TAYLOR BOROUGH LANDFILL SITE FINAL CLOSURE PLAN TAYLOR BOROUGH. LACKAWNNA COUNTY PENNSYLVANIA

Prepared for: TAYLOR BOROUG COHHITTEP HPR E

Prepared By: FRE HAR. DC T ASSOCIATES, INC. PENN CENTER NEST III, SUIT6 E10 PITTSBURGH, PA 15276 412-787-7144

PROJECT NUMBER H048 JUNE. 1986

000001 • TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

1 0 INTRODUCTIO1. N 2.0 BACKGROUND 3 3 2.1 Site Location 2.2 General Description and History 3 5 3 . 2. Surrounding Features 2.4 regional Geologic Features 7 2 1 0 SIT3. E INVESTIGATIONS 3.1 Previous Investigations • 12 5 1 2 3. HART Investigation 3.3 Remediation Requirements 16 4.0 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS 19 4.1 Topography 19 4.2 Soils 20 4.3 Geology 20 3 2 4 4. Ground Mater 4.5 Surface Mater 24 5 2 6 4. Contamination 5 2 4.6.1 Soils 4.6.2 Surface Hater 27 8 2 4.6.3 Sediments 9 2 0 SIT5. E REMEDIATION PLAN 5,1 Hazardous Site Remediation Activities 29 5,2 Non-hazardous Site Remediation Activities 30 5,3 Implementation Schedule 31 1 3 4 5, Maintenance 3 3 0 HEALT 6. D SAFETAN H Y REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Worker Health and Safety 33 7 3 2 6. Resident Healt Safetd han y 6.3 Emergency Response Plan • 38

000002 HAZARDOU0 7, S SITE 9 REMEDIATIO3 _ N ACTIVITIES i 0 4 1 7. Background Contamination 7.2 Sampling and Testing 42 7.3 Temporary Erosion Control 45 I 7.4 Clearing and Grubbing 46 7.5 Excavation Operations 46 i 7.6 Transport of Contaminated Soils 50 7.7 Water Treatment 53 3 5 8 7. General Fill Placement 8.0 NON-HAZARDOUS SITE REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES 55 8.1 Temporary Erosion Control 55 8.2 Clearing and Grubbing 56 6 5 3 8. General Fill Placement 7 5 4 8. Cla p PlacemenCa y t ; 9.0 EROSION CONTROL AND SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT 59 9.1 Hydrology 59 9.2 Channels/Diversions 60 1 6 3 9. Culvert ..:) 9,4 Topsoll Placement 61 2 6 5 9. Seedbed Preparation 1 9.6 Seeding and Mulching 63 7 5 9. Acces6 s Road Reconstruction 10.0 POST CLOSURE ACTIVITIES 66 10,1 Long Term Maintenance 66 10.7 6 2 Water Quality Monitoring

REFERENCES • 69

APPENDI TAYLO- XA R BOROUGH SITE CHRONOLOGY APPENDI LEVEL- B X CONTAMINATIOSOF N APPENDI TYPICA- C X L SITE SAFETY PLAN OUTLINE APPENDIX D - HAZARDOUS WASTE REGULATIONS FOR HAULERS APPENDIX E - CALCULATION BRIEF APPENDIX F - COST ESTIMATES vQoooa TABLES

PAGE NO.

TABLE 1 Suggested Herbaceous Species for Erosion Control 64

FIGURES

PAGE NO.

4 FIGUR 1 ESit e Location Plan FIGURE 2 Property Hap 6 FIGUR9 3 EGeneralize d Cross Section FIGURE 4 Generalized Cross Section - Lackawanna Valley 10 -•;» FIGURES Regional Generalized Strat1graph11 1 c Column FIGURE 6 Surface Drum Storage Areas 14 FIGURE 7 Site - Specific Stratlgraphlc Column 22 FIGUR 8 EPropose d Background Contamination Sampling Locations 41 FIGUR 9 ETypica l Liner Overla1 5 Stagin- p g Area

111 .00004 SUMMAR REVISIONF YO S Revision 1 • September, 1986

57 Added text regarding the use of water as a dust control agent,

68 Removed text regarding grouting of wells; added text regarding securing of non-monitored wells,

J 000005 1 1.0 INTROPUCTION

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has designated the Taylor Borough Landfill near Scranton, Pennsylvania a National Priority List (NPL) site, under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund. Being designated a NPL site require n Investigatio a a subsequens d an r tfo n remediatio f potentiao n l chemical contamination that may be present on site. Through Its prime contractoS CorporationNU e th r Zon fo r, Regioe I e ,th I officII n d stafan e f fo the USEPA has Investigated the site and has developed a remediation plan which It Is prepared to Implement. This remedial alternative 1s detailed In the Record-of-Decisio ne site th (ROD . r )fo Remediatio n currently proposeA EP y b d would Involve excavation and removal of drums, drum fragments and waste, applying e sitecoveth s o ventingga t mucf ,ro h , o largfillintw ef o g depressions, cleanout of two ponds, backfilling and revegetatlon. Post-closure care would Include ground water and surface water monitoring and topsolllng/revegetatlon.

As part of the Superfund Investigation, the USEPA has Identified several companies, know s a "Potentian l Responsible Parties" e liablb tha r y fo tma e action d cleanuan s pe sitecostth t .a s These parties have come togethe o fort r m the Taylor Borough Site PRP Steering Committee, with the Intent of implementing a privately sponsored cleanup action at the site. Fred C. Hart Associates, Inc. (HART) has been contracted by the Committee to prepare a design for the final e siteclosurth accordancn 1 ,f o e e wite requirementth h e ROD t fortth ,se sn 1 h for Implementation by the Committee during the 1986 construction season.

This report summarize desige s th d recommendationnan Site th eHARf o r s Tfo Closure Plan as presented to the Committee. This closure plan provides the desired level of environmental protection as detailed In the ROD and described above. In general, the work proposed in the plan Involves the limited excavation of contaminated materials, testing of select areas for elevated levels of contaminatio a prelud s o a excavationnt e , constructio a soi lf o n cover over severa e implementatioth le siteth d areaan ,f o s f n soin l erosiod an n sedimentation control measures. These iteme detailear s d throughout this report. 1 ,•00006 e reporTh t begins witv . e background a reviehth f o w , history d previouan , s ' Investigations performed at the site, Next, the existing conditions at the site along with a discussion of the Remediation Plan to correct Identified environmental (chemical) problems and dangers are discussed. Finally, the Health and, Safety requirements and specific Implementation details of the plan are presented.

,•00007 0 BACKGROUN2. D . INFORMATIO\ N

t 2,1 Site Location

The Taylor Borough Landfill L'lte 1s located on Snake Road In Taylor Borough, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, approximately three miles Citye f th souto Scranton f o h . Figur 1 eshow e locatioe sth th f o n site and other features 1n the vicinity. Situated at the base of Bald Mountain, the site lies Immediately southeast of the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, also known as Pennsylvania Stat eSnakd Routan e, e9 Road , 1600 feet northwes Keysef o t r Avenue, and 7000 feet west of the West Scranton High School. In reference to the U.S.G.S, Scranton A quadranglP , e topographi p (7.ma 5c minute series), the site Is located at 41° 43' 02" North Latitude and 73° 42' 02" West Longitude.

2 Genera2. l Descriptio Histord an n y

e tracTh f o lant d upon whice sit locateth s 1 he s primarildwa y unreclaimed open pitd surfacan s e mine spoil piles left followine th g strip mining operations that typically occurred throughou regione th t . Often, portions of these pits, such as the site, were later used as landfills. The Taylor Borough Landfill consists of 125 acres of land oriented along a northeast-southwest axis, approximately 4,500 feet by 1,200 feet In size. Elevations across the site range from 900 to 1000 feet (Mean Sea Level Datum).

e aforementioneTh d mining activities encompasse a vasd t area alone th g bas f eo Bal d Mountain, extendin r beyonfa g e sitth d e limits. Nine coal seams of mineable quantity and quality underlie the Community of Taylo re CitBoroug th f o d yScranton an h . Fivf theso e e seamse th , Four-Foot Coal, Diamond Coal, Rock Coal, Big Coal, and New County Coal, outcroppe e sitd werth an een o dextensivel y strip mine d lefan d t unreclaimed, Coal seams throughou e areth ta were also mined

00008 PPROXIMATE LIMITS AYLOR BOROUGH

SITE LOCATION PLAN SSSroTN, PA, TAYLOR BOROUGH LANDFILL SITE N4I225-W7S37 5/7 9 TAYLOR BOROUGH ||<7 LACKAWANNA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PHOTOREVISEO IMB AND n?» KW«|ERIEI M M I IAM Vtll .„. using the room and pillar technique, often having secondary and tertiary ramoval of the coal. All nine coal seams In the Immediate II vicinity of the site have extensive mine workings.

Mining 1n the region occurred over an undetermined but extended period f time,o witdefinitivo n h e ending date. Durin 1960'se th g Cite ,th y of Scranton used the open pits as a sanitary landfill, effectively reclaiming the site and grading It to an approximate 5% grade, sloping northwest to southeast. Mine spoil material was used as cover.

During or following the landfill operations, drums of materials were allegedly placed on the surface of the site by several local companies. These drums were subsequently removed by the USEPA during a remedial cleanup. In October of 1985, following a brush fire at the site. Subsequently, residual contamination remains In the soil structure at localized locations around the site. A detailed chronolog e sitth e f activitieso y r presentatio fo s prepare a ,S NU y b d n 1n the Remedial Investigation Report, Is presented for review as ' Appendi thif o sxA report.

The land upon which the landfill exists 1s owned by three parties, as Identified by the Pheonlx Safety Associates, Inc., a subcontractor retained by the USEPA to prepare the Remedial Action Master Plan site e properte (RAMPth Th .r fo ) y linerecorded an s d e ownerth r sfo properties In the Immediate vicinity of the site are shown on Figure e PennsylvaniTh . 2 a Powe d Lighran t Compana right-of-wa s ha y y along e northeasterth ne site limith .f o t

2,3 Surrounding Features

Surroundin e southwest th e siteth g o t , , southeast d northeasan , e ar t residential areas of Taylor Borough and the City of Scranton. Keyser Avenue, a main thoroughfare through Taylor Borough, lies approximately 1600 feet southeas e siteth f ,o tparallelin e lonth gge th sid f o e landfill. Along the southern corner and edge of the property lies a J residential area, comprised of over 100 homes, wedged between Keyser 5 ,30010

. -, \< e neares th e site th t AvenuA t.d an pointe , several homes along Rlnaldl Stree n thiI t s developmen e approximatelar t 0 fee60 yt from Identified areas of concern on the landfill. Vehicular site access cae achieveb n d from Prince Street.

