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China's Stadium Diplomacy and Its Determinants: a Typological
Hugh Vondracek JCIR: Vol. 7, No. 1 (2019) China’s Stadium Diplomacy and its Determinants: A Typological Investigation of Soft Power Hugh Vondracek* Abstract Since 1958, China has constructed over 140 sports facilities around the world. Previous research into stadium diplomacy lacks definitional clarity, has not systematically investigated the phenomenon, and crucially, has failed to explain why China employs stadium diplomacy where it does. This article defines the phenomenon and locates all known cases without temporal or geographic restrictions. We create a classification system and typology, permitting a comparison of theoretically-like types to develop and test a multi-determinant theory. We find empirical evidence that China employs stadium diplomacy to secure natural resources and to secure diplomatic recognition in line with the One-China policy. These findings have important implications for scholarship into the use of soft power within interstate rivalry, and the methodology demonstrates that a clear typology of soft power which is mutually exclusive and logically exhaustive can be created and is informative. Keywords: China, stadium diplomacy, soft power, interstate rivalry Introduction1 Several dozen photographers and reporters hurried into position while onlookers jostled for view, dodging the earthmovers and dust of the construction site. The President’s limousine was pulling up, but no one had come to see him. Lionel Messi was here! The best player of the world’s most popular game was in Port-Gentil, Gabon, a world away from his home in Barcelona, to lay the cornerstone of China’s newest stadium (Djellit, 2015). Just the latest example of China’s stadium diplomacy, a soft-power push dating back to 1958, reaching from Antigua, to Vanuatu, to Dar es Salaam. -
Home Office, United Kingdom
GHANA COUNTRY ASSESSMENT APRIL 2002 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM CONTENTS I. Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.5 II. Geography 2.1 - 2.2 Economy 2.3 III. History 3.1 - 3.2 IV. State Structures The Constitution 4.1 - 4.3 Political System 4.4 - 4.8 Judiciary 4.9 - 4.15 Military 4.16 (i) National Service 4.17 Internal Security 4.18 - 4.22 Legal Rights/Detention 4.23 - 4.24 Prisons and Prison conditions 4.25 - 4.30 Medical Services 4.31 - 4.38 Educational System 4.39 - 4.41 V. Human Rights V.A Human Rights Issues Overview 5.1 - 5.4 Freedom of Speech and the Media 5.5 - 5.11 Freedom of Religion 5.12 - 5.19 Freedom of Assembly & Association 5.20 - 5.25 Employment Rights 5.26 - 5.28 People Trafficking 5.29 - 5.34 Freedom of Movement 5.35 - 5.36 V.B Human Rights - Specific Groups Women 5.37 - 5.43 (i) Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 5.44 - 5.45 (ii) The Trokosi system 5.46 - 5.48 Children 5.49 - 5.55 Ethnic Groups 5.56 - 5.60 Homosexuals 5.61 V.C Human Rights - Other Issues Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) 5.62 Annexes: Chronology of Events Political Organisations Prominent People References to Source Material I. Scope of Document 1.1. This assessment has been produced by the Country Information & Policy Unit, Immigration & Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. 1.2. The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum determination process. -
CODEO's Pre-Election Environment Observation Statement
Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) CONTACT Mr. Albert Arhin, CODEO National Coordinator +233 (0) 24 474 6791 / (0) 20 822 1068 Secretariat: +233 (0)244 350 266/ 0277 744 777 Email:[email protected]: Website: www.codeoghana.org CODEO’s Pre-election Environment Observation Statement-September Introduction STATEMENT ON THE VOTER REGISTER The Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) is pleased to release the second of its pre-election environment observation findings covering August 31st to September 28, 2016. The findings in this report are based on bi-weekly field reports submitted by CODEO’s Long Term Observers (CODEO LTOs) deployed in 134 out of the 138 constituencies randomly selected from the 10 regions of Ghana. Guided by a checklist, CODEO’s LTOs observe the general political environment, including election-related preparatory activities by state and non-state actors, civic/voter education programs as well as political party campaign activities. The LTOs also observe the conduct of the security agencies, electoral irregularities and pre-election disputes adjudication. Summary of Findings: The Electoral Commission (EC) is undertaking key preparatory activities ahead of the elections across the constituencies. Radio continues to remain the main medium for civic/voter education in the constituencies. The National Democratic Congress (NDC) and the New Patriotic Party (NPP) continue to remain the most visible parties with regard to election campaigning activities across the constituencies under observation. Four key policy priority issues: education, unemployment, health and corruption dominated political party campaigns in the constituencies. The National Democratic Congress (NDC) leads as the party that featured women and Persons with Disability (PWDs) as the leading speakers on their campaign platform followed by the New Patriotic Party (NPP), the Convention People’s Party (CPP) and Progressive People’s Party (PPP). -
