5480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEl_ ATI~. SEPTEJH13ER 16,
By Mr. MORGAN: A bill (H. n: 9300) granting an increase Iall of Lincoln, Ill., 1wot sting a<>'ain. t the Siegel bill· to the of pension to Charles C. Twyford; to the Committee on In"\'alid Committee on Agriculture. ' Pen ions. Also, petition of Sterling Merchant ' A · ·ociation, Sterling, Ill., lly l\11·. SANFORD: A bill (H. n. 9307) for the relief of the containing protest against the Jones bill Senate bill 2904 · to estate of Sarah H. Flack, deceased; to the Committee on Claims. the Committee on the Judiciary. ' ' By l\fr. SELLS: A bill (H. R. 9308) granting an increase of Also, petition of the Travelers' Protective Al ociation of Amer· pension to Edward l\IcClellan; to the Committee on Pensions.. ica, Post D, illinois Division, Springfield, Ill., urging the pa. sage By Mr. SLEMP: A bill (R R. 9309) to authorize the Commis- of House bill 4378; to the Committee on Inter tate and ForeiO'n sioner of Patents to inve tigate the extension of a patent i sued Commerce. to Earnest ,V. Ladd, Hunter Arnold, William H. Rohrer, Harry Also, petition of Sterling Association of Commerce, Sterling, L. Wheatley, B. M. McQuinn, and Thomas J. Farrer; to the Oom- m., urging the pas age of Hou e bill 8080 and Senate bill 2492, to mittee on Patents. create Federal home loan bank; to the Committee on Banking By l\Ir. THO~IPSON of Ohio : A bill (H. R. 9310) granting a and Currency. pension to lary Ellen R. Hatch; to the Committee on Invalid Also, petiti{)n Of Chicago Wheel & l\Ianufacturing Co., Chicago, Pensions. Ill., urging the pa age of Hou::;e bills 5011, G012. and 7010, con- By 1\Ir. WELTY: A bill (H. R. 9311) granting a pen .. ion to cerning the Patent Office; to the Committee on Patents. .Alice G. Donze; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of Hon. S. E. Bradt, superintendent of highways, By ~1r . WILLIAl\fS: A bill (H. R. 9312) ~ranting an increase State of Illinois, containing protest against proposed lt>gislation of pension to John L. Mead; to the Committee on Invalid Pen- to place an embargo on the u e of open-top cars for the carry· sion.'. ing of all materials except coal; to the Committe on the .Judi< cia.ry. PETITIONS, ETC~ Al o, petition of Korth 'Ve. tern Expanded l\Ietal Co., Chicago, Dl.~ urging the passage of House bills 5011, 5012, and 7010 ; to Unller clause 1 of Rule X."XXI, petitions anti papers were laid the Committee on Patents. on t!Je Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Also, petition. of \\T. C. Ritchie & Co., Chicago. Ill., urging By Mr. DOWELL: Petition of resident of Des ~foines, Iowa, pas aooe of Hou. e bills 50ll, 5012, and 7010; to the Committe on relath·e to return of American troops from Russia; to the Com- Patents. mittee on ::Militarv Affairs. · By Mr. FULLER of Illinois: Petition of ,V. C. Ritchie & Co., of Chicago, IlL, concerning patent legislation ; to the Committee SENATE. on Patent~. By Mr. LUFKIN: Petition of Post No. 80, American Legion, TUEsDA-Y, SezJte1nber 16, 1919. Ipswich. :\In~:: ., in favor of congressional im·estigation to place responsibility for all alleged unnece sa.ry wrongs inflicted The Chaplain, Rev. Forr , t J. Prettyman, D._ D., offer(> U the against officer and soldiers of the American Expeclitionary following prayer: · Force ·; to the Committee on :Military Affair . Almighty God, we lift our hearts to Thee. Th Thy pro....-itlence By l\lr. GARNER : Petition of A. \V. Bloor, chairman ~:a. we haYe been brought face to face with great issues affecting tiona! Guard .Association of Te:x:a , a king Congr s to establish the life of the world. The i nes have gi>en rise to large dif and maintain a national militia corps; to the 'ommittee on ference of opinion, and as we face them to-dny we would re Military Affairs. member the divine order, for Thou hast taught us that we By l\lr. McCLINTIC: Petition of sunclry citizens of Okla should seek first the Kingdom of God and His rigbteousne s, lwma in fa Yor of the Kenyon bill, Senate bill 2022; to the Com with the promise that all these things . hall be a
French, Austrian equally with Italian, saw what he saw in the could without immediately falling accept 1\Ir. Wil on's proposals league of nations, were prepared to make the sacrifices neces as he now presented them to the Paris conference. The English sary to remove all tlle causes of rivalry and of grudge and to people were in no mood to consent to the abolition or the regu enter a new w·orld without sm·viving antipathies. lation of that control of the sen which had been the basis of "PROPOSALS NOT ACCEPTED I~ SENSE OFFERED. their independence and greatnes for centuries. They had spe "Kow, \Yhat were the fact~? In tlle first place it seems reason cifically excluded this point when called upon by the President ably clear, in the light of sub equent events, that the 14 points to accept his whole scheme. were not accepted by any people in the sense Mr. Wilson and a " The French people w-ere in no mood, nor ·was their Go,ern large number of American people believed they had been accepted ment, to consent to any reduction in the reparations to be de by all. The Germans, on the edge of supreme political disaster, manded of Germany that the cau ·e of international peace in seize(} upon Mr. Wilson' proposal as the single alternative to the future might be advanced. Theil· northern regions in ruins, in\asion. They belie\ed that Mr. Wilson would so press his their factories wrecked, their mines destroyed, their sole re 14 points that Germany would escape the logical c-onsequence" source against permanent ruin was discoverable in the price to of her attack upon her neighbors, and they recognized that bow be demanded of Germany. ever far short of thi the re ult might fall nothing could be worse "As to tlle Italians, they had entered the wm· only when they than the future \\hich stared her in the face in October, 1918. bad received from Great Britain, France, and Rus ia specific "Our associates, on the contrary, recognized that any break promises enabling them to acquire territory which they ha " But if he should yield to the British and the French, both '-' l\Ieantime the Roumanians, quftting the Paris conference, of whom were united in the matter of reparations, and if he have resorted to arms to enforce their claim·, and in thiN course should in addition fulfill his pledge in the matter of the Poles, they have the tacit sympathy of many l•'renchmen and the open then no peace of under tanding with Germany was even con approval of the Italians. ceivable. Deprived of 30,000 square miles of her ·lichest terri "We have, then, in 11 months, during which we have en tory, faced with the most colossal indemnity in all history, her deavored to impose upon Europe an American conception of eastern ft-:ontiers so mutilated that an enemy boundary was what just peace terms should be and of how the world should pushed within a hundred miles of Berlin, and a barrier inter be reorganized to secure peace, failed in the case of Great posed between East Prus ia and the rest of Germany, there was Britain, France, Italy, and the Japanese, to coerce the Govern not the smalle t possibility that Germany would accept this peace ments or persuade the people to accept our views. We have in any other spirit than that of a conquered nation that momen surrendered completely to tile Btitish and to the Japanese. We tarily bows to the irresistible power of tile victor. have compromised with tile French by undertaking to send our "American purpose, while controlling the Paris conference, troops to aid in the defense of France at the Saar rather than by reason of material factors frequently confused with moral permit 1.1-,rance to defend her elf at the Rhine, and in the case force, thus broke down at a very early _stage in the peace nego of Italy we confront a deadlock which has existed for nearly tiations. In those circumstances, vital to tileir existence, the half a year. British and the French representatives refused to accept the "\Ve have incurred bitter re entment in Italy by refusing to 14 points. Moreover, they jointly proclaimed a policy, the recognize Italian claims, and whatever good will we might have justice of which was patent, with respect to Germany which earned in Japan by our surrender has already l>een destroyed made the chance of a peace of conciliation illusory. The com by the course of the Senate in questioning that surrender. HaV' promise which covered this crisis changed nothing. An agree ing refused to recognize the French right to· occupy the Rhine ment to wai\e the issue of the freec:lom of the seas, to consent barrier, we shall now earn permanent :b.,rench distrust and worse to an alliance with France as a substitute for the Rhine bar unless we agree to fulfill l\Ir. 'Vilson's promise to give American rier and to the recognition of French claims to indemnities, in Armies in exchange for geographical advantages if the Germans cluding the Saar Basin-comprises which, while they pre strike again. Among the small peoples, the Roumanians aml served the name of the league of nations and its existence on the Greeks, and even the Serbs and Poles, one holding us re paper, were ultimate proofs of tile fact that Great Britain and sponsible for the bestowal of Slovene land::; upon Italy and the France had themselves refused to adopt the principles underly other indicting us for the Danzig compromise, are denouncing us. ing the league, while tile comprises insured German hostility "RESEXTliENT IN ~GROPE TOW.lllD A:UERICA." POLICY. and made certain German effort to e ·cape by war \Yilenever "On the other hand, can it be said that the German feels the opportunity came. more kindly to us or is more willing, except under dure ;~ , to u ITALY A.'\0 J .AP.L" ALSO REJECTE D 1.1 r OIXTS . accept the deci. ·ion of the treaty of Versailles? Does he not, " Following the French and British examples came the as a matter of fact, indict us as a Nation for having failed to Italian and Japanese episodes. Italy po ·itively declined to fulfill his conception of the meaning of the 14 points? Does he permit the 14 points to be applied against her in tile Adriatic, not hold us responsible for having persuaded him to surrender pointing to her treaty with Great Britain and France and call and then, when he had grounde~ his arms, allowed his enemies ing upon her British and French allies to carry out their prom to despoil him? As to Austria, Hungary, and Bulgaria, dismem ises. Japan in Shantung made similar demanc:ls with a similar bered however justly, the two former reduced from the condi appeal to the same allies, and in both cases France and Great tions of really great States to that of pitiable principalitic. , is Britain signified their intention to stand by tileir written it conceivable that they will either regarc:l the present settlement pledge, however repugnant it migilt be to them. Here again as permanent or have anything but hau·ec:l for the Nation which was irrefutable proof that two more great powers Ilad accepted to all outward appearance, at least, dominated tile Pari. con only with fatal reservations and limitations the American ference and accepted respon ibility for its decision? policy in the matter of peace and world reorganization. "In sum it ~eems to me that the course of American foreign " 'Vhat the great powers had done the smaller powers now policy in Europe between the signing of the armistice alliJ the proceeded to imitate. The Serbs went into Albania; the Rou present moment has resulted in the creation of a resentment manians into Hungary; the Greeks gave unmistakable evi rising to bitter dislike in many cases, in all European nations: dence of an unwillingness to surrender age-long claims in We are to-day us unpopular among our recent associates, with Thrace at American behest. Roumania went to Budapest the po sible exception of Great Britain, and for obvious reasons, against an American-procured veto of the conference of Paris as we have been and remain among our recent enemies. Our and stayed ·there as long as she cilose, meantime mobilizing solutions for the future reorganization ~f the world, accepted other armies to drive her Serb neigllbor. · out of that portion of only after modification in tile beginning, arc now being ~et the Banat a\varded to the Serbs at Paris. aside both privately and publicly. A peace of understantling, "Meantime, with ever-increasing clarity, there was mani to procure which we went to Burope, has not been had. The festing itself in Europe an impatience with American policy Germans, the Austrian , the Bulgarian~, and tile Hungarians which is becoming one of the most significant and dangerous are not reconciled to tile peace terms, most of all to those p ace circumstance. in the European situation. . 'o far a. tile British terms which conform most closely to the H points. are concerned, American policy hns in each separate in tance "Roumanian troops have . eizetl Iluugarian cities anc:l terri yieltled to British desires. 'Ye have 'vai,ed the issue of the tories; Italian troops still remain in Dalmatia :mel in Fiume. freedom of the seas, permitted tile Briti. ·h to annex: the greater l\lore and more Europe is going buck to the old familiar illethoc:l 110rtion of the German colonies, recognized a British protec of dealing with its problem ' and, what is more deplorable than torate in Egypt, and lookell with complacency upon Britisil pos all, that effort on tile part of tile United State. to contribute to . -ession of the large part of the Arab worlu. But if there has making peace permanent and to aboli h hatred is resulting in been no clash as a con equence there exists in Great Britain a the concentration of European c:lislike, to n e no stronger wol'(], Yery consitlerable and very influential element which looks upon the United States. with tli. may upon a British foreign l)Olicy which in a large "EUUOI' E SEEKS FilEEDOll Io'llOM A:\lEillCA"' ISFL E?o;CE. measure has : upported America in a long series of conflicts 'Underlying all this situation, not without its danger for the with Europe..'ln nation who were recently the allies of Great future, it cern to me there must be di~covcred a fundamental Rritain, antl may, as a consequence of 1~ecent ovents, be c:lriven mistake. I did not find in the six months I speut in Europe into a new G r}nan alliance. l\loreoYer, so far as the league of any general or considerable acceptance of any part of tile Amer 11ation. i. concerned, the British GoYernment has only ac ican doctrine a expre. cd by the American representatives at eeptell it when it ha · been so tlenatured as to carry no threat Paris. I do not find any belief in the league of nation , ::tnd to any special British interest. it was plain that neither the British, the Frencll, the Italians, "Ai\IEHIC.-1.:'\ r OLICY '"lEWED WITH SL'SPICIO"' DY FREXCII. nor the Japanese were ready to adopt tile 14 point , saye where these did not imperil a national intere t. "On the part of the French, ~\.merican policy is viewed and "Now, it eems to me that Europe, . lowly struggling to her ha heen from the start witil ever-increa. tng suspicion. Ameri cau oppo. ition, futile in tlle end, to French demands for repara feet once more, is l>oth consciously antl. unconsciously seeking tion, American ho tility to the French occupation of the Rhine to free herself from the control of American policy anc:l more harrier and the annexation of the Saar Basin have provoked and more to get back to those conditions which are the r suit deep resentment, while more and more thoughtful Frenchmen of centuries of history and at lea t a working knowledge of the have Yiewed with alarm the fashion in which France, by con facts as contrasted with the theories of European life." senting to various American decision contrary to the desires SURPLL"S WAR DEP.A.RT:UE~T EQL"IPME~T. of Itnly, Roumania. antl Greece, ha.· been piling up tlangerous - The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The hair lays before the ]lO~tility to her. elf on the part of the. ·e nations. Senate a corumnnicatiou from llH' ~{' <' l'l'hHy of ""'ar, trans- 1919. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE. 5483 ):nitting, in response to a resolution of June 30, 1919, a report H. J. Res.175. Joint resolution to provide for the payment .of the number and description of cars, trucks, and so forth, of tra:vel pay upon discharge to men of the Regular Army en .on hand, which are not needed by the War Department. The listed prior to April 2, 1917. communication will be printed in the RECORD and referred PETITIO-·s A.1\'"D l\£EYORL..\LS. to the Committee on 1\lilitary Affairs. l\Ir. •.rowNSEND. I present a letter in the nature of a peti The communication is as follows: tion from James H. Pound, of Detroit, Mich., having reference wAR DEPAilTME:ST, to the league of nations. I move that it be referred to the Com . Washington, September 15, 1.!J19. mittee on Foreign Relations. Sm: In accorda.ncc with Senate resolution No. 109, dated June 30, 1919, I have the honor to submit the following report on the question The motion was agreed to. of the number and description of cars, trucks, etc., which are not l\fr. CURTIS presented a memorial of sundry citizens of needed by the War Department, and the steps which have been taken Moundridge, Kan ., and a memorial of sundry citizens of Lebo, to inventory or classify such equipment and to sell and dispose of same. On April 15, 1919, the Chief of Staff declared a surplus of 5,503 Kan ·., remonstrating against uni-ver al military training, which passenger car , and 30,849 motor trucks. . were referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. Prior to thi. declaration and immediately subsequent thereto, there He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Cherry-vale, were ti·ansfen·ed with funds to other Government departments, such as the Navy, Marine Corps, Department of the ·Interior, etc., approximately Kans., and n petition of sundry citizens of Chanute, Kans., pray 600 vehicles. ing for an increase in the salaries of postal employees, which Congress had enacted legislation prior to April 15 authorizing, under were referred to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. certain conditions, the transfer of motor vehicles and equipment as He also presented a petition of Local Grange, Patrons of follows: Public act Ko. 185, July 2, 1918, section 8, for use of the Postal Husbandry, of Mound City, Kans., praying for the ratification of Service. the proposed league of nations treaty, which was ordered to lie Public act :!\o. 299, February 28. 