) u Total radiaQon dose reduced by up to 34% for Phobos surface Hab Updated ReGions of interest on Phobos These are examples of areas of interest on Phobos for inves-gaon: 9 11 1) Floor of S-ckney Crater 2) Side wall of S-ckney Crater 8 3) Far rim of S-ckney Crater 10 4) Overturn of S-ckney Crater and grooves 7 5) Overlap of yellow and 6 white units 1 4 6) Overlap of red and white units with grooves 5 2 3 7) Opposite rim of S-ckney and start of grooves 8) Brown outlined unit and “mid-point” of grooves 9) “End point” of grooves Very likely in reality that some of these sites (i.e., inside S-ckney crater) may have to be expanded to cover larger 10) “Young” fresh crater areas to obtain the desired science. 11) “Deep” groove structure Phobos Exploration EVA Timeline Analysis • For analysis purposes, u-lize DRAFT science “regions” of interest defined by scien-sts (1-11) 9 11 • Defined 1-km diameter “sites” in each region • Traverses would explore “sites” in each region by performing 8 ac-vi-es at 5 smaller “subsites” (~15 m radius) within each 10 “site” • Standard circuit at each “subsite” consists of a standard series of 7 6 tasks, e.g. 2 float samples, 1 soil, 1 core, 1 hammer chip, and an 1 4 instrument deploy task. • 11 near field survey ( 1km dia each) and 55 standard circuits 5 2 3 including drill deploys • 16 detailed EVA Timelines developed (i.e. standard circuit, near- field survey, drill deploy, etc.) for 4 different Ops Cons / work- system combinaons H1 4 Standard Circuit 1 at Subsite 15 m F1 500 m 6 I Legend 5 • F = float S1 SUBSITE C1 • H = hammer chip 3 • SITE 2 S = soil F2 • C = core • i = instr. deploy Work-System Concepts Jetpacks (+ Mobile Payload Carrier) Unpressurized Excursion Vehicle Pressurized Excursion Vehicle 11 Low Energy Escapes from the Surface of Phobos Dots along trajectories indicate 1 hour marks out to 6 hours. The dashed segments then extend out to 1 day. 12 Contingency Return Estimates • Assume return to radiaQon shelter required within 20 minutes (CxP requirement) – Green indicates < 20 mins • Esmates assume uniform Phobos gravitaonal effects and neglect curvature of Phobos • Assumes 0.1 ms-2 max acceleraon / deceleraon Never reach max allowable speed 13 PEV Options • SEV-class vehicle with RCS Sled & Hopper SEV + RCS • SEV-class vehicle with Sled + SEV/HAL- Hopper RCS sled only Derived SEV + RCS Sled • SEV-based taxi/lander • MAV derived MAV-Derived Taxi/ Lander MAV-Derived Taxi/Lander (verQcal) (horizontal) PEV based EVA on Phobos Zack Crues/ER7, Guy de Carufel/OSR, August 20, 2014 Dan Dexter/ER7 15 Common Cabin Approach with Standard Interfaces Expl. Atmos. Validation HAL-Taxi-PEV-MAV-SPR Standard Interface ECLSS Mars Transit Vehicle Habitat Dust Tolerance & Mitigation EVA Systems Core Cabin Begin with cabin design for Mars surface and then work backwards to Mars moons, ARM, etc 17 inteGrated Phobos Model u Combines the following data: • Copernicus es-mates of Delta-V for DRO ↔ Surface and Surface ↔ Surface gross translaons (Dave Lee) • NExSys es-mates of Delta-V for 5m to 500m surface translaons (Zack Crues, Dan Dexter & NExSys team) • Logis-cs es-mates (Kandyce Goodliff’s calculator) • Habitat es-mates (Ma Simon, David Reeves) • Detailed EVA -melines (Steve Chappell) • HMO ↔ Phobos service module es-mates (based on data from Tara Polsgrove) • Iden-fied regions of scien-fic interest (Paul Abell) u Generates mission-level esQmates and comparisons of 70+ fiGures of merit