Family Histories from the Banda Traditional Area, Brong-Ahafo
Family Histories from the Banda Traditional Area, Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana 1986 Recorded by: Ann Stahl, Assistant Professor Department of Anthropology State University of New York, Binghamton Binghamton, NY USA Translated by: James Anane, Project Director Nafaanra Literacy Project Banda-Ahenkro Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana First Circulated 1989 Reissued with Photos & Additional Histories 2011 DEDICATION This collection is dedicated to the elderly people and Elders of Banda -- those remarkable men and women who are repositories of stories about the past. The people of Banda have in their midst individuals who are exceptional sources of information about the history of the Banda peoples. Most of these people are elderly, and it is hoped that the younger generations of Banda will pause to listen, to take notice and remember the traditons of previous generations. i A Note on 2011 Reissue of “Family Histories from the Banda Traditional Area” Most of the family histories in this volume were first circulated in a typescript booklet produced in 1989 based on interviews conducted as part of a family history project conducted with the research assistance of Mr. James Anane in 1986. The archaeological project that followed our family history research has now spanned more than two decades. While in Banda conducting archaeological research in 2009, I was asked by individuals in the community if it would be possible to reissue the family history booklet because the original printing had limited circulation and many of the original copies lost or misplaced. Over the years while pursuing archaeological research, additional families had requested that their family histories be included if a revised version of the booklet was ever produced. -
Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) CONTACT Mr
Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) CONTACT Mr. Albert Arhin, CODEO National Coordinator +233 (0) 24 474 6791 / (0) 20 822 1068 Secretariat: +233 (0)244 350 266/ 0277 744 777 Email:[email protected]: Website: www.codeoghana.org CODEO’s Pre-election Environment Observation Statement ( 15th July- 31st August, 2016) STATEMENT ON THE VOTER REGISTER Introduction The Coalition of Domestic Election Observers (CODEO) is pleased to release its findings on the pre-election environment for the period mid July to 31st August, 2016. This report is the first in the series of CODEO’s pre-election environment observations for the 2016 presidential and parliamentary elections, and captures bi-weekly reports filed by CODEO’s Long Term Observers (LTOs) deployed across the country. The findings in this report are based on bi-weekly field reports submitted in the month of July and August from 134 out of the 138 constituencies randomly selected from the 10 regions of Ghana. Guided by a checklist, CODEO’s LTOs observe the general political environment, including election-related preparatory activities by state and non-state actors, civic/voter education programs as well as political party campaign activities. The LTOs also observe the conduct of the security agencies, electoral irregularities and pre-election disputes adjudication. Summary of Findings: The National Commission on Civic Education (NCCE) and the Electoral Commission (EC) have stepped-up civic/voter education across the country using radio as the main medium for educating the public. There is low visibility of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) working in the areas of election violence monitoring, and peace promotion activities. -
"Anora'S Report on the Anyinam