A county maintenance building and HcDade Park lie to the northeast of e siteth , within 100 e 0propert th fee f o t y a balline d l an , field an d recreational area have been proposed for a tract of land owned by laylor Borough adjacent to the landfill on the southeast. In addition, there are also various recreational, commercial, and religious properties along Keyse re vicinit Avenue th siteth n .I f eo y Within one mile of the site .there are approximately 265 residential dwellings wit a populatioh f approximatelo n y 1,000 people,

To the northwest of the site lies the northeast extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpik d Snakan e e Road. These roadways define eth property limits of the landfill; vehicular site access can also be obtained from Snake Road. Beyond these roadways lies Bald Mountaina , major hunting and recreational area.

Several bodies of surface water are associated with or located near the site. Saint John's Creek flows through the site, having been relocated during the mining operations so as to now bisect the site from northwes o southeastt t . Lucky Run, another small tributarf yo Keyser Creek, flows southeastward approximately 1400 feet northeasf o t the siten sitO .e there approximatelar e x pondsi y s that collect surface water runof a seasona n fo l basi varioun I s s sized depressions, Neighboring properties contain several well maintained pondr fo s landscaping and beautlflcatlon purposes.

4 Regiona2, l Geologic Features

The site 1s located In the Lackawanna Valley, a syncllne formed by folds In the Valley and Ridge province of central and eastern Pennsylvania, part of the Appalachian Mountain Range. Surface deposits 1n the valley are primarily of glacial origin, consisting of 7 u30012 silts, sands, and gravels. The bedrock underlying the valley 1s of the Llewellyn, Pottsvllle, Hauch Chunk, Pocono, and Catsklll formations, composed primarily of sandstones, shales, and conglomerate. The resistant sandstones of the Pocono Formation form the slopes of the valley. Figure 3 presents a generalized cross sitee sectiopresen5 d figureth d ,an r an fo generalizena t 4 s d cross e Lackawannsectioth r fo n a Vallegeneraa d an y l stratlgraphlc column for the'region, respectively,

The Llewellyn formation contains many coal seams, part of the coal field known as the Northern Anthracite Field. Historically, the formation has been heavily mined for anthracite coal. Consequently, the valley Is laced with a network of underground mine workings which have caused significant rock fracturing and subsidence.

,-30013 10 UJ It 3 (9

y

10014 u oc D (9 iZ

^00015 DESCRIPTION ——————

GUACIAL SUITOAI. DEPOSITS' SILTS, SANOS.ffl.AVEL

8RAY SANDSTONES,SHAL£S,COALS OCCASIONAL CONGLOMERATE

SMALL PEBBLE CONGLOMERATE, SANDSTONE « WLTSTONE WITH CARBONACEOUS SHALE 8 COAL BEDS WHITE QUARTZ PEBBLE COHGtO- MERATE CALCAREOUD RE S SHALE

ORAY SANDSTONE « COKSLOMERATC

RED a GRAY SHALE a SANDSTONE, SOME CONGLOMERATE

LEGEND SOURCES' KEHN.GLIC CULBERTSOHa K , 1968., Liiil CONGLOMERATE HOUOWELa LKOE8TE8a , ,975

SHALE , CLAY COAL

REGIONAL GENERALIZED STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN. FIGURES TAYLOR BOROUGH SITE. TAYLOR BOROUGHA .P NOTTOSCALE o30016 0 SIT3. E INVESTIGATION N - S

1 3. Previous Investigationi s

The Taylor Borough landfill site has been under Investigation by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources (PADER) and the USEPA since 1981 n fivO . e different occasions between 198 1983d 1an , the site air, soil/sediments, surface waters, ground water, and/or drums were sampled and subsequent reports issued. These ! Investigations, In conjunction with a brushflre within the landfill , limits that Ignited a few drums, led to the performance of a Immediate Removal Measure (IRM) by the USEPA in October, 1983, which removed 1200 drums fro surface sitee mth th ,f eo

In the spring of 1984, NUS began the Remedial Investigation (RI) of the site, the sixth Investigation to date, This Investigation was performed to assess the site conditions and contamination remaining following the IRM performed on the drums, As stated In their RI •' report of Hay, 1985, NUS:

i Collected surface soil, surface water, sedimen ground an t d water samples to characterize the site and determine the nature and extent of the problem.

t Performed geophysical surveys (magnetomete d electro-magnetian r c profiles) to Identify burled ferromagnetic materials and delineate the approximate limits of the strip mine pits filled with landfllled materials.

• Drilled 9 exploratory borings and Installed 25 monitoring wells to determine site specific geology and provide a means of collecting ground water sample r analysisfo s .

t Excavated test pits in areas Identified by the geophysical survey and visual Inspection to determine 1f drums were burled on site. J 12 ,-00017 i date Reduce th o understan t al al d e sitth de condition d currenan s t contamination.

i Develope a risd k assessmen currene th f o tt site conditions. a resul s A f o tthes e Investigative action d historicaan s l Information about site activities Drux si ,m Storage Areas where Identifies a d potential contamination sources (See Figure 6). Based on the historica d collectean l d background Information S e dreNU th ,w following general conclusions:

i Severely fractured rock 1s present beneath the site, The rock formatio s naturallha n y occurring fractures; however a resul s a , t of the extensive underground coal mining (9 seams), the fracturing Is more extensive than expected.

i Limited ground water flow enter e Diamonsth Rocd an dk Coal strip mine pit that was used 1n the landfill operation and where drums were surfacee founth n do .

t Ground water recharge of the rock zones associated with the landfill operation Is the result of precipitation that falls directl e sit percolated th e an n yo s throug overburdee hth n Inte th o rock. Recharge areas located upslop e sitth ef e o cannot Influence groune th d subjece wateth n r1 t rock zones becaus e strieth p mining has disturbed surface drainage patterns and the outcrop of the rock strata does not extend beyond the site limit.

i Ground water flow Is controlled by fractures, joints, abandoned underground mine workings, and other mining related openings (for example, boreholes, shaft d strian s p pits).

A continuou t s ground wate t presenr no leve s I t lacros e siteth s . Perched (localized pocket f watero s ) water table presene ar sd an t have developed froe extensivth m e rehandlln e soith l f o materialg s and rock during the mining and landfill operations. 13 torn '_ i Surface soils analysis Indicated the presence of heavy metals In Drum Storage Areas 3 and 6, and limited volatile organlcs and PCBs I In Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2. i Surface water analysij s Indicate e presencsth limitef eo d volatile organlc d PCBsan s . These contaminant e primarilar s . 1 Ponn . I y No d

« Sediment analyses Indicate e presencth d f volatilo e e organlcd an s PCBs primaril. 1 Ponn . I y dNo

i The deep ground water analyses Indicated the presence of ! base/neutral extractable organlcs and PCBs 1n a well that monitors the ground water that collects leachate from the landfill pit. I i ' e Th shallo t w ground water analyses Indicate o significann d t i Impact by surface contamination, either past or present.

i The area between Drum Storage Areas 3 and 6 still has drums that ,') are on the surface and/or are partially burled. Waste spillages also exist.

i Areas adjacent to Pond Nos. 1 and 2 have drums protruding from the slopes.

3.2 HART Investigation

As part of the predeslgn process, HART performed a limited exploration of the area around Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2, to determine visually 'the surface and near surface soil conditions. Ten Investigation pits were excavate o evaluatt d e limitth e d typean s f refuso s e placement, depth of refuse, locations and depth of the perched water table and leachate potential. Durin e fielth g d work A meteOV , r readings were noted, but neither soil nor water sampling was performed.

15 OVA readings Indicated the presence of volatile organic contamination, with readings as high as 100 parts per million (ppm) noted. The elevated reading d theian s r locations were:

(JART EXPLORATORY HIGHEST READING PIT_____ ppny NEARBY NUS TEST PIT

5A ' 100 13 2 1 O S 6 8 20 15 10 20 16

e closTh e correlation betwee e HAR th S findingnT NU reading e th sd ;an Indicate that the volatile organic contamination 1s confined to a very limite e slopeth d f Druf o areso map Storagto alon e th g ed Areaan 1 s 2. Drawing H048-E3 presents the locations of the HART excavations relative to the NUS test pits.

;) HART determined tha aree tth a describe Drus a d m Storag2 e d Areaan 1 s 1s comprised of materials placed against the original landfllled refuse slopes. This debris 1s composed of drum remnants, mine spoil, municipal trash and other Items which distinguish 1t from the sanitary operations. This debris range n thicknesI s s from approximatel feey8 t alon outee th g r (southeastern) slopes gradino t g approximately 1 foot or less within the first 100" north and northwer. f thio s slope.

Perched water tables and leachate zones where not apparent In the excavations.

3.3 Remediation Requirements

The Record of Decision (ROD) prepared by the USEPA, which outlines the remediation requirements, 1s based upon the Information provided by NUS 1n their Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) j Reports. NUS has Identified, and the USEPA has confirmed, the primary 16 '00021 public health concerns at the Taylor Borough Landfill site are the:

t i Potential contact (dermal) with the contaminated debris remaining onslte.

i Potential contact (dermal) with the contamination 1n the soil structure.

• Inhalation of vaporous odors emitting from the site.

requireD RO e sTh thacontaminatioe tth n foun Drun I d m Storage Areas3 aree th a d betweean an, 6 d n Drum Storag e b remediate , 6 e d Areaan d3 s with a soil cover to prevent dermal contact with the soil and remaining contaminatio n I thesn e areas. Similarly a ,soi l coved ran vent syste requires I m o prevent d t contact wite unsafth h e conditions existing In and around Drum Storage Area 4.

Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2 and Ponds 1 and 2 require a more extensive •) remediation program. The ROD requires that the volatile and solvent vapor d odoran s s emitting e frodruth m m ponde th areae sd b an s remediated by removing that material showing elevated levels of these contaminant backgroune th o st d level r thesfo s e chemicals USEPe Th .A has estimated, for Internal costing purposes only, that the volume of removed material required to conform to the ROD 1s approximately 5,000 cubic yards e exacTh . t volume wile b determinel n onslta a vi de samplin d screeninan g g programe actuath d l ,an quantitie s excavated will be monitored and modified at the time of construction based on a field samplin d testinan g g program.

wits A othee hth r areas ,a soi e constructelb coveo t s I r d following the excavation woro prevent k t dermal contact wit e remaininhth g non-volatile contamination. The water In Ponds 1 and 2 Is to be treate properld dan y aree disposeth a regraded an d s sloped a an do s d to prevent future ponding. Proper erosion control techniques and sjjte access e restrjctlonb Incorporate o t e ar sd Inte finath o l closure i plan. ,00022 17 -. Passive gas venting systems are also required, 1f landfill conditions warrant, Based upon a review of the landfill conditions and an evaluatio e Finath lf o n Closure Plan design presented herein, HARs ha T concluded that a passive gas venting system Is not warranted for the site. Historically, the landfill Is beyond Its peak generation or half-life phase. Depending e upolandfilth n l design, methans I e | normally generated for a long period, but peaks within the first ten 1 years, beyond this period, generation rates continue to decrease until e volumth s I negligiblee e TayloTh . r Borough Landfil s beeha nl I Inactiv r approximatelfo e 8 years1 y , since filling ende n 1968i d d an , thus the methane potential Is declining. By HART's estimates, 957. of s thae landfilga th t e n producth ca l be«s ha en generate o datt d e (see Appendix E • Calculation Brief). Methane has not been detected 1n the air samplin t noticeablg no performe s I e site th d ,an et da durin g site reconnaissance.