includinG system masses, loGisQcs, crew Qme, EVA Qme, EVA overhead, EVA producQvity, and propellant Human SpacefliGht Architecture Team NASA internal Use Only – Not for DistribuQon 18 HAT Task 1x PEV 2x PEV 2x PEV 2x PEV Minimal Minimal Taxi (1 as Taxi) (1 as Taxi) 7C: (1 as Taxi) Taxi / Lander Moons of + + DRO Habitat Surface Hab Mars + Log Modules Mobile Hab Crew/ Duraon 2 crew / 4 crew / 4 crew / 500 4 crew / 500 2 crew / 50 4 crew / 500 @ Phobos 50 days 50 days days [1000 d] days [1000 d] days days [1000 d] Pre-Staged to -PEV+RCS Sled -PEV + RCS sled -PEV + RCS Sled - Mobile Hab Nothing Nothing Phobos -Log. Modules -Habitat -Habitat (incl. prop) Pre-Staged 33,536 kg 31,893 - 37,383 32,000 kg - 11,021kg - Mass (kg) [45,246 kg] [40,509 - 46,098] [43,943kg] -Minimal Launched to -PEV Taxi+SM Taxi / Lander + -Minimal Taxi + -PEV Taxi + SM - PEV-Taxi + SM - PEV-Taxi + SM HMO -Log Modules SM SM -Log Modules Mass to HMO 35,703 kg 25,305 kg 25,305 kg 25,305 kg 24,303 kg 13,579 kg % Science Sites 100% 100% 100% [200%] 100% [200%] 20% 100% [200%] achieved Radiaon Dose 97% 97% 94-96% 66-80% 97% 66-80% vs. HMO-only RCS Sled, RCS Sled, Hab landing legs, Phobos-specific RCS Sled, Hab landing op-onal op-onal RCS Sled, - elements op-onal Hopper legs Hopper Hopper op-onal Hopper 19 Phobos Mission Mass (deltas to Mars Orbital Mission) 20 20 Cases 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, & 2.7 How Long to Complete “Reference Science Content”? (From Phase 1 analysis, 100% = Standard EVA task circuit completed at 11 regions x 5 sites per region) Case 2.6 21 21 Phobos Hopper ATHLETE (6 Limbs) MMSEV cabin Pros: - Exisng technology - Footpads can be swapped for wheels or other ATHLETE-derived limbs implements for Mars surface use ATHLETE-derived leg MEL (kg) qty Hip yaw 20.8 1 20.80 Hip pitch 24.4 1 24.40 Lower thigh 4.6 1 4.60 Knee pitch 16.4 1 16.40 Knee roll 13.8 1 13.80 Shin 1.8 1 1.80 Cons: Ankle pitch 11.2 1 11.20 - LandinG strain on ATHLETE Ankle roll 13.6 1 13.60 Ratchet sprinG for FT sensor 10 1 10.00 joints Footpad cylinder 55 1 55.00 capturing landing energy Footpad sha 3.6 1 3.60 - Six limbs Good for walkinG, Footpad spring 2 1 2.00 but maybe not necessary Footpad 23 1 23.00 Ball joint footpad with Avionics 43.3 1 43.33 for hopper passive spring for Total / leg 243.53 Total suspension system 6 1461.20 leveling Human SpacefliGht Architecture Team NASA internal Use Only – Not for DistribuQon 23 Human SpacefliGht Architecture Team NASA internal Use Only – Not for DistribuQon 24 Mars Moons Task Conceptual Design • Conceptual design of a mobile surface habitat – Close on concept(s) for mobile Phobos surface habitat; consider cis- lunar, transit, and Mars surface commonality as much as possible – Include propulsion and legs for landing and for gross and local mobility once on surface ATHLETE ? ARM-Derived Fixed LeGs Mobile Surface Hab Exploration Assumptions H1 9 11 4 1 8 500 m 15 m F1 10 6 I 7 5 6 SITE S1 SUBSITE 1 C1 4 3 2 5 F2 2 3 Standard Circuit at Subsite Legend • F = float • Assumes a mobile habitat / • H = hammer chip • S = soil vehicle that uses thrusters • C = core for gross reposioning • i = instr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Isolated and Confined Environments
