International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume3, Issue 1, August 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509
Wind Resource Assessment for nine locations in Oman using weather data
Hussein A Kazem, Miqdam T Chaichan, Ali H A Al-Waeli, Jabar H. Yousif, Karrar H A Al-Waeli
Abstract— the wind can be used to rotate wind turbines and Renewable energy provides a clean, environmentally friendly, generate electrical energy, in a clean and environment-friendly and alternative health unlike powers generated from the form. The wind energy characteristic varies from region to burning of fossil fuels and nuclear power [6]. Alternative another. It is important to select the suitable site to install wind energies can be used to reduce dependence on fossil fuels on turbine and farm, which is called sitting, where the average wind producing electricity [7]. Wind power is a clean energy that speed must be measured and evaluated for an extended period. does not generate any pollutants. Wind power can contribute Oman has a great topographic diversity, with the mountains, to meeting the needs of electricity, and are significantly hills, valleys, plains, land and water. In this study, the wind resource assessment of nine selected Omani cities was conducted. assisted by its priority on several levels, such as climate The mean wind speed was measured in plain cities like Adam, Al- change, national energy security, and environmental Amerat, and Sohar, hills cities such as Mudhaibi, Bahla, Nizwa, sustainability [8]. Improve the energy situation of any country and Samail. Also, two mountain locations were measured, Jabal means getting the best economic growth. The wind turbine is a Shams and Saiq. rapidly growing technology and its promises to take a Different criteria were considered, including wind profile, significant portion of the production of energy resources and probability density, wind speed variation, and estimation of wind techniques in the world in the future [9]. power. It is found that, for suitable wind speed that can be used Wind power can play a fundamental role in the near future. It to generate electricity, there are four suitable locations: Adam, could provide more than 40 times the global annual electricity Al-Mudhebi, Jebel Shams, and Nizwa cities. The results of the consumption if all its resources in the world advantage were available power at 10 m height above ground showed that Adam, Al-Mudhebi, Jabal Shams, and Nizwa are suitable locations to taken into account. The generation of electricity from wind employ wind power to generate electricity. energy continues to increase and the average annual rate of about 30% around the world over the past decade [10] The Wind can be felt anywhere in the world, but the wind Index Terms— wind speed; wind power potential; topographic speed varies from one place to another, and from one minute diversity; wind resource assessment. to another [11]. In order to enable the researchers to evaluate wind resources given to one particular site, one must I. INTRODUCTION determine wind speed and frequency [12, 13]. Also, the possibility of producing electric power from them must be limate change effects the entire globe; it is a realistic determined [14]. The wind speed in many areas may be result of human activities of the past two centuries [1]. suitable to produce electricity using wind turbines, especially CThe CO2 concentrations have doubled with an amount 44 in remote locations from the power grid [15]. % during the period from 1971 to 2010 as a result of the emitted pollutants from the energy production sector [2 & 3]. The electricity consumption at the individual level or the II. LITERATURE SURVEY community is steadily increasing in an elevated figure, in Several studies were conducted on the wind energy resource particular, in developing countries [4]. Despite this upsurge assessment [16]-[25]. Mentis [16] studied wind energy across consumption, a significant proportion of up to about 25% of the African continent, so as to provide the theory and the areas of these countries are deprived of the national grid technique estimations about the geographical basis for every [5]. state and the available possibilities for the use of wind energy technology and potential. The study developed maps for wind energy potential at the height of 80 meters from the surface of Corresponding Author: Dr. Hussein A Kazem, Associate Professor, the land, which is suitable for long axes of modern wind Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sultanate of Oman. E-mail: turbines. The study also developed criteria to determine wind [email protected] farms and related social, economic, and geographic Miqdam T Chaichan, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. E- restrictions. mail: [email protected] Ali H A Al-Waeli, Solar Energy Research Institute, UKM, Malaysia. Bilal [17] assessed the feasibility of generating electricity E-mail: [email protected] from the wind in five locations along the northwest coast of Jabar H. Yousif, Assistant Professor Faculty of Computing and Senegal. The study evaluated the power generation using Information Technology, Sohar University, Sultanate of Oman. E- fifteen types of wind turbines available in the market to mail: [email protected] choose the appropriate technique. The study analyzed the wind Karrar H A Al-Waeli, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, specifications and the potential for electricity, using wind Sultanate of Oman. E-mail: [email protected] speed data collected for one year for each site. The study was 185