In addition e coveth , r placement over less tha e 0 acre2 nth f so landfill will have little effect upon the methane generation or release ovee 100th r + acre landfill. Significantly more methane will e produceb e uncoveredth n I d , unclosed portion e sitth e f o thas n will be produced around the covered areas.

Finally, the design of the closure covers will Inhibit the collection of methane under the covers. Due to the geometry of the proposed fill, the methane will tend to migrate around and away from the covers over Drue coveTh m . Storag6 r d ovean er , Area4 Dru , m3 s Storage Area1 s t directle landfillno th s I n an o t cover2 yd bu , s materials abutting the refuse. Thus, any methane generated 1n this area will not collect unde e coverth r wilt bu ,l escape throug e adjoininth h g refuse.

18 0 FASTIN4. G S|TE CONDITIONS

/ Site conditions at the time of the HART reconnaissance during October 1985 was observed to be similar to those described In the RI report. Minor changes 1n vegetation and pond sizes were noted, but this was primarily due to the change of seasons. Access to the site remains unrestricted from all directions and sources. The vehicular entrances are closed by chain-link fence gates; however, thes e b easil gate n yca s circumvente severaa vi d l routes through adjacent properties.

Low lying vegetation covers the site, which Is comprised primarily of grasses and small brush. Woody vegetation is limited to the outer limits of the site near existing established stand f treesso . Several areas appear unablo t e support good vegetatio e ncoa th growthlo t min e e,du spoi e trasd th an ln hi vicinity,

4.1 Topography

The area of the site North and East of St. John's Creek has been regraded followin e landfilth g g operationslIn . This area slopes generally northwes o t southeastt , away from Snake Roadt a , an approximately five (5) percent slope. Two large depressions, comprising Drum Storage Areas 3 and 6, are present along the southeastern side of this area. These depressions are recessed approximately 20 feet below the surrounding grade, with average side slopes ranging from nin) percen(9 e o thirtt y (30) percent,

Drum Storag e locate ar a smal 2 en o Aread l an platea 1 s u overlooking Ponds 1 and 2. This area, along the southeastern limit of the landfill nea . John'rSt s Creek s approximatelI , n (10te y) feet above the surrounding native areas. The side slopes along this plateau, commonl "hlghwalls• e th ye sit th s referren a I muce f "o ho t d literature, have a maximum slope of 2 horizontal to 1 vertical (50 percent grade). An elavated access road leads from this area

„ .'30024 southwest towards Prince Street o formeTw . r coal refuse stockpiles are present1 Immediately west of Drum Storage Area 2, extending 20 feet above grade.

Drum Storage Area 4 Is located southwest of Drum Storage Areas 1 and . John'St d san Creek2 e topographTh . n thio e ysits s th 1 side f o e very Irregular, with many water filled depression steed an sp slopes breaking up the level reaches. Drum Storage Area 4 Is located on the downslop waste th ef eo pile , wher e slop th approximatels e1 e 0 fee4 y t horizonta2 a hig n o vertica1 h o t l l grade, facing southeast,

2 Soil4. s

Over 75 percent of 'the onslte soils are comprised of coal mine spoil materials and landfill municipal refuse overlying the bedrock. This fill ranges 1n composition and gradation throughout the site, and has been found to be up to 100 feet thick in selected locations of the former strip mine pits.

The native soils onslte, and nearby offslte, consist of a brown, medium dense sllty san o sant d gravean d l overlyin densa g o vert e y dense glacial till e commoareath o .t n Till thicknesses range fro7 1 m overlaie tfeet2 th o3 d ,an n soils rang feet7 1 e froo .t m7

Dru e locatemar Storag6 n d portiono d an site e3 th e , Areaf 2 so , 1 s underlai y b minn e spoil, landfllled refuse r o othe, r non-native materials. Drum Storag e underlai ed Ponar Are an 1 d a 4 alimite y b n d amount mine spoi d nativan l e soils,

3 Geolog4. y

The rock underlying the site 1s of sedimentary origin, comprised of alternating gray sandstone d gra o an blact ys k shales with associated coal seams, Bedding ranges from massive to cross-bedded, and fracturing 1s prevalent In the bedrock structure due to underground mining activities. The dip of the rock strata Immediately beneath the

20 ,30025 site Is 9° to 18° southeast, with the strike approximately south 41° west. Figure 7 presents the site-specific stratlgraphlc column for the Llewellyn formation, Immediately underlying the Taylor Borough Landfill site.

Nine coal seams either out crop or are present beneath the site. These are descendin,n I g order: t • Four Foot Coal Seam t Diamond Coal Seam • Rock Coal Seam • Big Coal Seam i New County Coal Seam i Clark Coal Seam Dunmor1 . No e i Coal Seam • No. 2 Dunmore Coal Seam Dunmor3 . No e * Coal Seam

The thicknesses of these coal seams under the site range from 2.5 feet Foue th r r Foofo t Coa Roce lth k 7 feeSea r Coao fo t m l Seam.

All the coal seams have extensive mine workings from underground operations, and the potential surface subsidence due to the collapse of these mine workings 1s of concern In the entire region. Discussions with Mr. Art Borchert, a mining expert on the area 1n the W1lkes-Barre, Pennsylvania repository of the Office of Surface Mining (OSM) determinatioe , th lea o t d n that standard d roopillaan m r mining minee th s use n swa I d unde e siterth . Typically 4 foo2 , t room widths and entries were employed, and approximately 50 percent of the coal s lefn wa place1 t . NUS, during their exploratory boring program, determined tha e mintth e som f o voide s unde e sitrth e contained collapse subsider o d d mine roof rock. e boringBaseth n o d s through the mine workings performed by NUS, knowledge of the mining In the area, and research Into subsidence 1rt Pennsylvania performed for

1 >*r

21 r\ 0026

I I I I I 1 I I I I 1

m Ti» m coiui"! cgnnUD f»o» 1001 OP Tiir Himi, Mwnmra WILD AND OOKHOIS atoriraci, LITHOIMI H)CHII>TIOIID UAN 1 All tUOM!A TIIf mO C >BU[NCt» [NCOUIiTMt AVCHAUC AK D OAN O mM Nttf JSAflY. r - OROUN/- O SURFACE _ • . ' • i ,* ,r ______* H ^ / * HALE, ORAT, OCCASIONALLY SANDY, ID- i UR FOOT COAL, 2.9' DRAY SHALE PARTIN9. 20' ;::% gs 30- HALE, ORAY, OCCASIONALLY SANDY,

!'!•!'! 50- SANDSTONE, MEDIUM ORAY, MEDIU COARSO MT E GRAINED, MICACEOUS, •I'M REDDMINANTUY MASSIVE, VERTICA DIAGONAD LAN L FRACTURES •I1!1! REQUENT. SHALEY LENSES FREQUENT. THICKNESS VARIES-90' TO 66'. 60- Ijljlj 70- I•z,*I' 60- ijiiij —— FRACTURE (TYPICAL) 90- •'i'55 100- 1 110- 1 SHALE, WAYTO DARK GRAY, VERTICA HIGD LHAN ANGLE FRACTURES ^ COMMON INCREA3INO DOWNWARD, SANOY LENSES OCCASIONAL, THICKNESS VARIES 21' TO 32'. ' R $ 120- 1 C 1 130 -T DIAMOND COAL ANDMINE VOID, THICKNESS VARIES-7,9 10'O 1T . a : SHALE, DARK ORAY TOBLACK,COMMONLY HIGHLY FRACTURER DO o WO-^^ SUBSIDED, SANDY LENSES FREQUENT. THICKNESS VARIES •('TO 12'. 190-JjP HOCK COAL AND MINE VOID, THICKNESS VARIES-j'ToA SHALE,DARKORAY TOCLACK.COMMONLY ABSENT OF FRACTURES, ISO- i THICKNESS, RANGE8 O T ' S4

170 :•:•: II SANDSTONE, MEDIUM OflAY,MEOIU COARSO MT E DRAINED MICACEOUS, ISO PREDOMINANTLY MASSIVE, SHALEY LENSES OCCASIONAL, 1 SPARSE FRACTURES, 190 1 200

210 m1. «o-p SHALE, ORAY TO DAHK CHAY.WITH OCCASIONAL SANDY LENSE9, i! LOWER HALF VERY BROKE FRACTUREDD NAN , BIO COAL ANOMINE VOID, 290-A ^ fJi SHALE.ORAY, FREQUENTLY SANDY, g mmKi IIIIIIIIAI:I M . i«iitn«non ntponr IU « FIQ SITE-SPECIFIC STRATI8RAPHIC COLUMN TAYLOR BOROUGH SITE, TAYLOR BOROUGH.PA VPRT1CSI. SCA1.E !"• 20' I the Appalachian Regional Commission, the subsidence potential for the > surface was,estimate e approximatelb o t d y 1-1/ o 4t 2-1/2 feet, given | the collapse of the Diamond or Rock Coal seam mine roofs as a dual, Isolated, localized occurrence. The model and calculations are ! presente Appendin 1 d . E x ' i I 4.4 Ground Water I The hydrogeology at the site Is a complex matrix of water tables and aquifers. Perched, localized water tables are prevalent 1n the soil zone, and are very dependent upon material composition and placement, In addition a ,general , shallow ground water table underlie e sitth se aa tdept f o happroximatel 5 1 fee o tt belo e 2 surface1 yth w . This ground water table fluctuates directly e witth volumeh f o s precipitation received over the site, with the direction of flow controlled largel y topographb y t slopinbu y g generall e wesd th an t o t y southwest.

) Five water bearing zones have been Identified within the bedrock structurS durinNU y gb e their Investigations. These zonee ar s segregated by the shale and sandstone bedding of the rock formations, and 1n some locations are flowing under artesian conditions. Based on the structural e conditionth geolog d an y s observe NUSy b d , ground water froe sit n th mbedroc1 e k flows east-southeas e centeth o t f ro the Syncllne. Water 1n these zones flows to the mine pool, either by vertically migrating through fractured rock and mine openings (air shafts, slope openings, unsealed boreholes, etc.y followinb r o ) e th g geologic structur d Interceptinean e minth gen a elevatiopoo t a l f o n approximately 600 feet above HSL, Water In the mine pool flows In the downstream directioe Lackawannth f o n s a1 assume Rived o an t dr discharge Into the Lackawanna River at an outfall In Old Forge, Pennsylvania.