    17 Isolated and Confined Environments Carole Tafforin Ethospace, Toulouse, France Characteristics of space analogue environments with regard to human per- formance concern the crew adaptation in a socio-psychological context and in a temporal dynamics. Isolation, confinement and time are major features on Earth to reproduce an extra-terrestrial environment for manned mission simulations. In the current space missions (low Earth orbit, LEO) and in the perspective of interplanetary missions (near-Earth asteroid, Moon, Mars), men and women will have to adapt to social constraints (crew size, multinationality, mixed-gender) and spatial restrictions (volume, multi-chambers, life-support) on short-term, medium-term and long-term durations. The crewmembers also will have to perform intra-vehicular activities (IVA)and extra-vehicular activ- ities (EVA). For training, preventing and optimizing such tasks, simulations of living and working together in isolated and confined environments, and simulations of operating with a space suit on geological surfaces are the new requirements. During the two decades (1991–2011), space simulators (confinement) and analogue settings (isolation) were adequately developed on Earth with the ultimate goal of walking on Mars. Time periods extended up to 500 days. Space analogue environments are located worldwide (Canada, United States, Russia, Europe, Antarctica and Arctic). Mission durations in space analogue environments cover days, weeks and years. Isolation and confinement facilities implemented for such simulations are listed in Table 17.1. Over a 7-day duration, the Canadian Astronaut Program Space Unit Life Simulation (CAPSULS) was an Earth-based initiative that simulated a typical space shuttle or space station mission [1]. CAPSULS provided the Canadian astronaut participants with space mission training.
    [Show full text]
  • New Candidate Pits and Caves at High Latitudes on the Near Side of the Moon
    52nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 2021 (LPI Contrib. No. 2548) 2733.pdf NEW CANDIDATE PITS AND CAVES AT HIGH LATITUDES ON THE NEAR SIDE OF THE MOON. 1,2 1,3,4 1 2 Wynnie Avent II and Pascal Lee ,​ S​ ETI Institute, Mountain View, VA, USA, V​ irginia Polytechnic Institute ​ ​ ​ 3 4 ​ and State University Blacksburg, VA, USA. M​ ars Institute, N​ ASA Ames Research Center. ​ ​ Summary: 35 new candidate pits are identified ​ in Anaxagoras and Philolaus, two high-latitude impact structures on the near side of the Moon. Introduction: Since the discovery in 2009 of the Marius Hills Pit (Haruyama et al. 2009), a.k.a. the “Haruyama Cavern”, over 300 hundred pits have been identified on the Moon (Wagner & Robinson 2014, Robinson & Wagner 2018). Lunar pits are small (10 to 150 m across), steep-walled, negative relief features (topographic depressions), surrounded by funnel-shaped outer slopes and, unlike impact craters, no raised rim. They are interpreted as collapse features resulting from the fall of the roof of shallow (a few Figure 1: Location of studied craters (Polar meters deep) subsurface voids, generally lava cavities. projection). Although pits on the Moon are found in mare basalt, impact melt deposits, and highland terrain of the >300 Methods: Like previous studies searching for pits pits known, all but 16 are in impact melts (Robinson & (Wagner & Robinson 2014, Robinson & Wagner 2018, Wagner 2018). Many pits are likely lava tube skylights, Lee 2018a,b,c), we used imaging data collected by the providing access to underground networks of NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow tunnel-shaped caves, including possibly complex Angle Camera (NAC).