International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume3, Issue 1, August 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509 conducted on wind speed at heights of 12 m and 7 m above the Ras Alhad possess high wind speeds that are sufficient for the ground. The results showed that the average wind speed found potential of power generation. Besides, the Qayroon Hyriti is was between 4.49 m/s (at 12:00 from the top) and 3.10 m/s (at the most appropriate location between the twenty-nine studied 19:00 from the top) and the resulting energy of these velocities sites to generate electricity from the wind. density is between 91.65 W/m2 and 30.05 W/m2 respectively. The Directorate General of Civil Aviation & Meteorology Ghitas [18] studied statistical data, of wind speed for two (DGCAM) [21] studied the wind energy resources in Oman. years, of the city of Helwan, in Cairo, Egypt. The study aimed Hourly wind speed data for twenty-one stations in 2005 has to assess the energy resources of this region. Measurements been used in this study. The wind speed has been measured at were conducted by using a weather station installed over the 10 m height and predictable at 80 m above ground level to building in Helwan and was compared to meteorological data. represent a hub height of a modern large wind turbine as This study objective is to detect the possibility of using wind shown in Fig. 2. The highest wind speeds for four stations energy technology to produce electricity on a large scale. The were identified and the energy content is shown in Fig. 3. The study showed that wind energy potential along the southern power is specified as kWh per year through a vertical area of desert of Helwan / Cairo-Egypt is a very promising potential one m2, kWh/year/m2. The maximum expected energy is at to provide high-density wind power ranging from 122-254 Thumrat with around 4.5 kWh/m2/year. W/m2 at an altitude of 15 m above the ground. Wind energy sources assessment in Oman have been investigated widely [19] as shown in Figure 1, and it is found that wind power represents a promising source for electricity generation, in particular on the southern parts and coastal of Oman. Suleiman [19] analyzed wind data from four stations in Oman at a height equal to (18 m) above sea level. The researchers used the Weibull distribution function in their study that aimed to calculate the average wind speed and the variation in the general distribution. The study showed that the overall wind speed was higher during the summer months, specifically the Figure 2. Annual mean wind speed at 10 m and at 80 m above ground level at five meteorological stations months of June, July, and August, and less during the winter season in October and November. Also, the average monthly wind power density ranges from 9.71 W/m2 to 520.85 W/m2. The study showed that the regions of Sour and Masirah have real potential for wind energy.
Figure 3. Energy content in the wind at 80 m above ground level at five meteorological stations in Oman
The study aims to determine the possibility of the use of appropriate sites and wind resources based on some selection criteria. The choice based on general estimates, the geographical and technical potential for wind power in each of these locations to determine wind farms to promote greater participation rate of wind energy in Oman's energy system. Figure 1. The CoE of wind energy systems for 25 locations in Oman
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS Yahya [20] analyzed the data for twenty-nine weather stations for the wind speed of five years. The study aimed to identify The current study was based on data supplied by the Omani the possible sites for wind energy applications in Oman. The Meteorological Organization. The wind turbine system is 3– paper examined the different parameters such as the theory phase wind turbine with the power of 1.8 MW, which is taken wind speed and the energy density to determine the site's as simulation example, where it is connected to the grid potential. Also, the study showed the seasonal wind movement through a controller. The turbine meter was installed at the approach for different seasons. Finally, it classified the height of 50 m in the studied areas. A standard weather station possible locations based on the factors mentioned above. The type WS-STD1 comprises nine sensors (global solar radiation, study clarified that Qayroon Hyriti, Thumrait, Masirah and reflected solar radiation, rain, wind speed and direction, solar 186