IJ 23 ,00029 e grounTh d water aquifers e surface closesvalleth th n o i t yet have been significantly e affecteextensivth y b d e mining (strid an p underground) throughout Lackawannt resula no a s e a Countar t d an y utilized for residential wells. There Is no reported use of ground vjater for drinking purposes within approximately one mile of the site, Potable water for the residents 1s provided by a municipal water system n remotI . e locations, however possibls I t 1 , e that ground water wells are being used for potable supplies, since localized perched ground water condition occuro d s .

Leachate generation potential from the landfllled refuse and coal mine spoil is significant In the soil zone due to the Interaction of the wastes and the shallow water conditions.

5 Surfac4. e Hater

Several surface wate e Immediatr th resource n I e eH vicinitse th f o y Taylor Borough landfill site . John'St . s Creek ,streaa m flowinf of g Bald Mountain, passes acros e sitth se nearly bisectin e propertyth g . e creeTh k flows southeastwardl sitee th e limi, th f theo to t ny southwest toward e communite Lackawann th sth d Forg d Ol an ef o y a River.

Another stream from Bald Mountain, Lucky Run, lies approximately 1400 feet northease siteth f ,o t flowin a southeastwar n I g d direction. This tributary flows Into Keyser Creek, which flows southware th o t d Lackawanna River. Keyser Creek lies approximately 3,200 feet southeast of the site, and the Lackawanna River Is 8,500 feet (1,6 miles) southeast of the site at Its closest proximity.

Several Bonds have been Identified onslte. These pond e primarilar s y surface depressions and subsidences, and collect surface runoff during storm events .a constanponde s th Non ha sf o e t steady discharge Into e forementloneth f o e on y an d tributaries;s a thust appeal ac ,al o t r ground water recharge points except during peak rainfall occurrences.

•J 24 '00030 4.6 Contamination

For the purposes of this site remediation activity, the contamination e s considerecontaminatioI th S e b NU foun o t y db d n type d levelan s s requiring remediation. However, recognizing that data gaps may exist S InvestigatioNU e th In n with respec o t Dru m Storage d Areaan 1 s d thaan t , 2 thes 2/Pondd an e 1 dats a gaps represent potential Inadequacie remediathe In s l process, HAR proposin1s T g tha limitea t d sampling and testing program be Implemented 1n these areas to define the exten f o contaminatiot n e remediatioth presen d an t n process required. Refer to Section 7.2 of this report for details concerning this proposed sampling and testing program.

s determineNUha S d thae followinth t g contaminant type d levelan se ar s present at the site, and that these media require remediation In the specified areas. Appendix B provides the tabular results presenting the levels of contamination found and figures showing the sampling locations selected by NUS during the Remedial Investigation.

4.6.1 Soils

The soils In Drum Storage Areas 3 and 6, the surface between these areas, and Drum Storage Area 4 contain elevated levels of Inorganics (metals) e followinTh . g contaminant e presenar s t e soiith n l structure:

« Aluminum « Antimony i Arsenic i Barium « Beryllium * Cadmium « Chromium i Cobalt t Copper • Iron ,30031 o Lead r Manganese • Mercury • Nickel • Selenium • Silver • Tin • Vanadium t Zinc

As shown In the data of Appendix B, selected samples range from 0.21 to 227,300 parts per million (ppm) above background for various contaminants, the latter being Iron contamination In a sample froni'Drum Storage Area 3. Contamination from Mercury, Selenium, Silver d Vanadiuman , t ,typica no whic f s o i l h background conditions, was found In all the Drum Storage Areas.

Organic contaminatio s founwa n d exclusivel Drun i y m Storage . 2 Durind Area an excavatione test 1 th pi gst s performey b d NUS, samples were collected which lab analysis Indicated the following contamination types were present:

i Ethyl benzene i Methylene Chloride i Toluene t 4-Methyl-2-Pentanone t 'Total Xylene i Fluoranthene • B1s(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate Benzo(a)Anthracen( e t Benzo(a)Pyrene • Benzo(b)Fluoranthene • Chrysene t Phenanthrene • Pyrene t Phenol ,.30032 26 _ i Chlorodane ' PCB-1Z5• 4

An additional compound, tetrachloroethylene, was Identified < durin e tes t th gsampl tpi e screening (Table 3-8, Appendi, xB) but not substantiated during the lab analysis, Elevated levels of several volatile organlcs were found and quantified exclusively In NUS Test Pit Number 12, Indicating a potentially confined area for remediation. However, general findings and sample screenings Indicate a slightly larger area Is Involved. Further definition and evaluation of the volatile organic contamination In this area Is required.

4.6.2 Surface Water

Surface water sampling shows that the following organic and Inorganic contamination Is present, primarily 1n Ponds 1 and 2:

i Aluminum t Barium i Cadmium i Iron i Lead « Manganese i Mercury i Zinc ( Ethyl benzene i Methylen. e Chloride t Toluene i Acetone i 2-Butanone t Carbondlsulflde • 4-Methyl-2-Pentanone i Total Xylene

3003v 3 27 analysee e resultth Th f o ss performe e presentedar Tablen o d s ' 3-9,'3-10, 3-11, and 3-12 prepared by NUS and presented In Appendi. B x

4.6.3 Sediments

Analysis of sediment samples taken from the onslte ponds Indicate thae followinth t g organi d Inorganian c c contaminants. .are found In the sediment of Ponds 1 and 2:

* Aluminum i Arsenic • Cadmium i Chromium « Copper • Iron « Lead Manganes( e ) • Mercury t Zinc t Toluene « Acetone i Total Xylene • Benzold eAd t 4,4'-DDT ( PCB-1254 • Methylene Chloride

e analysee resultTh th f o s s performe e presentear d n Tableo d s 3-14 and 3-15 of Appendix B.

..30034 5.0 S.1TE..REHED.IATIQILPJ,A,N t The work for the site remediation falls Into two categories, Hazardous and Non-Hazardous, based upon the contaminant levels found at the site and the remediation requirements set forth in the Record of Decision. Thus, the project has been divided Into two segments, which define and distinguish the required activities for each category at the appropriate locations on site.

The first phase of the work Involves the excavation of selected areas of placemene th Dru d m an f severa Storago t, 2 d / Pond l2 an e fee1 d sArea f an to 1 s unclassified clean fill over all the Drum Storage Areas as an Isolation cover, as per the requirements specified in the ROD. These activities are classified as hazardous due to the potential exposure of onslte personnel and the resident population to the contaminant substances present In the Drum Storage Areas, The second phase of the work Involves the continued placement of unclassified clean fill and clay materials over jril^ of the,Drum Storage Areas, and the construction of the erosion control and surface water management features of the plans. These tasks are considered non-hazardous due to the fact that the onslte contamination will have been removed or isolated in accordance with the ROD prior to the Initiatio f o thesn e potentiath tasks d r an exposurfo ,l e wil e almosb l t nonexistent. All work performed at the site will be overseen by an onslte Engineer, or qualified technician, under the supervision of a Registered Professional Engineer familiar with the Final Closure Plan requirements.

e followinTh g sections highligh e activitieth t s that will occu s para rf o t the implementation of the Final Closure Plan. Detailed examination and explanation of the various aspects of the project begins In Section 7.

5.1 Hazardous Site Remediation Activities

This remediation process addresse e areath s s identifie beins a d g potentially hazardous, requiring an elevated level of protection for onslte personne d monitorin an e lth activitie f o g o t provids e

29 -'0035 protectioe residentiath r fo n l population. Construction activities that will occur as part of the remediation will Include, but are not limited to:

i Placemen f temporaro t y erosion control features (straw baler o s silt fences) around site as necessary.

• Clearing and grubbing of vegetation from within the areas of construction activity.

i Excavatio e Identifieth f o n d area f contaminationo s ; staga n i e preselected area.

• Sampling of the excavation limits for contamination levels.

i Samplin excavatee th f o g d materia contaminatior fo l n levels.

i Draining of Ponds No. 1 and 2, pumping the liquid Into tank trucks ) for treatment at an offsite treatment facility.

i Gradin e th siteg s wit a minimuh o footw mt thick covef o r unclassified clean fill materia o Isolatt l e storagth e e surfaces. Disturbance of the underlying soils will be minimized.

5.2 Non-Hazardous Site Remediation Activities

This remediation process addresse e taskth s s identifie s beina d g non-hazardous, thus not requiring an elevated level of personnel protection and monitoring. Construction activities that will occur during this e portiositth ef o remediation t nno Includee ar t bu , ~ "~ limited : ,to

i Installation of the culvert as a temporary surface water conveyance,

J 30 ..00036 1 • Construction of perimeter surface water control channel as a ' temporary control measure, Installatio f o erosion n control | features (straw bales, silt fences) as required.

I i Completion of site grading with unclassified clean fill material, to the lines and grades presented on the Drawings.

• Constructio headwallf o n trashrackd an s endt a culvertsf o s .

• Constructio drawingse claf th no anchor ye pe coveto ,s d ra Iran

I • Placement of topsoll over cover,

! i Placement of channel linings In appropriate locations.

' . • Reconstruction of the access road.

t Revegetatlon of all exposed soil areas and mulching. ,) 5.3 Implementation Schedule i Construction of the final closure plan features is Intended for Implementation during the 1986 construction season, following approval by the USEPA of the plan.

5.4 Maintenance

Long term maintenanc e sitth ef o ewil e requireb l d followine th g completio e constructioth f o n e siteth .t a n This work Includest bu , Is not limited to the following:

• Maintenance of vegetation, and revegetatlon where necessary.

« Maintenance of access roads.

„ .30037 UJ £i

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ii? ,30038 33 • Maintenanc f fencingo e , signs othed an ,r site access restriction features. t Maintenanc f channelo e d channean s l linings. i Maintenanc culverte th f eo , headwall d trashracksan s .

• Repa'lr of eroslonal rills. i Regradlng of the closure covers as required due to landfill settlemen d minan t e subsidence o prevent , t localized ponding,

This work wil e performeb l qualifiea y b d d contracto State th f o er r o Pennsylvania, as per the terms set forth and agreed to by the USEPA and the Committee at the completion of the work.

32 ,30039 6.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Due to the nature of the contamination present at the site and the clean-up activities proposed e Healtth , d Safetan h y requirement e worth kr extenfo s d beyond those set forth by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA r genera)fo l construction work safete Th . f bot e onslto y th h e workerd an s the local residents must be considered during the site activities. The following sections highlight the major features and considerations of a Health and Safety plan for the site.

6.1 Worker Health and Safety

Personnel working onslte as part of the remediation process may encounter conditions that are potentially unsafe. In addition to the e physicalth dangeo t e ,rdu chemical d lexicologicaan , l propertief o s the materials present, other types of hazards - electricity, water, heavy equipment, falling objects, los f o sbalance r trippingo , r fo , exampln hav ca n a • eadvers e e effec n personnelo t personnel Al , l ' going onslte muse adequatelb t y traine thoroughld an d y briefen o d anticipated hazards, equipmen e wornb o ,t t safety practicee b o t s followed, emergency procedures, and communications. Medical monitoring requirements will also have to be met prior to the engagement of personnel for field activities.