    [Show full text]
  • Habitability Studies and Full Scale Simulation Research: Preliminary Themes Following HISEAS Mission IV
    47th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2017-138 16-20 July 2017, Charleston, South Carolina Habitability Studies and Full Scale Simulation Research: Preliminary themes following HISEAS mission IV Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger1 Vienna University of Technology, space-craft Architektur, Vienna, Austria Kim Binsted2 University of Hawai'i at Manoa, HI-SEAS Tristan Bassingthwaighte3 University of Hawai'i at Manoa, HI-SEAS IV Georgi Petrov4 Synthesis The ‘Hawai'i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation’ (HI-SEAS) is a long duration Mars exploration analogue study run by the University of Hawaii at Manoa, funded by NASA. The first mission started in 2013. HI-SEAS mission IV included six crew-members, three male and three female. The mission began on 28 August 2015 and was scheduled to run for a year. HI-SEAS V began on January 19th, 2017 and is scheduled for 8 months. Research conducted during the missions includes research into food preparation and preferences, behavior, crew dynamics, group performance and other relevant issues for future missions to Mars and beyond, as well as our study on habitability. This paper introduces the continuing ‘HI-SEAS Habitability Study’, which systematically investigates the relationship between the built environment (habitat) and its inhabitants. The term habitability describes the physical suitability and subjective value of a built habitat for its inhabitants within a specific environment. Along with human factors, habitability is critical for the design of an inhabited confined and isolated environment and thus the well-being of the inhabitants. The study uses a mix of methodologies for data collection, including monthly questionnaires during the mission and post mission interviews.
    [Show full text]
  • MRA Leadership
    2 MRA Leadership President Neil Van Dyke Stowe Mountain Rescue [email protected] July 2010 MRA Member Guides NASA On Undersea Exploration Analog Vice President Mission …………………………………………………………….3 About Steve Chappell……………………………………………...4 Doug Wesson A Letter From Our New President…………………………………4 Juneau Mountain Rescue Suspension Syndrome…………………………..………………….5 [email protected] Commentary from MRA Medical Committee Chair Skeet Glatterer, M.D……………………………………………………...5 Five Colorado SAR Teams Receive Prestigious NASAR Award…6 Past President 2010 MRA Spring Conference Report……………………………..7 Charley Shimanski Book Review: Mountain Responder……………………………….8 [email protected] International Tech Rescue Symposium…………………………….8 Himalayan First: Standby Rescue Helicopters……………………..9 Don‘t Just Do Something—Stand There!.......................................10 National Search and Rescue Week Designated…………………..11 Secretary/Treasurer John Chang Cover photo by NASA. Bay Area Mountain Rescue Unit [email protected] MRA Sponsors At-Large Member Jim Frank Thanks to the corporate supporters of the MRA. Please support Santa Barbara County SAR those that generously support us! Click the logo to follow the [email protected] link! At-Large Member Dave Clarke Portland Mountain Rescue Cell: 503-784-6341 [email protected] Executive Secretary Kayley Trujillo [email protected] Corporate correspondence to: Mountain Rescue Association PO Box 880868 San Diego, CA 92168-0868 ©2010 Mountain Rescue Association All rights reserved. All content ©MRA or as otherwise noted. Permission to reprint granted to MRA units in good standing with the MRA. 3 MRA Member Guides NASA On Undersea Exploration Analog Mission Parts reprinted with permission from NASA From May 10 - 24, 2010, two astronauts, a veteran undersea engineer and an experienced scientist embarked on the 14th NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) undersea analog mission at the Aquarius undersea labora- tory.