1919, section 7, to the Department on the table. of Agriculture (Bureau of Public Roads). Public act No. 326, March 3, 1919, to the Treasury Department for He also presented a petition of the Homer J. Ball Post, Ameri the use of the Public Health Service. can Legion, of Emporia, Kans., praying for the passage of tlie Requisitions for the transfer of vehicles under these acts were o-called Sweet bill, providing for lump-SUJ;U payments of war submitted to the War Department and allotments made in accordance .with the requisitions received. risk insurance, wllich was referred to the Committee on Finance. The Post Office requisitioned 1,534 passenger cars and 5,343 trucks. He also presented a memorial of the Commercial Club of The Bureau of Public Roads requisitioned 3,466 passenger cars and Eureka, Kans., remonstrating against the enactment of legisla 24.359 trucks. tion providing for the marking of cost and selling prices of The Public Health Service requisitioned 251 passenger cars and 892 trucks. merchandise, which was referred to the Committee on the To fill these requisitions all of the remaining surplus vehicles were Judiciary. required, leaving none available for public sale. These requisitions, Mr. PHELAN presented a petition of the Board of Super after receiving the approval of the Office of the Director of Sales, were delivered to the Motor Transport Corps for action. Up to August 29 vi ·ors of Lo Angeles, Calif., praying for the construction of an there had been actually delivered, or in process of delivery, to the- all-American Canal for Imperial Valley, Calif., which was re Post Office, 1,033 passenger cars a.nd 2, 727 trucks. ferred to the Committee on Commerce. Bureau of Public Roads, 1,543 passenger cars and 11,289 trucks. Public Health Service, 15G passenger cars and 480 trucks. l\Ir. CAPPER presented a petition of Local Union No. 183, The sundry civil bill, passed July 19, 1919, section 5, bas been inter International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Shipbuilders, preted by the Judge Advocate General and approved by the Secretary and Helpers of America, of Chanute, Kans., praying for an of War as prohibiting further transfers under section 7 of the Post Office appropriation act to the Department of Agriculture, in so far as increase in the salaries of postal employees, which was referred transfers of motor-propelled vehicles and motor equipment to be made to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. without the transfer of funds. Deliveries have, therefore, been stopped He also presented a memorial of sundry citizens of McPher tn the Bureau of Public Roads. The undelivered balance of 1,923 pas senger cars and 13,070 trucks are now available for sale. Prior to son County, Kans., and a memorial of sundry citizens of Mound offering these vehicles to the public the Bureau of Public Roads, as well ridge, Kans., remonstrating against universal military training, as the other Government departments, are being given an opportunity which \'i·ere referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. to purchase such of the vehicles as they may require. As soon as the requirements of the other Government departments have been met the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. remaining vehicles will be placed on sale to the public. The unservice able vehicles will be sold by the Salvage Division of the Motor Trans l\Ir. McLE.Al~, from the Committee on Banking and Cunency, port Corps at public auction. It is expected that the first sales will be to which was referred the bill (S. 2377) to amend section 1 held the latter part of this month. Used but serviceable motor trucks and passenger cars will be sold by the Surplus Property Division, Office of the net approved July 17, 1916, known as the Federal farm of the Director of Purchase and Storage. There a.re no new passenger loan act, so as to provide for the payment of the expenses · of car included in the War Department surplus. · the Federal Farm Loan Board and employees by the Federal The preceding information refers principally to trucks, motor cars, etc., which is understood to be the information desired primarily. Re land banks and joint stock land banks, reported it without port on other war equipment and supplies is being prepared and will be amendment and submitted a report (No. 191) thereon. submitted as soon as practicable. Mr. NEW, from the Committee on Territories, to which was Very truly, yours, NEWTON D. BAKER, referred the bill (H. R. 7417) to amend an net of Congress Secreta1·y of War. appro-ved 1\larch 12, 1914, authorizing the President of the To the CHAIRMAN Co:uurTTEE ox 1\ln.. ITARY .AFFAIRS, Unfteil States Senate. United to locate, construct, and operate railroads in the Terri· tory of Alaska, and for other purposes, reported it without MESSAGE FRO~I THE HOUSE. amendment and submitted a report (No. 189) thereon. · A message from the House of Representatives, by D. K. Hemp ISSUA -cE OF BONDS. stead, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had passed the following bills and joint resolution: l\Ir. NEW. From the Committee on Territories, T report back S. 276. An act to amend sections 4 and 5 of an act entitled fa-vorably, without amendment, the bill (S. 2609) to authorize "An act to provide for stock-raising homestead , and for other the incorporated town of Petersburg, Alaska, to issue bonds in purposes," approved December 29, 1916; any sum, not exceeding $75,000, for the purpose of constructing S. 277. An act to authorize absence by homestead settlers and and installing a municipal electric light and power plant, and entrymen, and for other purposes. f9r the construction of a public-school building, and I submit a S. 2624. An act to provide travel allowances for certain retired report (No. 190) thereon. enlisted men and Regular Army reservists; and 1\fr. NELSQN. I ask unanimous consent for the present con S. J. Res. 75. Joint resolution a~1thorizing the appointment of sideration of the bill just reported by the Senator fl'om Indiana an ambassador to Belgium. · [1\lr. NEW]. It gives authority to the town of Petersburg, The message also announced that the House had passed the Alaska, to issue bonds for securing an electric-light plant and following bills and joint resolution, in which it requested the for a: public-school building in that town. concurrence of the Senate: The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Minne H. R. 5000. An act to allow credit for husbands' military sota asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of sen·ice in case of homestead entries by widows, and for other the bill. Is there objection? purposes; There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the H. R. 5007. An act granting citizenship to certain Indians· Whole, proceeded to consider the bill, which was read, as fol H. R. 8778. An act to amend and modify the war-risk i~ur lows: ance act; Be it enacted, etc., That the incorporated town of Petersburg,' Alaska is hereby authorized and empowered to issue bonds in any . sum, not H. R. 9091. An act granting the consent of the Congress to the exceeding $75,000, for the purpose of constructing and inStalling a county of Hennepin to construct, maintain, and operate a bridooe municipal electric light and power plant, and for the construction of a across the Minnesota River; ::. public-school building. · SEC. 2. That before said bonds shall be issued a special election shall H. R. 9203. An act to punish the transportation of stolen motor be ordered by the common council of the town of Petersburg, at which T'ehicle in inters~ate or foreign commerce; and election :the question of whether such bonds shall be issued shall be 5484 CONGRESSION .A.L ltECOI{.D-SENATE. SEPTEl\IBER 16, ubmitted to the qualified eJectors of said town of Petersburg whose By l\Ir. SHERMA1~: names appear on· the last assessment roll of said town for municipa_l taxation. Thirty days'· notice of such election 'shall be given by A bill ( S. 3015) granting an inc rea sc of pension to l\la ry E. publication thereof in a newspaper printed and · published and of gen Abbott; to the Committee on Pen. ions. eral circulation in said town before the day fixed for such election. By ~fr. SMOOT: SEc. 3. That the registration for su<'h election; the manner of con ducting the same, and the canvass of the returns of said election shall A bill (S. 3016) to authorize the uisposition of certain grazing be, as near. as practicable; in accordance with the requirements of law lauds in the State of Utah, and for other 11urposes; to the Com in general or special elections in said municipality, and said bonds mittee on Public Lands. shall be i sued only upon the condition that ·a majority of the votes ·By :i\lr. CALDER: cast at uch election in said town shall be in fa>or of is uing said bond . . A joint resolution ( S. J. Re . 109) lo . ·uspend for five year. SEc. 4. That the bonds above specified, when authorized t.o be issued the operation of section 9 of the civil-service act; to the Com as herelnl.Jefo1·e provided, shall bear interest at a rate to be fixed by the mittee on Civil Service and Retrenchment. common council of Petersburg, not to exceed • per cent per annum, payable semiannually, and shall not be sold for less than their par WAR-RISK INSUR.A.XCE. value with accrued interest. and shall be in denominations not exceed ing $1,000 each, the principal to be due in 20 :rears from date thereof: :\Ir. HARDING submitted an amendment intended to be pro Prot:ided, however, That the common council -of said town of Peters po ed by him to the bill (H. n. 8778) to amend and modify the lJurg may reserve the right to pay off such bonds in their. numerical war-risk insurance act, .which was referred to the Committee order at the rate of $5,000 thereof per annum from and after the expiration of five years from their date. Principal and interest shall on Finance and ordered to be printed. be payable in lawful money of the United States of America at the .ADDRESS BY HOX. IIOKE S::UITII. office of the town treasurer, or at such bank in the city of New York, in the State of New York; or such place as may be de ignated by the Mr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, I present and a ·k unanimou common council of the town of Petersburg, the place of payment to be consent t.o have printed in the RECORD. an address delivereu by mentioned in the bonds: A.nd provided fzwther, That each and every such bond shall have the written signature of the mayor and clerk of said the enior Senator from Georgia [~Ir. S::urTrr] before the Ameri town of Peter burg, and also hear the seal of said town. can Cotton Association at New Orleans, La., September 8, on the SEc. n. That no part of the funds arising ft·om tbe sale of said cotton . ituation. · · 1Jonds shall be used for any purpose other than specified in this act. Said bonds shall be sold only in such amounts as the common council There being no objection, the address was orderci.l to b' shall direct, and the proceeds thereof . hall be disbut· ed for the vur printed in the RECORD, as follO\Y .' : . poses hereinbefore mentionf'd and under the order and direction o! said common council from time to time as the same may be required ADDRESS OF SE~ATOR HOKE SYITII DELIVERED TIEFORE THE ..lMERl .\:-. for . aid purposes: Provided, That not to exceed $50,000 of the-proceeds COTTO:-. ASSOCIATION, NJ!!W 0RLEAX , L.-\., SEPTEMBER 8, 1919. of the sale of said bonds shall be expended for the construction and " Gentlemen of the American Cotton Association. we meet to installation of the electric light and powet· plant and not to exceed $25,000 thereof shall be expended for the con ·truction of the public con. idei' the work for the Americun Cotton .As ociation. . ·choo1 building. COTTON VALUE .-\ :\'ATIOXAL ASSET• The bill was r~orted to the Senate without amenument, . "The inunediate problem confrontii;tg the Southeastern States ordereu to be engrossed for u thiru readino-, read tlie third time, js marketing the cotton crop. It is more than a sectional ques and pas ed. tion; if is a great national question. STATE BUDGET SYSTEM . "The <'xport of cotton during the pru·t century has brought back to the United States from forejgu countries more• thal' Mr. EDGE. On behalf of the junior Senator from IUinois $20,000,000,000. [Mr. McCoRMICK], I submit a preliminary report· from the ' ~ Until the European war the exportation of cotton and its .·pecial . committee to devise u plan for u budget system. It sale abrond met largely our yearly liabilities in foreign counb·ies, is a uigest of various State budget system:·: I ask that it be und now the price of cotton exported js of great importance to the referred to the Committee on Prjnting wHh a yiew to having it commerce of our entire country. 'Ve have almost a monopoly in printeu as a public document. · the gl,'eat raw material needed to clothe the WOrld. Its Yalne f\S The PRESIDE :rT pro tempore. That onler will J)a made, a national usset can not be too highly appreciated. ,yithout objection. "During recent years the Southeastern States have made great BILLS .A.ND JOINT llE OLUTIO~ 1:'\TRODl.:'CEH. progre.: in raising food supplies anu can feed their own l)Cople from their own soil. But cotton is still the money crop, and Bill." and a joint resolution were fntroduced, read the first upon the profits from its sale depend the prosperity of all classes time, and, by unanimous consent; the . econd time, an "American cotton is now being consumed by the mills at the .FOREIGX COTTON SUPPLY UNUSGALLY SMALL. rate of 1,200,000 bales each month, so that 2,400,000 out of the ·~ Some consideration should be given to the production of July supply will be consumed by October 1. This sum and the cotton outside of the United States. 1,000,000 bales which must always be in the mills should ·be " Prior to the war Russia ftu'nished from the Proyinces of deducted from the total supply of July 31, which gives us: Turkestan and Transcaucasia approximately a million and a half Bales. bales, but owing to the unsettled condition existing in that coun· Estunated supply July 31------5,781, 000 try, together with the shortage of food, the crop went down in Consumption to October 1 and necessary mill supply then __ 3, 400, 000 1917 to 500,000 bales. It is believ-ed to ha Ye been still further Amount available from former cr·ops for ensuing year_ 2, 381, 000 reduced since 1917. "The Agriculture Department last Tuesday estimated this "Egypt produced last year nearly a million bale of lono- year's crop at 11,200,000 bales. This estimate was made upon staple cotton, but this cotton does enter into competition wifu an estimate of deterioration of the crop, which many believe the American cotton. It is used for thread and Yery fine fabrics would ha\e justified a lower estimate. The estimate did not and competes with our sea-island cotton ' take into consideration the fact that during the month of " India produced last year nearly three. million bales of cotton August, on account of continuous rains and boll weevil, much Approximately two million of the Indian crop i consumed py more than a normal acreage of cotton was abandoned as ~ills in India. Japan ~lone consumed last year 1,250,000 ba1es worthies . m excess of cotton received from the United States. This cot " But, accepting the figures of the Agriculture Department as to~ is supposed to ha,·e been obtained from India and from correct, we haYe as the supply for the ne:rt 12 months: Chma, so ~at the surplus Indian crop will not substantially Bales. compete w1th the crop of the United States. Besides, it has a This year's croP------11, 200, 000 short, coarse fiber, and can not be utilized in the manufacture Amount available from former crops for ensuing year_____ 2, 381, 000 of any except very low grade yarns. Total for the year ______13,581,000 "The supply for the mills of the ''i"Orlu of cotton not raised in the United States, during the coming y~ar is ·much less than CONSUMPTION. normal. "Now, let us tu'rn our attention to the question of consump :BAD lU.\RKEl'ING LOWERED THE PlliCE. tion. For fiv-e years the world has been engaged in war anu " For a long time our farmers put their cotton on the market production by the mills has not met the world's demand. There in two or three month·. The manufacturer could not take it. is a shortage of manufactured products needed for clothing It was forced on the market with only the speculator to buy it. and of other commodities made from cotton. The soldiers are It was a faYorite pastime with cotton farmers to .abuse cotton out of the .Army, and t~ facilities for production of goods speculators, when the real criticism should have been placed manufactured from cotton are greatly improved. The world upon the farmers' mode of marketing cotton. They did not needs the manufactured product. There is every reason why hold their cotton .until the consumer required the product. the owners of mills should seek to meet the world's demand. "It is conceded that there will be consumed by American MARKET As MAriUFACTUnERs .·EEn IT. mills 6,000,000 bales. Many place the amount larger. u Our farmers ha Ye learned that a 10,000,000-bale crop will "l!"'or four years prior to the war we a\eraged an export of sell f.or more than a 16,000,000-bale crop, and that it is foolish 9,448,000 bales. During these four years Great Britain averaged to rmse more than the consumption of the mills requires. They 3,775,000 bales; Germany, 2,670,000 bales; France, substantially ha\e furthermore learned that their lands are splendidly over 1,000,000 bales; Italy, over 500,000 bales; and Spain, ovel" adapted to the cultiYation of foodstuffs; that we can raise in 300,000 bales. Last year Japan used 784,000 bales of American the Southern States eyerything that the people of the ec cotton. tion need to eat and a large amount in excess of local require- " England to-day ~s earnestly striving to increase her foreign ments. commerce. Active efforts are being made to u e their cotton "~Ye can raise cattle aud hogs cheaper than in any other part mills to full capacity. of Olll' country, and I congratulate you upon the splendid herds .. Germany has been practically without lint cotton for four of both that can now be fotmd in eYery community. years. There is every reason why Germany should seek to "The farmers are to-day, most of them, able to carry their develop her cotton-mill production to full capacity. It is sug- cotton crop until the consumer needs it, and this is a condition gested that the condition of foreign exchange will hinder pur- of great value when we seek to estimate what should be the chases by England and Germany. On the other hand, it is market price for cotton. essential for these countries to develop their foreign commerce, " Farmers must adopt the policy of selling their cotton no and they can do this by manufacturing cotton goods for export. faster than one-twelfth each montll. Farmer can safely take "There are two bills now before Congress, which I believe this com'se now, as consumers "·ill need all the supply. will shortly pass, creating corporations intended to aid in "If our present crop is offered for sale only as th manu financing foreign exports. England, Germany, France, and facture1.·s need jt, it should easily command a price equal to Italy each have commodities our people want. Potash alone the best ~t brought during the pa t 12 months. from Germany, purchased for our use, should furnish the means "Most of the cotton mills are in a position to ope1:ate during of payment for a substantial amount of cotton to Germany. the ne~ 12 months to the~r full capacity. l\lany of them have " It is a conservative estimate to say that England, Germany, 1 made ~mmense profits durmg the past three y ears. The prices France; Japan, Italy, and Spain will consume 7 500 000 bales of at which goods manufactured from cotton are now selling, I 'American cotton during the coming year. I ~n· ~ot consider am advised, would justify a price of substantially O\er 50 cents the other countries which take American cotton, but any study a pound for cotton. Of their present COnSumptiOn justifies the Claim that they will THE GREAT WORK OF THE ASSOCI.A.TIOX. take 1,000,000 bales, and foreign mills, which took an average " One of the great works of the American Cotton Association of 9,448,000 bales yearly for four years before the war, may must be to unite farmer , merchants, and bankers to change the confidently be relied upon to require and to consume--if we have mode of marketing cotton and to put an end foreyer to depre it to furnish them-8,500,000 bales during the coming year. ciating the market price of cotton by selling it a soon as it The consumption of cotton during the next year may be con- is gathered and in such large quantities that the consumer can serv-atively estimated as: not absorb it. Ba.Ies. "The .American Cotton Association will in pire farmers to . ' In American mills------6, ooo, ooo unite f:tnd prevent a sacrifice of the crop by sales faster than Export cotton______8• 500• 000 the manufacturers need it. If this is done, the time will ba\e 14, GOO, ooo passe "The market will fluctuate again this year. Do not be that the United States will withdraw from tlH~ association with frightened by fluctuations. 