As with the site operations 1n general, the Health and Safety requirement e b groupe n ca ds o Intdistinctw o t categories, each associated with a phase of the operations, The first phase requires physical protection from the volatile organic substances In Drum Storage Areas land 2/ Ponds 1 and 2 and the Inorganic (metals) contaminants found In Drum Storage Areas 3, 4, and 6. The remainder of the activities can be undertaken without the need for special protective equipment, since onsltth e e contamination will have been remediated prior to the Initiation of these work tasks.

,30040 33 ••». In the first phase of the operations, Level C protection will be used In the contaminated areas by all workers on a dally basis. Level C protection will Include:

f Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equipped (HSHA/NIOSH approved) - Organic Vapor and Dust Control cartridges

t Chem'lcal-resistant clothing (coveralls; hooded, one-piece or two-piece chemical splash suits; chemical-resistant hood and apron; disposable chemical-resistant coveralls)

t Gloves (outer), chemical-resistant

i Gloves (Inner), chemical-resistant

i Boots (outer), chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank

i Hard hat ..;) After a minimum of two feet of general fill have been placed over all the contaminated areas onstte, the workers may elect to downgrade their level of protection for the second, non-hazardous phase of the activities directioe th e safett th a , f o yn officer o Leve,t . D Level l 0 protection Includes:

i Coveralls

i Gloves

• Boots/shoes, leather or chemical-resistant, steel toe and shank

i Safety glasses

i Hard Hat

JC04. 1 34 I This will allow the site work to progress faster and reduce the potential harmful effects associated with Leve workC l . I e Initiatioth Prio y sito t an re f o nactivities Sita , e Safety Plan i Will be developed to cover all phases of the site operations. All personnel mus e familiab t r e d standaradherwitth an ho t e d operating safety procedures and any additional Instructions and Information containe e Sitth en I Safetd y Plan A typica. l Site Safety Plan outline 1s presente n appendia Appendin 1 s dA o thit x. C xs plan a writte, n document will be prepared that provides the following Information;

. StandarA d Operating Procedure• s

Standard operating procedures writtea wil e b l n step-by-stef o t se p Instruction r performinfo s a saf tasa g en ' kmanner . Standardized : procedures ensure that everyone knows what should be done In a given situation and who Is responsible for each task. Standardized Items Include excavation, fill placement, decontamination, ) sampling, site access routes operationad an , l procedures.

B. Work Practices

Work practices mus e evaluateb t o verift d e effectivenesth y e th f o s safety program. Safe work habits must be encouraged and unsafe work habits eliminated. Feedback on how the procedures work In actual practic s ImportantI e .

C. Environmental Monitoring

The monitoring of environmental conditions Is Important In determining what procedures should be followed. These conditions generally refer to the presence of any hazardous chemicals, but also can Include physical hazards. Selection of the proper respiratory protection Is contingent on the results of air monitoring.

35 D. Personal Monitoring i ' While environmental monitoring gives airborne concentrations of chemicals at different locations at a site, It does not necessarily , Indicate wha workee th t s actuallI r y expose . Thato d t Information comes from sampling devices that the worker wears throughout the work shift. These devices can be badges, electronic monitors, or pumps pulling air through sampling media. They show the worker's exposure ,o t change whicn vare ca wordu hn I ys k locationd an s change e environmenth n I s t durin wore th gk shift.

E. Engineered Safeguards

In general Industry, engineered safeguards, a sucventilatio s a h n system, are used frequently to control exposure to hazards. With response operations, however, this usuallI s y Impossiblr o e Impractical, engineeref limiteBecause o th e us f deo d controls, the proper selection and use of personal protective equipment becomes very Important.

F. Medical Surveillance Requirements

Medical surveillanc s I Importan o e waystw n .1 t First, since response workers are handling materials that can damage their bodies, they must be checked to determine If any damage Is occurring. There are medical tests for determining 1f a worker has too much of a chemical 1n their system. For example, blood tests can detect lead and carbon monoxide, urine tests can detect arsenic, and there are tests to determine If the liver Is functioning properly. d hai Exhaled naian an r lr clippingai d n ca s als e analyzee presencb o th r fo f chemicalsdo e . Workers showinn a g abnormal amoun chemicaf o t thein I l r systems shoul e removeb d d from their assignments or have their operating procedures reevaluated.

36 .00043 -s The second reason for medical surveillance 1s to ensure the worker Is capable of doing the job. Using respiratory protection strains the pulmonary system, OSHA General Industry Standard 29CFR1910,134(b)(10) states that "Persons e assigneshoulb t no do t d , tasks requiring use of respirators unless 1t has been determined that e thephysicallar y y e ablo th t perfor e us e wor d th m an k equipment," Heat stress can be a problem for workers wearing protective clothing. Thus n I som, e situations t woul1 ,e b d advisable to check workers for symptoms of heat stress,

G. Education and Training Requirements

Educatio d traininan n e verar g y Importan n effectiva n I t e safety program. Employees have to learn the proper procedures for the job. If the procedures require use of particular equipment, then the workers should have "hands on" training until they are familiar with It. Workers must be trained when new equipment or procedures are Introduced. Refresher courses 1n procedures that are not used frequentl e ar prudenty , Continued training with positive reinforcement ensures the effective use of the safety program.

A safety program can be an effective means of reducing the risks at hazardous material responses, but only If everyone knows the • program and follows 1t. This requires education, training, monitoring of activities, feedback, and retraining.

6.2 Resident Health and Safety

Another Importan e tHealt th fac d Safetf o an th y Plan preparee th r fo d sit e protectioeth willocae e b th l l f o nresident s from potential releases from the site. As a rule, unauthorized personnel will remain off the property at all times during the construction activity with access restricte y ^empraty^jenclnb d g (snow-type guarda d ,an ) provided for added security, as necessary. This will reduce the potentia r direcfo l t contact during construction.

37 r arounai e e perimete th dTh e landfil th f o rl site wil e screeneb l d with a HNU photolonlzatlon detector (PID) to detect elevated concentrations of organic vapors that may be released Into the atmosphere. Once during every four hours of work at the site, the perimeter wile b screenel o t detecd t Increase e contaminanth n 1 s t e airlevel th n A Increas. n I s f fivo e e part r milliope s n downrange above the uprange reading for the same screening will be the action e siteth f I thi lever .s fo lactio n leve s surpassed1 l , constant monitoring will be performed to access the types and affects of the releases, and the work at the site will be suspended until such time e readingth s a s decrease beloe actioth w n e releaslevelth f I e. persists e excavatioth , n wil e b coverel d with clean fill available from an onsite stockpile retained for this purpose, and the local emergency personnel notified.

Other measure o reduc t se potentia th e r releasefo l s will include th e decontamination of vehicles prior to leaving the site, the use of dust abatement procedures during construction activities and the selection of a low-population travel route to and from the site.

3 Emergenc6. y Response Plan

n onsite a evenIth n f eo t accident, fire r generao , l uncontrolled release of contamination, the Taylor Borough Emergency Management Agency wile Immediatelb l y notifie o thas dt n thecoordinatca y e th e required response with the police, fire, and ambulance services, the Lackawanna County Emergency Management Agency, and any other organization covered under the Taylor Borough Emergency Service System, Full detaile Incidentsth f o s , parties Involved d actionan , s taken will be made available to the coordinator and others Involved In the response.

38 ?0045 -v 7.0 tiMMP.IJS.SITE REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES

i I This sectioe reporth f o n t detail e constructioth s n related aspecte th f o s first phase of the slto remediation process. The features, to be Implemented as Drue th m closure l Storagth al par f f eto o e Areas e Intendear , removo t d e eth elevated level f o volatils e organic contamination present d producan , n a e effective soil cover over these areas which will reduce the potential for dermal contact with the contamination permitted to remain In place. These actions are required by the Record of Decision.

The work that will be required to be performed to meet the above objectives wile classifieb l s a hazardousd d thuan , s requir n a elevatee d levef o l protectio r onsltfo n e personne d additionaan l l monitoring activitiee th r fo s protectio e residentiath f o n l population e undertakee taskb Th . o t s s para nf o t this phase of the work will Include:

• Determination of the background contamination levels prior to the ..;•) Initiation of remedial activities; • Determination of the potential limits of excavation through an onslte samplin d testinan g g program;

• Preparation of the site for construction activities, Including the placement of temporary erosion control measures and site clearing and grubbing;

• Performanc excavatioe th stagind f eo an n g operation o removt s e th e volatile organic contaminatio Drun 1 n m Storag / Pond e2 d Area1 s an 1 s and 2 to background levels;

i Transport and disposal of soil and water containing elevated levels of contaminants, and;

39 i Placement of an soil cover of unclassified clean general fill e Druth move l Storagal r e Area o Isolatt s e Inorganith e c (metals) contaminatio accordancn I n e wite RODth h .

These.activities are discussed In detail 1n the following sections.

1 Backgroun7. d Contamination

It 1s. well documented that native soils have levels of chemical contamination present due to natural occurences, and thus are considered the natural background for hazardous waste sites, The Taylor Borough Site soil e comprisear s d extensivel f coayo l mine spoil and landfllled refuse, which have associated with them elevated levels of chemical contamination above those that would be found In the native soils offslte r clarityFo . , these level e considerear s e th d Site Specific Background. Site specific background levels represent the onsite contamination present due to the landfill operations (refuse), mining operations (mine spoil), and other activities that

occurred as part of the allowable site functions that are not associated with the drum placement or remedial operations. For this reason, when comparin e contaminatioth g n resulting from drum storage to an acceptable background level, the site specific background must be used to define the action level of the remediation.

Prior to the beginning of construction activities 1n Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2, the contaminant levels for volatile organlcs that are reflectiv f o ebackgroun d condition e sitth t ea wilse determine b l d through an onsite sampling and testing program. Samples of refuse and mine spoil wile b collectel r analysifo d s from upgradlent areas considered x locationbackgroune si e th th site t A n r i .fo s d landfllled refus x locationsi e e mind areth an en a i sspoi l area shown in Figure 8, samples will be obtained to an average depth of 15 feet, These locations are Indicative of typical site activities that have not been Influenced by industrial/drum storage actions, based on the •J 40 ,?0047 historical evidence available for the site and the geophysical surveys performe S durinNU e y remediab th gd l Investigations e deptTh s I ,h considered representativ e conditionth f o e s that wil e b presenl n I t Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2 with respect to the volatilization and leaching potentia e contaminateth f o l d materials l samplinAl . g wile b l performed above the static water level In the area; the drilling program wile b adjustel d accordingl e fielth n dI e y baseth n o d conditions encountered.

e boreholeTh s wil advancee b l d using solid stem augers. Samples will be collected from three depths within each borehole, usin 4 Inc a gh Inside diameter split-barrel sampler. The exact depths will be selected base n fielo d d visual observation materiae th f o thaso s l t e stratlgraphlth c e boreholth colum f s o representeI n e e th n I d combined samples. The sampling depths will be approximately 5, 10, and 15 feet below the ground surface. The samples will be combined In a wide mouth Inert plastic or glass jar and thoroughly mixed to provide a composite sample representative of the borehole stratigraphy ' and contamination. From this jar, representative samples will be take d placean n n smalleI d r container r analysisfo s .