Basel Mission Archives "Anora's Report on the Anyinam District in 1886" Title: "Anora's Report on the Anyinam District in 1886" Ref. number: D-01.45.IV..71 Date: Proper date: 31.12.1886 Description: Describing his community of 37 he writes that some of them are emancipated slaves from Kwahu. But they only stop in Anyinam for two or three years, and then go on ’to the wilderness' (marginal comment by a missionary 'he means the coast') 'to join their fellows; so they are lost to the community. Other Christians are Kwahus. There are only two Anyinam natives in the community. 2 Anyinam people are catechumen, two ex-slaves also, and some children. Of his 8 pupils in the community school, 3 had graduated to the Kibi school. Kwabeng - most of the children of the Christians are not baptised because the mothers are still heathen and will not allow it. Nevertheless there are 15-l7 scholars in Khabeng. He is well contented with the people in Asunafo. They work well together. 12-24 children in the community school. Both in Tumfa and Akropong there were exclusions for adultery. Subject: [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.45 - Ghana 1886: D-01.45.IV. - Begoro Type: Text Ordering: Please contact us by email [email protected] Contact details: Basel Mission Archives/ mission 21, Missionstrasse 21, 4003 Basel, tel. (+41 61 260 2232), fax: (+41 61 260 2268), [email protected] Rights: All the images (photographic and non- photographic) made available in this collection are the property of the Basel Mission / mission 21. -
North East Gonja District Assembly
Table of Contents PART A: STRATEGIC OVERVIEW ................................................................................ 3 1. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DISTRICT .................................................................... 3 2. VISION ..................................................................................................................... 3 3. MISSION .................................................................................................................. 3 4. GOALS ..................................................................................................................... 3 5. CORE FUNCTIONS ................................................................................................. 3 6. DISTRICT ECONOMY .............................................................................................. 4 7. KEY ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2020 ............................................................................... 6 8. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE ................................................ 7 9. NMTDF POLICY OBJECTIVES IN LINE WITH SDGs AND TARGETS AND COST 9 10. POLICY OUTCOME INDICATORS AND TARGETS .......................................... 10 PART B: BUDGET PROGRAMME/SUB-PROGRAMME SUMMARY ......................... 11 PROGRAMME 1: MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION ................................... 11 PROGRAMME 2: INFRASTRUCTURE DELIVERY AND MANAGEMENT .............. 24 PROGRAMME 3: SOCIAL SERVICES DELIVERY .................................................. 30 PROGRAMME 4: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -
Ethnic Markets in the American Retail Landscape: African
ETHNIC MARKETS IN THE AMERICAN RETAIL LANDSCAPE: AFRICAN MARKETS IN COLUMBUS, CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, AND AKRON, OHIO A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hyiamang Safo Odoom December 2012 Dissertation written by Hyiamang Safo Odoom B.A., University of Ghana,Ghana, 1980 M.S., University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 1991 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by ___________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee David H. Kaplan, Ph.D. ___________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Milton E. Harvey, Ph.D. ___________________________, Sarah Smiley, Ph.D. ___________________________, Steven Brown, Ph.D. ___________________________, Polycarp Ikuenobe, Ph.D. Accepted by ___________________________, Chair, Department of Geography Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Ph.D. ___________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Timothy S. Moerland, Ph.D. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE: THE AFRICAN MARKET/GROCERY STORE .................................1 Introduction…………………….……………………………….………………….1 What is a Market/African Market? ..........................................................................1 -
Ankara Üniversitesi DİL VE TARİH COĞRAFYA Fakültesi Dergisi
D.T.C.F. Kütüphanesi Ankara Üniversitesi DİL VE TARİH COĞRAFYA Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt XX Sayı: 3-4 Temmuz - Aralık 1962 KIBRIS MÜŞAHEDELERİ1 Prof. Dr. Cevat R. GÜRSOY Bundan seksenbeş yıl önce Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun bir parçası iken, padişahın hükümranlık hakkı mahfuz kalmak üzere fiilî idaresi İngiltere'ye terkedilen, fakat 16 Ağustos 1960 tarihinden beri müstakil bir devlet haline gelmiş bulunan Kıbrıs adası, bugünün en çok ilgi toplayan konularından birini teşkil etmektedir. Muhtelif meslekten insanların gittikçe daha yakından meşgul olduğu bu eski yurt parçasına, ötedenberi Akdeniz memleketleri üzerinde: çalış tığımız için hususî bir alâka duymakta idik. Bu sebeple 1959 ve 1960 yaz tatillerinde Kıbrıs'a giderek onu yakından tanımaya karar verdik ve bütün adayı dolaşarak coğrafî müşahedeler yaptık. Bu müşahedelere imkân veren seyahatlerin yapılmasında maddî ve manevî müzaherette bulunmuş olan Fakültemiz Dekanlığı ile Ülkeler Coğrafyası Kürsü Profesörlüğüne, Kıbrıs Türk Kurumları Federasyonu Başkanlığına, Kıbrıs Türk Maarif Dairesi Müdür ve elemanlarına, orada yakın ilgilerini gördüğümüz eski ve yeni öğrencilerimize ve nihayet misafirperver Kıbrıslı Türk kardeşlerimize teşekkürü, yerine getirilmesi icabeden bir vazife sayarız. Kıbrıs hakkında yazılmış birçok eser ve makale vardır. Bunlar arasında seyahatnamelerle tarihi, siyasi, arkeolojik ve jeolojik çalışmalar zikredilmeye değer. 