1Vhen the market goes off, keep these powers in making peace with Germany if they refuse to your cotton, a · all yom· cotton will be needed for consumption do so. · dUiing the year. If you respond to a fall of price by keeping "As representing the conscience of some considerable part of your cotton, you may be 5nre that the price will advance. , Never the American people, we unhesitatingly declare that position sell on a declining market. Do not let it break your nerve. The to involve national dishonor for the American Nation. price will return to just yalue. "'Vhatever wrong was done to China-and it was a genuine "The cost of producing the crop, the p1·esent value of lands, wrong-was done by Germany when, in 1898, she forced the the relative value of other commodities. the law of supply and treaty which gave her the 'lease' of the Kiaochow Bay section demand applied to the present crop justify better prices for of the Province of Shantung; and it was a wrong in which cotton during the coming year than any received during recent Russia, England, and France immediately afterwards partici years. pated by seizing other desirable portions of the China coast "You must organize in eyery county in the cotton-growing and forcing similar 'leases' in their respective interests. If States. Merchants, bankers, and even cotton manufacturers the United States had protested against this wrong at the time should realize the benefits which the sale of cotton at sub- it was committed she .would have some color, though not much, stantial profits will bring. for the present demand of the Senate committee that Japan, as "Farmers should keep new cotton off the market entirely dur-1 s1.1ccessor to the 'rights·' of Germany, should be deprived of ing the present montll, and from the 1st of October on sell tllose 'rights,' while no such demand is made upon England or slowly, only as the manufacturers need it. Each county organi-~ France. The United States made no such protest. The world zation should sec that of the total cotton raised in the county has acquiesced in the wrong then committed. No nation, unles~ not more than one-twelfth is sold each month. They should help it be China herself, can interyene now, 20 years too late, and each other to bring about this result. 1 say that the lease to Germany can not be taken over by Japan, "You need not worry. about the New York Exchange market I who ousted the Germans from their possessions in China pre if this is ill ·tre ·s we· shall become if thi committee recommendation only a slender sh·ip of territory along the Atlantic Ocean, ex... shall b~ made the action ~f the Senate, an international bully, ·tending from Maine to Florida. They each laid claim to terri· ~electing the most offensive way in which to accomplish that tories far to the westward of their estt1blished habitations, bnt which is in itself dishonorable. And the absolute futility of ·these territories were neither bounded, known, nor settled. the action is as conspicuous as its impropriety. · "The bold pioBeers lJegan to crowd westward toward the " Do the American people realize that this position ·has been 1\Iississippi. Before the revolution William Bean had crossed deliberately avowed by a Senate committee and that there is the Alleghenies and built a log cabin in Tennessee on the banks grave danger that it will be accepted by the Senate itself? of the Watauga. Daniel Boone had invaded the primeval soli· "This is not a political issue; it is an issue in which the . tude· of Kentucky, and. .John C. Symmes had settled in the wild· honor of the American people is involved, and it is the para- ness north · of the Ohio. These were encroachments upon the mount duty of religions leaders of the Nation to demand that . lundsof the Im1ians. the Senate act both honorably and courteously toward -those . TllE GHE.\T rii UCHJ.SE. nations that have solemnly entered into treaty obligations with "But the expansion of the United States by tile acquisition of each other, ·which obligations now they must fulfill. . alien territory fTom European powers did not commence until "And it should be made perfectly clear to those who are pro the aclministration of Thomas Jefferson. There ''"as no provi moting this act of national perfidy in the Senate that the re sion in the Constitution either fol' the acquisition or the govern· ligious sense of the Nation will hold them pers.olli'llly respon- . ment of new domains. But Jeffer.. on \\as a practical as well as sible, and any political party which may uphold them J?Olitically a farsighted statesman. He not only looked into the futtu"e responsible, for what will have become the blackest chapter in to some extent and saw the vast possibilities of the immense llrnerican bjstory. territory known as Louisiana, but he adoptell measures not rec "All that our boys have won in France for American prestige ognized by the Constitution for acquiring it. and American honor is now being seriously imperiled by the "And thus in 1803, for the insignificant sum of $15,000,000- men who bear the responsibility of the A.merican people in the less than the cost to us of one day of the European \\ar- Senate. 1,000,000 square miles of the richest land on the surface of the "We shall hope that this may be thoroughly understood earth were added to the dominions of the United States. In 1 15 throughout the counh-y, and that the conscience of the Ameri England undertook to \\rest this splendid 11ro...-ince from u , but can people will assert itself in demands upon their Senators Andrew Jackson, at the Battle of New Orleans, ignominiou ·ly that they emphatically reject the amendment which has been defeated the in\Ude.t·s and cll·o\e them back into the Gulf of proposed by their Committee on Foreign Affairs." Mexico. ADDRESS BY HON. \VEBLEY 0. HOWARD. "Nearly three years before the purchase of Loni iana, in hi'< inaugural address, Jefferson had reiterated Washington s doc Mr. CALDER. 1 a k unanimous consent for the printing in trine that the United States would not medclle in European poli· the RECORD of an address delivered by Hon. Wesley 0. Howard, supreme court justice of the third judicial district of New York, tics. He epitomized the great .American principle in one laconic entitled "The Destiny of the Stru·s and Stripes." expression-' Hones't friendship with all nations, entangling al The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? 'l'he liances with none.' .Although Spanish interference with the free Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. navigation of the Mississippi River was the immediate incentive to the purchase of Louisiana, nevertheless .T efferson, in a degree, The matter referred to is as follows: anticipated the ' l\lonroe doctrine' when he acquired Louisiana,. THE DESTINY OF THE TARS AND STIUPES. for his desire to purchase this French territory grew largely out [By'Wef!:ley 0. Howard, Supreme Court Justice, Third Judicial Distrkt.] of his wish to remove all temptation on the part of European "Unde·r the coyenant of the league of nations the United nations to meddle in .America. States can never expand; under the Stai·s and Stripes it will MOVI);G CXW AnD. expand. " Florida was added next as one of the realms of the Republic. "l!'rom the thirteen Colonies fringing the Atlantic seaboaru, The courage and impetuosity of .Andrew .Teckson were the imme· the United States has expanded· across the continent; expanded diate cause of the acquisition of this beautiful land of sunshine, over the Arctic Circle; expanded into the heart of the Pacific oranges, and flowers. In the War of 1812 the Creek Indians Ocean; expanded into the Orient; expanded across the Isthmus were the allies of England. Jackson drove them out of the of Panama ; expanded into the torrid zone. If the doctrine of the United Stutes and they fled to Florida and took refuge with the league of nations had been proclaimed at the close qf the Revolu Seminoles. But they were not content in the security of that tionaty 'Vru·, the United States would have been to-clay, as Chile Spanish territory. Continuously hostile bands of 'savages burst is, only a long, narrow strip of terri.tory bordering the sea. over the frontier to maraud, murder, ravage, and wreak ven " But the first century of· om· existence was an age of rugged, geance. Gen. .Jackson was sent to the borde1· to protect the primitive men. Stalwart statesmen lived then; statesmen who American settlements; but he hacl neve.t· heard of 'watchful acted and conquered, who explored and expanded-and never waiting,' and with characteristic decision lle rushed over the dreamed. Spanish boundary line, captured two Spanish forts, hanged two " In the e days of altruism, while the affairs of Europe are English spies and dispersed the lawless Indians. This rashness absorbing the activities of statesmen and sapping the energies evoked vigor~us protests from Spain and finally led to the ces· of the Nation, and while the advice of Washington and the doc sion of Florida to the United States, in 1819, for the considera trine of Jefferson are being repudiated, and while foreign en tion of $5,000,000. tanglements, instead of domestic development, are being culti "Next came Texas. And this introduces another stalwart, \ated and while the frontiers of the British Empire, instead of resolute, dramatic, picturesque American hero-Sam Houston. the b~rder lines of the United States, .are being extended-in the Progressing by rapid strides to the very forefront ill public midst of this astounding departure fTom our settled policy of life Sam Houston, at the age of 34, was elected governor of Ten:. go\ernment, it is well to divert the attention of the people for a nes~ee. Soon afterwards he was married to Eliza Alien, the moment from exotic problems and direct it to the history and daughter of a wealthy and aristocratic family, and one of the fame of America. most estimable and accomplished ladies of the State. Three WO;),"DEU OF THE AGES,• months afterwar_ds. suddenly, clra.niatically, and without assign· " Our long struggle for independence, our adoption of a ing any cause Houston separated from his wife, resigned his republican form of go\ernment, our inimitable Federal Consti office as gover~or of Tennessee, left the State, crossed the l\lis· tution om· sturdy resentment of foreign aggression, our ma.r sissippi River, plunged into tbe wilderness, joined the Cherokee velou~ gt·owth nnd development, our rational laws and salubri Indians, adopted the costume of the savages, took a squaw to be om; institutions, onr firm cohesion after the turmoil and devasta his spouse, sat in the doorway of his wigwam while she parched tion of the Civil War, our limitless resources and enormous his corn, assumed the Indian name of Co-lon-neh, became a sub wealth-:Ul these have excited the wonder and adrni.ration of the chief under the great Oolooteka, and for more than three years world. lived the life of a barbarian. " Our wide expanse of fertile lands, our abundant crops, om· railroads, our mines, our canals, our citieS, our finance§!, our sky TWO PIOKEERS. scrapers, ot1r .f-orests, our public buildings, our capitalists, our "Then he went to ·Texas. Andrew Jackson was at that time manufactories, our water powers, our scenery, oui· climate, are President of the Umted States. He was a friend or Houston, unsurpassed within the borders of any other nation on the eru·tlt. and he greatly admired the daring, erratic, picturesque fron And all this has been attained by the policy of attending to tiersman and adventurer. The age of altruism had not :ret ar our own business. . · rived. Americanism was rampant then, and Andrew Jackson " Notwithstanding ·the altruistic dogmas of to-day, one can not and Sam Houston were llrnerican of the primitive type. It was help but aclmire the l;ugged; :robust, picturesque,' conqtier~ng char their :policy not to meddle •rith European boundary lines, but acters of our early hi tory. The thirteen Colonies constituted to' expand the American frontiers. They were not interested in 1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-SENA'I1E. 5489 the Jugo-Slavs, but they wanted Texas, and they proposed to take "And what are we to get. out of this 1 How are the tax-bur~ it. Secretly, Jackson. lent aid to the Texas rebels. Houston was dened people of the United States to profit by assuming these chosen commander in chief of the rebel army ; he defeated the heavy obligations? The enthusiast, the partisan, and the syco· Mexicans in the uecisive Battle of San Jacinto; he captured phant do not wish to know. 'The President want it,' they say, tlleir president, Santa Anna; anu he secured the independence and that is enough. Setious citizens, however, some of them, of the Lone Star State. pause occasionaJJy to ask, under their breath, why it is that the "The annexation of Texas followed, and then came war with fundamental principles of our Government, our individuality, Mexico and the conquest of that H.epublic. A vast area covering and our national life are to be abandoned suddenly and the doc more than 500,000 square miles was wr~tf'd from Mexico anu trine ot internationali m espoused? Has Americanism failed adued to the public domain. This included what is· now Cali us? Has the Constitution of the United States become inade· fornia, Nevatla, Utah, most of New :Mexico and Ari:rona, and quate? Let us see. parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Later the ' Gadsden Purcbu..-,e' ·• There is some reason, other than chance, why the United was negotiated, and anothe~ nrea about as large as the State of States has grown. to such immense proportions. All the nations New York was acquired from Mexi-co. In the meantime Eng-land on the continent of South America combineu together do not withdrew from her 'jQint occupation' of Oregon, and that rich equal us either in population, re ources, wealth, or power. No region became absolutely Americnn. · nation in Europe or in the world, barring Great Britain, ap "ln 1867 Alaska was purchasetl from Russia fo1· $7,200,000. proaches us in magnitude. In pupulation there are only two that In 1898 the Hawaiian Islands were annexed. The Spanish War surpass us-Great Britain ami China. Up to the time we brought us Guam, Porto Rico, and the Philippini>s. In 1904 launched into the European war- not one of the great powers of TheOU.ore Roosevelt 'took the Panama Canal Zone,' to tr e his the earth was so free from the crushing burden of natio11al own expression, '·while Congress debat d' the subject. ln 1917 debts as the United States. the Virgin Islands were purchased from Denmark. "To what must we attrihute this unpat·alleled progres~r The "'And this completes the far-flung dominions of the United answel· is apparent. It is chiefly to the wisdom of our fore States. Not one foot of this territory do we regret having ac fathers in adopting the Constitution of the United States and quired; not vne foot of it will we ever surrenuer. Every Ameri tlms laying the foundation stones of the Republic that our can feels proud of every province, and every province feels se grandeur must be ascri.Qed. It must not be supposPd, howeYet', cure und& the American flag. that the Constitution was agreed upon suddenly or unanimously. Indeed, the exact contrary is- the fact. lt took the con-vention at WHES WASHINGTO~ SPOKE. Philadelphia four months to frame it, and many times during n Washington's advice t-o the United States to keep out of for that memorable session the uelegates despaired of the re. ·ult. eign entanglements, and :Monroe's scheme of keeping fon•ign en Finally, in Se-ptember, 1787. the imperishable document w-n ·com tanglements out of the United Stutes, have become welded to pleted and submitted to tln~ peopl-e. But then the mo t >ivlent gether into a rigid fundamental Americllll doctrine ''bich has opposition. b:ooke out against it. been observed by every President of the Dnited States up to the GIUXS OF THOSE D.l.YS. inaugm·ation of w ·oodrow 'Vilson. By adherin~ to this basic principle of gove:rnrueut, and by devoting our energies to_our own "Pahick Henry--eloquent, powerfu-l, patriotle, im-p-a sioned development and expansion, the United States ha prog:resseY. denounced it. John Randolph of Rt>anoke, with the bloo(l of in with amazing strides until she is to-day one of the giants among Pocnlwntas running his veins, taJJ, lenn, eccentric, s-ru·eastir, although a mere boy at that time, opposed it. Luther Martin, the the Governments of the earth. 'most formidable of Amelican advocate ,' but so improTitient •• But suddenly this wise po1icy pursuE' into a war in Europe. KeYertlleless, assigning gratitude as his "This condition of affairs can not last. The period of' watch4 only incentiw, nnll in direct contravention of the precedent es ful waiting' is almost ended. Soon the American Army will tablished by 'Vashington, and at a time when neither gratitude cross over the Rio Grande as it Uid when Zachary Taylor was in nor public clamor demands it, l\Ir. Wilson signs a treaty of alli command, · and soon our battleships will enter the harbor of ance in Paris pledging the Unite di appointed if we do not continue to pour out our wealth and Old World's tbr.ee continents and the islands and waters of spill our blood in all their future controversies. He repeats their seas must be retraced by the cartographer to delineate our good President's belief tha't their hearts will break unless the mighty changes wrought by this treaty. we mingle in their frays forever. If its articles be executed and kept without bloodshed in the Deserters it is suggested we would indeell be, the Senator years to come, then, indeed, has man, in his essential nature, cried out, unless we gave even to our ultimate extinction. Hav been changed. If this treaty shall endure, Great Britain has ing already given the service of 3,700,000 of our country's young reached the summit of her world empire in the thousand years men, 2,000,000 in actual service and 1,700,000 in camps awaiting since Alfred drove the Danes from England and set his nation further call, and $35,000,000,000 of our taxes in a war made ex on the course of her imperial dominion. For this great people clusively in Europe, the Senator stigmatizes a refusal to give we have no envy, no jealousy of power, no unfriendly rivalry if required all we have left as the acts of poltroons and even in her wide sway on lanu and sea. ·We believe she will·in the cowards. This great sacrifice the President, in his Boston ad fullness of time rule temperately and administer justice to all dress last February, called "a little essay at generosity." If her possessions. this be a little essay at generosity, Mr. President, then a more But we can not forget the elemental difference between our extensive essay would leave us bankrupt and exhausted. country and Great Britain. 