One of the samples drawn from the composite will be analyzed In the field using a Century Systems Organic Vapor Analyzer Model OVA-128GC Chromatagraps IGa n h (GC) Mode develoo ,t correlatioa p n between field screening result d laboratoran s y analysis results. This correlation wil e useb l d durin e subsequenth g t construction activitie o controt s l e word th providan k e positive, quick e feedbacpotentiath n o kl contamination levels present.

7.2 Sampling and Testing

e b performee worTh o t k d durin e Phas th operationI gI e s requires an extensive sampling and contaminant testing program to properly control and complete the work. The sampling and testing required falls Into four categories: J 42 .00048 ( Sampling and testing for the background contamination levels present onslte,

• Sampling and testing for areas of elevated volatile organic • contamination requiring excavation,

• Sampling and testing for the achievement of background contamination levele excavationth n I s d ;an

i Sampling and testing for the types and levels of contamination found In the material extracted from the excavation and stages prio propeo rt r disposal.

discusses A Section 1 d n 7.1 e backgroun,th d contamination levels will be determined through an onslte sampling and analysis program, The result f thio s s Investigation will establis containmene hth t action level d thu e requirean sth s d remediation areae effortth .r fo s

After the background contamination levels are established, additional exploration work will be performed In Drum Storage Areas 1 and 2. This work 1s required due to the potential data gaps and general lack f quantifieo d volatile organic contaminatio ne areas levelth r .fo s

Test pits will be excavated 1n the vicinity of NUS Test Pits 11, 13, 6 1 (Se d 15ean , Drawing H048-E3) where previous Investigations have indicated that volatile organic contaminatio e presentb y e ma ntes Th .t pits will extend through the potentially volatilized surface materials (first few feet) into the underlying layers. Samples collected for lab analysis will be split and screened with an OVA 1n GC Mode to suppor e developmenth t e screeninth f o t g correlation. e remaininTh g samples e laboratorwil th e senb lo t r analysifo y s describea s d later in this section. Additional test pits may be excavated based on a review of the laboratory data received for the Initial test pits.

.00049 During the excavation work being performed to remove the volatile organks at the site, a field screening technique will be used to monito e levelth r f o scontaminatio e materialth n I n s being excavated froe siteth m . This screening process e b performe o t , d wit n OVAa h , will be used to control the direction and extent of the excavation by providing Immediate feedbac e contaminatioth n o k n type d levelsan s s A . e excavatioth n progresses e readou,th t frometee th m r when operaten I d C ModG e th wil e compareb l d wite correlatioth h n developed between the OVA-GC readings and the laboratory analytical results from the background determination and the test pit operations. When the field screening Indicates that background contamination levels have been reachee excavationth n I d e excavatioth , n wil e considereb l d clead an n complete, and can be backfilled.

e excavatioTh n materials wil e stagedb l s discussea , Section I d n 7.5. These piles wile b samplel o t determind e type th ed level an s f o s contamination presen e tultimat th base n o de destinatio f theso n e materials. Sampling will consist of a minimum of two samples from each pile, for the type of analysis dictated by the pile segregation. The exact numbe f o rsample s will var e pileyth e e siz witf th on o ; eh composite sample will be taken for approximately every ZOO cubic yards of material staged In a pile.

Laboratory analysis will be performed at a qualified Independent laboratory, using the USEPA extraction and analysis procedures. The samples will be analyzed for the following volatile organic compounds:

Compound USEPA METHOD NUMBER

Hethylene Chloride 601 2 60 Ethyl Benzene Toluene 602 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 624 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 624

44 _ 1 60 Tetrachloroethylene ' Total Xylene 6034 ,62 I Acetone 624

These are the compounds determined by NUS and the USEPA to be present and of concern at the site.

7.3 Temporary Erosion Control

Following the determination of the background contamination levels and the anticipated limits of excavation based on the test pit Investigations, construction, work in Drum Storage 1 and 2 will proceed,

The proposed construction activities at the site are expected to disturb large surface areas, Clearin grubbind an g g activitied an s equipment movements will p distursurfacto e th be site th laye, f ro leaving the soil exposed to potential erosion during storm events. To preven e migratioth t f soilo n s with surface water runoff, temporary erosion control measures wil e Implementedb l .

Erosion control 1n the form of silt fence or straw bales will be placed downgradlent of all construction areas and 1n other selected areas to act as a silt barrier. Amoco Propex S1lt Stop, or equivalent, will be Installed In accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. However e contracton th a , e us y elecma ro t t

alternative material, such as straw bales, If the material has propertie sr o surpassinequa o t l g e silth thos tf s o I fence d an e approved for use by the Engineer.

The temporary erosion control measures will be maintained throughout e constructioth n activitie d untian s l suc he permanenth tim s a e t erosion control measures have been Installed or established, All

, 00051 installations will be Inspected following each significant storm event and repaired as required. Repairs shall also be made Immediately following any damage due to construction activities, such as equipment movements.

4 Clearin7. d Grubbinan g g

Clearing and grubbing of the site Is required for the subsequent construction activities and to provide proper bonding between existing e soith soill d e an coverselectese place th b n o I t sd d areas, This activity will Include removal and proper disposal of all vegetative material, Including brusd treesan h s ,a genera l fill along wity an h other non-hazardous materials or obstructions that may hinder the construction activities and operations.

Clearing and grubbing shall take place In all the areas of construction, to the extent required for construction purposes, The vegetation which provides visual barrier e sitth eo t swil e retaineb l d as mucs a possibleh r aesthetifo , c reasons froe surroundinth m g properties.

7.5 Excavation Operations

e volatilTh e organic contamination presene soith n lI t structurf eo e sedimentDruth m n wilI 1 Storag f d d Pondlo san an 1 s2 e Aread an 1 s be excavate o backgrount d d contamination level s requirea e sth y b d Record of Decision, to control the emission of volatile organlcs from e presen th e siteth t A t . time e ,know th base n o dleve f o l contaminatio e sit th S data e vicinitNU t e soila th frone ,th n th m1 s y of NUS Test Pit 12 will be excavated due to the quantifiable concentrations of several volatile organic compound present at that location. Additional potential excavation areas will be identified based on the proposed sampling and analysis program to be undertaken d durinprioan excavatioe o rt th g n process.

46 ,,00052 e excavatioTh n work wile accomplisheb l a thre s a de part program, throug e mechanismth h f o excavations , screenin d analysisan g d ,an staging. Staging 1s the process of selective segregation and placement of the soils In a controlled area for the purpose of consolidating soils with similar contaminatio nr samplinlevelfo d an s g and analysis of the chemical contaminant types and levels present 1n each staged soil area e excavatio.Th n process wil e compriseb l e th f o d following activities approximateln I , y their orde f occurencero :

1) Construct the staging area liner and berm system as shown on construction drawings.

) Perfor2 e excavatioth me area th sn I nIdentifie d througe th h testing program to be undertaken prior to and during the site activities.

3} Field screen the excavated materials to determine their proper staging location.

4) Sample the staged piles and perform the appropriate analysis for chemical contamination to determine the proper final destinatio materialse th f o n .

) Loa5 d materials destinedisposae th r fo dl facility, usine th g techniques to be outlined as part of the Site Safety Plan. Stockpile the materials that can be used as general in an appropriate location,

} Sampl6 e excavatioth e s requirea ne o determinth t l d al f 1 e contaminated materials have been remove o backgroundt d o t , verify the excavation as clean.

7) Remove the staging area, transporting the materials to the disposal facility. Remov d trea an e onslt th t e ponded water,

,?OQ53 47 8) Backfill the excavation with clean unclassified fill and place cover over area,

Manf theso y e actlvltes e ,stagin th suc d s screenina han g g processes, will be concurrent. These general Items are detailed throughout this sectiosubsequenn 1 d an n t section reporte th f so .

The zones Identified as having elevated levels of volatile organic contamination will be excavated with a backhoe under the direction of e Engineerth s eacA . h loa retrieves I d d froe excavatioth m n areae ,th Engineer will scree e bucken surve1 th n A tyOV witmode o th quicklht e y asses contaminatioe sth n levels present. Base readingsA d OV upoe th n , the material will be placed Into one of the Individual piles or group e staginf th pileo n 1 s g area establishe e followinr th eacfo df o h g contamination level classifications:

( "Elevated • Show" s significant level f contaminatioo s e th n i n survey mode, Indicatin e loath gd wil transportee b l a disposa o t d l facility. The criteria Is an OVA reading of greater than 1 ppm.

i "Not Detected" - Based on the OVA readings In the survey mode, the equipment manufacturer's recommended detection limit of 1 ppm for this apparatus 1n the survey mode has not been exceeded, Materials placed here potentiall t requirno o d ye transpor disposaa o t l facility.