International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, Volume3, Issue 1, August 2017, ISSN: 2399-4509 energy, air temperature, ambient temperature, air pressure, and The probability of wind speed can be calculated by cumulative RH), with 2m mast, canopy and accessories have been used. distribution function C(v), which is given by the following Wind speed and direction has been recorded using WS-STD1. equation k v IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE SITES AND DATA COLLECTED C(v) 1 exp (2) c Nine separate locations in Oman were selected; some of it is located on the Arabian Sea coast as Sohar city, others including those located inland far from the sea as Nizwa city. Equation (2) can be linearized as follows: Also, the elevations from sea level were varied from location (3) to another. These cities were selected on the basis that the lnln1C(v) k ln(v) k ln(c) evaluation of the wind resources for it are not available till today. Table 1 shows the areas studied locations based on By plotting the right-hand side of equation (3) with ln(v), latitude and longitude. Fig. 4 represents Oman map with the Weibull could be obtain. studied location on it. VI. THE ESTIMATION OF WIND POWER Table 1, characteristics of the studied zones Site Latitude Longitude Elevation In this article, the estimation of wind power used the Adam 22.3865° N 57.5250° E 0 m procedure illustrated in References [23 & 24]. The specific Al-Amerat 23° 30' 2" N 58° 28' 50" E 105 m uncorrected power is equal to:
Al-Mudhebi 22° 30' 42" N 58° 7' 29" E 378m 1 푃 = 휌 푉3 ( 4 ) Jabal Shams 23.2376° N 57.2649° E 3028 m 푤푖푛푑 2 Nizwa 22° 65' N 57° 32' E 511 m Samail 23.2969° N 57.9731° E 414 m Where P is power in watts, 휌 = air density (about 1.225 kg/m3 Sohar 24.3643° N 56.7468° E 5 m at sea level, less high up) and 푉 is the wind speed in m/s. Bahla 22.97° N 57.30° E 578m The corresponding monthly air density is: Saiq 23 04 28.33 N 57 38 46.63 E 1986 m 푃̅ 휌̅ = ( 5 ) 푅푑푇̅
V. THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION Then, the corrected available wind power at 10 m height is: Weibull distribution function used to describe the wind speed variation since it gives a clear and reasonable representation of 1 3 푃10 = 휌̅ 푉 ( 6 ) the observed wind speed data in the upper air and at the 2 surface [22]. The mathematical expression of the Weibull The annual value of the corrected wind power (P10) is always distribution function is: less than the uncorrected wind energy (Pwind). This difference k1 k k v v in these values is necessary to determine the cost and size of f (v) exp k>0, c>0 (1) the wind system to be adopted. Ref. [23] put a linear relation c c c fit, which is:
Where c is a scale parameter in m/s, k is a dimensionless 푃10 = 푃푤푖푛푑 − 0.05414 ( 7 ) shape factor (location specified), v is the wind speed in m/s.
1 3 P .A.C V .N .N ( 8 ) 2 p g b
Where A is rotor swept area, exposed to the wind (m2), Cp = Coefficient of performance (0.59 {Betz limit} is the maximum theoretically possible, 0.35 for a good design), Ng is generator efficiency, and Nb is gearbox/bearings efficiency (depends, could be as high as 95% if good) [25]. It is worth mentioning that when no information on the variation of wind speed with height above ground is available, one can use the scaling formula
1/7 h V (h) V (h ) (9) o h o
The output power of wind turbine is a function of wind speed Figure 4. Oman wind map with the nine locations specified on it [27] as shown in Figure 2.
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From Figure 5, the wind turbine characteristic can be seen from the figure, high wind speed passed on Adam city described as follows: during Jan, May, and December.
0, 푉퐶푢푡 표푢푡 < 푉 < 푉푐푢푡 푖푛 푃 , 푉 = 푉 (10) 10 { 푟푎푡푒푑 푟푎푡푒푑} Adam Al-Amerat Sohar 푐2푉 푐4푉 푃 = 푐1푒 + 푐3푒 , 푉푐푢푡 푖푛 < 푉 < 푉푟푎푡푒푑 8
Curve fitting tool could be used to calculate the coefficients, 6 c1 - c4. Curve fitting tools could be used to calculate the 4 coefficients, c1 - c4. However, in an iterative loop with a
small step, this model is not suitable to use. Therefore, the 2 Mean(m/s) speed wind output energy of a wind turbine is evaluated using the wind 0 kinetic energy, in this research work. The amount of wind power which hits the wind turbine's blades defines the wind Months turbine output energy. Figure 6a, mean wind speed for locations with altitude less than 100 m above sea level, in Oman during the tested period.
8 Al-Mudhebi Bahla
6
4
2
Mean(m/s) speed wind 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months
Figure 5. A wind turbine characteristic [25] Figure 6b, mean wind speed for locations with altitude between 100-600 m above sea level, in Oman during the tested period.