'Ve inhabit a continent, not an The future generations, however, who pay war taxes and keep island. · Our domain is compact, sufficient in itself to supply alive the memory of their dead will, Jike the livi.ng, resent all our wants and furnish every necessary instrument of self such an allusion. The ~ood Samaritan is smitten with u defense. Providence never before so abundantly endowed a dog-day madness when he unlooses his fancy thus to run nation with the facilities to be and continue great and power· away. Because we fought this war with our associated na ful by remaining at horne and attending to its own business. tions against a common German danger, it is now demanded Nothing requires us to scatter our strength over earth's seven we pledge ourselves to fight in every future war whether seas and dissipate our energies ancl resources in crusading in our own safety is concerned or not. After reflecting that the affairs of every wa·rring people except an impossible ideal- our strength contributed to win a great war, with no an . ism drunk with phrase making and cajoled by European cliplo· nexations and no indemnities, the Senator insists we devote rnacy into spending our national strength to underwrite ·the the remaining energies of the American people to taking terri war risks of Europe, Asia, and Africa. . tory, making reparations, and collecting indemnities fQr the But, exclaims the senior Senator frorri Nebraska [Mr. HITCH· .. Yictorious powers of Europe and Asia. COCK]: Long ago the President sounded the altruistic slogan of peace The United States is young; the United States is strong; the United ·without victory to any of the European belligerents. What a States is rich. It alone of all the nations of the world is able at the present moment to confer upon the world, the distressed and despair mighty gulf·yawns to-day between the time of that demand ing world, benefits such as no other nation can confer. · .January 22, 1917-and this treaty! Then be sought to commit Because we are young and strong and rich, shall we therefore ns to an indecisive end of the war with no terms imposed and beggar our people, bankrupt our -industries, and exhaust our no penalties inflicted. We were then a neutral country, but its resources? If we bad before this time mingled with Europe's President sought to meddle with and to advise the belligerents ceaseless wars, all her quai·rels, we would long since have to conclude their hostilities, leaving Germany wholly unpun squandered our inhet·Hance and been unable to care for our ished. At that time Germany's crimes against humanity were selves or help others in this great crisis as we have done. The accomplished. Senator advocates prodigal obligations and further heavy bur· The book of fate had been closed, and nothing rernainecl but dens imposed ·upon the American people. ·when we reply that for the impartial historian to record upon his tablets what had we have sacrificed enough life, borne enough of war taxes, that occurred. we are content for the benefits of victory to pass to other powers, Her guilt called as loudly for expiation as when our Presi· leaving us the security of self-defense incident to a joint victory .impose burden:;; upon the United. States. Yie are fli·mly of the . 1\Ir. ·SHERMAN. I will come. tO'. that 1n· a' moment. The Sen~ opinion thnt in retlucC'd taxes it will save the United States ator in part quoted that before. r _yield to the ~er:iator from .. immense sums o::: money, because we believe, if the .league l)f Montana. . · · · . nations is not e~tablished, the United States, like other na~ions ·. Mr. WALSH of 1\lontau:r. .. B<>foJ:e tl1c • enator fi•om Illinois <>f the world, mtwt take tile only alternative that remains and goeS. fu.Liher iri the dlsctls. io1r <1f' thnt fentnr of tlie matter, .I prepare for war upon a larger scale than ever before. We des1,J·e to correeLthe statement made by h.ini eoncernill-g: the a ttl believe that can JJe escape policy of frightfulness detied the laws of civilized warfare and 'uote his Farewell Address. It was not merelv because of passing and shamed the ::;nvagery of IJarbnric ages, these distinguished vice- transient circumstances that Washington said "that we must keep from entangling alliances. It was because lle saw that no counh·y had yet gerentc:; of a unh·ersal mundane protectorate decla·red three set its face in the same direction in which America bad set her face. uays after the Lttsitania tragedy we wei·e too proud to fight. We can not form alliances with those. who are not going our way; They contemplated unmoved the butchery of innocence and saw and in our might and majesty and in the confidence an1l definiteness of our own purpose we need not and we should not form alliances with tranquillity tlle a8 ·aults on the only free Governments of with :my nation in the world. Those who are right, those who study Europe by a military despolism whose avowed purpose was to their consciences in determining their policies, those who hold their · t 11 th ti honor higher than tbeit· advantage, do not need alliances. S Ub JUga e a 0 er ua OilS. When we go out from this presence we ought to take this idea with Against this common peril, whlch cast its ini ter shadow us, that "e, too, are devoted to the purpose of enabling America to live across our continent, the President said: her own llfe, to be the justest, the most progre.·siw, the most honorable, Thel'e is su<'h a thing as a nation being so right that it right to mind other peopl e s ·bu iness, to m-eddle everywhere in opposed a negotiated peace when we remembered the President's everything? Did we belie"e in the Senate April 6, 191.7, we had peaee without victory dictum. 'Ve labored unuer the delusion votell to keep · 40,000 American soldiers in Poland, 150,000 in that we must pay some attention to what he had deliberately; Armenia, no one knows how many in..llus in? Did the President said. We know better now. An indecisive end threatened to think so when June 14, 1917, he declared: make our sacrifices in vain. \Ve recalled llis vacillations, his 1t is plain enough how we were forced into the war. The ertraordi- delays, his fatal propensity to pursue the ignis fatuus of aca n.ary insults and aggresions of the Imperial German Government left demic ·phr·ases until lost in the ·morasses of interminable notes us no self-respecting choice but to take up arms 1n defense of om· rights and documents. The American people instinctively feared, the as a free people and of our honOT as a sovereign GO-vernment. How far he ha.s departed from this odginal purpo e can only Senate well knew, the bootless goal of all our efforts, if our be known by following his fugitive, evanescent interpretations President in an evil hour were permitted to engage ln cleailly · llis verba1 combat with a German metaphysician. of the league and treaty. ..All who will not go w~th him in . Not a quotation cited by the Senator does more than ask that flight around the world .are classified under the weB-known war continue until the enemy is defeated ana. 1·eparation made Elxecutive epitllets. We can escape hi sovereign displeasure as a guaranty of the permanent removal of the German menace. only if we make our country fore.-er "the fruitful mother and So spoke the Senatm· 'from Pennsylvania [1\I.r . .KNox] and the the copious nurse" for the whole worl another vote for his league of nations and for his concealed unprepared Allies to buy arms and explosives in om· neutral swarm of foreign obligations. To what interminable lengths market to defend their sorely beleaguered countries. This, of can mad ambition drive au aspirant for a dusty chapter in the com·se, was before the Senator's altruism was born. His chief history of our age ! The American people may well distrust had not begun to hear voices in the air, nor the Senator himself a leader who so conceals his moti\es and suppresses what so to uemand the last pound of German flesh to be removed by us vitally concerns them. Let us end these sight drafts on dis and given to others. We show our noble unselfishness and our aster. May not Senators well pause in assuming the mighty ultruism in applied form by guaranteeing the beneficiaries ~ of the and la ting obligations . een and known to be assumed by thi:':> spoils against the hatred of the defeated nations. The limit of treaty? the Senator's altruism in 1916 was the hauling of a few grain Is not the Senator from Peunsylavnia [Mr. KNox] render cars and leaving the Allies to fight empty handed. Now he ing an ine timable public service to the country in revealing wishes to make a general assignment of our country to them in those obligations found in this momentous document? Add perpetuity. Something has come over the spirit of the Senator's the unknown entanglements reaching out from this treaty and dreams. Whether it is an ascent from the deserted level of enmeshing themselves in the triple-bound continents, islands, neutrality and embargo to the sublime heights of article 10 or a and archipelagoes of· the Old \Vorld, and our doubts increase. precipitate descent from grain freights to exhausting om·selves Upon these place our President's habitual, reluctant, secret for the benefit of foreign governments the Senator can decide course in dealing with the Senate and our doubts accumulate at leisure. and deepen into an anxiety that matures into an inexo1·abl~ Hi course then gave such ati faction to the German element opposition to this document. For voicing these prudent conclu that his portrait appeared on t11e front page of Vierick's l1"'ather sions to safeguard the American people the Senator from Penn lantl. Laudatory mention of the Senator's valuable services ap sylvania [Mr. KNox] is accused of a policy of scuttle and ~·un, peared there. Indeed, whenever the rafters rang with the Sena of folly and poltroonery. We have helped fight the Allies' enemy tor's denunciation of keeping our markets open to the Allies to to defeat. They have framed the treaty, gathering the fruits supply tllem in their desperate struggle while converting their of the victory for t11emselves. It is their v:ctory as well as ours. indu tries to n wnr basis the Fatherland echoed a heartfelt President Wilson did not write the treaty embodying the terms respon e. of the victory. His usefulness ended in procuring the armistice The Senator introduced Senate bill 380 December 7, 1915, that saved Germany from invasion and retribution for her crime. Sixty-fom·th Congress, first se sion, to prohibit the sale of war His high function was to agree to it. munitions in -our markets to any belligerent. This by force The wily diplomats, grizzled and old in the ways of this of conditions denied to Great Britain and France acce . · to •n.ughty earth, soon discovered our President wanted a league indispensable upplies. Germany could not buy because she of nations more than anything else. They wanted a treaty ; could not break the Atlantic blockade by the British Navy. they cared but little for the league. What the President ·This bill was supported by the German-American Alliance, the promised to get his league-an adopted child of British pa German press, and the German embat·go conference. The stream ternity-no Senator knows. Our information comes on the of petitions that congested Congress was the result of a cru installment plan, and we must be content. \Ve will take it sade conducted by those pro-German agencies. They were all as we can get it, but I think the required majority to ratify will for bill 380. It was a crisis in Europe. The submarines were withhold their votes until we are sufficiently informed, not sinking our merchant ships as \Yell as those of the Allies, withstanding the mad clamor for instant ratification. although we were still nominally, at least, at peace; the cam But the Senator from Nebra ka [Mr. HITcHcocK] appeals to paign of frightfulness was under way, nameless atrocities dis our pecuniary instincts. We can have no indemnity for the graced the German name, the extremity of the A lies wos well liusitania dead unle s we ratify the treaty. Read article 232 know11. The Senator wished to exclude them from our market. o.f that document. Under it Germany only undertakes to make But a presidential campaign was approaching. The President compen ation for "all damages done to. the allied and assori and the Senator were industi·iously engaged in keeping us out of ated powers and to their property during the period of the war, and incidentally in reelecting themselves. No altruistic belligerency of each as an allied and associated power against sentiments for the democracies of Europe or the world's suffer Germany by land, by sea, and from the air.'-' Annex 1 limits ing humanity were permitted to interfere with the campaign of the " damages to injured persons and surviving dependents by our distinguished fellow citizens. The French and British line personal injury or death of civilians by acts of war by the two that held back the Hun might fight barehanded with their backs groups of belligerents wherever arising.'' The United States to the wall if our worthy friends could be reelected. The Sena was a neutral, not a belligerent, when the Lusitania was sunk. tor denounced in ringing tones sending them supplies from our Under thi8 treaty we cnn not collect a dollar from Germany market as a " damnable trade " and the breeder of a " heritage for our dead in this disaster. For all our merchant ships sunk, of hate ahroad.'' He feared. too, it would breed hate amon,g our for all of the crews and passengers on those merchant ships different races at home "to behold the great resources of our that found violent deaths before we declared war, not one pound country dedicated to the manufacture of deadly weapons to be sterling can be collected from the~ defeated enemy under this sent abroad to kill their relatives in the Old World.'' If an treaty. We can collect only after the 6th day of April, 1917, embargo had been laid under the Senator's bill, the Alli~s when we assumed the status of a belligerent. would have lost the war before either of them could have kept The Senator likewise suggests our nationals can not recover us out of it before their election or got us into it afterward. . their losses from Germany or her nationals without the treaty. Yet the Senator now charges the Senator from PennsylYania We do not need to ratify for that. Otu· claims are secure. This [Mr. KNox] with defending the German cause and adopting Government holds a billion dollars of German nationals' property their argument before the peace conference. He is driven to seized under an act of Congress. This is security for damage to the ungenerous reflection, "It is only necessary to read those our nationals and their property. We can cover this by future communications to see where the Senator from Pennsylvania negotiations on our own account. The Allies are entering into derived his thoughts." This does not answer the latter's denial trea tie. and mnnife ting considerable thrift in their affairs, it of the justice or wisdom of committing the American people and seems. If the Germans want their property sooner, let them future generations to defend a treaty made in Em·ope by Em·ope come and get it. I do not share in the Senator's alarms. We for the benefit of the Old World. This is his contention and not can abundantly care for our exports and damage·. We need no a criticism of the terms of the treaty. For JoyaJty to America guardian in Europe if we stay out-of the league. the Senator is accused in substance of pro-Germanism. It comes On January 27, 1916, the senior Senator from Nebraska [Mr. with singular inf~licity from one whose prior acts sought to· HITcHcocK] suppo1·ted an embargo on the export of arms and cripple the Allies in the crisis of their mighty struggle. ammunition. It was known that Germany bad accumulated It must have become notorious to even the casual observer immense stores of war munitions. For many years the Central that an influential group of international bankers are exerting Powers had prepared to assail and annex thE> territory between their silent pressure to the limit of their great power to ratifY. Germany and the Atlantic. The Allies were not ready to meet the league and treaty. Their affiliated banking houses are bow the attack. Great Britain's navy, fortunately for ns and tlie ing results throughout the country. Quietly the lines are tight· other free Governments of the world, controlled the seas. With ened, communications established, reasons marshaled, and ave out this check on the Germans the Senate would in all probability nues of approach to Members of the Senate are surveyed. The be debating another subject to-day. Yet in this crisis in the af subtle campaign is on. I can not mistake the communications fairs of France, Italy, Belgium, and Great Britain the Senator's I receive from bankers who know no more of our f()reign ques action would have prostrated them helpless at the feet of long tions than. I know of the detailed operation~ of their banks. prepared Germany. His embargo woul~ have paralyzed tlle Brit I can not be mistaken in th.e systematic crusade of certain bond jsll Navy and continued the German advance toward Paris and and security houses, df ·the great life insurance companies that the charnel ports. The Senator then thought it more important hold liberal investments of foreign bonds, who are ODening tt' move American grain in domestic shipments than to permit the their advance now Upon l\1embers of this body. They have 5498 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-SEN ATE. SEPTh~IBBR 16, already cnnnblell some of the opposition to this league before . l\fr. SHERM.A.N. He can give his name to his epistolary their iu ~ Ldi o us touch. It is difficult to name or locate the de· activities if he wishes. I now offer some aullitional evidenc(>, tails, l.Jut it is material and powerful and is moving steadily to which I commend the Senator's kinulv attemion. towtl'nl the accou'lplishwent of its purposes. To them, Europe The great life insurance companies ·of the Uni ted Stutes, aml A .. ia offer an irumeuse field for profit. Development fol- doing business on the level-rate premium plan, Iuwe the largest lowing the reco,·ery from \Yar promises investments at remuner- individual investments of any enterprises in the worlu. ative. rates. Tbe Unite French bonu:-J, in l?t•eilch bonds-tlle Republic and its mlmici· Chicago. .I have no authoritY. to make it public, anu .therefore palities-nntl in 9ther .form::; of securities that were liberally will only r~cite the facts. It is oqe o.f the l:;trgest type founuers offered ou our markets pl'iOl' to our entering the war. They and manuf~cturers of printers' pecialfie in the world. I hav.e bought tllo e bonus a in:vcstment . . They yet hold them as known either the founders or the prese)lt ,heau of this ,4ouse investments. By turning to the market quotations I find that for more than 25 ye..·us. .I take that what they \'iTite in. tl,~C: those securities, like our own b~:mds, .are quoted at Ie s than letter is true. , . . . , par. In estimating the v~lue of tho e securities, actuaries will Last June a French agent from Pari was in the United. l)e ol>liged to take them at tb,eir now _market ·mine. There is a States intending to buy a large amount of printing material. depreciation between the cost price of .those ecru·_ities .and t4e Thi~ house sold the agent, for.. hie; employer, a l~rge bill of present market pric~. In other ;words. the assets of the com- merchandise. Other orders through Americau houses were panies have shrunk by so. much. . made about the arne time. The French agent, just before sai).