It 1s anticipated that the materials requiring excavation and disposal will have high (ppm) levels of contamination that can be detected by e surveth n yI A OV e Instrumen th e th e survef th o n I te y us mode e Th , mode will sav ee screenin timth n I e gn I process A OV e e limi.th Th f o t survey mode Is 1 ppm, as recommended by the manufacturer, Once the contamination levels fall below thi e sthu ar levels d approachinan , g background levels, the OVA will be switched to the GC mode so that the Individual contaminant e quantifiedb n ca s C screeninG e , th Whee gth n Indicates that the background levels have been reached, the excavation wil consideree b l d clea d completean n d backfillin,an g will begin, 48 ,30054 e pileTh s which contai e "elevatedth n " level f contaminatioo s n wile b l analyzed at1 an offslte laboratory to determine the types and levels of contaminants present, guided by the reporting and manifest requirement disposae th f so l facility being used. Each waste disposal facility will require a preapproval chemical analysis based on their screening requirements before the materials can be manifested and accepted for disposal. The remaining piles will be sampled and field e levelscreeneth f volatilo sr fo d e organlc f o sInteres t usine th g protocols discussed in Section 7.2, and the screening correlations developed during previous sampling e opinioactivitiesth n I f no , If . e EngineeA readingth OV e th rs wer t conclusiveeno , samples wile b l e laboratorth seno t tr analysisfo y . These volatile organlcf so Interest are as follows:

t Methylene Chloride « Ethyl Benzene i Toluene i Methyl Isobutyl Ketone i Methyl Ethyl Ketone ' • Tetrachloroethylene i Total Xylene • Acetone

Pile scontaminatee b foun o t d d above allowablth e e background levels will be resampled and analyzed In accordance with the disposal facility requirements. Soil r beloo s t wa determine the e . b 1. o t d background contamination level r volatilfo s e organlcs wil e use b l^.f-s a d r ~ i-*T' general fill In the Immediate excavation. - i.1-^>,,.."' , e staginTh g area wil e constructeb l d Immediately eas f Druo t m Storage Areas 1 and 2 and North of Pond 1, This area will be covered with a layer of 30 mil high density polyethylene (HOPE) to prevent contamination of the underlying soils. All joints that are required between adjacent sections of HOPE will be shingle overlapped approximately 12 Inches and sealed with a hot air tack, as shown In I-J \ - Figur . 9 eContainmen t berms wil e constructeb l d alone perimeteth g r of the area, overlain with HOPE , and at key points Internal to the staging are controo at d segregatan l e runoff e staginTh . g area will be sloped toward Pond 1, which will act as a collection and retention hasln for the runoff, and all seams In the HOPE will be placed perpendicular to the dip of the slope to promote proper drainage and prevent leakage e materialTh . s considere o t havde "elevated" contamination levels will be placed on the downgradlent end of the staging area closes o t Pon. t1 Othed r materials classifies a d "marginally" contaminated or not contaminated will be placed progressively upgradlent on the staging area to minimize further contamination e staginTh . g area wile b coverel d wit n anchorea h d plastic sheeting during periods of Inactivity, primarily overnight and weekends.

The excavated material will be placed directly on the HOPE Uner. e staginAccesth o t sg area wile providedump-trailere b th l r fo d y b s placin 6 Incheg f sano s d oveHOPe th rE followe y stabilizatiob d n mats, simila o t rthos e use o t movd e crane d othean s r machinery, alone th g chosen course throug e staginth h g area.

Following the staging and analysis, the material destined for ultimate disposal shal e b loadel d e ontprepareth o d truck r transportfo s , These trucks will be loaded with a front-end loader In the staging area, sealed and decontaminated as described elsewhere In this report. Ultimately, the staging area liner will also be removed and disposed at a landfill facility as an Independent load.

7,6 Transport of Contaminated Soils

Materials excavated from Drum Storag i etha d Areatan requir1 s e ultimate disposal shall be disposed at a Pennsylvania Title 25 landfill with an approved^ Module No. 1 for this type of soil and associated contaminant levelsa RCR r Ao ,approve d Hazardous Waste

50 O

I d

'0057 -\ Utility, If a Title 25 landfill is unavailable or Inappropriate. These materials wil e transporteb l accordanci l. d e with USEPA e U.Sth ,. I Departmen f o Transportationt e Pennsylvanith d an , a Departmenf o t Environmental Resources (PADER) regulations. This Includes haulage by a qualified transporter, who 1s licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvani compliancn I d an a e with regulation 75.26 f PADEo 3 R (see Appendix D).

Over-the-road tractor-trailer (18 wheel mln.) dump trucks will be used to transport the contaminated materials, the beds of these trucks will e lineb d with polyethylene prio o beint r g filled with material. Each : trailer will be loaded with soil and other materials to a level below exceeo t th 80,00e et th dno sideboard s 0a trailee pouno s th d f dso ran gross vehicle weight established by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. The polyethylene should be closed and sealed around the truck load when filled, and a protective tarpaulin placed over the trailer and secured. This will minimize the spread or loss of material r movementai d wino t an d e s du aroun e tructh dk during transite .Th trucks mus decontaminatee tb d prio leavino t r site th ge (see Section 6.2, Resident Health and Safety).

These vehicles will gate ente th n d leaveo Snak e sit ra an th vi ee Road d follo,an followine wth g anticipated course:

t Snake Road to north Keyser Avenue. i North Keyser Avenue Northeast to the North Scranton Expressway, i North Scranton Expresswa o Interchang t yn Interstato 7 5 . . No ee 81 • PennsylvaniInterstate th r o 1 e8 a Turnpike (State th e o Routt ) e9 ultimate destination.

This route takes the trucks through less populated sections of Taylor Borough and the City of Scranton. However, this route may be altered due to local construction activity or the selection of a disposal location wit mora h e appropriate rout f travelo e .

V30058 I'—. 7.7 Hater Treatment i i 11 The water retained 1n Ponds 1 and 2 during construction will require treatment following the excavation and staging operations before discharg disposalr o e , These waters mus testee b tr treatablHt fo d y potential prior to discharge Into a treatment plant or facility. Onslte treatment and discharge Is not practical or cost effective due e limitetth o d quantit f wate o yr potentia fo r l treatmene th d tan permitting requirement onsltn a f o se plant.

e wateTh n I thes ro pondtw e s wile b analyzel o determint d e eth contamination types and levels present based solely on the treatment facility analysis requirements. These contaminants and levels will be compared e wittreatmenth h t system contaminant Inflow leveld san s allowe e treatmeny th permib d t a t t plant(s choicef )o thesf I . e contaminant e permittear s d e e systelevelIntth th t oa ms founr o d higher, the water will be collected and sent for treatment. If the contamination levels are above those permitted, alternative disposal technique r treatabilitso y studies wil e Implementedb l .

Water in these ponds will be pumped Into a tanker of sufficient capacit o t yevacuate e minimu th ponde n th i sm numbe f tripso r e Th . tank truck shall follow the same routes and procedures as the hazardous waste transporters detailes ,a Section i d n 7.6,

7.8 General Fill Placement

o T provid e dermath e l protection froe non-volatilth m e contamination foun Drun I d m e sedimenStoragth , 2 etd Areaan underlyin 1 s g Pond1 s e Inorganith d an c, an 2 (metalsd ) contamination foun Drun i d m Storage Areas 3, 4, and 6, and to provide a firm foundation for the clay cap, a soil cover will be constructed over these areas, This material shall be a unclassified general fill from a pre-approved non-contaminated offslte source r o fro, m onslte excavationr fo s channel constructio n 'non-contaminatei n d areas e unclassifieTh . d

S3 k;'0059 "\ general fill soil shall be a structural-type fill, and shall contain particles no larger than'3 Inches In mean diameter. Trees, root, organic (humus) materials and other general debris shall be excluded from this fill.

The subgrade shall be grubbed and disced prior to fill placement to provide proper bonding between the fill and the In situ materials. Fill placement will occu maximun I r 2 Inc1 mh thick lifts d wile an ,b l a placeminimu t a d) fee m (2 Drue tthicknes th ove mo l tw al r f o s Storage Areas to provide the required Isolation potential for the site. Each 11ft shall be compacted to 90 percent of Standard Proctor and scarified prior to the placement of'the next lift.

e filTh l placement shal e Inspecteb l d controllean de Engineeth y b dr using visual technique a nuclea d an sr densimete o verift r y proper placement. Material density and optimum moisture content shall be determine r eacfo dh typ f o file l material encountered, usine th g standards set forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), specifically designation D698-78, "Moisture-Density Relations of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 5.5-lb. (2.49-kg) Rammer and 12-1n. (305-mm) Drop" .A minimue nucleaon f o mr density test shall be performe r everfo d y 10,000 square fee f filto l place 11fta n 1 d.

.. ?0060 54 0 NON-HAZARDOU8. S SITE REMEDIATION ACTIVITIES

This sectioe reporth f no t detail constructioe th s n related aspecte th f so second phase of the remediation process, those associated with non-hazardous conditions.at the site. These features, to be Implemented as part of the closure of all the Drum Storage Areas, are Intended to produce an effective, long term soil cover over these areas which will effectively reduce the potential for dermal contact e witcontaminatioth h n remainine soith l n structure1 g s ,a required by the Record of Decision, As part of this phase of the work, selected permanent erosion control measures will be constructed and Implemented In these areas. These measure e Identifiear s d detailean d Section I d , Erosio9 n n Control and Surface Water Management.

8.1 Temporary Erosion Control

The proposed construction activities at the site are expected to disturb large areas of the surface, Clearing and grubbing activities and equipment movements will disturb the top surface layer of the site, leavin e soith gl expose o t potentiad l erosion during storm events. To prevent the migration of soils with surface water runoff, temporary erosion control measures wil e Implementedb l .

Erosion Control In the form of silt fences or straw bales will be placed downgradlent of all construction areas not previously controlled with the temporary erosion control placed during the hazardous-related constructio nothen I phase d r an selecte, d areao t s act as a silt barrier. Amoco Propex Silt Stop, or equivalent, will be Installed 1n accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations to act e barrierth as . However e contracton th a , e y us elecma ro t t alternative material, such as straw bales, If the material has properties equal to or surpassing those of the silt fence and Is approved for use by the Engineer. Areas previously controlled that require repair will also be repaired at this time.

,?OOG1 55 These temporary erosion control measures will be maintained throughout the construction activities and until such time as the permanent erosion control measures have been Installe r establishedo d l Al . Installations wil e Inspecteb l d following each significant storm event and repaired as required. Repairs shall also be made Immediately following any damage due to construction activities, such as equipment movements. i 2 Clearin8. Grubbind an g g

Additional clearin d grubbin an e gsit th ef o gtha s 1 requirete th r fo d subsequent non-hazardous construction activitie o providt d an se proper bonding between existing soils and the soil cover to be placed 1n the selected areas wile undertakeb l t a thin s time. This activity will Include the removal and proper disposal of all vegetative material, Including brusd treesan h s a genera, l fill along wity othean h r non-hazardous materials or obstructions that may hinder the i construction activities and operations.

Clearing and grubbing shall take place in all the areas of construction e extenth o ,t require r constructiofo d n purposese Th . vegetation which provides visual barrier e sitth eo t wils e retaineb l d as much as possible, for aesthetic reasons from the surrounding properties.

3 Genera8. l Fill Placement

The placement of general fill will continue during this phase of the operations, ' as a non-hazardous activity. The previously placed two foot minimum thickness of general fill will provide sufficient Isolation from the Inorganic (metals) contamination remaining in the sitn I u soil o thas s t elevatedi i level f o spersonne l protectiot no e ar n required. This cover material shall be unclassified general fill from a pre-approved non-contaminated offsite source r o fro, m onsite IV

56 excavations for channel construction In non-contaminated area;. The unclassified general fill soils shala structural-type b l e filld an , shall contain particle o slargen r tha 3 Inchen mean i sn diameter. Trees, roots, organic (humus) material othed an s r general debris shall e excludeb d from this fille EngineeTh . r shall approv materiall al e s for use prior to placement.

