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Pense Em Um Titulo Pra a Dissertaçao Acho Que Pode Ser O Do Teu Projeto 0 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS UNIVERSIDADEESCOLA FEDERAL DE DE AGRONOMIA GOIÁS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GENÉTICA E ESCOLAMELHORAMENTO DE AGRONOMIA DE PLANTAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GENÉTICA E MELHORAMENTO DE PLANTAS CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE FUNGOS PARA A GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE SEMENTES DE Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f. E Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. CARACTERIZAÇÃO(ORCHIDACEAE) MORFOLÓGICA OCORRENTES DE FUNGOS PARANO BIOMA A GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE SEMENTESCERRADO DE Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f. E Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (ORCHIDACEAE)KELLEN, OCORRENTES CRISTHINA INÁCIO NO CERRADO SOUSA KELLEN CRISTHINA INÁCIO SOUSA Orientador (a): Orientadora: Prof. Dra.Prof.ª Leila GarcêsDra Leila de Araújo Garcês de Araújo Junho – 2012 Goiânia - GO Junho – 2012 Brasil 1 2 KELLEN CRISTHINA INÁCIO SOUSA CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE FUNGOS PARA A GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE SEMENTES DE Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f. E Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. (ORCHIDACEAE) OCORRENTES NO BIOMA CERRADO Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, da Universidade Federal de Goiás, como exigência para obtenção do título de Mestre em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas. Orientadora: Prof.a Dra. Leila Garcês de Araújo Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Tadeu Sibov GOIÂNIA, GO – Brasil 2012 3 4 5 “Devemos lembrar que o dia de ontem faz parte da história; o futuro é um eterno enigma; e o hoje é um dom de Deus, por isso tem o nome de presente” (Luiz Eduardo Boudakian) À minha mãe, Sra Maria Ester, pelo amor incondicional e pela capacidade renovadora de fazer um mundo melhor a cada dia. Ao meu pai, Sr Josué, por sua integridade estimável e seu humor sensível. DEDICO Aos meus queridos: tio Quim, tio avô Zé Rita e vovô Antônio Brandão. Meu avô eu não pude conhecer pessoalmente, mas sinto que o conheço de outros tempos. Atualmente estes entes queridos residem no Plano Maior, mas se fazem presentes em minha vida me instigando o desejo de ser alguém melhor e seguir em frente com serenidade e discernimento. OFEREÇO 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Deus eu sou grata, de todo o meu coração, espírito e corpo, por me conceder, a quietude suficiente para caminhar pelas estradas da vida. Por ser meu Guia e meu Porto Seguro. Por me encher os olhos de brilho e admiração diante tantas descobertas maravilhosas. Por me proporcionar bons momentos, e também pelos “maus bocados”, pois como eu poderia apreciar o Bom se eu não conhecesse aquilo que não me faz bem? Sou grata à Universidade Federal de Goiás pelas instalações, e à CAPES, por financiar meus estudos e minha “fome” de saber e de viver. Quero agradecer ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas, na pessoa da professora Dra Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo, pela oportunidade de incrementar meus conhecimentos e respaldar meu anseio de estudar sempre, mais e mais. À professora, Dra Leila Garcês de Araújo que, com graça e bondade, assumiu a missão de me orientar tanto na Graduação quanto no Mestrado. Aos professores Dr Sérgio Tadeu Sibov e Dra Letícia de Almeida Gonçalves, que me orientaram em áreas nas quais, sozinha, eu não alcançaria êxito. Aos meus queridos pais Maria Ester e Josué por serem minhas fontes de inspiração e caráter. Ao meu irmão Antônio Netto, por ser um Ser esplêndido e por me fazer sorrir com tanta facilidade. Aos meus irmãos Diogo, Nádia e Glaucia aos quais, por generosidade divina, conquistei além de vínculos familiares. Em quantas vidas eu viver, em todas serei apaixonada por vocês, enquanto pessoas e enquanto “peças” ímpares do meu círculo de afetos. Ao meu avô Antônio Inácio, por seu jeito manso e brasilidade apurados. Às minhas avós Virgínia e Francisca, por terem me educado na infância e na adolescência, e por trazerem consigo a grandiosidade dos Bons Costumes e da Honra. À tia Angela, por ter me acolhido em um momento decisivo para o que vivo agora. Agradeço também às Senhoras Célia Cunha, Célia Seabra, Aparecida, Antônia Regina, Maria Janete, Célia Aparecida, Dalva e Teresinha, por se entilurem “minhas mães” de coração e pelo apoio em diversas ocasiões. Aos professores, funcionários e amigos da Escola Municipal de Primeiro Grau Procópio Faria ou Núcleo Escolar Caxangá. Aos colegas e vizinhos do Projeto de Assentamento Itaporã do Norte em Vila Rica – MT, bem como aos companheiros da Comunidade Santa Inês, de cujas celebrações me recordo com carinho e sorrio, sorrio para não chorar por tanta saudade. Aos colegas do Ensino Médio, que cursei no Colégio Estadual Ariston Gomes da Silva em Iporá – GO, em especial aos amigos Edson, Estevão e Renata. 