- What I say of the life insurance companies is true of ma_ny ing for home, wrote the American house at Chicago that Fran~e . of the large metropolitan l>anks. The banks in New York, Pl'lila- had added from 30 to 3o per cent to .its tariff on such mer uelphia, and Chicago baYe invested liberally in foreign bonds~ chandise coming in from the United States and 15 per cent on They, too, have experienced the same depreciation in the fa)l the same kind of merchandise comiug into France from Great of securities on the market. . Britain. This is a difference of double the rate of duty at the There is a well-grQunded movement on foot in this country, cum:omhouses which our manufacturers must .meet in order to keeping step with the movement ~ong the allied powers of compete with the British manufacturers of the same type foun Europe. It is to internationalize the entire war U.ebt. It will ders and 11rinters' specialties. This is certainly reciprocity ancl not be many months before that pr_oject will appear iu Congt·es_s. gratitude, ::.Ur. President, both in the same breath. There will be suitable. public sentiment ~r~ted first. After that I should greatly like, when they are asking us for more, wheu , hall have been done, by both approaching the individual and by the Senator says that we owe them a great moral debt, more, prepared articles in the public press, the proper legisla~ion, oJ,·, more, if they arc to be in the attitude of the Oliver Twist of the if legislation is not necessary, under the pro~sions of the league world, I beg them to give us fair treatment at the customhouse and the treaty, the debt will be internationalized a ()DC of the undei· at least the most-favored nation clause or the third of the mean· of binding the signatory nations together in an indis- forgotten 14 points an equality of commercial conditions. soluble league, held together by an indebtedness. The entire This is not the only complaint. Other e:xporters in Chicago war debt of the several nations will be assumed by tlle league o~ have met with like experience . In other words, our friends 'nations or underwritten by the joint act of all the signatory who arc asking us to go into the league of nations to protect powers. It is known that n. co.mmon public d~bt is a l>inding tie their frontiers, to finance them, to internationaliZe the war ibetween nations, the strength of which can hardly be estimated. debts, to restore them to power, to help to build up their indus- The Turk would not be in Europe to-day--he would not exist tries arc to-day engaged in open, shameless discrimination even in Asia-were it not for the fact that the Turkish debt is against our exports when we reach their customhouses. I would held in every c·apital in Europe, and some in this country. In like for them to practice a little of the Christian charity, at otl}.er words, Turkey's strength has been her public U.el,)t not her least the equality that they ask us to practice every day aQd · .weakness; but her streno hath it so far, somewhat buttressed by a vigilant press. I under· and a league to guarantee it. Wilson secured this, and-immedi stancl that Col. House's brother-in-law is on the commission; ately it was all wrong. During the war they wanted an ending that his son-in-law bas been present in Paris, and also his son- of it that would primarily be satisfactory ·to the two great jn-law's partner. If there are any uncles and cousins and English-speaking countries. After the armistice and after Wil aunts their names have not yet been divulged, but I have no son had obtained what they asked in this respect t11ey found-that doubt that the ancient play of "Pinafore" will be rivaled when this was just whaf they did not want-England ought not to the truth is known. have anything to do with the treaty or league. Whose names are on the pay roll? What is their compensa- During the war they always demanded that France should tion? What have they done? What were their qualifications have every protection. At the peace table Wilson gave France when they undertook to perform the service? Were they ex- every protection. Immediately they changed their minds and pert ? No doubt they were. . This country swarms with fiat wanted no entangling alliances with France. During ·the war 0xperts, made overnight by passing resolutions; but we wish to they demanded that the five great allies should always act in knoyo;· ,...,-hether they are real experts or whether they are those concert. Wilson secured this demand, and immediately they crented by the breath of potentates or executives. · changed their minds and wanted to substitute China for But the Pre ident returned to our shores-.,.-we are all agreed on Japan, though Chlna had had practically nothing to do with this-with every dollar of the fund spent. I;Ie brought with him winning the war, and doubtless the most of her people hardly gift~ presentell him in Europe besides which the generosity and knew it was won. During the war and even when the peace con glory of Solomon and Crresus seem a beggar's pittance. The ference was assembled they constantly urged that the United golden ·ands of Pnctolus never poured down greater wealth for States should in all things act in concert with her allies. the ·oyereigns of an antique age than that given by the American Wilson did this, and now they have repudiated and deserted Hevublic to its -President. In return for all tills he exalts this our allies. During the war, either publicly or privately, they alien league exotic above the Government of his own country and criticized the Irish in Ireland for not going into the war as swear allegiance to a hybrid power across the sea. If this be they believed they should. After the war was over, and an hi conception of official duty, fortunate indeed would it have election in sight, they have had nothing but praise for the Irish been for this Hepublic if be had never returned to his native and condemnation for the English. The Irish have more votes shores but had remained in the arms of his foreign friends in this country than the English. Those of. us who genuinely and associates. sympathize with and favor the Irish must not be misled by this God grant we may return to the Government built by our change of front. Many of these gentlemen are not now and fathers and preserved by their· successors. .Let, too, the sim- never have been the real friends of Ireland. They shout in one plicity and love of country, the frugal cu toms and lowly habits breath that America must not meddle in European affairs, and in 1.mder which the Nation grew from colonial days to the ruemor- the next breath that Fiume must go to Italy. They shout in nble day in April, 1917, when we called to arms from this his- one breath that America must isolate herself, and in the next toric Chamber to preserve, protect, and defend the American that it will be a crime if America does not in this treaty restore people against. the German Empire return once more to the Shantung to Chlna. hearts of all. As we received it from our predecessors, a gov- During the war when Wilson gave out his 14 points they crnrnent of free people, regulated by law moving in the estnb- ~ praised them all. When Wilson secured their enactment into a li. hed or(lerly channels of the Constitution, with no one so great treaty they immediately said they were all wrong, and then ns to be aboYe it and none so hllmble as to be beneath. its watch- blamed him for not getting all of them into the treaty. The ful care, with but one allegiance to one government and those conclusion is inevitable from all these changes in position that abiding beneath it a rule of law above labor unions, socialism if they were sincere in their views toward the Presirlent's ·soviet, or lawl~:>ss multitude, so will we deliver it to posterity: P?licies during the war they are not sincere now: If they nt·e the priceless gift of our saf'rifice and the patriotic devotion of smcere now, they were not sincere in their pledges of patriotism our genPratinn. f Applau~e in the galleries.] then. They can take either horn of this dilemma. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair reminds occupants That President Wilson has made many mistakes can not be of the galleries that it is contrary to the 1~ules of the Senate to successfully controverted. No man who do.es not make them manifest approval or disapproval. ever gets ~ery far. That be has accomplished some of the 1\fr. McKELLAR. l\1r. President, I de ire to occupy about 1o great~st .thmgs that h~ve ever been accompl~shed by any Presi ruinutes of the time of the Senate in brief answer to some state· dent 1s JUSt as UJ?dema?le; Under these cucumstances ought ments made by the distinguishe(l Henator from Illinois [Mr. we not all to be fa1r ~o h1m. . . SHERMA~] who has just taken his seat. Tnke the case of his celebrated 14 pomts. These apphed only · to the settlement of the war with Germany. I am not going to LET us BE FAIR. discuss those 14 points, but I am _going to submit to his op- Ever since the armistice was signed on November 11. 1918. ponents in the Senate and in the country his 14 other American many ~enators in this Chamber have seen fit on innumerable point'3 and challenge tl1ese opponents to contro-vert them. I occasions to criticize and abuse the President of the United have arranged these 14 points in a very simple way. They are States for his conduct of the war and his terms of peace. Some- arranged in 14 questions with a blank for the answer. I am times criticisms have been made for which there was some going to ask that they be published in the RECORD this way, so foundation. but more often criticism and abuse have been that any Senator or any citizen may have the opportunity of hurled at him and his policies without rhyme or reason and writing in the name of the President which, in their judgment, without regard to facts. The rema1·ks to which we have just answers the question. All that I ask it that they be candidly listened are an illustration in point. Before the armistice, when answered. we were fighting, as these very gentlemen admitted, for a vic- I here and now promise to give as full publication as I can to torious \var and an enduring peace, everything the President the answers. did or said was exactly right-the 14 points, the league of na THE 14 AMERICAN POINTS. tions, a dictated peace, and all the rest. But when the armistice 1. During whose administration has the American farmer re was signed guaranteeing· a complete surrender by Germany ceived the greatest returns for his toil? ------and her allies, and rr victorious war won by the United States 2. During whose administration has the American laborer had and her allies, his political enemies immediately changed front, his fulle t dinner pail and received his greatest pay? ______and, an election being seen in the distance, in all their plans 3. During whose administration has the American business politics super eded patriotism. They knew, of course, that the man made his largest profits? ------chief honor of '\\inning the war would naturally fall to Presi 4. During whose administration has the American banker and dent Wilson, and immediately upon the realization of that fact American stockholder in other corporations received their largest every one of those who during the war had claimed to be hls dividends? ------friends but who were not, who claimea to be for his policies_but 5. During whose administration has America enjoyed her who were not, began their tirade of abuse and vilification and greatest prosperity?------their machinations to prevent his getting credit for winning the 6. During whose administration has the greatest merchant war or for securing peace. Immediately, in their eyes, not~ing marine ever owned by America been built? ------that he had. ever done or ever would do was or could be right. 7. During whose administration has the greatest banking sys- Be was not only wrong when they said he was wrong, but he tem ever known been created? ------was wrong even when they, during the war, for their own 8. During whose administration has the wealth of America J)Olitical reasons, hrrd said he was right. been made to bear its just proportion of taxation by the passnge During the war. when Wilson demanded a dictated peace, they of income-tax laws? ------_ applauded the utterance as the personification of American 9. During wbose.administration did America become the great patriotism. When 'Vilson secured a dictated peace, immedi financial center of the world? ------_ately they turned turtle and said it was too harsh on Germany. 10. Dur~ng ,whose.. admi.A-i~tr_ation has the American Navy During the war they all claimed they wanted an enduring peace reached its ~ghest efficiency? ______..:______5502 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. SEPTEI\IBRR 16, 11. During who e a I dill this at tile time anu· I do. it now because Col. Roosevelt's In a spee<'h at Shadow Lawn September 30, 1916, tbe President po ition was the :arne a· mine. He, too, was charged with in said: consistency and he, too, ha · been misrepresented and misquoted. The certain prospect of the success of the Republican Party is that I read a single paragraph ft·om the article in the Kansas City we shall be drawn in one form or another into the embroilments of the Star written by Col. Roosevelt: European war. "Our need is not ::v great as that of the vast scattered British Empire, I now quote from the interview at the White House on August for our domains are pretty much in a ring fence. We ought not to 19, 1919: undertake the task of pclicing Europe, Asia, and northern Africa ; neither Senator McCuMBER. Would our moral conviction of the unrighteous ought we to permit a ny interference with the Monroe doctrine or any ness of the German war have brought us into this war if Germany bad attempt by Europe ot· Asia to police America. Mexico is our Balkan not committed any acts against us without the league of nations, Peninsula. Some dav we will have to deal with it. All the coasts and as we had no league of nations at that time? i lands which in an)' way approach the Panama Canal must be dealt The PRESIDENT. I hope It would eventually, Senator, as things de with by this Nation :mel by this Nation in accordance with the Monroe veloped. doctrine. Senator McCUMBER. Do you think that if Get·many had committed "On .January 3 of the present year-the Friday before his no act of war or no act of injustice against our citizens that we would have gotten into this war 'i death-he dictated another editorial which appeared in the The PRESIDENT. I do think SO. Kansa.~ City Star after his death. I wish time would permit me Senator McCuMBER. You think we would have gotten in nnrwnr? to read it all, but I will read only one paragraph: The PRESIDENT. I do. " * • • Let each nation reserve to itself and for its own dedsion, On the 19th of August, 1914, the President said: and let it clearly set forth questions which are nonjusticiable. • • • The United States must be neutral in fact as well as in name during Finally, make it perfectly clear that we do not intend to take a position these days that are to try men's souls. We must be impartial in of an international Meddlesome Mattie. 'l'he American people do not thought as well as in action, must put a curb upon our sentiments as wish to go into an overseas war unless for a very great cause and where well as upon every transaction that might be construed as a preference the issue is absolutely plain. Therefore, we do not wish to undertake the of one party to the struggle before another. responsibility of sending our gallant young men to die in obscure fights in the Balkans or in Central Europe or in a war we do not approve of. When we entered the war, on the 6th of April, 1917, evidently Moreover, the American people do not intend to give up the Monroe doc the President had seen reason to change his mind-very for trine. Let civilized Europe and Asia introduce some kind of police sys tem in the weak and disorderly countries at their thresholds. But let tunately, as I think, and greatly to his credit. But if we are the United States treat Mexico as our Balkan Peninsula and refuse to looking for inconsistencies they can be found even in the greatest allow European or Asiatic powers to interfere on this continent in any men. way that implies permanent or semipermanent possession. Every one of our Allies will with delight grant this request if President Wilson The Great War- choosE:"s to make it, and it will be a great misfortune if it is not made. He said again in an address before the League to Enforce " Two \Yeeks before his death I was with Theodore Roosevelt Peace, at Washington, May 27, 1916- for ·orne hours, seeing him for two mornings in succession. The The Great War, that broke so suddenly upon the world two years ago. and which has swept within its flame so great a part of the civilized draft now before the country was not then before us, but we dis world, has affected us very profoundly, and we are not only at liberty, it cusse H tllen .. aid on )Jay 10, 1915 : Again an inconsistency. I think the second decision was The example of America must be a special example. The example of right, and it would have been unfortunate if the President had America mu t be the example of peace, not merely because it will not tight, but of peace because peace is the healing and tbe elevating in not changed his mind. On April 2, 1917, the President also fluence of the world and strife is not. There is such a thing as a map said : · being too proud to fight. We do not wish to fi~ht her (Germany) either with arms or ho tile On October 11, 1910, lle aid : arrangements of trade, If she is willing to associate herself with us and other yea.ce-loving nations of the world in the covenants of justice and .America stands apart in its ideals; it ought not to allow itself to be fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the llrawn, as far as its heart is concerned, into anybody's quarrel. peoples of the world-the new world in which we live--instead of a. We went to war in April, 1917, and now we are making a place of mastery. treaty which involves us, by its term , in literally everybody's On December 4, 1917, he said: quarrels for an indefinite future. This intolerable thing of which the masters of Germany havce shown On the 24th of October, 1918, he said: os the ugly face, this menace of combined intrigue and force, which we now see clearly as the German power • • •. If you have approved of my leadership and wish me to continue to be your unembarrassed spokesman at borne and abroad, I earnestly beg l\fr. President, I have merely introduced a few quotations. I that you will express yourself unmistakably to that effect by returning could go on at great length piling up contradictions as to other a Democratic majority in both the Senate and the House of Representa tives. matters, but I do not think the fact that the President has changed his mind in regard to the war in Europe, in regaro to I do not charge hlm with any inconsistency there. That was entangling alliances, and in regard to our mixing in the bi·oils of simply a misapprehension and a misfortune-a misfortune for Eur_ope has any relation whatever to the merits of the ca!':e. I him in making the appeal. never should have thought of citing these instances if the Pre::;i On l\lay 17, 1916, he said: dent had not become distressed about my inconsistencies. Since