The output energy of wind turbine (퐸푊) is then calculated as follows: In cities located on the hills, the wind speed increased. Also, its frequency increased up and down as Fig. 6b declares. The measurements have shown that Al-Mudhebi and Nizwa cities 퐸 = 24푃 휂 ( 11 ) 푊 푊 푊 have an average wind speed above 5 m/s, which makes it
suitable for the production of electricity using this kind of Where, energy. Fig. 6c shows the wind speed for a complete year in 휂 is the conversion efficiency of a wind turbine. 푊 the mountainous cities. The measurements results from the town of Jebel Shams manifested very suitable wind speed to VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS generate electric power. Fig. 7 shows a summary of the average wind speed during the whole year for the studied A. WIND ASSESSMENT cities. The towns of Adam, Al-Mudhebi, Jebel Shams, and Nizwa are suitable areas for the deployment of wind turbines In this article, the selected regions were divided into three to generate electrical energy. zones depending on its height. The first area represents plains which its height does not exceed 100 m above sea level. The second area, which represents the hills, has altitudes of 100 to 600 meters above sea level. The third region includes the cities 10 Jabal Shams Saiq which their height increases of 600 m, those areas were 8 considered as mountainous regions. The Figures from 6a, 6b, and 6c show the mean wind speed 6 for the studied areas for the period of one year (1 Jan to 31 4 Dec-2015). Fig. 6a demonstrates that variable movement of the wind in the plain areas, in general, the average wind speed 2 throughout the year, not up to 5 m/s in the cities of Al-Amerat Mean(m/s) speed wind 0 and Sohar. As for the town of Adam, the average wind speed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 exceeds this rate, which means that it is suitable for the use of Months Figure 6c, mean wind speed for locations with altitudes that exceeds 600 m wind power to generate electricity for this city. As it can be above sea level, in Oman during the tested period.
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250 Jabal Shams Saiq m m
10 10 200
) 2 150
100
height (W/m height 50 Available power at Availablepower 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months
Figure 8c, the available power at 10 m height from ground for locations with altitudes that exceeds 600 m above sea level, for one year Figure 7, mean wind speed for the studied areas during the tested period. The Figures 8a, 8b, and 8c represent the available power at 10 m height from the ground for the studied cities. Fig. 8a shows the power for the plain towns; it appears here that the Adam city is very suitable for the use of wind energy in electricity production. Fig. 8b indicates the available power for the hills cities. Al-Mudhebi city is suitable for electricity power generation, as well as for the town of Nizwa with lesser productive capacity. Figure 8c shows that the mountain town of Jebel Shams can produce winds electricity power, and even the Saiq city could generate wind electricity but with minimal limits. The production of electricity from the wind in isolated mountain towns will make them independent of the national grid and reduces construction and maintenance costs.
Figure 9, the average available power at 10 m height from ground for the studied locations during one year 500 Adam Al-Amerat Sohar
m m
10 10 400 Fig. 9 summarizes the results as mentioned earlier. The Adam, ) 2 Al-Mudhebi, and Jabal Shams are well suited to generate 300 electricity by wind power. Nizwa comes in the second class, 200 and the results show good generation abilities. In the third class, Saiq and Sohar indicated the ability to produce height (W/m height 100 electricity by the wind was minimum limits.