7 Aos meus eternos amigos da Uni-ANHANGUERA (Goiânia-GO). Jamais esquecerei o CDBio (Centro de Distribuição de Biólogos) montado em minha casa pelos “anfitriões às avessas” Danusy, Diogo, Aline, Patrícia, Fabiano e Samir. Aos meus padrinhos, Iraci e Gilmar, por estarem sempre por perto e desempenhando o papel que assumiram em meu Batismo. Aos Padres Pedro Casaldáliga, Fábio de Melo, Robson, Zezinho e Saraiva, vocês foram cruciais para meus dias de reencontro comigo mesma e com o Bem Maior. Ao querido Chico Xavier, que embora eu só saiba de nome e obras, é meu referencial de fé e caridade. Aos queridos tios e primos os quais não citarei por nome, se o fizer será o mesmo que construir um gigantesco Jardim Genealógico. A todos os amigos que conquistei por estes trajetos da vida, espero revê-los em uma das voltas que terei nesta e tantas outras existências. Às amigas Ana Paula e Stella Cristina por formarmos um belo e animado trio de aspirantes ao Mestrado. Foi difícil, mas agora podemos sorrir de tantas “dores de cabeça” por não entender os “fenômemos” biológicos e estatísticos. Ao querido amigo Paulo Faria que, com tantos ensinamentos e muitas risadas nos últimos três anos, auxiliou-me na caminhada. À Flávia por ter contribuído, de modo solene, em momentos de grande dificuldade. À Dra Tatiane e ao Laboratório Multiusuário de Microscopia de Alta Resolução (LabMic) por proporcionarem a realização de um sonho dentro da Pesquisa e também uma realização pessoal. Às amigas Vaneide e Selma, por serem tão solícitas e engraçadas. Às amigas funcionárias do ICB 1, em especial a querida Verinha que, infelismente, não mais trabalha por lá. A todos os demais amigos com os quais tenho a honra de conviver no Campus II, bem como em todas as instalações da UFG. Não posso terminar sem agradecer, de forma suntuosa, aos caríssimos amigos do Laboratório de Genética de Microrganismos. Aqui deixo meus sinceros aplausos a uma turma que se renova, se organiza para trabalhar e se mobiliza para festejar, e que serão sempre meus queridos amigos. Agradeço a ternura que recebi de Amanda, Jacqueline, Denise, Isa, Dani, Aline, Carlos, Acássio, Ernane, Fernanda, Alini, Aldeíde, Rejane, Luciano, Daniela, Talita, Diego, Lívia e a todos os que passaram por mim e deixaram seus vestígios de carinho. Termino por dizer que a amizade e o trabalho em equipe fizeram de mim um Ser Renovado. Ter amigos é cavalgar por entre pastagens verdes em pleno inverno, é se banhar nas águas mais profundas da felicidade, e é por ter amigos que eu quero continuar desvendando os mistérios da vida. Aos tantos integrantes importantes nesta jornada, obrigada! 8 SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................ 10 LISTA DE TABELAS ............................................................................................ 12 RESUMO ................................................................................................................ 13 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... 14 1 INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................... 15 2 REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO ................................................................ 18 2.1 FAMÍLIA ORCHIDACEAE ................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Características das orquídeas ............................................................ 18 2.1.2 Orquídeas no Cerrado ......................................................................... 20 2.1.3 As espécies Cyrtopodium saintlegerianum Rchb. f. e Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq ..................................................................................... 21 2.1.4 Formação de cápsulas e sementes de orquídeas ................................ 23 2.2 FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ................................................................... 26 2.2.1 Micorrizas .............................................................................................. 26 2.2.2 Micorrizas Orquidóides ........................................................................ 27 2.2.3 Identificação de Fungos Micorrízicos Rizoctonioides ........................ 28 2.2.4 Associação entre Fungos micorrízicos e orquídeas ............................ 29 2.3 GERMINAÇÃO IN VITRO DE SEMENTES DE ORQUÍDEAS .......... 30 2.3.1 Germinação assimbiótica ................................................................... 30 2.3.2 Germinação simbiótica ......................................................................... 31 3 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .................................................................. 33 3.1 COLETA DO MATERIAL VEGETAL ................................................... 33 3.2 ISOLAMENTO DOS FUNGOS ............................................................. 34 3.3 IDENTIFICAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DOS ISOLADOS ................... 34 9 3.4 CARACTERIZAÇÃO
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