the rest of the world is mad, why hould we not refuse to have anything to do with the rest of the world in the ordinary channels Mr. President, in conClusion I wish to read just a few words of action? from the close of the speech to which I have referred, anu To-day "·e are supposed to have the ordinary channels of 'Yhich. wa delievered by me in the Senate on Thursday, 11'ebru· action. Peace has come. He thought the rest of the world was ary 1, 1917: mad, but now he does not seem to be in favor of having noth ~s an xample of wbnt I mean, let mo cail you:r attention to the reso lution offered by tbe Senator from Idaho. It meets with my full ap ing to do with tile rest of the world in the ordinary channels proval at the present time, for I now see in this tortured and distracted of action. We are told that all the hope of humanity is there. world nothing but peril in abandoning our long and well-e tnblished On December 8, 1914, he said: policies, which have behind them not only the authority of WashinJ;ton and Jefferson and Adams and Monroe, but a long· acceptance by the More thnu this, proposed at this time, permit me to say, would mean American peoJ)le. Let it not be forgotten that if we pas that resolu merely that we had lost our self-posse:; ion ; that we had beeu thrown tion we close the door for the time being, so far as the Senate is con off our balance by a war with which we have nothing to do, whose cerned, upon a pJ•oposition that we should join a league for peace causes can not touch us. backed by the organized major force o! mankind. I do not say whether he was right or wrong. This is :o.ot the That was the President's proposition. time to debate merits or demerits. I merely want to point This resolution commits us without reserve to the policy, in regard to out that when ''e come to incon istencies, they can be found in foreign nations, of Washington, Monroe, and Jefferson, whose state many place. ments are as clear as the unclouded sun at noonday, and ar e not col lections of double-meaning words under which men can hide and· say On July 23, 1915, he said: they mean anything or noth!ng. Let there be no mistake about what Tho Government of the United States an I not a lasting peace. I might cite other examples, but one affirm minutes to spare; but what ::\rr. Tewple said when he preseuted ative instu.uce is enough to shatter a universal negative. A.s it cover , in a general "·ay, th general purpose. of th code. the Frenchman ~aid, ·No generalization is ever completely true, l\Ir. Temple said : not even this one.' It is a little hasty, therefore, to say that no "The seas arc already free in time of peace. The new co having the largest mercantile marine in. complete control of the- ;fit, have said something which meant nothing, for that is an art seas if war occurred, because if there were no naval ships the as old as language itself. But it may be doubted if either was nation which could arm and put ·afloat the greatest number of able or would have consented to say something which might mean merchant vessels for naval purpo es would, of ·course, be supreme anything. They were upright, straightforward men, and Mr. in the absence of ships of war. Before entering upon the free- Monroe stated his famous doctrine' in plain, unmistakable terms dom of the seas, allied . with the limitation of armaments, it which he who ran might read. When -we examine the message would be well to consider ·whether the world would thereby· be of 1823 it will be observed that the Monroe doctrine is strictly left uruler a system which in time of -war would confer abso- local in its application; that is, it applies only to the American lute power upon the nation possessing the largest mercantile; Hemisphere· and is based on the theory that there are two marine. spheres in· the world which are entirely separate in their pollti- " It will also be necessary for the firm and lasting peace cal interests. How are we to reframe the first portion of the 1wllieh the league proposed by the President is to bring about Monroe doctrine- so as to give it a world-wide application? It that every great people now struggling toward a full develop- as erts that the American Continents are not to be considered ; 'ment of its resources and its powers be assured a direct outlet as subjects for future colonization by any European power. to the sea. The President confines this important right to the How is this proposition to be turned into a world doctrine? If 'great peoples,' which does not seem to harmonize entirely with all the European powers accepted that doctrine and agreed with his earlier proposition that there must be no difference, recog- us that they· would attempt no colonization here, we should nized or implied, between big nations and small, ' between those haye the recognition of the doctrine by European powers, but which are powerful and those which are weak,' or with the the· doctrine would apply to the same territory as before. How declarntion that the equality of nations, upon which peace must are we to make it a · world doctrine. in any other way? How be fqunded, must be an equality of rights. If the right of ac- are we to turn info· a world doctrine President Monroe's second cess to the sea is to be confined, as the President says, to 'every statement that he should regard it as an unfriendly act if .any great people,' small nations are excluded. We have ample Eur&pcan power interfered with· the independence of any Amer acce.· to two great oeeans, so that this proposed reform of the ican Government?'· Is the transformation to be effected by ha\~ Pref l jn t1y objects, I do not find it ea y to det-ermine precisely what anywhere? - If we are. to abandon the 1\I-onr-oe• d.octrine1 t.hi is is meant by making the- doctr·ine-of President l\Ionroe the doc- one way of doing it. trine of the world. Let me begin by quoting the doctrine as- "Lha:ve tried very• briefly to set forth the conditions precc stated by Presill<>nt Monroe. The 1\lonroe doctrine-- appears, as dent which the President:says are essential to a lasting peace. . everyone knows, in the President's annual message of December Lha•e· endeavored in a.. very general and imperfect way' to 'un- 2, 1823. It is found in two separate passages. The first is cover· the realities' and to get rid . of all 'soft concealments.' connected with the statement made by the President as to the Now, having clearly. in. our minds these condition precedent, proposition of the Russian Go\ernment to arrange by negotia- vital to the e tabllshment. of a_ lasting. peace which we are to tion the respective rights of the two nations up_orr the northwest help bring about, I desire to consider the·part which \Ye are to coast of this continent. President l\Ionroe then says·: take in maintaining it. Let me say at the outset, by way of "In the discussions to which this·interest has given rise and in the preface, that it seems to me· unwise to entangle the question o:t nrrangements by which they may terminate the occasion has been judged what shall be done to make ea t ft th 1 proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of P ce permanen a er · e cone u- lthe United Stutes are involved, that the American.. continents, by the sion of the present war ·with the peace which is to terminat-e fre.'! and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, this war~ It confuses two wholly distinct que tions, and is ce~ are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by tuinly injurious to the prospect of the success of any attempt any European powers. to make the peace which comes at the end of this war perma~ "The second declaration of the doctrine occurs in connection uent: It tends also to create ill feeling toward the Unite.d wltll that portion of the message de\oted to South America States on one side or the other, and perhaps on both, and the and to the- purposes of the Holy Alliance, and is,as·follows: influence of the United States in behalf of the future peace of " We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations exist- the world will not be increased but will, I fear, be sadly dimin ing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any ished if we endeavor; directly Ol' ·indirectly, to meddle with the portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With. terms· of the peace which shall conclude the present war, be the existing colonies or dep~ndencies of any European power we have cause · in so doing we should inevitably takes St.des .....- ·th one not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments- " 1 who have declared their independence and maintained it, and who e gt·oup of belligerents or with another. independence w~ have, on great consideration and on just principles, "Let us. now consider what has already been done in behalf acknowledged, "e could not view any interposition for the purpose of of world peace and what it is proposed we shall do· in the oppressing them or controlling in any other manner their destiny by any European powe1· in any other light than as the IIlllnifestatlon of future, because that question has been forced upon u s. All in- an unfavorable disposition toward the United States. ternational associations or agreements for the promotion of the "J"ohn Quincy Adams who formulated and P1·esidentJ l\Ionroe world's peace hav-e hitherto been voluntary.; that is, there has who proclaimed the doctrine, w.hich rightly bears the latter's been no sanction. behind the decisions of the international tribu name, were eminent men of 'ery- large experience, both in nals or behind the ·international agreements.· If ~ny signatory public affairs at home and in diplomacy. They knew well the. of the agreements or ~ treaties ; or any party to an arbitration, value of words. l\1r. Adams was a scholar witlL a remarkable declined to be bound -by a decision of the tribunal which had power of expression: Xo doubt they both could, if they had seen been created or by the proyisions of an international convention, 5508- there wn-; no means of compelling such i->ignatory to ablue by Pre ident . ee: this clearly. He propo:es tlwt we ·hould a(lherc theiU a j'act which·llns·been mo. t msrni\lly tlemon.:trated since to a league for peace and then says : this war hPgan: "· · · · "It will be absolutely necessa1·y that a force JJe crea.teu as a guar· "'J'hP <'1.1ief prnctirnl re ult of iuternaiionnl a:sociat.ions for antor of the permanency of the settlement so much greatel' than the force of any nation now engaged or any alliance hitherto formed or pro the promotion of peace na · taken the form of' arrnilgements foi· je~ted that_ no nation; no probable combination of nations, could face or t.h' :ll'hitnttion of 't:ll. puted que. tion.: .'.f'he . . ubjecfs of' these wJthstand 1t. ·If the p~nce presently_ to be made is to endure, it must · arhitralinn. hay bePnlimited and tile'subrui. sion of the·natlons be n peace made secure by the organ1zed major force of mankind. , to the international -trmnual:; · mitl H1etr decisions luis .l.>een '' Kothing could be plain~r or_more direct than that :tatement, vnrely Yo1nntat·y. l\Iuch ~ood - has been obtained by voluntary and if we are to advance from the voluntary stage it must be,- · ;~r·uitrntiou. , I\Iany rntnor questions which a ·l1Undred years ago ns the President ~ays, l>y a league for peace bebincl which is the Jed to repri.·ul::;, and sometimes· to w·ar, haY been remoYed 'fL'om organized major force of mnnkind. I ful1y agre with the 111f' re~ion of armed hostilities· rwd ln·ougbt within ·the range of Pre. iclent that if we arc to haYc a league such as he describ "{leaceaule ·ettlement. Voluntary arl>itrat·ions, wltich·have gone and are tQ enforce pea,ce it must . be done in just the way he on in teatlily increasing number and in the promotion of which has .· tate can not make effective a league for peace, ' . upporteu by the be rnatle, it must be one backetl by the force which the Presi organized major force of mankind,' by language or high-sound dent has describetl. Are we prepared to commit ourselves to a ing phrases, which fall so agreeably upon the ear, when there pm·ely general proposition without knowing where we are going is no thought behind it. The forces of the league must con or what is to be demanded of us, except that we shall be com sist of an army and navy. They must have rifles· and machine pelled to furnish our quota of military and naval forces to the guns and cannon, battleships · and battle cruisers, submarin~s · service of a league in which we shall have but one voice? We and aeroplane. , and all the terrific machinery of modern war. are a ked to place om·selves in a position where our military They can not set that machinery in motion by ' calling spirits forces could be used for war by the uecree of other nations. from the vasty tleep' like Glendower. They must have men This would be a very momentous step. Surely we ought to of flesh and blootl to man their ships and fight their guns, pau. e and consider very carefully and know every detail before. and these men must be officered and commanded. Then when we commit ourselves to any Yague, general propo. itions inYOlY they order these forces to mo-ve they can eilforce p·eace, and ing such serious results and responsibilities. they '"ill do it by war, if necessary, in which each member of "The first service which the United States can render to the the league must bear its part. Representatives of the league cause of peace is to preser-ve its own. I do not mean within would thus be vested with the authority to make war and to its own borders, but to pt·eserve its peace with the other. nations put the league forces nntler the control of some comriumder of the earth. This can be done in only one way-by the mo~t whom they should select. absolute and scrupulous obserYance of every treaty or agree "If we are to adhere to the principle of the equality of nations ment that we enter into ; by the termination of all treaties for laid clown by the President, each nation, great and small, hav arbitration which we know well we should not under certain ing equality of rights, would have an equal voice in the decision conditions and · in time of stress regard; for no such war-breed · of the league, and a majority would set the forces of the league ing treaties ought to cumber the ground ; and, lastly; by the h1 motion. It might happen that the majority would be com-. establishment of such national defenses, both by land and ea, posed of the ·niaUer and wcakE>r nations, who, if they are to· have as to insure our country, so far as it can be done, from wanton equality of rights, would thus be enabled to precipitate the attack. When we ha-ve taken step.~ to insure our own .peace grE::ater nations into· war, into a war perhaps with one of the and have national defenses sufficient for that purpose, the next greatest nation · of the league. In the present state of human step, if we ure to become members of this league for peace, nature and public opinion is it probable that any nation will bind would be to put our national force .. , or a portion of them, at itself to go to war at the command of other nations and furnish the disposition -of the league under conditions established by its army and navy to be disposed of as the majority of other the terms of the h·eaty .which creates the league. If we arc nations may ·ee fit? It seems to me that it is hardly possible, not prepared to take these obligations; if we are not ready to nnd yet in what other way can we come to the practical side of submit questions which we consider of vital interest to the de this question? In what other way are you to enforce the de -Cision of the league ; if we are not fully prepared to carry out cisions of the league? If you undertake to limit the questions all om· obligations which a league for peace would neces arily of disputes between nations which the league shall decide, you require, we had better restrict our elves to the voluntary arbi lVill not be able to go beyond the limits already imposed in volun tration, which we know can be carried out, until the people of tary arbitration nnd there will be no need of force. If a real the United States are ready to go further. A league for peace atlvance is to be made, you must go beyond those limitations, you has a most encouraging sound, but thLg ·is altogether too grave must agree to submit to the decision of the league questions a question to be satisfied with words. 'Ve must realize that a which no nation will now admit to be arbitrable. You would league for peace means putting force lJehind peace and making be compelled, if a decree of the league were resisted, to go to war on any nation which does not obey the decisions of the war without any action on the part of Congress and wholly on league. It may be that the world's peace can be secured in this the command of othe!.· nations. "\Ve art" all anxious to promote manner, but we should not attempt it without a full apprecia peace in every possible way, but if we are ·to maintain the peace tion of just what it involves. Effective leagues for peace can of the world by force it can only be maintained in the way I not be sustainE>d by language alone nor by moral suasion a have described, and no amount of shouting about the blessings their only weapons. I reiterate with all possible emphasis that of peace will relieve us from the obligations or the necessities when they pass beyond the present voluntary stage they must imposed by putting force behind the peace of the world as we be sustained by men and arm. , and if we are ready to a sume put it behind the pea.ce of a dty. · that responsibility, then .we may proceed to take the necessary " Let us now consider this plan from our own point of view steps, but not otherwise. alone and with reference , olely to the United States. The policy "Let me take two examples of questions which we must be of the United States hitherto has been the policy laid down by prepared to face as members of a league for peace 'supported 'Yashington, and its corollary expressed in the message of Presi by the major foi·ce of mankind.' If, as I have already said. dent Monroe. Washington declared that we had a set of inter such a league is formed, it must tleal with questions of vital ests separate from those of Europe and that European political interest and go beyond the limitations of Yolnntary agreements, '}uestions diu not concern u . Monroe declared that we had a set for if it does not there will be no advance on the present con of question. whi<:h did not concern Europe, and that, as we did ditions. Assume that such a league has been formed, with the uot meddle with Europe, Europe must not meddle with us. powers which I have outlined. China and Japan, we will say, The. ·e doctrine were ~pproved and stated with great force and acting on the principles of the brotherhood of man which thi explicitne s by Jefferson. From the time of their enunciation league is to embody, come before the representatives of the these policie have been followed and adhered to by the United league and demand for their people the right of free emigration States. I haYe the greatest possible reverence for the precepts to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, which now praetically of 'Vashington; no wiser, no more farseeing, man ever lived. I exclude them. Suppose the league decides that the people of only wish that Wf' had followed all his precepts as closely as we China and Japan ought not to be deprived of the right to have that which he laid down as to our relations· with Europe. migrate anywhere, a11d that Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, But I l)ave no . uperstition in regard to Washington's policy, backed by England, decline to accept tllis decision. The league nor do I think he had. He set fortll his policy under conditions will then proceed to enforce its decision, and we shall find our not unlike tbo. e \Vhich now exist, and be stated very explicitly selve obliged to furnish o~r quota to a force which will compel tbat we should not involve ourselves in any way in the ordinary the admission of Asiatic labor to Canada. Are we prepared to vicissitudes of European politic . I think be meant that we make war upon Canada in such a cause as this, our quota of :-:honld hold our. elves aloof and that this should be our guiding the forces of the league perhaps lJeing under the orders of a rule. I am far from thinking that the man who won the Revo Japanese commander in chief? Let us turn the question the lution laro-ely through the ailiance with France would have other way. Suppose the Asiatic powers demand the free admis ~mgge. ted that there could be no possible situation in which sion of their labor to the United State~, and \ye resist, and the it might not be well for us to form an alliance with some other decision of the league goes against us. Are we going to accept it? nation or nation~. But that situation certainly has hitherto Is it possible that anyone who wishes to preserYe our standardll never arisen. The wi , dom of Washington's policy, supplemented of life and labor can be drawn into a sc~1eme, veiled by glit by that of. ~lonroe, ha.