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(Trouessart) and D. Farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: a Comparative Study

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(Trouessart) and D. Farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) Sensitivity in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: a Comparative Study Systematic & Applied Acarology 23(2): 404–404 (2018) ISSN 1362-1971 (print); http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.17 ISSN 2056-6069 (online) Erratum Correction: Evaluation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) and D. farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) sensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis: a comparative study ERHAN ZEYTUN1*, SALİH DOĞAN1, EDHEM ÜNVER2 & FATİH ÖZÇİÇEK3 1 Department of Biology, Arts & Sciences Faculty, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey 2 Department of Chest Disease, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey * Corresponding author: [email protected] The authors are sorry that they made a mistake in spelling the family name of the first author on line 4 of page 206 in Zeytun et al. (2018): EYTUN should be ZEYTUN. This type error is evident in the paper itself because the running title in the footer of page 207 has the correct name: “ZEYTUN ET AL.: SENSITIVITY TO HDMS IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS”. Reference Zeytun1, E., Doğan, S., Ünver, E. & Özçiçek, F. (2018) Evaluation of Dermatophagoides pteronys- sinus (Trouessart) and D. farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) sensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis: a comparative study. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23(2), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.2 Published: 22 Feb. 2018 1. Not “Eytun” 404 © Systematic & Applied Acarology Society Systematic & Applied Acarology 23(2): 206–215 (2018) ISSN 1362-1971 (print) http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.2 ISSN 2056-6069 (online) Article Evaluation of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) and D. farinae Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) sensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis: a comparative study ERHAN EYTUN1*, SALİH DOĞAN1, EDHEM ÜNVER2 & FATİH ÖZÇİÇEK3 1 Department of Biology, Arts & Sciences Faculty, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey 2 Department of Chest Disease, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) and D. farinae Hughes with skin prick tests (SPT) and serologic tests in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and to specifically search for those mites in homes of patients. A total of 51 participants, (23 patients and 28 controls) were utilized. Skin-prick tests with D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae allergens were performed on all participants, and serum levels of allergen-specific lgE and total IgE were also measured. Dust samples were collected from homes of all participants and examined under a stereo microscope. 977 D. pteronyssinus (mean 44.4/g) and 24 D. farinae (mean 4.0/g) were isolated from the homes of patients, whereas 35 D. pteronyssinus (mean 4.4/g), and four D. farinae (mean 2.0/g) were isolated from the homes of the controls. Patients with D. pteronyssinus in their homes had 95.5% sensitivity to the species according to SPT and 27.3 according to IgE. Patients with D. farinae in their homes had 83.3% sensitivity to the species according to SPT, and 50% according to IgE. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus sensitivity in the controls was detected as 12.5% according to SPT; however, D. farinae sensitivity was not detected according to both SPT and mite-specific IgE. Differences between patients and controls utilizing SPT results was statistically significant, but not when using mite-specific IgE results. As a result, it was determined that patients with AR in Erzincan province were sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and that their homes contained those species. It may be helpful to consider these findings in clinical assessment of patients with AR, and also in treatment utilizing immunotherapy techniques. Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, allergens, Dermatophagoides, house dust mite, immunotherapy Introduction House dust mites (HDMs) are microscopic arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida, superorder Acariformes (Zhang et al. 2011). The term “house dust mite” is usually used for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart), D. farinae Hughes, and Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman) living in house dust and belonging to the family Pyroglyphidae (Spieksma 1997; Colloff 2009; Aykut et al. 2013a, 2016; Zeytun et al. 2017). The main biotopes of HDMs are mattresses, pillows, carpets, fabric- covered furniture, velvet curtains, and fuzzy toys (Somorin et al. 1978; Colloff 2009). The primary nutritional sources for mites are skin scales rich in proteins and lipids and the microorganisms living on skin (Colloff 2009). They are known to play a role in etiology of some allergic diseases, namely allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis (Bousquet et al. 2008; Colloff 2009). Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an upper respiratory tract disease that develops through specific IgE as a result of exposure of the nasal mucosa to allergens (Bousquet et al. 2008). Although not fatal, this 206 © Systematic & Applied Acarology Society disease decreases quality of life, causes considerable loss of schooling and working, and is a burden to the community both socially and economically. Its prevalence varies from country to country depending on the respiratory-allergen load. Allergens include plant pollens, fungi, occupational allergens, and HDMs. The most common and effective HDM allergens are Der p, from D. pteronyssinus exposure and Der f, from D. farinae exposure. The allergenic features of HDMs are caused by their feces and their body tissues (Colloff 2009; Calderon et al. 2015; Vidal-Quist et al. 2015). Over time, mite feces and body-tissue residues from their fragmentation after death accumulate in carpets, fabric-covered furniture, fuzzy toys, mattresses, and pillows. These allergens remaining suspend in air for a time and mix with air taken into the respiratory track, thereby stimulating immune-system elements (Bousquet et al. 2008). Many studies have been performed worldwide on the distribution and determination of HDM species, allergen types and levels, and their relationship to several allergic diseases. In a previous study, Zeytun et al. (2017) investigated the sensitivity to HDMs in allergic asthmatic patients; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that specifically searched for mites in the homes of patients with AR and also evaluated skin and serologic test outcomes. The present study was conducted to determine the sensitivity to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae utilizing skin and serologic tests in patients with AR, and to search for mites in their homes. Such studies are important for a better understanding of the role HDMs play in the allergic rhinitis etiology. Material and Method Invstigations were conducted between January 2014 and June 2014 in Erzincan, Turkey, a province that has approximately 100,000 inhabitants, an elevation of 1,185m above sea level, and a continental climate. The study group included 23 patients examined at the Clinics of Otolaryngology and Chest Diseases at the Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital and diagnosed with AR according to ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) criteria (Bousquet et al 2008). Twenty-eight healthy people without allergic rhinitis symptoms such as sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, itching of nose and throat, and ear and eye symptoms (e.g. in the form of redness, watering and itching) in the clinical examination were selected as the control group. The study was approved by the Erzincan University Ethics Committee (Decision №: 2014-02/06), and all participants signed informed consent forms prepared in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. All participants were subjected to skin prick tests for the determination of sensitivity to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, and their serum levels for allergen-specific lgE and total IgE were measured. Der p and Der f solutions (Lofarma; Milano, Italy) were used as the HDM allergens in the SPT, and the evaluation was done after 15 minutes. Indurations of 3 mm or greater were considered positive. Levels of allergen-specific IgE were measured with the immunoblot method, while the total IgE level was determined by the CLIA (Chemi Luminescence Immuno Assay) method. Specific IgE levels of ≥ 0.35 kUA/L and total IgE values of ≥ 87 U/mL were considered positive. Methods for the collection of dust samples, and the extraction, preparation and identification of mite specimens follow the method used by Zeytun et al. (2016, 2017). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences; Chicago, IL, USA). The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check for normal distribution of variables. A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare non-normally distributed variables between the groups. Pearson correlation test was used to correlate mite density and IgE levels. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. A probability value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. 2018 ZEYTUN ET AL.: SENSITIVITY TO HDMS IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS 207 Results Twenty-three patients (median age 32, min. age 16, max. age 60; 17 females and six males) and 28 controls (median age 25, min. age 17, max. age 69; 10 females and 18 males) were included in the study (Table 1). TABLE 1. Demographic characteristics of the patients and controls. Patients Controls P value Age (Years) 32 (16–60) 25 (17–69) >0.05 a Median (min – max)] Sex <0.05 b Female 17 (73.9%) 10 (35.7%) Male 6 (26.1%) 18 (64.3%) min: minimum, max: maximum a Mann Whitney-U test b Chi square test Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus positivity of patients and controls was detected as 91.3% and 39.3% respectively, according to the SPT results, and the differences between groups was found statistically significant (p<0.001). Dermatophagoides farinae positivity was found in 43.5% of patients and 25% of controls, but no significant difference was found between the groups. According to the mite-specific IgE results, 30.4% of patients had D. pteronyssinus-specific IgE positivity (p=0.002), and 34.8% had D.
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