Available power at Availablepower 0 Table 2 illustrates the wind specifications in the studied areas for the whole year. The results indicated high maximum wind speed sometimes which can be referred to the sea breeze and Months the mountain breeze. The maximum wind speeds are in Jabal
Shams and Sohar, while the minimum wind speeds are in Figure 8a, the available power at 10 m height from ground for locations with Sohar and Saiq. altitude less than 100 m above sea level, for one year Table 2, wind speed specifications in the studied areas during the studied period. 300 Al-Mudhebi Bahla Maximum wind Minimum wind m m The City
250 speed m/s speed m/s
10 10
) 2 200 Adam 11.61 1.59 Al-Amerat 5.80 0.56 150 Al-Mudhebi 11.92 0.71 100 Bahla 7.40 0.63 height (W/m height 50 Jabal Shams 15.92 0.89
Available power at at power Available 0 Nizwa 11.40 1.20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Samail 9.80 0.78 Months Sohar 14.40 0 Saiq 7.35 0 Figure 8b, the available power at 10 m height from ground for locations with altitude between 100-600 m above sea level, for one year 189
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B. WIND TURBINE AND POWER Table 4 Wind characteristics in Sohar
From Table 2 it is found that Jabal Shams had the highest The month Weibull maximum wind speed but the average speed is the highest in mean wind parameters Al-Amerat as shown in Table 3. However, Sohar will be taken speed (m/s) k c as an example in this part. Using equation (2) to plot the Jan 4.5 1.32 4.31 probability density concerning speed as Figure 10 shows. The Feb 5.12 1.28 3.83 Weibull representation of the annual wind speed values, k and Mar 4.87 1.42 4.95 c, are 1.73 and 6.77, respectively. As discussed in section 3, Apr 4.8 1.97 7.11 the measured wind speed has been compared to the modeled May 5.47 2.01 8.65 one as shown in Figure 10. Jun 5.47 1.98 9.12 The hypothetical example has been taken for 1.8 MW wind Jul 5.35 2.41 11.42 turbine. The power in the wind, available power density, and Aug 5.15 2.83 12.13 power delivered and efficiency has been calculated using Sep 4.92 1.71 8.16 equations in section 6 and the results shown in Table 5. It is Oct 4.24 1.21 4.17 found that the highest power delivered found in February, Nov 3.86 1.22 3.12 March, and August. However, January has the lowest energy Dec 4.42 1.34 4.29 produced. Average 4.85 1.73 6.77
Table 3 Monthly averaged wind speed (m/s) at 50 m height Mean wind speed (m/s) Adam Al- Al- Jabal Nizwa Smail Sohar Bahla Saiq
Amerat Mudhebi Shams Jan 4.17 4.30 4.26 4.28 4.17 4.34 4.50 4.47 4.36 Feb 4.45 4.83 4.62 4.75 4.45 4.87 5.12 5.03 4.73
Mar 4.25 4.65 4.46 4.53 4.25 4.62 4.87 4.80 4.51 Apr 4.13 4.63 4.47 4.42 4.13 4.50 4.80 4.75 4.40 May 5.17 5.59 5.74 5.28 5.17 5.21 5.47 5.47 5.13
Jun 5.78 5.99 6.45 5.56 5.78 5.38 5.47 5.53 5.52 Jul 6.39 6.65 7.33 5.83 6.39 5.47 5.35 5.56 5.92 Aug 5.83 6.40 6.79 5.50 5.83 5.15 5.15 5.39 5.42 Sep 5.25 5.66 6.04 5.08 5.25 4.84 4.92 5.14 5.04
Oct 3.83 4.01 4.08 3.94 3.83 3.98 4.24 4.22 3.95 Nov 3.50 3.57 3.58 3.61 3.50 3.68 3.86 3.83 3.69 Dec 4.05 4.18 4.17 4.17 4.05 4.24 4.42 4.38 4.26
Average 4.73 5.04 5.17 4.75 4.73 4.69 4.85 4.88 4.74
Modelling Measurements
0.1
0.09 0.08 0.07
0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03
0.02 Probability Density Probability 0.01 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Speed (m/s)
Figure 10 Annual wind speed distribution
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Monthly, annual and parameters of wind speed Weibull Energy Sources Act Progress Report 2007 and the new German feed-in distribution for Sohar are shown in Table 4. The results legislation, Energy Policy, 2009, 37: 2536–2545. [6] Al-Maamary HMS, Kazem HA, Chaichan MT. Changing the energy indicate that the monthly scale factor is consistent and profile of the GCC States: A review, International Journal of Applied proportional to the wind speed. A clear seasonal variation has Engineering Research (IJAER), 2016, 11(3): 1980-1988. been observed from the shape factor of the Weibull [7] Kazem HA, Chaichan MT. Experimental analysis of the performance representation. However, the lowest k values found in characteristics of PEM Fuel Cells, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2016, 7(2): 49-56. October, and it continued in winter season until March. [8] Kaldellis JK, Zafirakis D. The wind energy evolution: A short review of a long history, Renew. Energy, 2011, 36: 1887–1901. Table 5 Different monthly turbine power and