    [Show full text]
  • "Aquarius" Undersea Habitat As an Analog for Long- Duration Space Flight
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110011365 2019-08-30T15:38:42+00:00Z Source of Acquisiti on NASA Jolmson Space Center The NEEMO Project: A Report on how NASA Utilizes the "Aquarius" Undersea Habitat as an Analog for Long- Duration Space Flight. Bill ToddlUnited Space Alliance Marc Reagan/NASA NEEMO Project Leads Spaceflight Training, NASAJJSC October, 2003 Abstract NEEMO is the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, a cooperative project between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NEEMO was created and is managed by the Mission Operations Directorate at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. On the NOAA side, the National Undersea Research Center (NURC) in Key Largo, FL, with the help of the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, manages and operates the Aquarius Program. NEEMO was developed by astronaut training specialists to utilize an undersea research habitat as a multi-objective mission analog for long-duration space flight. Each mission was designed to expose astronauts to extreme environments for training purposes and to research crew behavior, habitability, and space analog life sciences. All of this was done much in the model of a space mission utilizing specific crew procedures, mission rules and timelines. Objectives of the missions were very diverse and contained many of the typical space mission type activities such as EV As (also known as extra vehicular activities), in-habitat science and research, and educational, public outreach, and media events. Five missions, dubbed NEEMO 1-5, were conducted between October 2001 and July 2003, the longest of which (NEEMO 5) lasted 14 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Marathon 2,500 Years Edited by Christopher Carey & Michael Edwards
    MARATHON 2,500 YEARS EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SUPPLEMENT 124 DIRECTOR & GENERAL EDITOR: JOHN NORTH DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS: RICHARD SIMPSON MARATHON – 2,500 YEARS PROCEEDINGS OF THE MARATHON CONFERENCE 2010 EDITED BY CHRISTOPHER CAREY & MICHAEL EDWARDS INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF ADVANCED STUDY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2013 The cover image shows Persian warriors at Ishtar Gate, from before the fourth century BC. Pergamon Museum/Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin. Photo Mohammed Shamma (2003). Used under CC‐BY terms. All rights reserved. This PDF edition published in 2019 First published in print in 2013 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. More information regarding CC licenses is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Available to download free at http://www.humanities-digital-library.org ISBN: 978-1-905670-81-9 (2019 PDF edition) DOI: 10.14296/1019.9781905670819 ISBN: 978-1-905670-52-9 (2013 paperback edition) ©2013 Institute of Classical Studies, University of London The right of contributors to be identified as the authors of the work published here has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Designed and typeset at the Institute of Classical Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS Introductory note 1 P. J. Rhodes The battle of Marathon and modern scholarship 3 Christopher Pelling Herodotus’ Marathon 23 Peter Krentz Marathon and the development of the exclusive hoplite phalanx 35 Andrej Petrovic The battle of Marathon in pre-Herodotean sources: on Marathon verse-inscriptions (IG I3 503/504; Seg Lvi 430) 45 V.
    [Show full text]
  • HAUGHTON-MARS PROJECT: Lessons for the Selection of a Landing Site/Exploration Zone for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars
    First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars (2015) 1058.pdf HAUGHTON-MARS PROJECT: Lessons for the Selection of a Landing Site/Exploration Zone for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars. Pascal Lee1,2,3, Stephen Braham1, Terry Fong3, Brian Glass3, Stephen J. Hoffman4, Christopher Hoftun1, Sarah Huffman1, Brage W. Johansen1, Kira Lorber1, Christopher P. McKay3, Robert Mueller, John W. Schutt1, Karen Schwartz1, Jesse T. Weaver1, Kris Zacny6. 1Mars Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA, [email protected]. 2SETI Institute, 3NASA Ames Research Center, 4NASAJohnson Space Center, 5NASA Kennedy Space Center, 6Honeybee Robotics. Exploration Zone Name: Haughton-Mars Project, Devon Islamd Habitat Site Coordinates: 75o 26’ N, 89o 52’ W The Haughton-Mars Project (HMP) is an international multidisciplinary field research project focused on Mars ana- log studies at the Haughton impact crater site on Devon Island, High Arctic. HMP analog studies include both sci- ence and exploration investigations. The project began in 1997, and has been hosting NASA-supported research each year since. Haughton Crater is approximately 20 km in diameter and 23 million years old. The crater is re- markably well preserved. Field operations at HMP are based out of a permanent field camp, the HMP Research Sta- tion (HMPRS), established in the northwestern rim area of Haughton Crater. Figure 1: Map of the Haughton-Mars Project (HMP) “Exploration Zone”. This map illustrates, in the same smanner as a Landing Site/Exploration Zone (LS/EZ) proposed for Mars, the main regions of interet (ROIs) within an EZ extending out to 100 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Nagy Commentary on Euripides, Herakles
    Informal Commentary on Euripides, Herakles by Gregory Nagy 97 The idea of returning from Hades implies a return from death 109f The mourning swan... Cf. the theme of the swansong. Cf. 692ff. 113 “The phantom of a dream”: cf. skias onar in Pindar Pythian 8. 131f “their father’s spirit flashing from their eyes”: beautiful rendition! 145f Herakles’ hoped-for return from Hades is equated with a return from death, with resurrection; see 297, where this theme becomes even more overt; also 427ff. 150 Herakles as the aristos man: not that he is regularly described in this drama as the best of all humans, not only of the “Greeks” (also at 183, 209). See also the note on 1306. 160 The description of the bow as “a coward’s weapon” is relevant to the Odysseus theme in the Odyssey 203 sôzein to sôma ‘save the body’... This expression seems traditional: if so, it may support the argument of some linguists that sôma ‘body’ is derived from sôzô ‘save’. By metonymy, the process of saving may extend to the organism that is destined to be saved. 270 The use of kleos in the wording of the chorus seems to refer to the name of Herakles; similarly in the wording of Megara at 288 and 290. Compare the notes on 1334 and 1369. 297 See at 145f above. Cf. the theme of Herakles’ wrestling with Thanatos in Euripides Alcestis. 342ff Note the god-hero antagonism as expressed by Amphitryon. His claim that he was superior to Zeus in aretê brings out the meaning of ‘striving’ in aretê (as a nomen actionis derived from arnumai; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Hesiod Theogony.Pdf
    Hesiod (8th or 7th c. BC, composed in Greek) The Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are probably slightly earlier than Hesiod’s two surviving poems, the Works and Days and the Theogony. Yet in many ways Hesiod is the more important author for the study of Greek mythology. While Homer treats cer- tain aspects of the saga of the Trojan War, he makes no attempt at treating myth more generally. He often includes short digressions and tantalizes us with hints of a broader tra- dition, but much of this remains obscure. Hesiod, by contrast, sought in his Theogony to give a connected account of the creation of the universe. For the study of myth he is im- portant precisely because his is the oldest surviving attempt to treat systematically the mythical tradition from the first gods down to the great heroes. Also unlike the legendary Homer, Hesiod is for us an historical figure and a real per- sonality. His Works and Days contains a great deal of autobiographical information, in- cluding his birthplace (Ascra in Boiotia), where his father had come from (Cyme in Asia Minor), and the name of his brother (Perses), with whom he had a dispute that was the inspiration for composing the Works and Days. His exact date cannot be determined with precision, but there is general agreement that he lived in the 8th century or perhaps the early 7th century BC. His life, therefore, was approximately contemporaneous with the beginning of alphabetic writing in the Greek world. Although we do not know whether Hesiod himself employed this new invention in composing his poems, we can be certain that it was soon used to record and pass them on.