· been demonstrated by the experience of tering and glancing generalities, which \Yould take from us our more than a ceutm·y, nJHl this nt least must be said, that \Ye severeign right to decide alone and for ourselves the vital ques should not depart :fL'om it \Yithout most powerful reasons and tion of the exclusion of :Mongolian and A.siatic labor? The e without knowing exactly where that d-eparture would lead. are not fanciful cases drawn from the region of the imagination. We are now invited to depart from it by giving our adherence They are actual, living questions of Ute utmost vitality_and peril to a league fot· veace when the present war closes, without to-day. · In the:{ll is involved that ueepest of human instincts knowing how far it is )Woposed to go or what is to be demanded which eeks not only to prevent an impo .c . ~ ible competition in of m;. If an effecth·c Jengne for peace nmong the nations is to labor but to maintain the purity of the race. Arc we prepared LYIJI--3~ 5510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SEN ATE. SEPTEl\fBER 16, to make any agreement which would put us in sucll a position upon a -proposition that we should join a league for peace backed as that? Before we give our adhesion to a league for peace let by the organized major force of mankind. This re olution com us (!Onside.r all these contingencies. The time will not ue wa ted mits us without reserYe to the policy, in regard to foreign which we give to such consideration. nations, of Washington, Monroe, and ;Jefferson, whose state " I bear already the clamor of those who have been shrieking ments are as 'clear as the unclouded SliD at noonday, and are for peace at any price and denouncing all armaments, rising not collections of double-meaning words under which men cnn around us with the passionate demand that we ·shall imme hide and say they mean anything or nothing. Let there be no diately join a league for peace, about the details of which they mistake about what we are doing in this dh;ection. I would neither know nor care, but which will compel the establish not have our action misunderstood there any more than I should ment of large naval and military forces, and which may plunge wish to see a mistake made if resolutions were adopted in a u.s into war in any quarter of the globe at any moment at the sense to which I was opposed. The1'e is no lurking place for a bidding of other nations. Such is the magic of a word to those league for. peace ' supported by the organized major forces ot who are content with vocal sounds and ask only that the word mankind' in the sentences of George Washington and Thomas they love be shouted with sufficient loudness. But they, too, ;Jefferson set forth in the preamble to which there olution of the if they persist, will meet the day when word are vain, when Senator from Idaho declares our allegiance. there is no help or shelter in language, and when they must " This war will end; the passions of mankind will die uown; face relentless, unforgiving realities. I know well the ques individual ambitions will vanish with the evanescent beings tion which can be put to me, and probably will be put to who cherish them; but the Republic and the American people roe here and elsewhere: 'Are you, then, unwilling to use will remain. Let us beware how we take any steps which may the power and influence of the United States for the pro precipitate this country and the people who are to come after motion of the permanent peace of the world?' Not at all; us, and whose inheritance it is, into danger which no man · there is nothing that I have so much at heart. But I do can foresee. We can not secure our own safety or build up not, in my eagerness to promote the permanent peace of the the lasting peace of the world upon peace at any price. The world, desire to invotve this country in a scheme which may peace of the world, to be enduring, must be ba ed on righteous create a situation wor e than that which now exists. Some ness at any cost. [Applause in the galleries.]" time·· it is better to 'bear the ills we have than fly to others Mr. WILLI.Al\1S. 1\fr. President, it is a familiar thing when that we knmv not of.' There are measures which will promote two little children are quan·eling for one of them to call the peac and wbicll are \Yholly practicable. The first and most im other a name and then for the other one to ay, "You are onf', portant i the protection of our own peace against foreign at too." It seems from what has just occiD·red that " 0 Town-ups" tack. That can only be done by national defense, and we have are not exempt from this habit of the children. no adequate national defen e now. We ha\e no means of re I agree with the Senator from Mas achusett. about one pelling the invasion of a o-reat power as it must be repelled, and thing: It is of no importance what :my man thought or said such weakne. , combin d with great wealth, constitutes an in three years, four years, or lx: year ago; the question is a to vitation and a temptation to war. Again t that danger we whether he is thinking honestly and thinkin ..... sincerely and hould insure ourselves by adequate national defenses, and by has intellectual integrity in his thought and in his utterances reducing the danger of war being forced upon us we to that ex to-day. If he snid something four year ago that was not in ten promote the p ace of mankind and we like\Yi e put our accord with what he says to-day, be ou"l~t to be able to say, sel-ve in a p ition where our influence and power in the world "My only explanation is that fOUl' year. ago I believed what for the maintenance of general peace would be enormously I then said and I now belie\e what I now say." That i suffi increased. The next thing to which we ought to address our cient answer to all that sort of thing. selve · on the onclusion of thi war should be the rehabilitation But, 1\fr. President, all men, even great . ection , are capable and reestabli hment of international law. International law of all orts of inconsistency. You will r member when tbe repre ents a great rna._· of customs and usages which have be North and the South went into the late i-ril 'Var, the South come law and which hn-re been observed, cited; and ref-erred to went in contending that it had sececled and that therefore it by t}J.e natioru. International law has had an ever-increasing had formed a separate and independent go\ernment and was power in guiding and controlling the concluct of nations toward "out ide of the Union.'' The North contended that the South each other. The fact that it has been violated and disregarded could not get outside of th Union anu wa. "in the Union," in many instances during the pre ent conflict is no rea on for no matter what it said about itself. Then. when the 'Yar was adopting the counsel of despair and saymg that it is of no value O\er they both changed position at once; and the South claimed and must be abandoned. It i of enormous value and should be to be in the Union and claimed all of her "constitutional" restored and upbuilt on the conclusion of this war with all the rights as States in the Union, while the North claimed that tile energy and influence which we can bring to bear. We should South was out of the Union and was subject to be treated like try nl o, within the nece ary and natural limits, to extend the conquered ten·itory and would be and could be " readmitted " to u e of voluntary arbitration, so fru· as pos ible, and create, as the Union only on compliance with certain pre cribed " terms we can well do, a powerful public opinion behind the ystem of the conqueror." What had occurred? Wa there any real and behind the maintenance of peace. We can also do much in inconsistency? In mere words, perhap ther wa , uut the urging a general reduction of armaments by all nations. inconsistency was apparent rather than real. "It may be aid that these are but slight impro\ement and The Senator from Ma sachusetts calls attention to what he but moderate advances. This may all be true, but what I pro calls the inconsistencies of the President to-day, but I dare say po ... e has at least this merit-it is not visionary, anu I suggest that there is no inconsistency about any of it. Let us run O\er nothing which is not practical and reasonable and .which will it rapidly and see. not, within its limitations, do substantial good. If there is any The Great War broke out; the world wu.s shocked, ama.zed, way in which we can go further without creating a worse con pn~alyzed, astonishe(L The President's fir t position wru one of dition nobody will be more rejoicecl than I; but I do not wish "regret.'' Then the war went on and became a yery erious to plunge blindly forward, misled by phrases and generalities, thing, and the President's ne:xt position was ODE;! of announced into undertaking which threaten worse results than the im "neutrality." Then the war went on still further, and German perfect conditions now existing. We are as a people altogether barbarities beginning to excite our abhorrence, he beO'ged us to too prone to be satisfied with words; to believe that we ad keep out of it, notwithstanding his own and our strong sym vance the cause of peace or any good cause merely by shout pathy with the victims, and endure, yet to observe OUl' neutral ing for it. When we approach such questions as are involved in ity. The war continued still further, the German barbar1ties our relation with the other nations of the earth and such a increased everywhere, involving our citizens, and we got into mighty issue as the maintenance of the world's peace, to be mis it, and now the President says, having been in it and through led by words and to take word for deeds would be a fatal error. it, to a successful issue, "do not scuttle out of its obligations"; Whatever we decide to do, let us know precisely what we are "do not desert your allies and associates"; do not give notice, doing and what we may reasonably expect. as somebody in Germany lately said, that you are holding up "As an example of what I mean, let me call your attention to "the hope of a red dawn" of rehabilitation and final netory the resolution offered by the Senator from Idaho. It meets for Germany by creating division among the Allie ~ , caused by with my full approval at the present time, for I now see in the delays of the Senate, in America first. I say there is no real this tortured and distracted world nothing but peril in aban inconsistency in any of it. Conditions changed from day to day, doning our long and well-established policies, which have behind and the President with magnificent common sense confronted them not only the authority of Washington and ;Jefferson and each condition u.s it arose. The inconsistency, if any, was in Adams and Monroe but a long acceptance by the American people. the conditions themsel\es, in the historical sequence of events. Let it not be forgotten that if we pass that resolution we close I can follow him back and sny with all my heart that I think he thll' door for the time being, so far as the Senate is concerned, was right at each stage, except that I do not think we got into 1919. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENA'fJ£. 5511 the war qnite quickly enough, although many people thought we volition, none to re. erve the right to determine what questions o-ot in too soon . come within om· exclusive domestic jurisdiction, and equally 1\fr. Pre~ident, ·I just said that ihe President's last position none to protect the Monroe doctrine against European interpre jR, ''baying tried to keep out of it, having done all we could, tation. Explicitly or implicitly, all thPSe are already fully co\ere Mr. HITCHCOCK. Yes, Mr. Pre ident; and I endeavo·red to I now ask the Senator to permit tile reading of the treaty. secure from the Senator an avowal that he would in good faith at least down to the first amendment, ·o that we can maka carry out hi.· purpose of keeping the treaty before the Senate some progresg, to the exclusion of other business. Mr. WILLIAl\IS. l\lr. President, will the Senator yield to me Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, my good faith and what I intend for just a moment? I di agree with both Senators. I do not to do is my business. think the galleries al'e " half :filled " or a third filled " with peopie Mr. SMOOT. And I want to say to the Senator, as far as the who never were in them before." I think substantially the same tMembers of the Senate are concerned. that I think they feel crowd that has been packing them for some time has them in lthat the Senator has kept the treaty before the Senate. Far its possession now. But, having said that much, I want to say (be it from me or any other Republican Senator to delay the this: ~ consideration of the treaty; but why should we spend 25 minutes I ne\el' was to the slightest degree in sympathy with the idea here to-day in just beginning the reading of the treaty, when we that the occupants of the galleries ought not to be permitted to lhave othe1· business that we know-- applaud. It is a rule of the Senate, and as such, of course, it Mr. IDTOHCOOK. It has to be done at some time. We ougtit to be carried out. It is not a rule of the House of Repre jshould not h:n·e other business. This is the big business before sentatives, and the House of Representatives has always gotten the country that the whole country is talking about. Of course along very well without it. Where spectators are permitted the Senator ha a bill there. Other Senators haye other bills. to come to the galleries, any rule prohibiting them from ap There are great legislative measures waiting, and it is all the plauding ought to be abolished. and they ought to be allowed to l.more reason why we should crowd this treaty thro'Cigh. applaud whenever they please. Of course that does not relieve I put it to the Senator from Massachusetts again: Does he or the Chair from. his duty of enforcing the rule of the Senate; but does he not intend to carry out in good faith his declared purpose I just wanted to say, as far as I am concerned, that it is a rule of keeping the treaty before the Senate until it is finished? of which I have never approved. 1\Ir. LODGE. I certainly do ; and I propose to do it in my own The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair feels a certain way, without advice from· the Senator from Nebraska. [Ap respon ibility in the matter; and while he may give latitude in plause in the galleries.] certain instances. the Ohair will feel it his duty to prevent I'e l\Ir. HITCHCOCK. I presume the Senator will do it in the curring applause as repartee takes place between Senators on the way that the Senate decides. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Will the Senator from Ne floor. The motion is that the Senate return to legislati\e session. braska suspend for a moment? The Chair has tolerated ap It is not a debatable motion. plause in the galleries at the termination or speeches made in l\lr. IDTCHCOOK. I askfor the yea and nays. behalf of and against the league of nations, but the Chair wUl The yeas and nays were ordered. not tolerate signs of approval or disapproval with respect to 1\Ir. LODGE. I make the point of no quornm. interchanges between Senators upon a motion like this, and if The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator f · ·· · :' Tn Rsa it is repeated the galleries·will be cleared. chusetts suggests the absence of a Quorum. The f:.; ~· . • try '"ill :\Jr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, I think at this point I call the ron.. ought to say·a wortl on that subject. It is my opinion-- The S~cretary called the roll, and the following Senators an- · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. May the Chair· ask the Sena swered to their names : tor from Nebra~'l whether, in his opinion, the motion made by: B.randegee Harrison McKellar Smoot the Senator from Utah is debatable? Capper IDtchcoc.k McNary Spencer Cummins Johnson, S.Dak. New Sutherland ~lr. SMOOT. Of course it is not debatable. Curtis Jones, Wash. Newberry Swanson l\fr. SWANSO~ . .After 2 o'clock it is debatable. Fall Kellogg Norri Thomas The PRESIDENT pro tempoTe. The Chair is of the opinion, Fletcher Kendrick Nugent Trammell France Kenyon Page Wadsworth unless otherwise advi ed, that the motion made by the Senator Gay Keyes Phipps ·walsh, Mass. · from Utah is not a debatable·motion. Gerry Kirby Pittman Warren l\lr. LENROOT. l\Ir. President, it is after 2 o'clock. Hale Knox Pomerene William Harding Lenroot Reed Wolcott l\lr. SMOOT. But thi is simply a motion to return to legis- Harris Lodge Sheppard lative session. · The PRESIDEl-;"T pro tempore. The motion is a motion to l\lr. SHEPPARD. The Senator from North Carolina [1\ll~. return to legisln.tive e ion, and the Chair is of the opinion OVER:u..rn-] and the Senator from Arizona [Mr. AsHURsT] are that it is not debatable. detained on official business. l\Ir. IDTCHCOOK. 1\fr. Pre ident, permit me to say that a The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Forty-seven Senators have motion to proceed to the consideration of executive business is answered to their names. There is not a quorum pre ent. The not debatable, for obvious reasons ; but certainly a motion to Secretary will call the roll of absent Senators. proceed to the consideration of anything in legislative session The Secretary called the names of the absent Senators, and is always debatable. l\fr. McCuM.BER and Mr. Sn.n..roNs answered to their.. names when The PRESIDENT pro tempore. But this is not a motion to called. con ider any matter pending before the Senate. It is simply a Mr. OvEitllAN, Mr. BANK.HE.ill, l\lr. DILLINGHAM, l\Ir. WATso ~, motion to change the character or the session. l\1r. STERLING, 1\Ir. NELSON, and l\lr. PHELAN entered the Cllam Mr. SMOOT. I ha\e no objection to the Senator debating ber and answered to their names. the question. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Fifty-six Senators have Mr. HITCHCOCK. If the Senator will permit me, I do not answered to their names. There is a quorum present. ·desire to debate that question; but I ·have in my mind a thing Mr. SMOOT, I ask unanimous consent to withdraw my to say that I think ought to be said. motion that the Senate proceed with legislative business. In my opinion, many people who come to these galleries are The PRESIDEl.~T pro tempore. Without objection, the motion not aware of the rule against applause; and I think either the of the Senator from Utah is withdrawn. Chair or the Committee on Rules ought to cause to be printed l\Ir. LODGE. I move that when the Senate adjourns it be card warning those who enter the galleries that they violate to meet on Thursday at 1.45 o'clock p.m. the rule if they applaud. I think if that could be done daily it Mr.. HITCHCOCK. Is it the Senator's purpose to have the :would soon relieve the Senate of this occasional annoyance. It Senate at that time meet to participate in the joint session? iB done largely through ignorance. Mr. LODGE. That was my purpose. Mr~ SMOOT. I will say to the Senator that' that has been tried two or three times since I have been in the Senate of Mr. HITCHCOCK. Is it the purpose to proceed with any the United States. We mu t remember that the galleries are other business on that day? filled with people from all over the United States. Perhaps Mr. LODGE. It was not my purpose. I thought that as we half the people in the galleries have never been in the galleries would receive Gen. Pershing on that day. it would be a broken before, and if we undertook to do a thing like that we would day. and the Senate would not proceed with other bus~ess. have to have a notice in every seat in the galleries, and have it Mr. IDTCHOOOK. That is satisfactory to me. there every day the Senate is in session. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the Mr. HITCHCOCK. I disagree with the Senator. There motion of the Senator from Massachusetts that when the is a doorkeeper at every door. He sees every person who Senate adjourns it be to meet on Thursday at 1.45 o'clock in enters, and he can band him a card with that warning. I the afternoon. believe it would relie-ve the Senate from a great deal of an The motion was agreed to. noyance and the occupants of the galleries from a great many Mr. KIRBY. I mo\e that the Senate adjourn. mistakes. · The motion was not agreed to. 1919. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD--:-sENATE. 55-13 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will proceed! "THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, by : to read the treaty of peaee with Germany for action on the 1 "ML-. Georges CLEMENCEAU, Pr:e ident of the Council, Minis- amendments proposed by the Committee on For.eign Relations._! ter of War; The Secretary read as follows: · I "1\fr. 'St~phen PicHoN, Minister for Foreign Affairs; 11 Mr. Louis-Lucien KLOTZ, Minister of Finance; "TREATY OF PEACE WITH GERMANY. ~ " Mr. Andre TAID>IEU, CarnmissaTY General f.Qr Franco u THE UNITED STATES OF .AMERICA, THE BRITISH 1 American Military Affairs; El\fPIRE, FRANCE, ITALY and .JAPAN. ~ "Mr. Jules CAMBON, Ambassador of France; "These Powers being described in the .pr-esent Tr·eaty as the , "HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY~ by: Principal Allied and Associated Powers, . " Baron S. SONNINO, Deputy ; " BELGIUM, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, .CHINA, OUB~ ECUA "Marquis G. hrPERIALI, Senator, Ambassador of His Maj DOR, GREECE, GUATE.l\IALA, HAITI, THE HEDJAZ, BON- : esty the King of Ttaly .at London ; DURAS, LIBERIA, NICARAGUA, PANA~!A, PERU, POLAND, "Mr. S. CRESPI, Deputy; PORTUGAL, ROUMAl"\TTA, THE SERB-CROAT-SLOVENE "HIS l\lA.JESmY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN, by: STATE, SIAM, CZECHO-SLOVAKIA and URUGUAY, "Marquis S.-hloNZI, formerly President o:f the Council of "These Powers constituting with the ·Principal Powers men Ministers ; tioned above the Allied and Associated Powers, "Baron M.A:KINo, formerly Minister for Foreign Affairs, of the one part ; Member of the Diplomati-c Council-; "And GERMANY, " Viscount -CHINDA, Al:nbassador Extraordinary and Pleni of the other part ; potentiary of H. l\1. the Emperor of J apan at Lonrlon; " Bearing in mind that on the request of the Imperial Ger " 1\fr. K. MATsUI. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipo man Government an Armistice was granted on November '11, tentiary of H. M. the Emperor of Ja.pan rrt P-aris; 1918, to Germany by the _principal Allied and Associated Powers "1\Ir. H. !JurN, Ambassador Extraorrlinary and Plenipoten in order that a Treaty of Peace might be concluded with her, tiary of H. l\1. the Emperor .of Japan at Rome; and "HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIAN'S, by·: " The Allied and Associated Powers heing · equally desirou-s 11 Mr. Paul HYM:AN-s, Minister for Fereign Affairs, ·Minister that the war in whicb they were successfully involved directly of Sta.te; _ or indirectly and which originated in the dac!aration of war "Mr. Jules van den liEuvEL, Envoy Extrao1·dinary and by Austria-Hungary on .July 28, 191A, against Serbia, the dec Minister Plenipotentiary, Minister of State; la-ration of war by Germany against Russia on August 1., 1914, . " ::\Ir. Emile VANDERVEI..DE, ·Minister of Justice, 1\Iinister of and against France on .August 3, 1914, and in the invasion of State.; Belgium, should be replaced by a firm, just and durable Peace, "THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA, by: " For this purpose the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES rep "1\fr. Isma«?l 1\IoNTES, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister resented as follows : -Plenipotentiary of Bolivia; at Paris; "THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF " THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL, by: AMERICA, by: "Mr. Joao Pa-ndia CALOGE:&As, Deputy, foi·merly Minister of "The Honourable Woodrow Wuso~. PRESIDEN'r oF THE Finance; UNITED STATES, acting in his o.wn name and by his own "1\fr. Rnul FERNANDES, Deputy; proper authority ; "Mr. Rodrigo Octavio deL. 1\iENEZES, Professor of Interna "The Honourable Robert LANSING, Secretary of State; tional Law of Rio de Janeiro; "The Honourable Henry WHITE, former-ly Ambassador Ex "THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC, by: traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States "Mr. Lou Tseng-Tsiang, Minister for Foreign AffHirs; at Rome and Paris ; · "Mr. Chengting Thomas WANG, formedy: Minister of Agri " The Honourable Edward 1\I. HousE; culture and Commerce; "General Tasker H. BLISS, Military Repre entati~e of the "THE PRESIDENT ·OF THE CUBAN REPUBLIC, by : United States on the Supreme War Council; " .l\fr. Antonio Sanchez de BusTAMANTE. Dean of the Fac "HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM ulty of Law in the Univer.sity of Havana;.President of OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND OF THE Cuban Society of International Law; BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOl\TD THE SEAS, EMPEROR "THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR, by: OF INDIA, by : " Mr. Enrique DoRN Y DE ALsuA, Envoy lllirtrao-rrlinar-y -and "The Right Honourable Davld Lr.oYD GEORGE, M. r., Fh·st l\Iinister Plenipotentiary· of Ecuador at Paris; Lord of His Treasury and Prime Minister; " HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HELLENES, by: "The Right Honourable And1·ew BONAR LAW, 1\f, P., His " Mr. Eleftherios K. VENISELOS, President ef the Council of Lo11d Privy Seal ; Ministers; ''The Right Honou.rable Viscount MIL.~, G. C. B., G. C. "Mr. Nicolas PoLITis, l\ffnistei~ for- For-eign Affairs; 1\1. G:, His Secretary of State· for the Colonies; "THE PRESIDENT OF 'l'HE REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA, "The Right Honourable Arthur James BALFOUR, 0. M., by: M. P., His Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; "Mr. .Joaquin l\f:ENF>Ez, formerly M-inister of 'State for " The Right Honourable George Nicoll BAB~Es, M. P., Public Works and Public Instruction, Envoy Extraordi 1\Iini ter without portfolio; n-ary and M.i:ni~ter Plenipotentiary of Guatemala at ".And Washington, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni potentiary on special mission at Paris; ''for the DOMINION of CAl~ADA, by: "The Honourable Charles .Joseph DoHERTY, Minister of "THE :PRESIDENT OF 'THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI, 'by: .Justice; "1\lr. Tertullien GUILBL\.UD, Envoy Extraordinaty and Min ister Plenipotentiary of Haiti :at P'a:ris; "The Honourable Arthur Lewis SIFTO~, Mini ter of Cus toms; "HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ, by: " Mr. Rustem HAlnAB; ""for the C01\Il\10NWEALT.H of AUSTRALIA, by: " Mr. Abdul Hadi AoUNI; '' The Right Honourable William lllorris HUGHES, Attorney "THE PRESI-DENT OF THE REPUBLIC ·OF HONDURA~S, General and Prime Minister ; by: "The Right ·Honourable Sir .Joseph CooK, G. C. 1\f. G., "Dr. Policarpo BONILLA, on -special mission '\Vashington, 1\finister for the Navy ; to fo1·met:Iy President of the Republic ef Hondura-s, Envoy "for the UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA, by : Extraordinary -and Minister Plenipotentiary; " General the Right Honourable Louis BoTHA, Minister of " THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, by : Native Affairs and Prime Minister; " The Honourable Charles Dunbar Burgess KING, Secreta-ry ""Lieutenant-General t11e Right Honourable .Jan Ohristiaan of State; . lfUTS, K. C., Minister of Defence· "THE PRESIDENT 'OF THE REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA., 41 for the DOl\llNION of NEW ZEALAND, by: by: ' "The Right Honourable William .Ferguson llissEY, l\linis ' 1\Ir. Sal·vado1· CHA:MORRO, President of the Chamber of ter of Labour and Prime Minister ; Deputies; " for INDIA, by: ''THE PRESIDENT ·OF THE REPUBLIC OF P.ANA.l\!A, by: " The Right Honourable Edwin Samuel :Mo~TAGU, M. P., "Mr. Antonio BURGos, Envoy Extraordinary and 1\!inister His Sec~eta.ry of State for India; Plenipotentiary of Panama at Madrid ; " Major-General His Highness Maharaja Sir Ganga Singh , " THE PRESIDENT OF T-HE REPUBLIC OF PER-U, ·by : Bahadur, Maharaja of BIK.A.l~ER, G. ·C. S. I., G. C. I. E., "Mr. Carlos G. CA.NDA-"Mo, Envoy Extraordinary and Min G. C. V. 0., K. C. B., A. D. C.; ister Plenipotenti'ary of Peru at Paris; ·5514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD._SENATE~ SEP'IE?I IDER 16, " THE PRESIDE ,.T OF THE POLISH REPUBLIC, by: "Article ~- •· ~U1· . Ignace J. P ADEREWSKI, President of tlie Council of "The action of the League under this Covennnt :::hnll be ~linister s , Minister for Foreign Affairs ; effected · through the instrumentality of an Assembly a uti of a •· 1\Ir. Homan D:Mows:Kr, President ·of the Polish National Council with a permanent Secretariat. Committee ; "Article S. " TBE PRESIDE ~ T OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC• .by: " Dl'. .Affon. ·o A.ugusto DA CosTA, formerly President of the "The Assembly shall consist of Representatives of the Mem 'ouncil of :Ministers; bers of the League. " D1·. Augu to Luiz Vieira SoARES, formerly Minister for "The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals and from Ume to Forei o-n Affairs ; · time as occasion may require at the Seat of the League or at " HI :\L\.JESTY THE KING OF ROUMAl~IA, by: such other place as may be decided upon. "Mr. Ion I. C. BRATIANO, President of the Council of Min "The Assembly may deal at its meetings with any matter isters, ::Uini ter for Foreign Affairs; within the sphere of action of the League or affecting the peace "General Constantin CoANDA, Corps Commander. A. D. C. of the world. · to the King, formerly President of the Council of "At meetings of the Assembly each Member of the League shall :\1inisters ; have one vote, and may have not more than three Uepreseuta " HI~ MAJES'IY 'rHE KING OF THE SERBS, THE CROA'l'S, tives." AND THE SLOVENES, by: The first amendment of the Committee on Foreign Relations ' ::\Ir. Nicolas P. PACHITCH, formerly President of the Coun was, on page 19, to insert the following proviso at the end of cil of Ministers; article 3: " ~lr. Ante TRU::\IBIC, Minister for Foreign Affairs ; (1) : P-rovided, That when any member of the league has or pos " rr. Milenko VESNITCH, 'Envoy Extraordinary and Minister sesses self-governing dominions or colonies or 11arts of empire, which M. are also members of the league, the United States shall have votes in the Plenipotentiary of H. the King of the Serbs, the assembly or council of the league numerically equal to the aggregate Croats and the Slovenes at Paris; vote of such member of the league and its self-governing dominions " HI ~IAJESTY THE KING OF SIAM, by : and colonies and parts of empire in the council or assembly of the "His Highness Prince CHAROON, Envoy Extraordinary and league. 1\linister Plenipotentiary of II. M. the King of Siam at 1\fr. LODGE. I ask that the amem1ment be pas:o;ed oYer. Paris; 'The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection- - " His Serene llighne · Prince Traidos PRABAKDHU, Under 1\fr. HITCHCOCK. Will the Senator explain hi.· understand Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs; ing of what the status of the amendment will be? Wllen will it " THB PUESIDEXT F THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC, then be the subject of consideration in case unanimous consent by: is given? " Mr. Karel KuA~il , Pre iclent of tlle Council of Ministers; Mr. LODGE. The usual pructkc in connection with all bills " ::U:r. Eduard BE~Es, Minister for Foreign Affair ; is that when an amendment is pas-e<.l over it may be called up ·• TI I•J PHESIDEN'l' OF THE REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY, by : at any time. ' )fr. Juan Antonio Bu EBo, 1\Iini. ter for Foreign Affairs, for Mr. HITCHCOCK. It may be ca lled up by "hom at any merly Minister Qf Indu tt·y; time? '' <.:1-.H~fANY, by: Mr. LODGE. By the Senator in char~c of the bill. That is "1\fi'. Hermann ::\lfu.LEn, l\lini ter for Foreign Affnirs of the the practice. Empire; Mr. HITCHCOCK. Can an understanding be had that it will " Dr. BELL, 1\fini;'ter of the Empire; be called up within any definite time? "Acting in th nam E:> of the German Empire auu of each aml Mr. LODGE. No; I ·hall make no understanding about when e Y e r;~~ component • tate, I shall call it U}). There are Senators away who desire to be " \VHO havino- ommunicated their full po·wers found in good heanl on the amendment an<.l who have ·asked to b<~ heard on nt1tl due form have A.GUEED AS FOLLOWS: it. I assured them that it would be passed over. and it can be ·• From the coming into force of the present Treaty the state of passed over. ,,·at· will terminate. From that moment and subject to the pro · Mr. HITCHCOCK. Will the Senntor give any assurance that Yi ions of this Treaty official relations with Germany, an<.l with it will be subject to consideration some time next week? any of the German ~tates, will be resumed by the .Allied and 1\lr. LODGE. I suppose it will be, but I can not give any . \.. . ochtted Power ·. assurances or promises of any kin<.l . "PAnT I. 1\lr. HI'£CHCOCK. I notice that the Senator is very reticent "TilE COYE XA "T OF THE LEAGGE Ob' NATIONS on that point. "TnE Hrorr CoNTRACT! G PARTIES, '1\lr. LODGE. No; I shall make no as urances or 11romiRes "In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve of any kind, and there is no use in the Senator trying to cro s international peace and security question or to draw me into anything of that sort. "by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, l\1r. HITCHCOCK. Is· the Senator ready to vote on this •· by the pre cription of open, just and honourable relations amendment? 1\lr. LODGE. Now? between nations, 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. Yes. " by the firm establishment of the under tandings of inter Mr. LODGE. I am not; the Senate is not. national law as the actual rule of conduct among Gov Mr. HITCHCOCK. Of course, 1\fr. Prcsiuent, I havE' no ob ernments, and jection to any reasonable delay, but it ~e ems to me that in "by the maintenance o.f justice and a scrupulous respect fot· fairness the Senator ought to be able to give the Senate some all treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples assurance as to when, if the amendment is passe<.l oYer by unani with one another. mous con ent at the present time, he would be dispose(l to cal1 :~Agree to this Covenant of the League of Nations. it up for consideration. I am not asking for a definite day. "At·ticZe 1. l\lr. LODGE. I have not the slightest idea of interp(lsing any "The original Member · of the League of Nations shall be artificial delay of any kind to the consideration of this treaty. those of the Signatories which ru·e named in the Annex: to this I am as much against such a course as the Senator from Ne Covenant and al o such of those other States named in the An- braska. But let me assw.·e the Senator that he will not advance ne:x: as shall accede w-ithout reservation to this Covenant. Such the treaty by undertaking to harry me all the time about it. acce sion shall be effected by a Declaration deposited with the 1\lr. HITCHCOCK. I have no disposition to harry the ~enator, Secretariat within two months of the coming into force of the but he is asking for unanimou consent at tlle present time, and I Covenant. Notice thereof shall be sent to all other Members of :un seeking some assurance-- the League. l\1r. LODGE. If the Senator is going to resist unanimous con- "Any fully self-goYerning State, Dominion. or Colony not named sent he will force me into measure·s to prevent the consideration in the Annex: may become a Member of the League if its admis- of the amendment at this time. He willuot advan<:e th treaty. ion is agreed to by two-thirds of the Assembly, provided that A request to pass over an amendment is neYer rnfu ed; it nevet· it shall give effectiYc guarantees of its sincere intention to ob- has been refused in my experience in the Senate. serve its international obligations, and shall accept such regula- Mr. HITCHCOCK. The Senator will realize that I am mak- tions as may be pre cribed by the League in regard to its mili- ing a very reasonable suggestion. tary, naval and air forces and armaments. 1\Ir. LODGE. I know exactly what the Senator is "Mr. LODGE. I am going to do all I can to promote the {!On- 1\Ir. IDTCHCOCK. The Senator from )Jassachu etts then ·itleration of the treatr. I urn as mucll against any artificial de- states that if this amendment be temporarils passed over at the Jay of nny sort as tlle ·~cnator can possibly be, but I am going to present time it will l.Je subject at any time to be called up upon have due con. idera.tiou by Senators who wish to debate the the motion of any Senator? treaty. I haye been a. ked to-day by two Senators on the Sena- 1\Ir. LODGE. There is no doubt of that whatever. It i th~ tor's 0\\"11 ;;:ide of the Cll.a.mber if I could give them assurance rule. that th r ,yo.u:ltl b no vote before ::uonday, as they. wished to go The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the re a way, one on account of a friend who is ill and the other b~au~e quest of the Senator from l\Iassachusett that the amendment it wa . nece._sary for him to return to his own State. There IS proposed by the committee at this !)Oint be pas ed over? another Senatot· away on account of the illness of his wife. I Mr. LODGE. Temporarily passed over. tol