efficiency [9] Chaichan MT, Kazem HA, Kazem AA, Abaas KI, Al-Asadi KAH. The effect of environmental conditions on concentrated solar system in Month power in Available Power Power delivered desertec weathers, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering wind density Research, 2015, 6(5): 850-856. [10] World Wind Resource Assessment Report by the WWEA Technical Jan 0.19 0.11 0.10 Committee, World Wind Energy Association, December 2014. Feb 0.95 0.56 0.53 [11] International Energy Agency, Energy Balances of non-OECD Countries March 0.23 0.14 0.13 2014, 2014, IEA, ISBN: 9789264217072 [12] Manwell JF, McGowan JG, Rogers AL. Wind energy explained: theory, April 1.25 0.74 0.69 design and application, 2nd Edition, December 2009, ISBN: 978-0-470- May 0.41 0.24 0.23 01500-1. June 0.94 0.55 0.52 [13] Kazem HA, Al-Badi HAS, Al-Busaidi AS, Chaichan MT, Optimum design and evaluation of hybrid solar/wind/diesel power system for July 0.43 0.25 0.24 Masirah Island, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2016. Agust 1.07 0.63 0.60 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-016-9828-1 Sep. 0.38 0.22 0.21 [14] Hossain J, Sharma S, Kishore VVN. Multi-peak Gaussian fit applicability to wind speed distribution, Renewable and Sustainable Oct. 0.70 0.41 0.39 Energy Reviews, 2014, 34: 483-490. Nov 0.45 0.27 0.25 [15] Lu X, McElroy MB, and Kiviluoma J. Global potential for wind Dec 0.94 0.55 0.52 generated electricity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(27): 10933-10938. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0904101106 [16] Mentis D, Hermann S, Howells M, Welsch M, Siyal SH. Assessing the technical wind energy potential in Africa a GIS-based approach, Renewable Energy, 2015, 83: 110-125. IX. CONCLUSIONS [17] Papa BB, Ndiaye A, Kébé CMF, Sambou V, Adjallah KH, Sava A. Oman is characterized by the existence of a great variety of Wind data collection for potential analysis and electricity generation topographical areas. Some are coastal plains cities; others are case study in northwestern coast of Senegal, CIE45 Proceedings, Metz / France, 28-30 October 2015. located in hills or mountains. In this study, the wind speed of [18] Ghitas AE, Abulwfa A, and Abdel-Hadi YA. An Assessment of wind nine Omani cities was measured. The cities have been selected energy potential as a power generation source in Helwan, Journal of to clarify this topographic diversity of the country. The wind Clean Energy Technologies, 2016, 4(6): 453-456, 2016. speed has been measured in plain cities like Adam, Al- [19] Sulaiman MY, Akaak AM, Abd Wahab M, Zakaria A, Sulaiman ZA, Suradi J, Wind characteristics of Oman, Energy, 2002, 27: 35-46. Amerat, and Sohar. Also, cities located on the hills rising from [20] Al-Yahyai S, Charabi Y, Gastli A, Al-Alawi S, Assessment of wind 100 to 600 m, such as Mudhaibi, Bahla, Nizwa, and Samail energy potential locations in Oman using data from existing weather were chosen. Lastly, two mountain locations were measured, stations, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14: 1428- Jabal Shams and Saiq. 1436. [21] O. Authority for Electricity Regulation, COWI and Partners LLC, The study declared that for wind speed higher than 5 m which "Study on Renewable Energy Resources, Oman," Oman May, 2008. is suitable to be used to generate electricity, there are four [22] Shoaib M, Siddiqui I, Rehman S, Ur Rehman S, Khan S and Lashin A. suitable locations in Oman. Adam, Al-Mudhebi, Jebel Shams, Comparison of wind energy generation using the maximum entropy and Nizwa cities are suitable regions for wind turbines principle and the Weibull distribution function, Energies, 2016, 9(842): 1-8. employment to produce electricity. Besides, the results of the [23] Ahmed AS. Site potential of Egypt for wind energy applications, MSc available power at 10 m height above ground in the studied thesis, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt, 2000. locations manifested that Adam, Al-Mudhebi, Jabal Shams, [24] Wolde-Ghiorgis W. Wind energy survey in Ethiopia, Solar and Wind and Nizwa are suited to employ wind power to generate Technology, 1988, 5(4): 341–51. [25] Al-Busaidi AS, KazemHA, Al-Badi A and Khan MF. A review of electricity. Saiq and Sohar indicated a minimal ability to optimum sizing of hybrid PV–Wind renewable energy systems in Oman, produce electricity by the wind. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 2016, 53: 185-193. 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