1929 senesinden evvel neşredilmiş olan 1500 den fazla eser, makale, 1) Türk Coğrafya Kurumu tarafından Konya'da tertip edilmiş olan XIII. Coğrafya Meslek Haftasında, 12 Kasım 1959 tarihinde verilen münakaşalı konferansın metni olup 1960 da ya pılan yeni müşahedelerle kısmen tadil ve tevsi edilmiştir. Ayrıca 1963 yılı Ocak ayında Alman ya'nın Hamburg Coğrafya Cemiyetinde, Kiel Üniversitesinde ve son olarak Samsun'da tertip edilen XV. Coğrafya Meslek Haftasında 1 Haziran 1963 tarihinde Kıbrıs hakkında konferanslar verilmiştir. -
Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Public Transport in Ghana
Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Public transport in Ghana : assessment of opportunities to improve the capacity of the Kejetia public transport terminal in Kumasi, Ghana van Hoeven, Nathalie Award date: 1999 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY OF THE KEJETIA PUBLIC TRANSPORT TERMINAL IN KUMASI, GHANA I APPENDICES N. van Hoeven December 1999 Supervisors Eindhoven University of Technology Drs. H. C.J.J. Gaiflard Ir. E.L.C. van Egmond-de Wilde de Ligny Faculty of Technology Management Department of International Technology and Development Studies Ir. A. W.J. Borgers Faculty of Building Engineering Department of Planning In co-operation with Dr. -
UK Overseas Territories
INFORMATION PAPER United Kingdom Overseas Territories - Toponymic Information United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), also known as British Overseas Territories (BOTs), have constitutional and historical links with the United Kingdom, but do not form part of the United Kingdom itself. The Queen is the Head of State of all the UKOTs, and she is represented by a Governor or Commissioner (apart from the UK Sovereign Base Areas that are administered by MOD). Each Territory has its own Constitution, its own Government and its own local laws. The 14 territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory (BAT); British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT); British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; UK Sovereign Base Areas. PCGN recommend the term ‘British Overseas Territory Capital’ for the administrative centres of UKOTs. Production of mapping over the UKOTs does not take place systematically in the UK. Maps produced by the relevant territory, preferably by official bodies such as the local government or tourism authority, should be used for current geographical names. National government websites could also be used as an additional reference. Additionally, FCDO and MOD briefing maps may be used as a source for names in UKOTs. See the FCDO White Paper for more information about the UKOTs. ANGUILLA The territory, situated in the Caribbean, consists of the main island of Anguilla plus some smaller, mostly uninhabited islands. It is separated from the island of Saint Martin (split between Saint-Martin (France) and Sint Maarten (Netherlands)), 17km to the south, by the Anguilla Channel. -
Ghana Poverty Mapping Report
ii Copyright © 2015 Ghana Statistical Service iii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Ghana Statistical Service wishes to acknowledge the contribution of the Government of Ghana, the UK Department for International Development (UK-DFID) and the World Bank through the provision of both technical and financial support towards the successful implementation of the Poverty Mapping Project using the Small Area Estimation Method. The Service also acknowledges the invaluable contributions of Dhiraj Sharma, Vasco Molini and Nobuo Yoshida (all consultants from the World Bank), Baah Wadieh, Anthony Amuzu, Sylvester Gyamfi, Abena Osei-Akoto, Jacqueline Anum, Samilia Mintah, Yaw Misefa, Appiah Kusi-Boateng, Anthony Krakah, Rosalind Quartey, Francis Bright Mensah, Omar Seidu, Ernest Enyan, Augusta Okantey and Hanna Frempong Konadu, all of the Statistical Service who worked tirelessly with the consultants to produce this report under the overall guidance and supervision of Dr. Philomena Nyarko, the Government Statistician. Dr. Philomena Nyarko Government Statistician iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................