    [Show full text]
  • EPSC-DPS2011-1716, 2011 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 C Author(S) 2011
    EPSC Abstracts Vol. 6, EPSC-DPS2011-1716, 2011 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2011 c Author(s) 2011 Phobos and Deimos: Science Goals for Human Exploration Pascal Lee (1,2, 3) (1) Mars Institute, USA, (2) SETI Institute, USA, (3) NASA Ames Research Center, USA ([email protected]) Abstract The nature and origin of the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, are outstanding unknowns. Solving this mystery is considered the single most important science goal to be addressed in their exploration [1]. When considered in the broader and longer-term context of the human exploration of Mars, human missions to Phobos and Deimos offer exciting intermediate opportunities for science. Four key science objectives can be met by humans, that would be difficult to achieve well by robotic means alone: i) Collect samples representative of the bulk of Phobos and Deimos; ii) Image in detail the subsurface and interior of Phobos and Deimos via seismic tomography; iii) Drill deep (>5m) into Phobos and Deimos to investigate their interior and extract subsurface samples; iv) Search for accreted materials in the regolith of Phobos and Deimos that might have originated in the asteroid belt or on Mars. Figure 1: Artist concept of human exploration tools for Phobos and Deimos (Mars Inst./W. Myers, 2011). 1. Introduction 1) Targeted collection of samples representative of After four decades of Mars exploration by spacecraft, Phobos and Deimos’s bulk. This objective stems the nature and origin of Phobos and Deimos remain from the growing realization that understanding
    [Show full text]
  • Flyer for Mission:Mars
    MISSION: MARS By Pascal Lee Paperback 48 pages Publisher: Scholastic Recommended for Ages 9-12 (Grades 3-6) ISBN 13: 978-0-54-556532-5 Price: USD$6.99 Available in Bookstores on November 1, 2013 Available Now at: www.scholastic.com/missionmars Advance Praise for MISSION: MARS "Pascal Lee is a true pioneer of Mars exploration. This book makes me want to put on a spacesuit and go to Mars!" – Buzz Aldrin, Apollo 11 astronaut, Author of Mission to Mars About The Book Subzero temperatures, killer rays, raging dust storms…Mars is a hostile planet. Could anything survive there? One job for Future Mars Explorers: Stay alive and help search for alien life. The mission now: Start training to become one of the first human explorers of the Red Planet. Guided by renowned Mars expert Pascal Lee, readers will get an incredible behind-the-scenes look at what it will take to send humans to the Red Planet. They will discover how to gear up for survival, navigate a spaceship, search for alien life, and so much more. Readers will also get a sneak peek at the latest designs for future mars ships, spacesuits, and exploration rovers. The future of space exploration starts now! Extra! Extra! Visit www.scholastic.com/missionmars to watch Mars gear-testing and other behind-the-scenes videos. The website includes a teaching guide with Common Core and STEM connections. About The Author Dr. Pascal Lee is chairman of the Mars Institute and a planetary scientist at the SETI Institute. He is also director of the NASA Haughton-Mars Project at NASA Ames Research Center.
    [Show full text]
  • West Michigan Pike Route but Is Most Visible Between Whitehall and Shelby
    Oceana County Historic Resource Survey 198 Oceana Drive, Rothbury New England Barn & Queen Anne Residence Hart-Montague Trail, Rothbury The trail is twenty-two miles of the former rail bed of the Pere Marquette Railroad. It was made a state park in 1988. The railroad parallels much of the West Michigan Pike route but is most visible between Whitehall and Shelby. New Era New Era was found in 1878 by a group of Dutch that had been living in Montague serving as mill hands. They wanted to return to an agrarian lifestyle and purchased farms and planted peach orchards. In 1947, there were eighty-five Dutch families in New Era. 4856 Oceana, New Era New Era Canning Company The New Era Canning Company was established in 1910 by Edward P. Ray, a Norwegian immigrant who purchased a fruit farm in New Era. Ray grew raspberries, a delicate fruit that is difficult to transport in hot weather. Today, the plant is still owned by the Ray family and processes green beans, apples, and asparagus. Oceana County Historic Resource Survey 199 4775 First Street, New Era New Era Reformed Church 4736 First Street, New Era Veltman Hardware Store Concrete Block Buildings. New Era is characterized by a number of vernacular concrete block buildings. Prior to 1900, concrete was not a common building material for residential or commercial structures. Experimentation, testing and the development of standards for cement and additives in the late 19th century, led to the use of concrete a strong reliable building material after the turn of the century. Concrete was also considered to be fireproof, an important consideration as many communities suffered devastating fires that burned blocks of their wooden buildings Oceana County Historic Resource Survey 200 in the late nineteenth century.
    [Show full text]