The subgrade shall be grubbed and disked prior to fill placement to provide proper bonding between the fill and the In situ materials. Sufficient water wile b useo lt contro d l dust durin diskina tn g g operations, yet limited so as not to promote surface runoff. Fill placement will occu n maximuI r 2 Inc1 m h thick liftse limitth d o t ,an s grades show n o nHAR T Drawings H048-E HQ48-E7d 5an . Each lift wile b l compacted to 90 percent of standard proctor and scarified prior to the placemen nexe th t f liftto .

The fill placement shall be Inspected ind controlled by the Engineer, usin a gnuclea r densimete determino t r e proper placement. Material density and optimum moisture content shall be determined for each type of fill material encountered, using the standards set forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), specifically designation D698-78, "Moisture-Density Relation f o d Soilsan s Soil-Aggregate Mixtures Using 5,5-lb, (2.49-kg) Rammer and IMn. (305-mm) Drop" e A nucleaminimuon . f o rm density test shale b l performe r everfo d y 10,000 square fee filf to l place 11fta n I d .

6.4 Clay Cap Placement

The potential extent of excavation anticipated In the first phase of e sitth e remediation (See Section 7.5 y expos}ma e portione th f o s landfUled refuse and alter the existing state of conditions 1n this result a sitee s th A are .f , o a long term leachate generation could possibly occur followin e closurth g e activities generaln I . , when 1andf1lled material e exposedar s e areth ,a shoul properle b d y repaired to prevent leachate production. This repair would Include the placemen d propean t r anchorin a cla ovep beyond f yca o g ran e dth exposed area;, w300G3 The clay cap shall have a maximum permeability of 1 x 10"? cm/sec to minimiz e Infiltratioth e f surfaco n e water Inte refuseth o . Clays a , classifie e Uniteth y b dd Soil Classification System (USCS), shale b l e grade placeth d exten an o st dt show n o HARn T Drawin . H048-E6No g . Placement shall be in maximum 8 Inch thick lifts, to the required 24 Inches shown on the drawings, with particles larger than 3 Inches In mean diameter being excluded fille froe compactIvth Th m . e effort required wile determineb l d following laboratory compactiod an n trlaxlal permeability testin n accordancI g e with ASTH standardsd an , verifie t constructioa d y fielb n d compaction testing with,a nuclear densimeter, visual observation, and selective sampling for laboratory permeability analysis. A minimum of one nuclear density test shall be performe r everfo d y 5,000 square fee f filo t l placemen lifta n d 1 tan , ) samplea(1 minimue son shalf o m takee b lr trlaxla fo n l permeability analysi r everfo s y 5000 cubic yard f filso l placed.

58 .. '0064 9.0 EROSION CONTROL AND SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT

Erosion control and surface water management features for this site were designed 1n accordance with the requirements of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Departmen f o Environmentat l Resources, Burea f Solio u d Haste Management t fort se Titly b hs Rule, a e25 d Regulations san , Chapte Genera, r75 l Standard r Sanitarfo s y Landfills, Chapter 102, Water Resources Soie th l d an , Erosion and Sedimentation Control Manual of the Pennsylvania Soil Conservation ' Service l calculationAl . o t suppors t this management plae Includear n n I d Appendix E.

The plans major features (diversions and conduit) were designed to meet or exceed the minimum requirement of 2.75 cfs/acre of tributary watershed. Because the areas of disturbance are less than 25 acres, other requirements such as sediment basins are not required,

e completeTh d closure plan will cove n area rf approximately_18_acceio a , and have a contributing watershed of approximately 3fl.s acres, stormwater runoff wil e collecteb l a tota f fouy ) o b lchannel(4 dr d diversionsan s d an , routed to natural waterways near the site. The details of the channels/diversion e th condui d an t s along with topsoll placemend an t revegetatlon, are presented In the following sections.

9.1 Hydrology

e regulationth e f f Stato Chapteo th f Titlo e5 2 f 2 o 10 es r Pennsylvania require the preparation of an erosion and sediment control plan for any earthmovlng activity which disturbs more than 25 acres of contiguous lands. Persuant of this, sediment basins, diversions, and channels of conveyance must be constructed to control e erosioth n fro wora m k site.

The construction work proposed for the Taylor Borough site will disturb 1.4 area1 ,1, l15.5d acrean r Dru, fo sm Storaged Areaan 1 s 2/Ponds 1 and 2, Drum Storage Areas 3 and 6, and Drum Storage Area 4,

59 ..'GOGS respectively. In addition to the disturbed areas, upgradlent areas wile b Interceptel e Surfacth y b ed Water Management channels, contributing to a total controlled watershed of 38.5 acres for the project.

Because the combined disturbed area Is less than 25 acres, erosion and sedimentation control e t featureb e worrequire no th o t ke r ar sfo d performed at the site, However, as good engineering practice, Surface Mater Management and Erosion Control features have been Included In the projec o confort m with specific standard t fort se Chapten I hs a s r 102. This Includes the design of channels of conveyance to meet the 2.75 CFS/Acr f tributaro e y watershe grasf o d e srequiremenus e th d an t and riprap linings In accordance with State recommendations.

9.2 Channels/Diversions

Aresula s HART'f to s hydrologl d hydraulian c c evaluatio sitee th ,f o n e surfacth e water managemenI t plan Includes fou) diversion(4 r s along the eastern boundary of the areas of Interest to control surface runoff and convey the water to the natural streams. The plan locatione diversionth f o e spresente ar s Drawingn o d s H048-Ed 6an H04B-E7. Typical construction sections and design schedules for the diversions are presented on Drawings H048-E12.

Diversions 1 and 2 control the flow from the region of Drum Storage Areas 1, Z, and 3 and Ponds 1 and 2, and convey this flow to St. John's Creek. Channel 1 flows through a proposed conduit under the site access road. Diversions 3 and 4 control the flow from the region f Druo m Storag d convee an e Areflo, th y6 aw throug n existina h " 30 g diameter CMP conduit under Snake Road to Lucky Run.

All diversion berms will be constructed from compacted suitable fill material on the final surfaces. The placement and grading of the final cover shoul e b planned o s thao excavatiodn t f in-placo n e material (native or refuse) Is required 1f field changes occur. . ifr

60 ?OOG6 9.3 Culvert

t e surfacTh e water management plan requires tha . conduia t e placeb t d unde e sitrth e access roa properlo t d y conve floe th yf wChanneo 1 l and prevent ponding which has occurred In the past due to the access road location " diamete30 A . r bituminous coated corrugated metal pipe (BCCMP) will be Installed at the location show on Drawing H048-E5 and as detaile Drawinn o d g H048-E13.

e InstallatioTh f o thin s conduit require e constructioth s o tw f o n headwall r flofo s w contro shows a ln Drawin o n g H048-E13, Irashracks have also been e provideconduith f o o t t eac a reducdd en e h th e potentia r conduifo l t r blockagsafetfo d yan ereason preveno st t unwanted entrance Into the conduit.

9.4 Topsoll Placement

The most critical component of permanent site erosion protection for e Tayloth r Borough Landfil e final th Sits lI e surface treatmend an t revegetatlon. The revegetatlon program proposed for this final closure s plabeeha n prepared witt technologar h e th stats a yf eo developed through research at Rutgers University, which Is presented In the EPA publication "Standardized Procedures for Planting Vegetation on Completed Sanitary Landfills". In general, with proper slope preparation and vegetation practices, the final vegetated slope is the single most Important factor In reducing erosion at the site. Establishment of permanent vegetation requires a growth medium both physicall d chemicallan y y capabl f o supportine g plant growth and, proper selectio d plantinnan compatiblf o g e grass specie legumesd san .

e topsoif o Th suc e a b hqualit l y suc hn sustai ca tha t i densa tn e stan, K f vegetation, o dP , Ca e soi Th , l .Mg wil , e b testelpH r fo d N03, NH4 , ,particl Mn conductivity, Zn e, Fe siz , e distributionCu , , bulk density, and organic matter, Four to five samples should be collecte r acrepe d . Soil tests shoul e e b performeth d y b d

?OOG. 7 1 6 Pennsylvania State Agricultural Experiment Station to Indicate whether amendments -and/or conditioning Is required for acceptable seed germination and growth. These amendments should be applied according to soil test recommendations and mixed Into the topsoll prior to Seeding.

Following topsoll selection and required conditioning, the topsoll will be placed and spread at the full depth In one 11ft and compacted 1n-place using crawler-type equipment. A minimum thickness of six (6) Inche f topsolso l shal spreae b l d ove e finarth le limit coveth o t sr shown on the drawings,

5 Seedbe9. d Preparation

e e b revegetateare Th o t a d shall hav a seedbee d prepare mannea n 1 dr so as to:

1. Provide adequate soil/seed contact 1n order to enhance seed germination.

2. Enhance plant root penetration and developments.

. 3 Retard soil erosion.

4. Improve water availability within the root zone.

Seedbed preparation shall be accomplished, where accessible, by using sprlngtooth harrows, tandem discs r otheo , r secondary agricultural tillage equipment n whicca satisf he seedbeth y d preparation requirements. Topsoll materials shall be worked to a depth of three to six Inches over the area with this equipment when sufficiently dry to avoid clodding and excessive compaction. Excessively compacted layers of topsoll will be avoided, as much as practical, by mixing organic matter with the soil before It Is spread, spreading only when moisture content is acceptable, and by using earth-moving machinery other than a scraper. If several different soils will be used In the 62 , POOG8 ' '•- topsoll material, they should be mixed together and spread as a unit, I not In separate layers. Spreading soil In at full depth will promote 11 less overall compaction, Increases water movement, and better root growth than spreading In several thin layers. Seedbed preparations s,hall take place In as short a time as possible prior to seeding In order to minimize the time that the prepared seedbed 1s allowed to remain subject Co water and wind erosion without vegetation protection. Refe Tablr recommendeo rt fo 1 e d seeding periods.

evene Ith n t that seeding cannot occur Immediately upon completiof no diversio d covean n r construction e prepareth , d areas shale b l temporarily stabilized with mulch unti e appropriatth l e seeding time.

9.6 Seeding and Mulching

Seeding - Suggested seeding mixtures for permanent vegetative cover Is presented In Table 1. If hydroseedlng Is utilized, fertilizer and lime may be Included with the seed In the slurry mixture, at the rates specified above. Hydroseeded soi e b compactel t musno t d during spreading and must be very friable at seeding time. Seed will germinate beneath the mulch on hard, compacted soil, but the roots will not penetrate the surface soil and succumb to drought.

Seeding will be performed only during the optimum seeding periods of February 15 to May 1 or August 15 to October 15. If seeding cannot occur during these periods, disturb areas wile b temporarill y stabilized with anchored mulch.

Mulchin Mulc- g h wil e placeb l d Immediately after seeding o promott , e the vegetative growth and stabilize the surface. Mulch will consist f eitheo r unrotte r smalo y l ha n grain straw spread uniforml a rat t ea y ton3 acrr anchored o pe st an e 2 1/ d2 Immediatelf o y after placement. Mulch anchoring will consist of liquid mulch binder or netting

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