Differentiating Dengue from Rickettsia

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Learn More Dengue Clinical Case Management E-learning Differentiating Dengue from Rickettsia Event Spotted Fever Group Typhus Group Ehrlichia/Anaplasma Rickettsia Rickettsia Rocky Mountain spotted Murine typhus Ehrlichiosis fever (RMSF) Rickettsia typhi Ehrlichia spp. Disease and Rickettsia rickettsii Agent African Tick Bite Fever Epidemic typhus Anaplasmosis (ATBF) Rickettsia prowazekii Anaplasma phagocytophilum Rickettsia africae Tick bite • Murine–fleas Tick bite Transmission • Epidemic- human body lice 2–21 days 10–14 days 2–14 days Incubation • Maculopapular rash in • Maculopapular rash in • Organism in white blood 80% of RMSF cases 20%–60% of murine cells and often causes Differentiating • Eschars are common in and epidemic typhus leukopenia Features ATBF; may also have cases • Maculopapular rash in maculopapular rash • Cough and stupor about 30% of ehrlichiosis more common with cases; rash is rare in epidemic typhus anaplasmosis • ARDS, DIC, multisystem • Both diseases can be • Mental status changes, organ failure, and digital severe and fatal with neurological impairment, necrosis with RMSF, Case respiratory distress, and organ failure fatality of 20%–80% and organ failure especially in among untreated cases. • Case fatality rates in immunocompromised Complications • Rare complications of untreated epidemic patients peripheral neuropathy typhus cases can be • Ehrlichiosis is more likely and myocarditis in ATBF as high as 30%, while to be fatal than cases; ATBF is usually usually < 5% with anaplasmosis, but case self-limited murine typhus fatality rates < 5% for both Paired serum indirect Paired serum IFA for IgG PCR in acute whole blood immunofluorescence assay Diagnosis ¹ (IFA) for IgG Skin biopsy of rash Skin biopsy of rash Paired serum IFA for IgG Treatment (for Doxycycline Doxycycline Doxycycline adults and children of all ages) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases .

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Anaplasma Species of Veterinary Importance in Japan
Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 REVIEW ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.9/November-2016/4.pdf Open Access Anaplasma species of veterinary importance in Japan Adrian Patalinghug Ybañez1 and Hisashi Inokuma2 1. Biology and Environmental Studies Program, Sciences Cluster, University of the Philippines Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City 6000, Philippines; 2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Inada Cho, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. Corresponding author: Adrian Patalinghug Ybañez, e-mail: [email protected], HI: [email protected] Received: 14-06-2016, Accepted: 28-09-2016, Published online: 04-11-2016 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1190-1196 How to cite this article: Ybañez AP, Inokuma H (2016) Anaplasma species of veterinary importance in Japan, Veterinary World, 9(11): 1190-1196. Abstract Anaplasma species of the family Anaplasmataceae, order Rickettsiales are tick-borne organisms that can cause disease in animals and humans. In Japan, all recognized species of Anaplasma (except for Anaplasma ovis) and a potentially novel Anaplasma sp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported. Most of these detected tick- borne pathogens are believed to be lowly pathogenic in animals in Japan although the zoonotic A. phagocytophilum has recently been reported to cause clinical signs in a dog and in humans. This review documents the studies and reports about Anaplasma spp. in Japan. Keywords: Anaplasma spp., Japan, tick-borne pathogen. Introduction A. phagocytophilum sequences [10-15]. Phylogenetic Anaplasma species are Gram-negative, obligate inferences have suggested that 2 clades exist within intracellular bacteria of the order Rickettsiales, fam- the genus Anaplasma: (1) Erythrocytic (A.
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(Scrub Typhus). Incubation Period 1 to 3
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Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis Are Tick-Borne Diseases Caused by Obligate Anaplasmosis: Intracellular Bacteria in the Genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
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